X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperl591delta.pod;h=400f90f893580b3085a1bfaca2f33406b4cf3d7e;hb=8886331dd4b839d5227a0a7455922ad41c74f30f;hp=9f5b628e4e5d073143257ee3dbb328e0602f613f;hpb=1400179bb96df41bb2e0f27ebfd439c299b0cec2;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perl591delta.pod b/pod/perl591delta.pod index 9f5b628..400f90f 100644 --- a/pod/perl591delta.pod +++ b/pod/perl591delta.pod @@ -4,17 +4,48 @@ perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.1 =head1 DESCRIPTION -This document describes differences between the 5.9.0 release and -the 5.9.1 release. +This document describes differences between the 5.9.0 and the 5.9.1 +development releases. See L for the differences between +5.8.0 and 5.9.0. =head1 Incompatible Changes +=head2 substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length + +The lvalues returned by the three argument form of substr() used to be a +"fixed length window" on the original string. In some cases this could +cause surprising action at distance or other undefined behaviour. Now the +length of the window adjusts itself to the length of the string assigned to +it. + +=head2 The C<:unique> attribute is only meaningful for globals + +Now applying C<:unique> to lexical variables and to subroutines will +result in a compilation error. + =head1 Core Enhancements +=head2 Lexical C<$_> + +The default variable C<$_> can now be lexicalized, by declaring it like +any other lexical variable, with a simple + + my $_; + +The operations that default on C<$_> will use the lexically-scoped +version of C<$_> when it exists, instead of the global C<$_>. + +In a C or a C block, if C<$_> was previously my'ed, then the +C<$_> inside the block is lexical as well (and scoped to the block). + +In a scope where C<$_> has been lexicalized, you can still have access to +the global version of C<$_> by using C<$::_>, or, more simply, by +overriding the lexical declaration with C. + =head2 Tied hashes in scalar context -As of perl 5.8.2, tied hashes did not return anything useful in scalar -context, for example when used as boolean tests: +As of perl 5.8.2/5.9.0, tied hashes did not return anything useful in +scalar context, for example when used as boolean tests: if (%tied_hash) { ... } @@ -27,37 +58,251 @@ L). Without a SCALAR method, perl will try to guess whether the hash is empty, by testing if it's inside an iteration (in this case it can't be empty) or by calling FIRSTKEY. +=head2 Formats + +Formats were improved in several ways. A new field, C<^*>, can be used for +variable-width, one-line-at-a-time text. Null characters are now handled +correctly in picture lines. Using C<@#> and C<~~> together will now +produce a compile-time error, as those format fields are incompatible. +L has been improved, and miscellaneous bugs fixed. + +=head2 Stacked filetest operators + +As a new form of syntactic sugar, it's now possible to stack up filetest +operators. You can now write C<-f -w -x $file> in a row to mean +C<-x $file && -w _ && -f _>. See L. + =head1 Modules and Pragmata +=over 4 + +=item Benchmark + +In C, cmpthese() and timestr() now use the time statistics of +children instead of parent when the selected style is 'nop'. + +=item Carp + +The error messages produced by C now include spaces between the +arguments in function argument lists: this makes long error messages +appear more nicely in browsers and other tools. + +=item Exporter + +C will now recognize grouping tags (such as C<:name>) anywhere +in the import list, not only at the beginning. + +=item FindBin + +A function C is provided to resolve problems where modules in different +directories wish to use FindBin. + +=item List::Util + +You can now weaken references to read only values. + +=item threads::shared + +C has a new two argument form. C has been added. + +=back + =head1 Utility Changes C now assumes C<-print> as a default action. Previously, it needed to be specified explicitly. -=head1 New Documentation +A new utility, C, makes it easy to run an individual regression test +at the command line. C is part of Test::Harness, which users of earlier +Perl versions can install from CPAN. + +The perl debugger now supports a C command, to save the current +history to a file, and an C command, which prints the inheritance tree +of its argument (if the C module is installed.) + +=head1 Documentation + +The documentation has been revised in places to produce more standard manpages. + +The long-existing feature of C regexps setting C<$_> and pos() +is now documented. =head1 Performance Enhancements -=head1 Installation and Configuration Improvements +Sorting arrays in place (C<@a = sort @a>) is now optimized to avoid +making a temporary copy of the array. + +The operations involving case mapping on UTF-8 strings (uc(), lc(), +C, etc.) have been greatly speeded up. + +Access to elements of lexical arrays via a numeric constant between 0 and +255 is now faster. (This used to be only the case for global arrays.) =head1 Selected Bug Fixes +=head2 UTF-8 bugs + +Using substr() on a UTF-8 string could cause subsequent accesses on that +string to return garbage. This was due to incorrect UTF-8 offsets being +cached, and is now fixed. + +join() could return garbage when the same join() statement was used to +process 8 bit data having earlier processed UTF-8 data, due to the flags +on that statement's temporary workspace not being reset correctly. This +is now fixed. + +Using Unicode keys with tied hashes should now work correctly. + +chop() and chomp() used to mangle UTF-8 strings. This has been fixed. + +sprintf() used to misbehave when the format string was in UTF-8. This is +now fixed. + +=head2 Threading bugs + +Hashes with the C<:unique> attribute weren't made read-only in new +threads. They are now. + +=head2 More bugs + +C<$a .. $b> will now work as expected when either $a or $b is C. + +Reading $^E now preserves $!. Previously, the C code implementing $^E +did not preserve C, so reading $^E could cause C and therefore +C<$!> to change unexpectedly. + +C wasn't in effect in regexp-eval blocks (C). + =head1 New or Changed Diagnostics +A new deprecation warning, I, +has been added, to warn against the use of the dubious and deprecated +construct + + my $x if 0; + +See L. + +The fatal error I is now +documented in L. + +A new error, I<%ENV is aliased to %s>, is produced when taint checks are +enabled and when C<*ENV> has been aliased (and thus doesn't reflect the +program's environment anymore.) + =head1 Changed Internals -=head1 New Tests +These news matter to you only if you either write XS code or like to +know about or hack Perl internals (using Devel::Peek or any of the +C modules counts), or like to run Perl with the C<-D> option. + +=head2 Reordering of SVt_* constants + +The relative ordering of constants that define the various types of C +have changed; in particular, C has been moved before C, +C, C and C. This is unlikely to make any +difference unless you have code that explicitly makes assumptions about that +ordering. (The inheritance hierarchy of C objects has been changed +to reflect this.) + +=head2 Removal of CPP symbols + +The C preprocessor symbols C and +C, which were supposed to give the version number of +the oldest perl binary-compatible (resp. source-compatible) with the +present one, were not used, and sometimes had misleading values. They have +been removed. + +=head2 Less space is used by ops + +The C structure now uses less space. The C field has been +removed and replaced by two one-bit fields, C and C. +C is now 9 bits long. (Consequently, the C class doesn't +provide an C method anymore.) + +=head2 New parser + +perl's parser is now generated by bison (it used to be generated by +byacc.) As a result, it seems to be a bit more robust. + +=head1 Configuration and Building + +C now invokes callbacks regardless of the value of the variable +they are called for. Previously callbacks were only invoked in the +C branch. This change should only affect platform +maintainers writing configuration hints files. + +The portability and cleanliness of the Win32 makefiles has been improved. =head1 Known Problems -=head1 Platform Specific Problems +There are still a couple of problems in the implementation of the lexical +C<$_>: it doesn't work inside C blocks and with regard to the +reverse() built-in used without arguments. (See the TODO tests in +F.) + +=head2 Platform Specific Problems + +The test F may fail on OpenBSD. This hasn't been +diagnosed yet. + +On some configurations on AIX 5, one test in F fails. +When configured with long doubles, perl may fail tests 224-236 in +F on the same platform. + +For threaded builds, F has been reported to +fail some tests on HP-UX 10.20. + +=head1 To-do for perl 5.10.0 + +This is a non-exhaustive, non-ordered, non-contractual and non-definitive +list of things to do (or nice to have) for perl 5.10.0 : + +Clean up and finish support for assertions. See L. + +Reimplement the mechanism of lexical pragmas to be more extensible. Fix +current pragmas that don't work well (or at all) with lexical scopes or in +run-time eval(STRING) (C, C, C for example). MJD has a +preliminary patch that implements this. + +Fix (or rewrite) the implementation of the C closures. + +Conversions from byte strings to UTF-8 currently map high bit characters +to Unicode without translation (or, depending on how you look at it, by +implicitly assuming that the byte strings are in Latin-1). As perl assumes +the C locale by default, upgrading a string to UTF-8 may change the +meaning of its contents regarding character classes, case mapping, etc. +This should probably emit a warning (at least). + +Introduce a new special block, UNITCHECK, which is run at the end of a +compilation unit (module, file, eval(STRING) block). This will correspond to +the Perl 6 CHECK. Perl 5's CHECK cannot be changed or removed because the +O.pm/B.pm backend framework depends on it. + +Study the possibility of adding a new prototype character, C<_>, meaning +"this argument defaults to $_". + +Make the peephole optimizer optional. + +Allow lexical aliases (maybe via the syntax C. + +Fix the bugs revealed by running the test suite with the C<-t> switch (via +C). + +Make threads more robust. + +Make C and C work (opposite of C, etc.). + +A test suite for the B module would be nice. + +A ponie. =head1 Reporting Bugs If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the articles recently posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup and the perl bug database at http://bugs.perl.org/ . There may also be -information at http://www.perl.com/ , the Perl Home Page. +information at http://www.perl.org/ , the Perl Home Page. If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the B program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down