X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperlsub.pod;h=b440cd1d93021ceb68a16e774a353e0073d0cd14;hb=78f9721bf0dc33981bedf125bcfa5c0c42b69eba;hp=46d1a2a2b0e0862b6455945c8c1ea99e3aace84d;hpb=c47ff5f1a1ef5d0daccf1724400a446cd8e93573;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perlsub.pod b/pod/perlsub.pod index 46d1a2a..b440cd1 100644 --- a/pod/perlsub.pod +++ b/pod/perlsub.pod @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ To call subroutines: Like many languages, Perl provides for user-defined subroutines. These may be located anywhere in the main program, loaded in from other files via the C, C, or C keywords, or -generated on the fly using C or anonymous subroutines (closures). +generated on the fly using C or anonymous subroutines. You can even call a function indirectly using a variable containing its name or a CODE reference. @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ of changing them in place: } Notice how this (unprototyped) function doesn't care whether it was -passed real scalars or arrays. Perl sees all arugments as one big, +passed real scalars or arrays. Perl sees all arguments as one big, long, flat parameter list in C<@_>. This is one area where Perl's simple argument-passing style shines. The C function would work perfectly well without changing the C @@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ Do not, however, be tempted to do this: Like the flattened incoming parameter list, the return list is also flattened on return. So all you have managed to do here is stored -everything in C<@a> and made C<@b> an empty list. See L for alternatives. +everything in C<@a> and made C<@b> an empty list. See +L for alternatives. A subroutine may be called using an explicit C<&> prefix. The C<&> is optional in modern Perl, as are parentheses if the @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ A compilation error results otherwise. An inner block may countermand this with C. A C has both a compile-time and a run-time effect. At compile -time, the compiler takes notice of it. The principle usefulness +time, the compiler takes notice of it. The principal usefulness of this is to quiet C, but it is also essential for generation of closures as detailed in L. Actual initialization is delayed until run time, though, so it gets executed @@ -645,10 +645,6 @@ and in: all the subroutines are called in a list context. -The current implementation does not allow arrays and hashes to be -returned from lvalue subroutines directly. You may return a -reference instead. This restriction may be lifted in future. - =head2 Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) B: The mechanism described in this section was originally @@ -697,9 +693,11 @@ Despite the existence of C, there are still three places where the C operator still shines. In fact, in these three places, you I use C instead of C. -=over +=over 4 + +=item 1. -=item 1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_. +You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_. The global variables, like C<@ARGV> or the punctuation variables, must be Cized with C. This block reads in F, and splits @@ -716,7 +714,9 @@ in C<@Fields>. It particular, it's important to Cize $_ in any routine that assigns to it. Look out for implicit assignments in C conditionals. -=item 2. You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function. +=item 2. + +You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function. A function that needs a filehandle of its own must use C on a complete typeglob. This can be used to create new symbol @@ -746,7 +746,9 @@ a local alias. See L for more about manipulating functions by name in this way. -=item 3. You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash. +=item 3. + +You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash. You can Cize just one element of an aggregate. Usually this is done on dynamics: @@ -1270,7 +1272,7 @@ see L. See L for more about references and closures. See L if you'd like to learn about calling C subroutines from Perl. -See L if you'd like to learn about calling PErl subroutines from C. +See L if you'd like to learn about calling Perl subroutines from C. See L to learn about bundling up your functions in separate files. See L to learn what library modules come standard on your system. See L to learn how to make object method calls.