X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperlport.pod;h=3458c7c581cb2782bd6da560fdac7283cfea2024;hb=58103a2e295c15d87c7ce0bd8dd83d7e110adac4;hp=e250ea183b0746c34bd6aba30f0a560dfcfff14f;hpb=47cd99a476cec03355d01f7362c0175ff9e1c16e;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perlport.pod b/pod/perlport.pod index e250ea1..3458c7c 100644 --- a/pod/perlport.pod +++ b/pod/perlport.pod @@ -360,7 +360,8 @@ Whitespace in filenames is tolerated on most systems, but not all, and even on systems where it might be tolerated, some utilities might become confused by such whitespace. -Many systems (DOS, VMS) cannot have more than one C<.> in their filenames. +Many systems (DOS, VMS ODS-2) cannot have more than one C<.> in their +filenames. Don't assume C<< > >> won't be the first character of a filename. Always use C<< < >> explicitly to open a file for reading, or even @@ -658,9 +659,9 @@ Do not assume that the alphabetic characters are encoded contiguously Do not assume anything about the ordering of the characters. The lowercase letters may come before or after the uppercase letters; -the lowercase and uppercase may be interlaced so that both `a' and `A' -come before `b'; the accented and other international characters may -be interlaced so that E comes before `b'. +the lowercase and uppercase may be interlaced so that both "a" and "A" +come before "b"; the accented and other international characters may +be interlaced so that E comes before "b". =head2 Internationalisation @@ -1057,6 +1058,9 @@ MPW, ftp://ftp.apple.com/developer/Tool_Chest/Core_Mac_OS_Tools/ =head2 VMS Perl on VMS is discussed in L in the perl distribution. + +The official name of VMS as of this writing is OpenVMS. + Perl on VMS can accept either VMS- or Unix-style file specifications as in either of the following: @@ -1093,18 +1097,79 @@ you are so inclined. For example: Do take care with C<$ ASSIGN/nolog/user SYS$COMMAND: SYS$INPUT> if your perl-in-DCL script expects to do things like C<< $read = ; >>. -Filenames are in the format "name.extension;version". The maximum -length for filenames is 39 characters, and the maximum length for +The VMS operating system has two filesystems, known as ODS-2 and ODS-5. + +For ODS-2, filenames are in the format "name.extension;version". The +maximum length for filenames is 39 characters, and the maximum length for extensions is also 39 characters. Version is a number from 1 to 32767. Valid characters are C. -VMS's RMS filesystem is case-insensitive and does not preserve case. -C returns lowercased filenames, but specifying a file for -opening remains case-insensitive. Files without extensions have a -trailing period on them, so doing a C with a file named F -will return F (though that file could be opened with +The ODS-2 filesystem is case-insensitive and does not preserve case. +Perl simulates this by converting all filenames to lowercase internally. + +For ODS-5, filenames may have almost any character in them and can include +Unicode characters. Characters that could be misinterpreted by the DCL +shell or file parsing utilities need to be prefixed with the C<^> +character, or replaced with hexadecimal characters prefixed with the +C<^> character. Such prefixing is only needed with the pathnames are +in VMS format in applications. Programs that can accept the UNIX format +of pathnames do not need the escape characters. The maximum length for +filenames is 255 characters. The ODS-5 file system can handle both +a case preserved and a case sensitive mode. + +ODS-5 is only available on the OpenVMS for 64 bit platforms. + +Support for the extended file specifications is being done as optional +settings to preserve backward compatibility with Perl scripts that +assume the previous VMS limitations. + +In general routines on VMS that get a UNIX format file specification +should return it in a UNIX format, and when they get a VMS format +specification they should return a VMS format unless they are documented +to do a conversion. + +For routines that generate return a file specification, VMS allows setting +if the C library which Perl is built on if it will be returned in VMS +format or in UNIX format. + +With the ODS-2 file system, there is not much difference in syntax of +filenames without paths for VMS or UNIX. With the extended character +set available with ODS-5 there can be a significant difference. + +Because of this, existing Perl scripts written for VMS were sometimes +treating VMS and UNIX filenames interchangeably. Without the extended +character set enabled, this behavior will mostly be maintained for +backwards compatibility. + +When extended characters are enabled with ODS-5, the handling of +UNIX formatted file specifications is to that of a UNIX system. + +VMS file specifications without extensions have a trailing dot. An +equivalent UNIX file specification should not show the trailing dot. + +The result of all of this, is that for VMS, for portable scripts, you +can not depend on Perl to present the filenames in lowercase, to be +case sensitive, and that the filenames could be returned in either +UNIX or VMS format. + +And if a routine returns a file specification, unless it is intended to +convert it, it should return it in the same format as it found it. + +C by default has traditionally returned lowercased filenames. +When the ODS-5 support is enabled, it will return the exact case of the +filename on the disk. + +Files without extensions have a trailing period on them, so doing a +C in the default mode with a file named F will +return F when VMS is (though that file could be opened with C). +With support for extended file specifications and if C was +given a UNIX format directory, a file named F will return F +and optionally in the exact case on the disk. When C is given +a VMS format directory, then C should return F, and +again with the optionally the exact case. + RMS had an eight level limit on directory depths from any rooted logical (allowing 16 levels overall) prior to VMS 7.2. Hence C is a valid directory specification but @@ -1115,7 +1180,8 @@ as C. The VMS::Filespec module, which gets installed as part of the build process on VMS, is a pure Perl module that can easily be installed on non-VMS platforms and can be helpful for conversions to and from RMS -native formats. +native formats. It is also now the only way that you should check to +see if VMS is in a case sensitive mode. What C<\n> represents depends on the type of file opened. It usually represents C<\012> but it could also be C<\015>, C<\012>, C<\015\012>, @@ -1126,6 +1192,10 @@ special fopen() requirements of files with unusual attributes on VMS. TCP/IP stacks are optional on VMS, so socket routines might not be implemented. UDP sockets may not be supported. +The TCP/IP library support for all current versions of VMS is dynamically +loaded if present, so even if the routines are configured, they may +return a status indicating that they are not implemented. + The value of C<$^O> on OpenVMS is "VMS". To determine the architecture that you are running on without resorting to loading all of C<%Config> you can examine the content of the C<@INC> array like so: @@ -1136,10 +1206,16 @@ you can examine the content of the C<@INC> array like so: } elsif (grep(/VMS_VAX/, @INC)) { print "I'm on VAX!\n"; + } elsif (grep(/VMS_IA64/, @INC)) { + print "I'm on IA64!\n"; + } else { print "I'm not so sure about where $^O is...\n"; } +In general, the significant differences should only be if Perl is running +on VMS_VAX or one of the 64 bit OpenVMS platforms. + On VMS, perl determines the UTC offset from the C logical name. Although the VMS epoch began at 17-NOV-1858 00:00:00.00, calls to C are adjusted to count offsets from @@ -1622,11 +1698,17 @@ mapping the C<1> to SS$_ABORT (C<44>). This behavior may be overridden with the pragma C. As with the CRTL's exit() function, C is also mapped to an exit status of SS$_NORMAL (C<1>); this mapping cannot be overridden. Any other argument to exit() -is used directly as Perl's exit status. (VMS) +is used directly as Perl's exit status. On VMS, unless the future +POSIX_EXIT mode is enabled, the exit code should always be a valid +VMS exit code and not a generic number. When the POSIX_EXIT mode is +enabled, a generic number will be encoded in a method compatible with +the C library _POSIX_EXIT macro so that it can be decoded by other +programs, particularly ones written in C, like the GNV package. (VMS) =item fcntl -Not implemented. (Win32, VMS) +Not implemented. (Win32) +Some functions available based on the version of VMS. (VMS) =item flock @@ -1773,6 +1855,10 @@ Not implemented. (S) This operator is implemented via the File::Glob extension on most platforms. See L for portability information. +=item gmtime + +Same portability caveats as L. + =item ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR Not implemented. (VMS) @@ -1796,9 +1882,12 @@ and makes it exit immediately with exit status $sig. As in Unix, if $sig is 0 and the specified process exists, it returns true without actually terminating it. (Win32) +Is not supported for process identification number of 0 or negative +numbers. (VMS) + =item link -Not implemented. (S, MPE/iX, VMS, S) +Not implemented. (S, MPE/iX, S) Link count not updated because hard links are not quite that hard (They are sort of half-way between hard and soft links). (AmigaOS) @@ -1806,9 +1895,18 @@ Link count not updated because hard links are not quite that hard Hard links are implemented on Win32 (Windows NT and Windows 2000) under NTFS only. +Available on 64 bit OpenVMS 8.2 and later. (VMS) + +=item localtime + +Because Perl currently relies on the native standard C localtime() +function, it is only safe to use times between 0 and (2**31)-1. Times +outside this range may result in unexpected behavior depending on your +operating system's implementation of localtime(). + =item lstat -Not implemented. (VMS, S) +Not implemented. (S) Return values (especially for device and inode) may be bogus. (Win32) @@ -1897,7 +1995,9 @@ be implemented even in UNIX platforms. =item socketpair -Not implemented. (Win32, VMS, S, VOS, VM/ESA) +Not implemented. (Win32, S, VOS, VM/ESA) + +Available on 64 bit OpenVMS 8.2 and later. (VMS) =item stat @@ -1942,16 +2042,6 @@ OS>, OS/390, VM/ESA) =item system -In general, do not assume the UNIX/POSIX semantics that you can shift -C<$?> right by eight to get the exit value, or that C<$? & 127> -would give you the number of the signal that terminated the program, -or that C<$? & 128> would test true if the program was terminated by a -coredump. Instead, use the POSIX W*() interfaces: for example, use -WIFEXITED($?) and WEXITVALUE($?) to test for a normal exit and the exit -value, WIFSIGNALED($?) and WTERMSIG($?) for a signal exit and the -signal. Core dumping is not a portable concept, so there's no portable -way to test for that. - Only implemented if ToolServer is installed. (S) As an optimization, may not call the command shell specified in @@ -1984,6 +2074,8 @@ Does not automatically flush output handles on some platforms. The return value is POSIX-like (shifted up by 8 bits), which only allows room for a made-up value derived from the severity bits of the native 32-bit condition code (unless overridden by C). +If the native condition code is one that has a POSIX value encoded, the +POSIX value will be decoded to extract the expected exit value. For more details see L. (VMS) =item times @@ -2216,4 +2308,4 @@ Paul J. Schinder , Michael G Schwern , Dan Sugalski , Nathan Torkington . - +John Malmberg