X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperlmodlib.pod;h=5a0d28f1b6ae8ceb321190b1c3eb3f35ebe48514;hb=cb0a5b5c946748a0ce5472032178d97c33e21b33;hp=bfc52238193e033eaf2c593078e930de365d4d3e;hpb=09bef84370e90d727656ea11ba5ee8be80e361d3;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perlmodlib.pod b/pod/perlmodlib.pod index bfc5223..5a0d28f 100644 --- a/pod/perlmodlib.pod +++ b/pod/perlmodlib.pod @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +=for maintainers +Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT! + =head1 NAME perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones @@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ which lasts until the end of that BLOCK. Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead, -like C and C, whic allow you to predeclare a +like C and C, which allow you to predeclare a variables or subroutines within a particular I rather than just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C string literal escapes. + =item constant -declare constants +Declare constants =item diagnostics Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics +=item encoding + +Pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into Unicode + =item fields -compile-time class fields +Compile-time class fields =item filetest -control the filetest permission operators +Control the filetest permission operators + +=item if + +C a Perl module if a condition holds =item integer -compute arithmetic in integer instead of double +Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point =item less -perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler +Request less of something from the compiler -=item lib +=item locale -manipulate @INC at compile time +Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations -=item locale +=item open -use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations +Set default disciplines for input and output =item ops -restrict unsafe operations when compiling +Restrict unsafe operations when compiling =item overload @@ -108,35 +127,47 @@ Package for overloading perl operations =item re -alter regular expression behavior +Alter regular expression behaviour =item sigtrap -enable simple signal handling +Enable simple signal handling + +=item sort + +Control sort() behaviour =item strict -restrict unsafe constructs +Restrict unsafe constructs =item subs -predeclare sub names +Predeclare sub names + +=item threads + +Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl =item utf8 -turn on UTF-8 and Unicode support +Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code =item vars -predeclare global variable names +Predeclare global variable names (obsolete) + +=item vmsish + +Control VMS-specific language features =item warnings -control optional warnings +Control optional warnings -=item vmsish +=item warnings::register -control VMS-specific language features +Warnings import function =back @@ -150,19 +181,23 @@ Exporter module. See their own documentation for details. =item AnyDBM_File -provide framework for multiple DBMs +Provide framework for multiple DBMs + +=item Attribute::Handlers + +Simpler definition of attribute handlers =item AutoLoader -load subroutines only on demand +Load subroutines only on demand =item AutoSplit -split a package for autoloading +Split a package for autoloading =item B -The Perl Compiler; See also L. +The Perl Compiler =item B::Asmdata @@ -188,6 +223,10 @@ Perl compiler's C backend Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend +=item B::Concise + +Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops + =item B::Debug Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops @@ -212,6 +251,10 @@ Show lexical variables used in functions or files Helper module for CC backend +=item B::Stash + +Show what stashes are loaded + =item B::Terse Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops @@ -222,7 +265,11 @@ Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs =item Benchmark -benchmark running times of code +Benchmark running times of Perl code + +=item ByteLoader + +Load byte compiled perl code =item CGI @@ -230,7 +277,7 @@ Simple Common Gateway Interface Class =item CGI::Apache -Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API +Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm =item CGI::Carp @@ -244,17 +291,25 @@ Interface to Netscape Cookies CGI Interface for Fast CGI +=item CGI::Pretty + +Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code + =item CGI::Push Simple Interface to Server Push =item CGI::Switch -Try more than one constructors and return the first object available +Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch + +=item CGI::Util + +Internal utilities used by CGI module =item CPAN -query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites +Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites =item CPAN::FirstTime @@ -266,71 +321,75 @@ Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module =item Carp -warn of errors (from perspective of caller) +Warn of errors (from perspective of caller) -=item Class::Struct +=item Carp::Heavy -declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes +No user serviceable parts inside -=item Config +=item Class::ISA -access Perl configuration information +Report the search path for a class's ISA tree + +=item Class::Struct + +Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes =item Cwd -get pathname of current working directory +Get pathname of current working directory =item DB -programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API +Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to =item DB_File Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x -=item Data::Dumper - -stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C - -=item Devel::Peek +=item Devel::SelfStubber -A data debugging tool for the XS programmer +Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module -=item Devel::SelfStubber +=item Digest -generate stubs for a SelfLoading module +Modules that calculate message digests =item DirHandle -supply object methods for directory handles +Supply object methods for directory handles =item Dumpvalue -provides screen dump of Perl data. +Provides screen dump of Perl data. -=item DynaLoader +=item Encode -Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code +Character encodings =item English -use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables +Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables =item Env -perl module that imports environment variables - -=item Errno - -System errno constants +Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays =item Exporter Implements default import method for modules +=item Exporter::Heavy + +Exporter guts + =item ExtUtils::Command -utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc. +Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc. + +=item ExtUtils::Constant + +Generate XS code to import C header constants =item ExtUtils::Embed @@ -338,7 +397,7 @@ Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications =item ExtUtils::Install -install files from here to there +Install files from here to there =item ExtUtils::Installed @@ -346,63 +405,75 @@ Inventory management of installed modules =item ExtUtils::Liblist -determine libraries to use and how to use them +Determine libraries to use and how to use them + +=item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS + +Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin + +Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=item ExtUtils::MM_NW5 + +Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2 -methods to override UN*X behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker +Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix -methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker +Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS -methods to override UN*X behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker +Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32 -methods to override UN*X behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker +Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker -create an extension Makefile +Create an extension Makefile =item ExtUtils::Manifest -utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file - -=item ExtUtils::Miniperl - -write the C code for perlmain.c +Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap -make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader +Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists -write linker options files for dynamic extension +Write linker options files for dynamic extension =item ExtUtils::Packlist -manage .packlist files +Manage .packlist files =item ExtUtils::testlib -add blib/* directories to @INC +Add blib/* directories to @INC =item Fatal -replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die +Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die =item Fcntl -load the C Fcntl.h defines +Load the C Fcntl.h defines =item File::Basename -split a pathname into pieces +Split a pathname into pieces + +=item File::CheckTree + +Run many filetest checks on a tree =item File::Compare @@ -418,180 +489,264 @@ DOS like globbing and then some =item File::Find -traverse a file tree +Traverse a directory tree. =item File::Path -create or remove a series of directories +Create or remove directory trees =item File::Spec -portably perform operations on file names +Portably perform operations on file names + +=item File::Spec::Cygwin + +Methods for Cygwin file specs + +=item File::Spec::Epoc + +Methods for Epoc file specs =item File::Spec::Functions -portably perform operations on file names +Portably perform operations on file names =item File::Spec::Mac -File::Spec for MacOS +File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic) =item File::Spec::OS2 -methods for OS/2 file specs +Methods for OS/2 file specs =item File::Spec::Unix -methods used by File::Spec +File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules =item File::Spec::VMS -methods for VMS file specs +Methods for VMS file specs =item File::Spec::Win32 -methods for Win32 file specs +Methods for Win32 file specs + +=item File::Temp + +Return name and handle of a temporary file safely =item File::stat -by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions +By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions =item FileCache -keep more files open than the system permits +Keep more files open than the system permits =item FileHandle -supply object methods for filehandles +Supply object methods for filehandles -=item FindBin +=item Filter::Simple -Locate directory of original perl script +Simplified source filtering -=item GDBM_File +=item FindBin -Perl5 access to the gdbm library. +Locate directory of original perl script =item Getopt::Long -extended processing of command line options +Extended processing of command line options =item Getopt::Std Process single-character switches with switch clustering +=item Hash::Util + +A selection of general-utility hash subroutines + =item I18N::Collate -compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale +Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale + +=item I18N::LangTags + +Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags + +=item I18N::LangTags::List + +Tags and names for human languages =item IO -load various IO modules +Load various IO modules + +=item IPC::Open2 -=item IO::Dir +Open a process for both reading and writing -supply object methods for directory handles +=item IPC::Open3 -=item IO::File +Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling -supply object methods for filehandles +=item Locale::Constants -=item IO::Handle +Constants for Locale codes -supply object methods for I/O handles +=item Locale::Country -=item IO::Pipe +ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166) -supply object methods for pipes +=item Locale::Currency -=item IO::Poll +ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217) -Object interface to system poll call +=item Locale::Language -=item IO::Seekable +ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639) -supply seek based methods for I/O objects +=item Locale::Maketext -=item IO::Select +Framework for localization -OO interface to the select system call +=item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -=item IO::Socket +Article about software localization -Object interface to socket communications +=item Locale::Script -=item IO::Socket::INET +ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924) -Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets +=item Math::BigFloat -=item IO::Socket::UNIX +Arbitrary size floating point math package -Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets +=item Math::BigInt -=item IPC::Msg +Arbitrary size integer math package -SysV Msg IPC object class +=item Math::BigInt::Calc -=item IPC::Open2 +Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt -open a process for both reading and writing +=item Math::Complex -=item IPC::Open3 +Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions -open a process for reading, writing, and error handling +=item Math::Trig -=item IPC::Semaphore +Trigonometric functions -SysV Semaphore IPC object class +=item Memoize -=item IPC::SysV +Make your functions faster by trading space for time -SysV IPC constants +=item Memoize::AnyDBM_File -=item Math::BigFloat +Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use -Arbitrary length float math package +=item Memoize::Expire -=item Math::BigInt +Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values -Arbitrary size integer math package +=item Memoize::ExpireFile -=item Math::Complex +Test for Memoize expiration semantics -complex numbers and associated mathematical functions +=item Memoize::ExpireTest -=item Math::Trig +Test for Memoize expiration semantics + +=item Memoize::NDBM_File + +Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use -trigonometric functions +=item Memoize::SDBM_File + +Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use + +=item Memoize::Storable + +Store Memoized data in Storable database =item NDBM_File Tied access to ndbm files +=item NEXT + +Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch + +=item Net::Cmd + +Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc) + +=item Net::Config + +Local configuration data for libnet + +=item Net::Domain + +Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain + +=item Net::FTP + +FTP Client class + +=item Net::NNTP + +NNTP Client class + +=item Net::Netrc + +OO interface to users netrc file + +=item Net::POP3 + +Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939) + =item Net::Ping -check a remote host for reachability +Check a remote host for reachability + +=item Net::SMTP + +Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client + +=item Net::Time + +Time and daytime network client interface =item Net::hostent -by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions +By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions + +=item Net::libnetFAQ + +Libnet Frequently Asked Questions =item Net::netent -by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions +By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions =item Net::protoent -by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions +By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions =item Net::servent -by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions +By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions =item O Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends +=item ODBM_File + +Tied access to odbm files + =item Opcode Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code @@ -600,13 +755,81 @@ Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 +=item PerlIO + +On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space + +=item Pod::Checker + +Check pod documents for syntax errors + +=item Pod::Find + +Find POD documents in directory trees + +=item Pod::Functions + +Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod + =item Pod::Html -module to convert pod files to HTML +Module to convert pod files to HTML + +=item Pod::InputObjects + +Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc. + +=item Pod::LaTeX + +Convert Pod data to formatted Latex + +=item Pod::Man + +Convert POD data to formatted *roff input + +=item Pod::ParseLink + +Parse an LEE formatting code in POD text + +=item Pod::ParseUtils + +Helpers for POD parsing and conversion + +=item Pod::Parser + +Base class for creating POD filters and translators + +=item Pod::Plainer + +Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod. + +=item Pod::Select + +Extract selected sections of POD from input =item Pod::Text -convert POD data to formatted ASCII text +Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text + +=item Pod::Text::Color + +Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text + +=item Pod::Text::Overstrike + +Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text + +=item Pod::Text::Termcap + +Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes + +=item Pod::Usage + +Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation + +=item Pod::t::basic + +Test of various basic POD features in translators. =item SDBM_File @@ -618,35 +841,39 @@ Compile and execute code in restricted compartments =item Search::Dict -search for key in dictionary file +Search for key in dictionary file =item SelectSaver -save and restore selected file handle +Save and restore selected file handle =item SelfLoader -load functions only on demand +Load functions only on demand =item Shell -run shell commands transparently within perl +Run shell commands transparently within perl =item Socket -load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators +Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators -=item Symbol +=item Storable + +Persistency for perl data structures + +=item Switch -manipulate Perl symbols and their names +A switch statement for Perl -=item Sys::Hostname +=item Symbol -Try every conceivable way to get hostname +Manipulate Perl symbols and their names -=item Sys::Syslog +=item Term::ANSIColor -Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls +Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences =item Term::Cap @@ -658,73 +885,99 @@ Perl word completion module =item Term::ReadLine -Perl interface to various C packages. +Perl interface to various C packages. If =item Test -provides a simple framework for writing test scripts +Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts + +=item Test::Builder + +Backend for building test libraries =item Test::Harness -run perl standard test scripts with statistics +Run perl standard test scripts with statistics -=item Text::Abbrev +=item Test::Harness::Assert -create an abbreviation table from a list +Simple assert -=item Text::ParseWords +=item Test::Harness::Iterator -parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays +Internal Test::Harness Iterator -=item Text::Soundex +=item Test::Harness::Straps -Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth +Detailed analysis of test results -=item Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1) +=item Test::More -=item Text::Wrap +Yet another framework for writing test scripts -line wrapping to form simple paragraphs +=item Test::Simple -=item Thread +Basic utilities for writing tests. -multithreading +=item Test::Tutorial -=item Thread::Queue +A tutorial about writing really basic tests -thread-safe queues +=item Text::Abbrev + +Create an abbreviation table from a list + +=item Text::Balanced + +Extract delimited text sequences from strings. + +=item Text::ParseWords + +Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays + +=item Text::Soundex + +Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth -=item Thread::Semaphore +=item Text::Tabs -thread-safe semaphores +Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1) -=item Thread::Signal +=item Text::Wrap -Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably +Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs -=item Thread::Specific +=item Thread -thread-specific keys +Manipulate threads in Perl =item Tie::Array -base class for tied arrays +Base class for tied arrays + +=item Tie::File + +Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array =item Tie::Handle -base class definitions for tied handles +Base class definitions for tied handles + +=item Tie::Hash + +Base class definitions for tied hashes -=item Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash +=item Tie::Memoize -base class definitions for tied hashes +Add data to hash when needed =item Tie::RefHash -use references as hash keys +Use references as hash keys -=item Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar +=item Tie::Scalar -base class definitions for tied scalars +Base class definitions for tied scalars =item Tie::SubstrHash @@ -732,37 +985,49 @@ Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing =item Time::Local -efficiently compute time from local and GMT time +Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time =item Time::gmtime -by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function +By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function =item Time::localtime -by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function +By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function =item Time::tm -internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime +Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime =item UNIVERSAL -base class for ALL classes (blessed references) +Base class for ALL classes (blessed references) + +=item Unicode::Collate + +Use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm) + +=item Unicode::UCD + +Unicode character database =item User::grent -by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions +By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions =item User::pwent -by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions +By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions + +=item Win32 + +Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions =back To find out I modules installed on your system, including -those without documentation or outside the standard release, -jus tdo this: +those without documentation or outside the standard release, +just do this: % find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print @@ -778,7 +1043,7 @@ system B command, you might try the B program. Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them, -but may also be be linked in statically. Supported extension modules +but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX. Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not @@ -792,10 +1057,9 @@ like Alta Vista or Deja News. CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style -guides, tricks and trap, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and +guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for -CPAN can be found at http://cpan.perl.com/ and at -http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_perl/cpan-search.pl . +CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/. Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules, some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of @@ -804,66 +1068,87 @@ modules are: =over =item * + Language Extensions and Documentation Tools =item * + Development Support =item * + Operating System Interfaces =item * + Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication =item * + Data Types and Data Type Utilities =item * + Database Interfaces =item * + User Interfaces =item * + Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages =item * + File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles) =item * + String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching =item * + Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing =item * + Internationalization and Locale =item * + Authentication, Security, and Encryption =item * + World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME =item * + Server and Daemon Utilities =item * + Archiving and Compression =item * + Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing =item * + Mail and Usenet News =item * + Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc) =item * + File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities =item * + Miscellaneous Modules =back @@ -871,216 +1156,810 @@ Miscellaneous Modules Registered CPAN sites as of this writing include the following. You should try to choose one close to you: -=over +=head2 Africa -=item Africa - - South Africa ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftpza.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/ - -=item Asia - - China ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Hong Kong ftp://ftp.hkstar.com/pub/CPAN/ - Israel ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/ - Japan ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.lab.kdd.co.jp/lang/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/ - Singapore ftp://ftp.nus.edu.sg/pub/unix/perl/CPAN/ - South Korea ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/ - Taiwan ftp://ftp.wownet.net/pub2/PERL/ - ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/ - Thailand ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ - -=item Australasia - - Australia ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.labyrinth.net.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.sage-au.org.au/pub/compilers/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ - New Zealand ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://sunsite.net.nz/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - -Central America - - Costa Rica ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/ - -=item Europe - - Austria ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Belgium ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/ - Bulgaria ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ - Croatia ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/ - Czech Republic ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/perl/ - ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/Languages/Perl/CPAN/ - Denmark ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Estonia ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Finland ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - France ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/ - Germany ftp://ftp.archive.de.uu.net/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.gmd.de/packages/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/programming/languages/script/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/ - Greece ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/ - Hungary ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ - Ireland ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/ - Italy ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/ - Netherlands ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.EU.net/packages/cpan/ - ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Norway ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/ - ftp://sunsite.uio.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Poland ftp://ftp.man.szczecin.pl/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/ - Portugal ftp://ftp.ci.uminho.pt/pub/mirrors/cpan/ - ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/ - Romania ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/mirrors/perl-cpan/ - ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/ - Russia ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - Slovakia ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - Slovenia ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/ - Spain ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/ - ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/ - Sweden ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - Switzerland ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/ - Turkey ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/ - United Kingdom ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/ - ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk/mirrors/perl-CPAN/ - -=item North America - - Alberta ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/ - California ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/ - Colorado ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ - Florida ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ - Illinois ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ - Indiana ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ - Manitoba ftp://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ - Massachusetts ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/ - Mexico ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/ - Minnesota ftp://ftp.midearthbbs.com/CPAN/ - New York ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ - North Carolina ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/ - Oklahoma ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/ - Ontario ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/packages/lang/perl/CPAN/ - Oregon ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/packages/CPAN/ - Pennsylvania ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/ - Texas ftp://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ - Utah ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/ - Virginia ftp://ftp.perl.org/pub/perl/CPAN/ - ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/ - Washington ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/ - ftp://ftp.spu.edu/pub/CPAN/ - -=item South America - - Brazil ftp://cpan.if.usp.br/pub/mirror/CPAN/ - Chile ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/Lang/perl/CPAN/ +=over 4 -=back +=item * -For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, -see http://www.perl.com/perl/CPAN or ftp://www.perl.com/perl/ . +South Africa -=head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse + ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.mweb.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/ + ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/ -(The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules -file, available at your nearest CPAN site.) +=back -Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a -package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a -namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be -used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its -first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), -or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods). +=head2 Asia -A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same -name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be -called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of -its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be -totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module -might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on -demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to -exist. See L, L, and L for details about -the AUTOLOAD mechanism. +=over 4 -=head2 Guidelines for Module Creation +=item * -=over 4 +China -=item Do similar modules already exist in some form? + ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + http://www2.linuxforum.net/mirror/CPAN/ + http://CPAN.pacific.net.hk/ + ftp://ftp.pacific.net.hk/pub/mirror/CPAN/ + http://cpan.shellhung.org/ + ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN -If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or -by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not -practical try to get together with the module authors to work on -extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules. -A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing -with command line options. +=item * -If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of -modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It -helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction -scheme as the original author. +India -=item Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse. + http://cpan.in.freeos.com + ftp://cpan.in.freeos.com/pub/CPAN/ -Always use B<-w>. +=item * -Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless -into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor, -e.g.,: +Indonesia - sub new { - my $class = shift; - return bless {}, $class; - } + http://cpan.itb.web.id/ + ftp://mirrors.piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/ + http://CPAN.mweb.co.id/ + ftp://ftp.mweb.co.id/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ -or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static -or a virtual method. +=item * - sub new { - my $self = shift; - my $class = ref($self) || $self; - return bless {}, $class; - } +Israel -Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later -(it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where -appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones. -Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate. + http://www.iglu.org.il:/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.lerner.co.il/ + http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Japan + + ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN + ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/ + http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/ + ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/ + ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Korea + + http://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN + ftp://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN + +=item * + +Philippines + + http://www.adzu.edu.ph/CPAN + +=item * + +Russian Federation + + http://cpan.tomsk.ru + ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/pub/CPAN + +=item * + +Saudi Arabia + + ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Singapore + + http://cpan.hjc.edu.sg + +=item * + +South Korea + + http://CPAN.bora.net/ + ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/ + http://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Taiwan + + ftp://coda.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN + ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/ + http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Thailand + + http://download.nectec.or.th/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/languages/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=back + +=head2 Central America + +=over 4 + +=item * + +Costa Rica + + ftp://ftp.linux.co.cr/mirrors/CPAN/ + http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/ + +=back + +=head2 Europe + +=over 4 + +=item * + +Austria + + ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Belgium + + http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.skynet.be + ftp://ftp.skynet.be/pub/CPAN + ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Bulgaria + + ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Croatia + + ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Czech Republic + + http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Denmark + + http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/ + ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/ + http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/ + ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/ + +=item * + +England + + http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN + ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + http://cpan.crazygreek.co.uk + ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/ + http://mirror.uklinux.net/CPAN/ + ftp://mirror.uklinux.net/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Estonia + + ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Finland + + ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + http://cpan.kpnqwest.fi/ + +=item * + +France + + ftp://cpan.ftp.worldonline.fr/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/ + ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/ + ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ + http://fr.cpan.org/ + ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/ + http://cpan.cict.fr/ + ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Germany + + ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN + ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/CPAN/ + http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.noris.de/ + ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Greece + + ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN + ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/ + +=item * + +Hungary + + http://cpan.artifact.hu/ + ftp://cpan.artifact.hu/CPAN/ + http://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Iceland + + http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Ireland + + http://cpan.indigo.ie/ + ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/ + http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/ + ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/ + +=item * + +Italy + + http://cpan.nettuno.it/ + http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/ + ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN + http://softcity.iol.it/cpan + ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan + ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/ + ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Latvia + + http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Lithuania + + ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Netherlands + + ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/ + ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/cpan/ + ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/ + http://www.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Norway + + ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN + ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/ + +=item * + +Poland + + ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ + http://www.fic.uni.lodz.pl/pub/CPAN + ftp://ftp.fic.uni.lodz.pl/pub/CPAN + ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.com/ + ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/ + ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Portugal + + ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.ip.pt/ + ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/perl/ + ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.ip.pt/ + ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/ + ftp://ftp.netc.pt/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.up.pt/pub/CPAN + +=item * + +Romania + + ftp://archive.logicnet.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/ + ftp://ftp.opsynet.com/cpan/ + ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN + ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Russia + + ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ + http://cpan.rinet.ru/ + ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/ + ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Slovakia + + ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Slovenia + + ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Spain + + ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/ + +=item * + +Sweden + + http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN + ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Switzerland + + ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/ + ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Turkey + + ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Ukraine + + http://cpan.org.ua/ + ftp://cpan.org.ua/ + ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/ + +=back + +=head2 North America + +=over 4 + +=item * + +Canada + +=over 8 + +=item * + +Alberta + + http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/ + ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Manitoba + + http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Nova Scotia + + ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Ontario + + ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Quebec + + http://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/ + ftp://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/pub/CPAN + +=back + +=item * + +Mexico + + http://cpan.azc.uam.mx + ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN + http://cpan.unam.mx/ + ftp://cpan.unam.mx/pub/CPAN + http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +United States + +=over 8 + +=item * + +Alabama + + http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ + ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ + +=item * + +California + + http://www.cpan.org/ + ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/ + http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN + ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/ + http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/ + ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN + http://cpan.digisle.net/ + ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN + http://www.linuxjar.com/CPAN + ftp://linuxjar.com/pub/CPAN + http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ + http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Colorado + + ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +District of Columbia + + ftp://ftp.dc.us.telia.net/pub/cpan/ + +=item * + +Florida + + ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ + http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Illinois + + http://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/ + ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/ + +=item * + +Indiana + + ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ + http://cpan.nitco.com/ + ftp://cpan.nitco.com/pub/CPAN/ + http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/ + ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/ + ftp://cpan.in-span.net/ + http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN + ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN + +=item * + +Kentucky + + http://cpan.uky.edu/ + ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Massachusetts + + ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ + http://cpan.mirrors.netnumina.com/ + ftp://mirrors.netnumina.com/cpan/ + ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Michigan + + ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/ + +=item * + +New Jersey + + ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +New York + + ftp://ftp.freesoftware.com/pub/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/ + http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ + ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ + ftp://mirrors.cloud9.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +North Carolina + + ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/ + +=item * + +Ohio + + ftp://ftp.loaded.net/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Oklahoma + + ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Oregon + + ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN + +=item * + +Pennsylvania + + http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/ + http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Tennessee + + ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Texas + + http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Utah + + ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Virginia + + http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/ + ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/ + ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/ + http://perl.Liquidation.com/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Washington + + http://cpan.llarian.net/ + ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/ + http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/ + ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/ + +=back + +=back + +=head2 Oceania + +=over 4 + +=item * + +Australia + + http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/ + +=item * + +New Zealand + ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/ + +=back + +=head2 South America + +=over 4 + +=item * + +Argentina + + ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Brazil + + ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/ + ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/ + +=item * + +Chile + + ftp://ftp.psinet.cl/pub/programming/perl/CPAN/ + ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/perl/ + +=back + + +For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, +see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES . + +=head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse + +(The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules +file, available at your nearest CPAN site.) + +Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a +package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a +namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be +used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its +first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), +or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods). + +A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same +name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be +called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of +its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be +totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module +might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on +demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to +exist. See L, L, and L for details about +the AUTOLOAD mechanism. + +=head2 Guidelines for Module Creation + +=over 4 + +=item * + +Do similar modules already exist in some form? + +If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or +by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not +practical try to get together with the module authors to work on +extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules. +A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing +with command line options. + +If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of +modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It +helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction +scheme as the original author. + +=item * + +Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse. + +Try to C (or C). +Remember that you can add C to individual blocks +of code that need less warnings. + +Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless +into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor, +e.g.,: + + sub new { + my $class = shift; + return bless {}, $class; + } + +or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static +or a virtual method. + + sub new { + my $self = shift; + my $class = ref($self) || $self; + return bless {}, $class; + } + +Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later +(it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where +appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones. +Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate. Avoid class name tests like: C. Generally you can delete the C part with no harm at all. Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired class names as far as possible. -Avoid C<$r-EClass::func()> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and -C<$r-Efunc()> would work (see L for more details). +Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and +C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L for more details). Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to @@ -1098,19 +1977,21 @@ Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state information in objects. -Always use B<-w>. +Always use B<-w>. Try to C (or C). Remember that you can add C to individual blocks -of code that need less strictness. +of code that need less strictness. -Always use B<-w>. +Always use B<-w>. Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual. Always use B<-w>. -=item Some simple style guidelines +=item * + +Some simple style guidelines The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points. @@ -1137,12 +2018,14 @@ or nature of a variable. For example: $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase. -e.g., C<$obj-Eas_string()>. +e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>. You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or function should not be used outside the package that defined it. -=item Select what to export. +=item * + +Select what to export. Do NOT export method names! @@ -1153,7 +2036,7 @@ export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes. Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the -module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<$blessed_ref-Emethod>) +module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>) syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use. @@ -1166,7 +2049,9 @@ As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution. -=item Select a name for the module. +=item * + +Select a name for the module. This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or @@ -1190,11 +2075,19 @@ If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in those modules. +If developing modules for private internal or project specific use, +that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure +that their names will not clash with any future public module. You +can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by +using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*. + To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier. -=item Have you got it right? +=item * + +Have you got it right? How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have @@ -1213,7 +2106,9 @@ Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you! -=item README and other Additional Files. +=item * + +README and other Additional Files. It's well known that software developers usually fully document the software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of @@ -1223,24 +2118,31 @@ documentation please at least provide a README file containing: =over 10 =item * + A description of the module/package/extension etc. =item * + A copyright notice - see below. =item * + Prerequisites - what else you may need to have. =item * + How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc. =item * + How to install it. =item * + Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities =item * + Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future. =back @@ -1251,7 +2153,9 @@ Copying, ToDo etc. =over 4 -=item Adding a Copyright Notice. +=item * + +Adding a Copyright Notice. How you choose to license your work is a personal decision. The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make @@ -1272,7 +2176,9 @@ This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files. Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright. -=item Give the module a version/issue/release number. +=item * + +Give the module a version/issue/release number. To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you should store your module's version number in a non-my package @@ -1286,14 +2192,16 @@ Use the number in announcements and archive file names when releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z). See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details. -=item How to release and distribute a module. +=item * + +How to release and distribute a module. It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off distribution. -If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should +If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should include details of its location in your announcement. Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file @@ -1307,16 +2215,17 @@ location. FTP Archives for Perl Modules: -Follow the instructions and links on +Follow the instructions and links on: - http://franz.ww.tu-berlin.de/modulelist + http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html + http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html or upload to one of these sites: - ftp://franz.ww.tu-berlin.de/incoming - ftp://ftp.cis.ufl.edu/incoming + https://pause.kbx.de/pause/ + http://pause.perl.org/pause/ -and notify >. +and notify . By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on @@ -1324,7 +2233,9 @@ CPAN! Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list! -=item Take care when changing a released module. +=item * + +Take care when changing a released module. Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions. Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the @@ -1338,26 +2249,34 @@ old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes. =over 4 -=item There is no requirement to convert anything. +=item * + +There is no requirement to convert anything. If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that. -=item Consider the implications. +=item * + +Consider the implications. All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time? -=item Make the most of the opportunity. +=item * + +Make the most of the opportunity. If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module creation above include many of the issues you should consider. -=item The pl2pm utility will get you started. +=item * + +The pl2pm utility will get you started. This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following: @@ -1365,15 +2284,19 @@ corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following: =over 10 =item * + Adds the standard Module prologue lines =item * + Converts package specifiers from ' to :: =item * + Converts die(...) to croak(...) =item * + Several other minor changes =back @@ -1388,18 +2311,28 @@ Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works! =over 4 -=item Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library. +=item * + +Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library. + +=item * -=item Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused. +Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused. Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy to reuse. -=item Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files. +=item * + +Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files. + +=item * + +Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces. -=item Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces. +=item * -=item In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small +In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases the application could invoked as: