SDL::CookBook::PDL -- CookBook for SDL + PDL
PDL provides great number crunching capabilities to Perl and SDL provides game-developer quality real-time bitmapping and sound. You can use PDL and SDL ''together'' to create real-time, responsive animations and simulations. In this section we will go through the pleasures and pitfalls of working with both powerhouse libraries.
-Please be aware that much of the code in this example uses SDL Perl v 2.2.4. The SDL Perl developers are hard at work rewriting SDL, to be released as SDL 3.0 soon. The new version of SDL is not backwards compatible. Check back with this page after SDL 3.0 has been released to get the updated commands.
+ +Cookbook
SDL stands for Simple DirectMedia Layer. It's a cross-platform library written in C that's meant to handle all of the low-level graphics and sound stuff. You can read more about SDL here: http://www.libsdl.org/. Because SDL is focused on game programming, it has a raw but clean feel to it. We will focus for now on using SDL to handle images for us. Handling sound may some day be the focus of another chapter.
We will be using Perl's SDL module, not SDL directly. Fortunately, Perl's SDL module has a small collection of very simple tutorials that perfectly introduce basic usage. You can find them here: http://sdl.perl.org/tutorials/. Another excellent and very substantial introduction can be found here: http://arstechnica.com/gaming/news/2006/02/games-perl.ars
SDL is not a Perl core module, so you'll need to install it before moving forward. Before moving on, go through some of the tutorials and play around with SDL a little bit. Continue on once you think you've got the hang of it.
@@ -63,6 +67,7 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing use SDL::App; use SDL::Rect; use SDL::Color; + use SDL::Video; # User defined pen-nib size. my $nib_size = 3; @@ -77,18 +82,19 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing # our nib will be white my $nib_color = SDL::Color->new( - -r => 0xff, - -g => 0xff, - -b => 0xff, + 0xff, #r + 0xff, #b + 0xff, #g ); # and our nib will be represented by a rectangle # (Alternatively, you could use an image, which would allow # for pretty anti-aliasing if you created it in GIMP with # antialiasing) - my $nib = SDL::Rect->new( - -height => $nib_size, - -width => $nib_size, + my $nib = SDL::Rect->new( + 0 , 0, #x, y + $nib_size, #w + $nib_size, #h ); # now draw a sine wave (wthout covering up previously drawn rectangles) @@ -98,12 +104,12 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing $nib->x( $t * 8 ); $nib->y( sin($t) * 80 + 240 ); - $app->fill( $nib, $nib_color ); + SDL::Video::fill_rect($app, $nib, $nib_color ); } # Generally use the update command, but if you want to update the whole # surface, use flip - $app->flip() + SDL::Video::fill_rect($app,) sleep 5; @@ -152,18 +158,19 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing use SDL::App; use SDL::Rect; use SDL::Color; + use SDL::Video; # Create the SDL App my $app = SDL::App->new( -width => $side_length, -height => $side_length, -title => "Simple Simulation!", -depth => 16, ); # white particles on a black background - my $particle_color = SDL::Color->new( -r => 0xff, -g => 0xff, -b => 0xff, ); - my $bg_color = SDL::Color->new( -r => 0x00, -g => 0x00, -b => 0x00, ); + my $particle_color = SDL::Color->new( 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, ); + my $bg_color = SDL::Color->new( 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 ); # rectangles for the particles and the background - my $particle = SDL::Rect->new( -height => 5, -width => 5, ); - my $bg = SDL::Rect->new( -height => $side_length, -width => $side_length, ); + my $particle = SDL::Rect->new( 0,0, 5, 5); + my $bg = SDL::Rect->new( 0,0,$side_length, $side_length, );Hopefully this is straightforward code. We pull in our library dependencies and then create a few objects with the necessary properties. Finally, we get to the actual application loop:
@@ -173,13 +180,13 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing compute(); # Clean the canvas - $app->fill( $bg, $bg_color); + SDL::Video::fill_rect($app, $bg, $bg_color); for(my $i = 0; $i < $numb_of_atoms; $i++) { $particle->x( $positions->at(0,$i) ); $particle->y( $positions->at(1,$i) ); - $app->fill( $particle, $particle_color ); + SDL::Video::fill_rect($app, $particle, $particle_color ); } - $app->flip(); + SDL::Video::flip($app); $app->delay(10); } @@ -236,9 +243,9 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing for(my $i = 0; $i < $numb_of_atoms; $i++) {
$particle->x( $positions->at(0,$i) );
$particle->y( $positions->at(1,$i) );
- $particle->height( $particle_size );
- $particle->width( $particle_size );
- $app->fill( $particle, $particle_color );
+ $particle->h( $particle_size );
+ $particle->w( $particle_size );
+ SDL::Video::fill_rect($app, $particle, $particle_color );
}
@@ -376,31 +383,32 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing
use SDL::App;
use SDL::Rect;
use SDL::Color;
+ use SDL::Video;
# Create the SDL App
my $app = SDL::App->new( -width => $side_length, -height => $side_length,
-title => "Simple Simulation!", -depth => 16, );
# white particles on a black background
- my $particle_color = SDL::Color->new( -r => 0xff, -g => 0xff, -b => 0xff, );
- my $bg_color = SDL::Color->new( -r => 0x00, -g => 0x00, -b => 0x00, );
+ my $particle_color = SDL::Color->new( 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, );
+ my $bg_color = SDL::Color->new( 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 );
# rectangles for the particles and the background
- my $particle = SDL::Rect->new( -height => 5, -width => 5, );
- my $bg = SDL::Rect->new( -height => $side_length, -width => $side_length, );
+ my $particle = SDL::Rect->new( 0,0, 5, 5);
+ my $bg = SDL::Rect->new( 0,0,$side_length, $side_length, );
# Run the simulation
for(my $t = 0; $t < 20; $t += $d_t) {
MyCompute::compute();
# Clean the canvas
- $app->fill( $bg, $bg_color);
+ SDL::Video::fill_rect($app, $bg, $bg_color);
for(my $i = 0; $i < $numb_of_atoms; $i++) {
$particle->x( $positions->at(0,$i) );
$particle->y( $positions->at(1,$i) );
- $app->fill( $particle, $particle_color );
+ SDL::Video::fill_rect($app, $particle, $particle_color );
}
- $app->flip();
+ SDL::Video::flip($app);
$app->delay(10);
}
@@ -411,11 +419,12 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing
To respond to user interactions, we have to listen to user events using an SDL::Event object. So first, add this line with our other use statements:
-use SDL::Event; +use SDL::Event; + use SDL::Events;and then be sure to create an event object amongst the animation initialization code:
-my $event = new SDL::Event; +my $event = SDL::Event->new;Finally, we need to update the application loop so that it examines and responds to events. Replace the current application loop with this code:
@@ -424,14 +433,14 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing MyCompute::compute(); # Clean the canvas - $app->fill( $bg, $bg_color); + SDL::Video::fill_rect($app, $bg, $bg_color); for(my $i = 0; $i < $numb_of_atoms; $i++) { $particle->x( $positions->at(0,$i) ); $particle->y( $positions->at(1,$i) ); - $app->fill( $particle, $particle_col10); + SDL::Video::fill_rect($app, $particle, $particle_col10); - while($event->poll()) { - if($event->type() =head1 SDL_QUIT) { + while(SDL::Events::poll_event($event) ) { + if($event->type() == SDL_QUIT) { exit; } } @@ -457,14 +466,14 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing sub incr_particle_size { $particle_size++; - $particle->height($particle_size); - $particle->width($particle_size); + $particle->h($particle_size); + $particle->w($particle_size); } sub decr_particle_size { $particle_size-- if $particle_size > 1; - $particle->height($particle_size); - $particle->width($particle_size); + $particle->h($particle_size); + $particle->w($particle_size); } @@ -475,21 +484,21 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing MyCompute::compute(); # Clean the canvas - $app->fill( $bg, $bg_color); + SDL::Video::fill_rect($app, $bg, $bg_color); for(my $i = 0; $i < $numb_of_atoms; $i++) { $particle->x( $positions->at(0,$i) ); $particle->y( $positions->at(1,$i) ); - $app->fill( $particle, $particle_color ); + SDL::Video::fill_rect($app, $particle, $particle_color ); } - $app->flip(); + SDL::Video::flip($app); $app->delay(10); - while($event->poll()) { - if($event->type() =head1 SDL_QUIT) { + while(SDL::Events::poll_event($event) ) { + if($event->type() == SDL_QUIT) { exit; - } elsif($event->type() =head1 SDL_KEYDOWN) { - if(exists $keyname_dispatch_table->{$event->key_name()}) { - $keyname_dispatch_table->{$event->key_name()}->(); + } elsif($event->type() == SDL_QUIT) { + if(exists $keyname_dispatch_table->{$event->keysym_name()}) { + $keyname_dispatch_table->{$event->keysym_name()}->(); } } } @@ -553,22 +562,24 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing use SDL::App; use SDL::Rect; use SDL::Color; - use SDL::Event; + use SDL::Video; + use SDL::Event; + use SDL::Events; # Create the SDL App my $app = SDL::App->new( -width => $side_length, -height => $side_length, -title => "Simple Simulation!", -depth => 16, ); # white particles on a black background - my $particle_color = SDL::Color->new( -r => 0xff, -g => 0xff, -b => 0xff, ); - my $bg_color = SDL::Color->new( -r => 0x00, -g => 0x00, -b => 0x00, ); + my $particle_color = SDL::Color->new( 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, ); + my $bg_color = SDL::Color->new( 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 ); # rectangles for the particles and the background - my $particle = SDL::Rect->new( -height => 5, -width => 5, ); - my $bg = SDL::Rect->new( -height => $side_length, -width => $side_length, ); + my $particle = SDL::Rect->new( 0,0, 5, 5); + my $bg = SDL::Rect->new( 0,0,$side_length, $side_length, ); # event listener - my $event = new SDL::Event; + my $event = SDL::Event->new(); # event dispatch table my $keyname_dispatch_table = { @@ -582,14 +593,14 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing sub incr_particle_size { $particle_size++; - $particle->height($particle_size); - $particle->width($particle_size); + $particle->h($particle_size); + $particle->w($particle_size); } sub decr_particle_size { $particle_size-- if $particle_size > 1; - $particle->height($particle_size); - $particle->width($particle_size); + $particle->h($particle_size); + $particle->w($particle_size); } @@ -600,21 +611,21 @@ Some of the particles can drift off the screen. This is no good. What's causing MyCompute::compute(); # Clean the canvas - $app->fill( $bg, $bg_color); + SDL::Video::fill_rect($app, $bg, $bg_color); for(my $i = 0; $i < $numb_of_atoms; $i++) { $particle->x( $positions->at(0,$i) ); $particle->y( $positions->at(1,$i) ); - $app->fill( $particle, $particle_color ); + SDL::Video::fill_rect($app, $particle, $particle_color ); } - $app->flip(); + SDL::Video::flip($app); $app->delay(10); - while($event->poll()) { - if($event->type() =head1 SDL_QUIT) { + while(SDL::Events::poll_event($event) ) { + if($event->type() == SDL_QUIT) { exit; - } elsif($event->type() =head1 SDL_KEYDOWN) { - if(exists $keyname_dispatch_table->{$event->key_name()}) { - $keyname_dispatch_table->{$event->key_name()}->(); + } elsif($event->type() == SDL_QUIT) { + if(exists $keyname_dispatch_table->{$event->keysym_name()}) { + $keyname_dispatch_table->{$event->keysym_name()}->(); } } }