X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperlmodlib.pod;h=beb6a42a1627ed7df591b3b890a45e1b2e33230f;hb=416e7255471199e449f09747b8a3f428fc8e2bb5;hp=05570d9732a0e49abeb3baed4ec5b35d7597f7b5;hpb=0974df930dbf6b282208132012d60e013d9abcb4;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perlmodlib.pod b/pod/perlmodlib.pod index 05570d9..beb6a42 100644 --- a/pod/perlmodlib.pod +++ b/pod/perlmodlib.pod @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +=for maintainers +Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT! + =head1 NAME perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones @@ -62,17 +65,29 @@ Postpone load of modules until a function is used Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time +=item bigint + +Transparent big integer support for Perl + +=item bignum + +Transparent BigNumber support for Perl + +=item bigrat + +Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl + =item blib Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package -=item caller +=item bytes -Inherit pragmatic attributes from caller's context +Force byte semantics rather than character semantics =item charnames -Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escape. +Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes =item constant @@ -80,31 +95,39 @@ Declare constants =item diagnostics -Force verbose warning diagnostics +Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics + +=item encoding + +Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8 =item fields -Declare a class's attribute fields at compile-time +Compile-time class fields =item filetest -Control the filetest operators like C<-r>, C<-w> for AFS, etc. +Control the filetest permission operators + +=item if + +C a Perl module if a condition holds =item integer -Compute arithmetic in integer instead of double +Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point =item less -Request less of something from the compiler (unimplemented) +Request less of something from the compiler -=item lib +=item locale -Manipulate @INC at compile time +Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations -=item locale +=item open -Use or avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations +Set default disciplines for input and output =item ops @@ -112,36 +135,52 @@ Restrict unsafe operations when compiling =item overload -Overload Perl operations +Package for overloading perl operations =item re -Alter regular expression behavior +Alter regular expression behaviour =item sigtrap Enable simple signal handling +=item sort + +Control sort() behaviour + =item strict Restrict unsafe constructs =item subs -Predeclare subroutine names +Predeclare sub names + +=item threads + +Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl =item utf8 -Turn on UTF-8 and Unicode support +Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code =item vars -Predeclare global variable names (obsoleted by our()) +Predeclare global variable names (obsolete) + +=item vmsish + +Control VMS-specific language features =item warnings Control optional warnings +=item warnings::register + +Warnings import function + =back =head2 Standard Modules @@ -154,7 +193,11 @@ Exporter module. See their own documentation for details. =item AnyDBM_File -Provide framework for multiple DBM libraries +Provide framework for multiple DBMs + +=item Attribute::Handlers + +Simpler definition of attribute handlers =item AutoLoader @@ -166,7 +209,7 @@ Split a package for autoloading =item B -Guts of the Perl code generator (aka compiler) +The Perl Compiler =item B::Asmdata @@ -192,13 +235,17 @@ Perl compiler's C backend Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend +=item B::Concise + +Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops + =item B::Debug Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops =item B::Deparse -Perl compiler backend to produce Perl code +Perl compiler backend to produce perl code =item B::Disassembler @@ -206,7 +253,7 @@ Disassemble Perl bytecode =item B::Lint -Module to catch dubious constructs +Perl lint =item B::Showlex @@ -216,7 +263,9 @@ Show lexical variables used in functions or files Helper module for CC backend -B::Stash -- XXX NFI XXX +=item B::Stash + +Show what stashes are loaded =item B::Terse @@ -228,19 +277,19 @@ Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs =item Benchmark -Benchmark running times of code +Benchmark running times of Perl code =item ByteLoader -Load byte-compiled Perl code +Load byte compiled perl code =item CGI -Simple Common Gateway Interface class +Simple Common Gateway Interface Class =item CGI::Apache -Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API +Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm =item CGI::Carp @@ -264,15 +313,19 @@ Simple Interface to Server Push =item CGI::Switch -Try more than one constructors and return the first object available +Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch + +=item CGI::Util + +Internal utilities used by CGI module =item CPAN -Query, download, and build Perl modules from CPAN sites +Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites =item CPAN::FirstTime -Utility for CPAN::Config file initialization +Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization =item CPAN::Nox @@ -280,11 +333,15 @@ Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module =item Carp -Act like warn/die from perspective of caller +Warn of errors (from perspective of caller) =item Carp::Heavy -Carp guts +No user serviceable parts inside + +=item Class::ISA + +Report the search path for a class's ISA tree =item Class::Struct @@ -300,55 +357,47 @@ Get pathname of current working directory =item DB -Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (experimental) +Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to =item DB_File Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x -=item Data::Dumper - -Serialize Perl data structures - -=item Devel::DProf - -A Perl execution profiler - -=item Devel::Peek - -A data debugging tool for the XS programmer - =item Devel::SelfStubber Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module +=item Digest + +Modules that calculate message digests + =item DirHandle Supply object methods for directory handles =item Dumpvalue -Provide screen dump of Perl data +Provides screen dump of Perl data. -=item DynaLoader +=item Encode -Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code +Character encodings =item English -Use English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables +Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables =item Env -Access environment variables as regular ones +Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays =item Errno -Load the libc errno.h defines +System errno constants =item Exporter -Implement default import method for modules +Implements default import method for modules =item Exporter::Heavy @@ -356,11 +405,19 @@ Exporter guts =item ExtUtils::Command -Utilities to replace common Unix commands in Makefiles etc. +Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc. + +=item ExtUtils::Command::MM + +Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles + +=item ExtUtils::Constant + +Generate XS code to import C header constants =item ExtUtils::Embed -Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ programs +Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications =item ExtUtils::Install @@ -374,13 +431,41 @@ Inventory management of installed modules Determine libraries to use and how to use them +=item ExtUtils::MM + +OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass + +=item ExtUtils::MM_Any + +Platform agnostic MM methods + +=item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS + +Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker + =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin -Methods to override Unix behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker +Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=item ExtUtils::MM_DOS + +DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix + +=item ExtUtils::MM_MacOS + +Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=item ExtUtils::MM_NW5 + +Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2 -Methods to override Unix behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker +Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=item ExtUtils::MM_UWIN + +U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix @@ -388,11 +473,19 @@ Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS -Methods to override Unix behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker +Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32 -Methods to override Unix behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker +Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=item ExtUtils::MM_Win95 + +Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X + +=item ExtUtils::MY + +ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker @@ -402,8 +495,6 @@ Create an extension Makefile Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file -ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - Write the C code for perlmain.c - =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader @@ -426,7 +517,7 @@ Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die =item Fcntl -Load the libc fcntl.h defines +Load the C Fcntl.h defines =item File::Basename @@ -446,31 +537,39 @@ Copy files or filehandles =item File::DosGlob -DOS-like globbing and then some +DOS like globbing and then some =item File::Find -Traverse a file tree - -=item File::Glob - -Perl extension for BSD filename globbing +Traverse a directory tree. =item File::Path -Create or remove a series of directories +Create or remove directory trees =item File::Spec Portably perform operations on file names +=item File::Spec::Cygwin + +Methods for Cygwin file specs + +=item File::Spec::Epoc + +Methods for Epoc file specs + =item File::Spec::Functions Portably perform operations on file names =item File::Spec::Mac -File::Spec for MacOS +File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic) + +=item File::Spec::NW5 + +Methods for NW5 file specs =item File::Spec::OS2 @@ -478,7 +577,7 @@ Methods for OS/2 file specs =item File::Spec::Unix -Methods used by File::Spec +File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules =item File::Spec::VMS @@ -488,6 +587,10 @@ Methods for VMS file specs Methods for Win32 file specs +=item File::Temp + +Return name and handle of a temporary file safely + =item File::stat By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions @@ -500,13 +603,13 @@ Keep more files open than the system permits Supply object methods for filehandles -=item FindBin +=item Filter::Simple -Locate installation directory of running Perl program +Simplified source filtering -=item GDBM_File +=item FindBin -Access to the gdbm library +Locate directory of original perl script =item Getopt::Long @@ -516,81 +619,77 @@ Extended processing of command line options Process single-character switches with switch clustering -=item I18N::Collate - -Compare 8-bit scalar data according to current locale - -=item IO +=item Hash::Util -Front-end to load various IO modules +A selection of general-utility hash subroutines -=item IO::Dir +=item I18N::Collate -Supply object methods for directory handles +Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale -=item IO::File +=item I18N::LangTags -Supply object methods for filehandles +Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags -=item IO::Handle +=item I18N::LangTags::List -Supply object methods for I/O handles +Tags and names for human languages -=item IO::Pipe +=item IO -Supply object methods for pipes +Load various IO modules -=item IO::Poll +=item IPC::Open2 -Object interface to system poll call +Open a process for both reading and writing -=item IO::Seekable +=item IPC::Open3 -Supply seek based methods for I/O objects +Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling -=item IO::Select +=item Locale::Constants -OO interface to the select system call +Constants for Locale codes -=item IO::Socket +=item Locale::Country -Object interface to socket communications +ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166) -=item IO::Socket::INET +=item Locale::Currency -Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets +ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217) -=item IO::Socket::UNIX +=item Locale::Language -Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets +ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639) -=item IPC::Msg +=item Locale::Maketext -SysV Msg IPC object class +Framework for localization -=item IPC::Open2 +=item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -Open a process for both reading and writing +Article about software localization -=item IPC::Open3 +=item Locale::Script -Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling +ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924) -=item IPC::Semaphore +=item Math::BigFloat -SysV Semaphore IPC object class +Arbitrary size floating point math package -=item IPC::SysV +=item Math::BigInt -SysV IPC constants +Arbitrary size integer math package -=item Math::BigFloat +=item Math::BigInt::Calc -Arbitrary length float math package +Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt -=item Math::BigInt +=item Math::BigRat -Arbitrary size integer math package +Arbitrarily big rationals =item Math::Complex @@ -600,14 +699,94 @@ Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions Trigonometric functions +=item Memoize + +Make functions faster by trading space for time + +=item Memoize::AnyDBM_File + +Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use + +=item Memoize::Expire + +Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values + +=item Memoize::ExpireFile + +Test for Memoize expiration semantics + +=item Memoize::ExpireTest + +Test for Memoize expiration semantics + +=item Memoize::NDBM_File + +Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use + +=item Memoize::SDBM_File + +Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use + +=item Memoize::Storable + +Store Memoized data in Storable database + +=item NDBM_File + +Tied access to ndbm files + +=item NEXT + +Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch + +=item Net::Cmd + +Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc) + +=item Net::Config + +Local configuration data for libnet + +=item Net::Domain + +Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain + +=item Net::FTP + +FTP Client class + +=item Net::NNTP + +NNTP Client class + +=item Net::Netrc + +OO interface to users netrc file + +=item Net::POP3 + +Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939) + =item Net::Ping Check a remote host for reachability +=item Net::SMTP + +Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client + +=item Net::Time + +Time and daytime network client interface + =item Net::hostent By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions +=item Net::libnetFAQ + +Libnet Frequently Asked Questions + =item Net::netent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions @@ -624,34 +803,66 @@ By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends +=item ODBM_File + +Tied access to odbm files + =item Opcode -Disable named opcodes when compiling Perl code +Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code =item POSIX Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 +=item PerlIO + +On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space + =item Pod::Checker Check pod documents for syntax errors +=item Pod::Find + +Find POD documents in directory trees + +=item Pod::Functions + +Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod + =item Pod::Html Module to convert pod files to HTML =item Pod::InputObjects -Manage POD objects +Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc. + +=item Pod::LaTeX + +Convert Pod data to formatted Latex =item Pod::Man Convert POD data to formatted *roff input +=item Pod::ParseLink + +Parse an LEE formatting code in POD text + +=item Pod::ParseUtils + +Helpers for POD parsing and conversion + =item Pod::Parser Base class for creating POD filters and translators +=item Pod::Plainer + +Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod. + =item Pod::Select Extract selected sections of POD from input @@ -664,6 +875,14 @@ Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text +=item Pod::Text::Overstrike + +Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text + +=item Pod::Text::Termcap + +Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes + =item Pod::Usage Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation @@ -690,66 +909,120 @@ Load functions only on demand =item Shell -Run shell commands transparently within Perl +Run shell commands transparently within perl =item Socket -Load the libc socket.h defines and structure manipulators +Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators -=item Symbol +=item Storable -Manipulate Perl symbols and their names +Persistence for Perl data structures + +=item Switch -=item Sys::Hostname +A switch statement for Perl + +=item Symbol -Try every conceivable way to get hostname +Manipulate Perl symbols and their names -=item Sys::Syslog +=item Term::ANSIColor -Interface to the libc syslog(3) calls +Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences =item Term::Cap -Termcap interface +Perl termcap interface =item Term::Complete -Word completion module +Perl word completion module =item Term::ReadLine -Interface to various `readline' packages. +Perl interface to various C packages. If =item Test Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts +=item Test::Builder + +Backend for building test libraries + =item Test::Harness -Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics +Run perl standard test scripts with statistics + +=item Test::Harness::Assert + +Simple assert + +=item Test::Harness::Iterator + +Internal Test::Harness Iterator + +=item Test::Harness::Straps + +Detailed analysis of test results + +=item Test::More + +Yet another framework for writing test scripts + +=item Test::Simple + +Basic utilities for writing tests. + +=item Test::Tutorial + +A tutorial about writing really basic tests =item Text::Abbrev Create an abbreviation table from a list +=item Text::Balanced + +Extract delimited text sequences from strings. + =item Text::ParseWords -Parse text into a list of tokens or array of arrays +Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays =item Text::Soundex -Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as described by Knuth +Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth + +=item Text::Tabs -Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per expand(1) and unexpand(1) +Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1) =item Text::Wrap Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs +=item Thread + +Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only) + +=item Thread::Queue + +Thread-safe queues (for old code only) + +=item Thread::Semaphore + +Thread-safe semaphores (for old code only) + =item Tie::Array Base class for tied arrays +=item Tie::File + +Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array + =item Tie::Handle Base class definitions for tied handles @@ -758,6 +1031,10 @@ Base class definitions for tied handles Base class definitions for tied hashes +=item Tie::Memoize + +Add data to hash when needed + =item Tie::RefHash Use references as hash keys @@ -790,6 +1067,14 @@ Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime Base class for ALL classes (blessed references) +=item Unicode::Collate + +Unicode Collation Algorithm + +=item Unicode::UCD + +Unicode character database + =item User::grent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions @@ -798,11 +1083,15 @@ By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions +=item Win32 + +Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions + =back To find out I modules installed on your system, including -those without documentation or outside the standard release, -jus tdo this: +those without documentation or outside the standard release, +just do this: % find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print @@ -818,7 +1107,7 @@ system B command, you might try the B program. Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them, -but may also be be linked in statically. Supported extension modules +but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX. Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not @@ -832,10 +1121,9 @@ like Alta Vista or Deja News. CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style -guides, tricks and trap, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and +guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for -CPAN can be found at http://cpan.perl.com/ and at -http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_perl/cpan-search.pl . +CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/ Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules, some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of @@ -844,66 +1132,87 @@ modules are: =over =item * + Language Extensions and Documentation Tools =item * + Development Support =item * + Operating System Interfaces =item * + Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication =item * + Data Types and Data Type Utilities =item * + Database Interfaces =item * + User Interfaces =item * + Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages =item * + File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles) =item * + String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching =item * + Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing =item * + Internationalization and Locale =item * + Authentication, Security, and Encryption =item * + World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME =item * + Server and Daemon Utilities =item * + Archiving and Compression =item * + Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing =item * + Mail and Usenet News =item * + Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc) =item * + File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities =item * + Miscellaneous Modules =back @@ -911,223 +1220,814 @@ Miscellaneous Modules Registered CPAN sites as of this writing include the following. You should try to choose one close to you: -=over +=head2 Africa -=item Africa - - South Africa ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/ - ftp://ftpza.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/ - -=item Asia - - China ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Hong Kong ftp://ftp.hkstar.com/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.pacific.net.hk/pub/mirror/CPAN/ - Indonesia ftp://malone.piksi.itb.ac.id/pub/CPAN/ - Israel ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/ - Japan ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.lab.kdd.co.jp/lang/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/ - Singapore ftp://ftp.nus.edu.sg/pub/unix/perl/CPAN/ - South Korea ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/ - Taiwan ftp://coda.nctu.edu.tw/computer-languages/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub3/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.wownet.net/pub2/PERL/ - ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/ - Thailand ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ - -=item Australasia - - Australia ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.labyrinth.net.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.sage-au.org.au/pub/compilers/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ - New Zealand ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://sunsite.net.nz/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - -=item Central America - - Costa Rica ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/ - -=item Europe - - Austria ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Belgium ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/ - Bulgaria ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ - Croatia ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/ - Czech Republic ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/perl/ - ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/Languages/Perl/CPAN/ - Denmark ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Estonia ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Finland ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - France ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ - Germany ftp://ftp.archive.de.uu.net/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.gmd.de/packages/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/programming/languages/script/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/ - Greece ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/ - Hungary ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ - Iceland ftp://ftp.gm.is/pub/CPAN/ - Ireland ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/ - Italy ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/ - Netherlands ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.EU.net/packages/cpan/ - ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Norway ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/ - ftp://sunsite.uio.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Poland ftp://ftp.man.szczecin.pl/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/ - Portugal ftp://ftp.ci.uminho.pt/pub/mirrors/cpan/ - ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/ - Romania ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/mirrors/perl-cpan/ - ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/ - Russia ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - Slovakia ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Slovenia ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/ - Spain ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/ - ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/ - Sweden ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - Switzerland ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/ - Turkey ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/ - United Kingdom ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/ - -=item North America - - Alberta ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/ - California ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/ - California ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/ - Colorado ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ - Florida ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ - Illinois ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - Indiana ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ - Kentucky ftp://ftp.uky.edu/CPAN/ - Manitoba ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ - Massachusetts ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/ - Mexico ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/ - Minnesota ftp://ftp.midearthbbs.com/CPAN/ - New York ftp://ftp.deao.net/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ - ftp://ftp.tpj.com/pub/CPAN/ - Nova Scotia ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/ - North Carolina ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/ - Oklahoma ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/ - Ontario ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/packages/lang/perl/CPAN/ - Oregon ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/packages/CPAN/ - Pennsylvania ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/ - Tennessee ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/ - Texas ftp://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ - Utah ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/ - Virginia ftp://ftp.perl.org/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/ - Washington ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.spu.edu/pub/CPAN/ - -=item South America - - Brazil ftp://cpan.if.usp.br/pub/mirror/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/ - Chile ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/Lang/perl/CPAN/ +=over 4 + +=item * + +South Africa + + ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.mweb.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/ + ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/ =back -For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, -see http://www.perl.com/perl/CPAN or ftp://www.perl.com/perl/ . +=head2 Asia -=head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse +=over 4 -(The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules -file, available at your nearest CPAN site.) +=item * -Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a -package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a -namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be -used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its -first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), -or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods). +China -A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same -name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be -called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of -its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be -totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module -might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on -demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to -exist. See L, L, and L for details about -the AUTOLOAD mechanism. + ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + http://www2.linuxforum.net/mirror/CPAN/ + http://cpan.shellhung.org/ + ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN -=head2 Guidelines for Module Creation +=item * -=over 4 +India -=item Do similar modules already exist in some form? + http://cpan.in.freeos.com + ftp://cpan.in.freeos.com/pub/CPAN/ -If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or -by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not -practical try to get together with the module authors to work on -extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules. -A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing -with command line options. +=item * -If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of -modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It -helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction -scheme as the original author. +Indonesia -=item Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse. + http://cpan.itb.web.id/ + ftp://mirrors.piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/ + http://CPAN.mweb.co.id/ + ftp://ftp.mweb.co.id/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ -Always use B<-w>. +=item * + +Israel + + http://www.iglu.org.il:/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.lerner.co.il/ + http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Japan + + ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN + ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/ + http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/ + ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/ + ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Korea + + http://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN + ftp://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN + +=item * + +Philippines + + http://www.adzu.edu.ph/CPAN + +=item * + +Russian Federation + + http://cpan.tomsk.ru + ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/pub/CPAN + +=item * + +Saudi Arabia + + ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Singapore + + http://cpan.hjc.edu.sg + +=item * + +South Korea + + http://CPAN.bora.net/ + ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/ + http://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/ + http://ftp.xgate.co.kr/cpan/ + ftp://ftp.xgate.co.kr/pub/mirror/CPAN + +=item * + +Taiwan + + ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/ + http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Thailand + + ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=back + +=head2 Central America + +=over 4 + +=item * + +Costa Rica + + ftp://ftp.linux.co.cr/mirrors/CPAN/ + http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/ + +=back + +=head2 Europe + +=over 4 + +=item * + +Austria + + ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Belgium + + http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.skynet.be + ftp://ftp.skynet.be/pub/CPAN + ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Bulgaria + + http://cpan.lirex.net/ + ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN + +=item * + +Croatia + + ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Czech Republic + + http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Denmark + + http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/ + ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/ + http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/ + ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Estonia + + ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Finland + + ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + http://cpan.kpnqwest.fi/ + +=item * + +France + + http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/ + ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/ + ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ + http://fr.cpan.org/ + ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/ + http://cpan.cict.fr/ + ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Germany + + ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN + ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/CPAN/ + http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/ + http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.noris.de/ + ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Greece + + ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl/CPAN + ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN + ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/ + +=item * + +Hungary + + http://cpan.artifact.hu/ + ftp://cpan.artifact.hu/CPAN/ + http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Iceland + + http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Ireland + + http://cpan.indigo.ie/ + ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/ + http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/ + ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/ + +=item * + +Italy + + http://cpan.nettuno.it/ + http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/ + ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN + http://softcity.iol.it/cpan + ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan + ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/ + ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Latvia + + http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Lithuania + + ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Netherlands + + ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/ + http://www.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Norway + + ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN + ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/ + +=item * + +Poland + + ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.com/ + ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/ + ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Portugal + + ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/ + ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN + ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.ip.pt/ + ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/ + ftp://ftp.netc.pt/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.up.pt/pub/CPAN + +=item * + +Romania + + ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/ + ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN + ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Russia + + ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ + http://cpan.rinet.ru/ + ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/ + ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Slovakia + + http://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Slovenia + + ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Spain + + http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/ + ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/ + +=item * + +Sweden + + http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN + ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Switzerland + + ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/ + ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Turkey + + ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Ukraine + + http://cpan.org.ua/ + ftp://cpan.org.ua/ + ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +United Kingdom + + http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN + ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + http://cpan.teleglobe.net/ + ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN + http://cpan.crazygreek.co.uk + ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/ + http://mirror.uklinux.net/CPAN/ + ftp://mirror.uklinux.net/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/ + ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/ + +=back + +=head2 North America + +=over 4 + +=item * + +Canada + +=over 8 + +=item * + +Alberta + + http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/ + ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Manitoba + + http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Nova Scotia + + ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Ontario + + ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Quebec + + http://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/ + +=back + +=item * + +Mexico + + http://cpan.azc.uam.mx + ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN + http://cpan.unam.mx/ + ftp://cpan.unam.mx/pub/CPAN + http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +United States + +=over 8 + +=item * + +Alabama + + http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ + ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ + +=item * + +California + + http://www.cpan.org/ + ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/ + http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN + ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/ + http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/ + ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN + http://cpan.digisle.net/ + ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN + http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ + http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Colorado + + ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Delaware + + http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN + ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN + +=item * + +District of Columbia + + ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Florida + + ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ + http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Illinois + + http://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/ + ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/ + +=item * + +Indiana + + ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ + http://cpan.netnitco.net/ + ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ + http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/ + ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/ + ftp://cpan.in-span.net/ + http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN + ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN + +=item * + +Kentucky + + http://cpan.uky.edu/ + ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Massachusetts + + ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + http://cpan.mirrors.netnumina.com/ + ftp://mirrors.netnumina.com/cpan/ + +=item * + +Michigan + + ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/ + +=item * + +New Jersey + + ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.teleglobe.net/ + ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN + +=item * + +New York + + ftp://ftp.exobit.org/pub/perl/CPAN + http://cpan.belfry.net/ + http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/ + ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/ + ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/ + http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ + ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ + ftp://mirrors.cloud9.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +North Carolina + + ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/ + +=item * + +Ohio + + ftp://ftp.loaded.net/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Oklahoma + + ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Oregon + + ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN + +=item * + +Pennsylvania + + http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/ + http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.pair.com/ + ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Tennessee + + ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Texas + + http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ + ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN + +=item * + +Utah + + ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Virginia + + http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/ + ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/ + http://perl.secsup.org/ + ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/ + http://mirrors.phihost.com/CPAN/ + ftp://mirrors.phihost.com/CPAN/ + ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/ + http://perl.Liquidation.com/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Washington + + http://cpan.llarian.net/ + ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/ + ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Wisconsin + + http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/ + +=back + +=head2 Oceania + +=over 4 + +=item * + +Australia + + http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +New Zealand + + ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/ + +=back + +=head2 South America + +=over 4 + +=item * + +Argentina + + ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Brazil + + ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Chile + + ftp://ftp.psinet.cl/pub/programming/perl/CPAN/ + +=back + +For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, +see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES . + +=head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse + +(The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules +file, available at your nearest CPAN site.) + +Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a +package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a +namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be +used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its +first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), +or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods). + +A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same +name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be +called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of +its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be +totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module +might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on +demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to +exist. See L, L, and L for details about +the AUTOLOAD mechanism. + +=head2 Guidelines for Module Creation + +=over 4 + +=item * + +Do similar modules already exist in some form? + +If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or +by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not +practical try to get together with the module authors to work on +extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules. +A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing +with command line options. + +If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of +modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It +helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction +scheme as the original author. + +=item * + +Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse. + +Try to C (or C). +Remember that you can add C to individual blocks +of code that need less warnings. Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor, e.g.,: sub new { - my $class = shift; - return bless {}, $class; + my $class = shift; + return bless {}, $class; } or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static or a virtual method. sub new { - my $self = shift; - my $class = ref($self) || $self; - return bless {}, $class; + my $self = shift; + my $class = ref($self) || $self; + return bless {}, $class; } Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later @@ -1140,8 +2040,8 @@ Generally you can delete the C part with no harm at all. Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired class names as far as possible. -Avoid C<$r-EClass::func()> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and -C<$r-Efunc()> would work (see L for more details). +Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and +C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L for more details). Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to @@ -1159,19 +2059,21 @@ Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state information in objects. -Always use B<-w>. +Always use B<-w>. Try to C (or C). Remember that you can add C to individual blocks -of code that need less strictness. +of code that need less strictness. -Always use B<-w>. +Always use B<-w>. Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual. Always use B<-w>. -=item Some simple style guidelines +=item * + +Some simple style guidelines The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points. @@ -1198,12 +2100,14 @@ or nature of a variable. For example: $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase. -e.g., C<$obj-Eas_string()>. +e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>. You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or function should not be used outside the package that defined it. -=item Select what to export. +=item * + +Select what to export. Do NOT export method names! @@ -1214,7 +2118,7 @@ export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes. Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the -module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<$blessed_ref-Emethod>) +module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>) syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use. @@ -1227,7 +2131,9 @@ As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution. -=item Select a name for the module. +=item * + +Select a name for the module. This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or @@ -1251,11 +2157,19 @@ If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in those modules. +If developing modules for private internal or project specific use, +that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure +that their names will not clash with any future public module. You +can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by +using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*. + To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier. -=item Have you got it right? +=item * + +Have you got it right? How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have @@ -1274,7 +2188,9 @@ Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you! -=item README and other Additional Files. +=item * + +README and other Additional Files. It's well known that software developers usually fully document the software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of @@ -1284,24 +2200,31 @@ documentation please at least provide a README file containing: =over 10 =item * + A description of the module/package/extension etc. =item * + A copyright notice - see below. =item * + Prerequisites - what else you may need to have. =item * + How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc. =item * + How to install it. =item * + Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities =item * + Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future. =back @@ -1312,7 +2235,9 @@ Copying, ToDo etc. =over 4 -=item Adding a Copyright Notice. +=item * + +Adding a Copyright Notice. How you choose to license your work is a personal decision. The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make @@ -1333,7 +2258,9 @@ This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files. Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright. -=item Give the module a version/issue/release number. +=item * + +Give the module a version/issue/release number. To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you should store your module's version number in a non-my package @@ -1347,14 +2274,16 @@ Use the number in announcements and archive file names when releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z). See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details. -=item How to release and distribute a module. +=item * + +How to release and distribute a module. It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off distribution. -If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should +If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should include details of its location in your announcement. Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file @@ -1368,16 +2297,17 @@ location. FTP Archives for Perl Modules: -Follow the instructions and links on +Follow the instructions and links on: - http://franz.ww.tu-berlin.de/modulelist + http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html + http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html or upload to one of these sites: - ftp://franz.ww.tu-berlin.de/incoming - ftp://ftp.cis.ufl.edu/incoming + https://pause.kbx.de/pause/ + http://pause.perl.org/pause/ -and notify >. +and notify . By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on @@ -1385,7 +2315,9 @@ CPAN! Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list! -=item Take care when changing a released module. +=item * + +Take care when changing a released module. Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions. Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the @@ -1399,26 +2331,34 @@ old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes. =over 4 -=item There is no requirement to convert anything. +=item * + +There is no requirement to convert anything. If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that. -=item Consider the implications. +=item * + +Consider the implications. All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time? -=item Make the most of the opportunity. +=item * + +Make the most of the opportunity. If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module creation above include many of the issues you should consider. -=item The pl2pm utility will get you started. +=item * + +The pl2pm utility will get you started. This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following: @@ -1426,15 +2366,19 @@ corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following: =over 10 =item * + Adds the standard Module prologue lines =item * + Converts package specifiers from ' to :: =item * + Converts die(...) to croak(...) =item * + Several other minor changes =back @@ -1449,18 +2393,28 @@ Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works! =over 4 -=item Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library. +=item * + +Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library. + +=item * -=item Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused. +Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused. Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy to reuse. -=item Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files. +=item * + +Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files. + +=item * + +Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces. -=item Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces. +=item * -=item In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small +In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases the application could invoked as: