X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=moose-class%2Fslides%2Findex.html;h=df47d7da6a22df25d3ad0adb40ca39d19134259d;hb=f5cc2f3e2e4b43900ab65afe4f5289d6ea551915;hp=b11b1c6cbda55add589ee139b717a76a481e2036;hpb=b59551bc92b3af33b02c0b3ffa4a2d0e1227be3d;p=gitmo%2Fmoose-presentations.git diff --git a/moose-class/slides/index.html b/moose-class/slides/index.html index b11b1c6..df47d7d 100644 --- a/moose-class/slides/index.html +++ b/moose-class/slides/index.html @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ img#me05 {top: 43px;left: 36px;} @@ -262,7 +275,7 @@ has weight => ( ); # kaboom -Person->new( weight => 'fat' ); +Person->new( weight => 'heavy' );
@@ -284,11 +297,11 @@ use Moose; has blog_uri => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'URI', - handles => { 'blog_hostname' => 'host' }, + handles => { 'blog_host' => 'host' }, ); -$person->blog_hostname; -# really calls $person->blog_uri->host +$person->blog_host; +# really calls $person->blog_uri->host
@@ -829,6 +842,16 @@ has last_name => ( );
+
+

More Why Moose?

+ + +
+

Part 1: Moose Classes

@@ -869,7 +892,7 @@ use Moose;

BUILDARGS

@@ -1081,8 +1107,7 @@ has first_name => ( is => 'ro' ); my $person = Person->new( first_name => 'Dave' ); -$person->first_name('Stevan'); -print $person->first_name; # Dave +$person->first_name('Stevan'); # dies @@ -1101,7 +1126,7 @@ print $person->first_name; # Dave use Moose; # true -Person->can('extends'); +Person->can('extends'); + + +
+

Basic Attributes Summary

+ +
@@ -2202,18 +2206,18 @@ Iterate til this passes all its tests
-

What is a Method Modifier

+

What Are Method Modifiers For?

@@ -2257,7 +2261,8 @@ before work => sub { my $self = shift; return unless $DEBUG; - warn "Called work on ", $self->full_name, + warn "Called work on ", + $self->full_name, "with the arguments: [@_]\n"; }; @@ -2289,19 +2294,17 @@ after work => sub {
-

Other Uses Example

+

More Modifier Examples

has password => (
      is      => 'rw',
      clearer => 'clear_password',
 );
-
 has hashed_password => (
      is      => 'ro',
      builder => '_build_hashed_password',
      clearer => '_clear_hashed_password',
 );
-
 after clear_password => sub {
     my $self = shift;
     $self->_clear_hashed_password;
@@ -2341,8 +2344,7 @@ after clear_password => sub {
         $self->$orig(
             $self->_munge_insert(@_) );
 
-    $new_user->_assign_uri;
-
+    $new_user->_assign_uri;
     return $new_user;
 };
@@ -2351,7 +2353,7 @@ after clear_password => sub {

Modifier Order

@@ -2406,6 +2408,7 @@ around run => sub { @@ -2414,21 +2417,21 @@ around run => sub {

Augment and Inner

- 
package Document;
+  
package Document;
 
 sub xml { '<doc>' . inner() . '</doc>' }
 
 package Report;
 extends 'Document';
-
 augment xml =>
-    sub { title() . inner() . summary() };
+    sub { my $self = shift;
+          $self->title() . inner() . $self->summary() };
 
 package TPSReport;
 extends 'Report';
-
 augment xml =>
-    sub { tps_xml() . inner() };

+    sub { my $self = shift;
+          $self->tps_xml() . inner() };
@@ -2507,7 +2510,8 @@ extends 'Report';

Exercises

# cd exercises
-# perl bin/prove -lv t/04-method-modifiers.t
+# perl bin/prove -lv \
+      t/04-method-modifiers.t
 
 Iterate til this passes all its tests
@@ -2549,11 +2553,11 @@ Item Undef Defined Value - Num - Int - Str - ClassName - RoleName + Str + Num + Int + ClassName + RoleName @@ -2563,6 +2567,7 @@ Item 
 (Item)
     (Defined)
+        (Value)
         Ref
             ScalarRef
             ArrayRef[`a]
@@ -2570,7 +2575,7 @@ Item
             CodeRef
             RegexpRef
             GlobRef
-              FileHandle
+                FileHandle
             Object
@@ -2601,6 +2606,7 @@ undef @@ -2661,8 +2667,9 @@ undef subtype 'PositiveInt', as 'Int', where { $_ > 0 }, - message { "The value you provided ($_)" - . " was not a positive number." }; + message + { "The value you provided ($_)" + . " was not a positive int." }; has size => ( is => 'ro', @@ -2700,9 +2707,11 @@ has start_date => (

Subtype Shortcuts - class_type

use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
-class_type 'DateTime';
+class_type 'DateTime';
-subtype 'DateTime', +
+ +
subtype     'DateTime',
     as      'Object',
     where   { $_->isa('DateTime') },
     message { ... };
@@ -2712,10 +2721,12 @@ subtype 'DateTime',

Subtype Shortcuts - role_type

use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
-role_type 'Printable';
+role_type 'Printable';
-subtype 'Printable', - as 'Object', +
+ +
subtype 'Printable',
+    as  'Object',
     where
         { Moose::Util::does_role(
               $_, 'Printable' ) },
@@ -2726,9 +2737,11 @@ subtype 'Printable',
   
Subtype Shortcuts - duck_type

 
   
use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
-duck_type Car => qw( run break_down );
+duck_type Car => qw( run break_down );

 
-subtype 'Car',
+

+
+
subtype 'Car',
     as      'Object',
     where   { all { $_->can($_) }
               qw( run break_down ) },
@@ -2739,10 +2752,14 @@ subtype 'Car',
   
Subtype Shortcuts - enum

 
   
use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
-enum Color => qw( red blue green ) );
+enum Color => qw( red blue green );

+
+

 
-my %ok = map { $_ => 1 } qw( red blue green );
-subtype 'Color'
+
my %ok = map { $_ => 1 }
+             qw( red blue green );
+
+subtype     'Color'
     as      'Str',
     where   { $ok{$_} },
     message { ... };

@@ -2773,9 +2790,13 @@ has size => (
 
 subtype 'UCStr',
     as    'Str',
-    where { ! /[a-z]/ };
+    where { ! /[a-z]/ };

+
 
-coerce 'UCStr',
+

+  
Coercions

+
+  
coerce 'UCStr',
     from 'Str',
     via  { uc };
 
@@ -2814,18 +2835,15 @@ coerce 'My::DateTime',
     via  { [ $_ ] };

 
   
    
-    
  • Coerce instead of a union like Int | ArrayRef[Int]
    • 
+    
  • Instead of union - Int | ArrayRef[Int]
    • 
   

 

 
-
 

   
Using Types with Attributes

 
   
package Person;
 
-use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
-
 has height => (
     is  => 'rw',
     isa => 'Num',
@@ -2839,6 +2857,37 @@ has favorite_numbers => (
 

 
 

+  
More Droppings

+
+  
    
+    
  • Moose::Util::TypeConstraints also needs cleanup
    • 
+  

+
+  
package Person;
+
+use Moose;
+use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
+
+subtype ...;
+
+no Moose;
+no Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;

+

+
+

+  
Questions So Far?

+
  
+
+

+  
Exercises

+
+  
# cd exercises
+# perl bin/prove -lv t/05-types.t
+
+Iterate til this passes all its tests

+

+
+

   
Typed Methods (Low-tech)

 
   
package Person;
@@ -2851,14 +2900,14 @@ sub work {
             \@_,
             tasks    =>
                 { isa    => 'ArrayRef[Task]',
-                  coerce =>1 },
+                  coerce => 1 },
             can_rest =>
                 { isa     => 'Bool',
                   default => 0 },
         );
-
     ...
 }

+

 
 

   
Typed Methods (High-tech)

@@ -2873,12 +2922,13 @@ sub work {
 
     ...
 }
+

Digression: The Type Registry

    -
  • Types are actually Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint objects
    • +
  • Types are actually Moose::Meta::TypeConstraints objects
  • Stored in an interpreter-global registry mapping names to objects
@@ -2907,7 +2957,6 @@ sub work {

Namespace Fix

use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
-
 subtype 'MyApp::Type::DateTime',
     as 'DateTime';
 
@@ -2973,6 +3022,7 @@ has transaction_history => (
     is  => 'rw',
     isa => ArrayOfInt,
 );
+

MooseX::Types

@@ -2980,7 +3030,7 @@ has transaction_history => (
  • Type names are exported functions, catches typos early
  • Types must be pre-declared
    • -
  • Types are stored with namespaces internally, but externally are short
    • +
  • Types are stored with namespaces internally, but you use short names
  • Import existing Moose types as functions from MooseX::Types::Moose
  • Still need string names for things like ArrayRef['Email::Address']
@@ -2993,9 +3043,9 @@ has transaction_history => (
  • Catches typos at compile time
  • Automatic namespacing
  • One more thing to install and learn
    • -
  • Every name gets types twice (declared and then defined)
    • +
  • Every name is typed twice (declared and then defined)
  • Still stuck with strings when referring to class or role names
    • -
  • Coercion gotcha from earlier still applies to types exported from MooseX::Types::Moose
    • +
  • Coercion gotcha from earlier still applies to types exported from MooseX::Types::Moose
    • @@ -3014,15 +3064,6 @@ has transaction_history => (

    Questions?

    -
    -

    Exercises

    - - 
    # cd exercises
-# perl bin/prove -lv t/05-types.t
-
-Iterate til this passes all its tests
    -
    -

    Part 6: Advanced Attributes

    @@ -3086,7 +3127,8 @@ $alice->friend($bob);     use Moose; has name => ( is => 'ro' ); -has friend => ( is => 'rw', weak_ref => 1 ); +has friend => ( is => 'rw', + weak_ref => 1 ); my $alice = Person->new( name => 'Alice' ); my $bob = Person->new( name => 'Bob' ); @@ -3119,7 +3161,7 @@ $alice->friend($bob);     
    after salary_level => {
     my $self = shift;
-    return unless @_;
+    return unless @_;
     $self->clear_salary;
 };
    @@ -3131,11 +3173,22 @@ $alice->friend($bob);     
    has salary_level => (
     is      => 'rw',
-    trigger => sub { $_[0]->clear_salary },
+    trigger =>
+        sub { $_[0]->clear_salary },
 );
    +

    Trigger Arguments

    + + +
    + +

    Delegation

    @@ -3205,7 +3259,6 @@ has lungs => ( 
    package Person;
 use Moose;
-
 has account => (
     is      => 'ro',
     isa     => 'BankAccount',
@@ -3253,7 +3306,6 @@ has name => (
 
   
    package Auditor;
 use Moose::Role;
-
 sub record_change  { ... }
 sub change_history { ... }
 
@@ -3281,6 +3333,120 @@ has history => (
 
 
 
    
+  
    Native Delegation
    
+
+  
      
+    
    • Delegate to unblessed Perl types
      • 
+    
    • Scalar, array or hash ref, etc
      • 
+    
    • Treat Perl types as objects
      • 
+    
    • Still uses handles
      • 
+    
    • Pretend that native Perl types have methods
      • 
+  
    
+
    
+
+
    
+  
    Native Delegation - Array(Ref)
    
+
+  
      
+    
    • Methods include:
+      
        
+        
      • push
        • 
+        
      • shift
        • 
+        
      • elements - returns all elements
        • 
+        
      • count
        • 
+        
      • is_empty
        • 
+        
      • quite a few more
        • 
+      
      
+    
      • 
+  
    
+
    
+
+
    
+  
    Native Delegation - Array(Ref)
    
+
+  
    package Person;
+use Moose;
+has _favorite_numbers => (
+    traits   => [ 'Array' ],
+    is       => 'bare',
+    isa      => 'ArrayRef[Int]',
+    default  => sub { [] },
+    init_arg => undef,
+    handles  =>
+      { favorite_numbers    => 'elements',
+        add_favorite_number => 'push',
+      },
+);
    
+
    
+
+
    
+  
    Native Delegation - Array(Ref)
    
+
+  
    my $person = Person->new();
+
+$person->add_favorite_number(7);
+$person->add_favorite_number(42);
+
+print "$_\n"
+    for $person->favorite_numbers;
+
+# 7
+# 42
    
+
    
+
+
    
+  
    Native Delegation
    
+
+  
      
+    
    • Native types are ...
+      
        
+        
      • Number - add, mul, ...
        • 
+        
      • String - append, chop, ...
        • 
+        
      • Counter - inc, dec, ...
        • 
+        
      • Bool - set, toggle, ...
        • 
+        
      • Hash - get, set, ...
        • 
+        
      • Array - already saw it
        • 
+        
      • Code - execute and execute_method
        • 
+      
      
+    
      • 
+  
    
+
    
+
+
    
+  
    Curried Delegation
    
+
+  
      
+    
    • A delegation with some preset arguments
      • 
+    
    • Works with object or Native delegation
      • 
+  
    
+
    
+
+
    
+  
    Curried Delegation
    
+
+  
    package Person;
+use Moose;
+has account => (
+    is      => 'ro',
+    isa     => 'BankAccount',
+    handles => {
+        receive_100 =>
+            [ 'deposit', 100 ]
+        give_100    =>
+            [ 'withdraw', 100 ]
+    },
+);
    
+
    
+
+
    
+  
    Curried Delegation
    
+
+  
    $person->receive_100;
+# really is
+$person->account->deposit(100);
    
+
    
+
+
    
   
    Traits and Metaclasses
    
 
   
      
@@ -3305,7 +3471,7 @@ has history => (
   
      Traits and Metaclasses
      
 
   
        
-    
      • Can add/alter/remove attribute parameter (from has)
        • 
+    
      • Can add/alter/remove an attribute parameter (from has)
        • 
     
      • Can change behavior of created attribute
        • 
   
      
 
    
@@ -3323,7 +3489,6 @@ has ssn => (
     isa    => 'Str',
     label  => 'Social Security Number',
 );
-
 print Person->meta
             ->get_attribute('ssn')->label;
    
 
@@ -3342,7 +3507,6 @@ has ssn => (
     isa       => 'Str',
     label     => 'Social Security Number',
 );
-
 print Person->meta
             ->get_attribute('ssn')->label;
    @@ -3365,6 +3529,7 @@ print Person->meta
  • Use weak_ref to avoid circular references
  • Use trigger to do an action post-attribute write
  • Use delegations to hide "internal" objects
    • +
  • Use native delegations to treat Perl types as objects
  • Traits and metaclasses let you extend Moose's core attribute features
    • @@ -3377,22 +3542,15 @@ print Person->meta

    Exercises

    # cd exercises
-# perl bin/prove -lv t/06-advanced-attributes.t
+# perl bin/prove -lv \
+      t/06-advanced-attributes.t
 
 Iterate til this passes all its tests
    -
    -

    Part 7: Introspection

    -
    - -
    -

    Part 8: A Tour of MooseX

    -
    - -
    -

    Part 9: Writing Moose Extensions

    -
    +
    +

    Questions?

    +

    The End

    @@ -3408,8 +3566,204 @@ Iterate til this passes all its tests
  • mailing list - moose@perl.org
  • Slides and exercises are in Moose's git repo:
    - git://jules.scsys.co.uk/gitmo/moose-presentations
    • + git://jules.scsys.co.uk/gitmo/moose-presentations + +
    + + +
    +

    Bonus: A Brief Tour of MooseX

    +
    + +
    +

    Notable MX Modules on CPAN

    + +
      +
    • Not comprehensive
      • +
    • 152 MooseX distributions on CPAN as of 02/02/2010
      • +
    • Some of them are crap
      • +
    +
    + +
    +

    Already Mentioned Several

    + +
      +
    • MooseX::NonMoose - best solution for subclassing non-Moose parents
      • +
    • MooseX::Declare - real Perl 5 OO
      • +
    • MooseX::FollowPBP and MooseX::SemiAffordanceAccessor
      • +
    • MooseX::Params::Validate and MooseX::Method::Signatures
      • +
    • MooseX::Types
      • +
    +
    + +
    +

    MooseX::Declare

    + +
    use MooseX::Declare;
+use 5.10.0; # for say
+
+class Person {
+    has greeting =>
+        ( is => 'ro', isa => 'Str' );
+
+    method speak {
+        say $self->greeting;
+    }
+}
    +
    + +
    +

    MooseX::Declare

    + +
      +
    • Still experimental-ish, but seeing more and more use
      • +
    • Not a source filter!
      • +
    • Hooks into the Perl parser rather than filtering all your code
      • +
    • But not supported by PPI, perltidy, etc.
      • (yet?) +
    +
    + +
    +

    MooseX::StrictConstructor

    + +
      +
    • By default, unknown constructor arguments are ignored
      • +
    • MX::StrictConstructor turns these into an error
      • +
    +
    + +
    +

    MooseX::StrictConstructor

    + + 
    package Person;
+
+use Moose;
+use MooseX::StrictConstructor;
+
+has name => ( is => 'ro' );
+
+Person->new
+    ( nane => 'Ringo Shiina' ); # kaboom
    +
    + +
    +

    MooseX::Traits

    + +
      +
    • Combines object construction and role application
      • +
    • Makes it easy to create one-off customized objects
      • +
    +
    + +
    +

    MooseX::Traits

    + + 
    package MyApp::Thingy;
+use Moose;
+
+with 'MooseX::Traits';
+
+my $thing =
+    MyApp::Thingy->new_with_traits
+        ( traits => [ 'Foo', 'Bar' ],
+          size   => 42 );
    +
    + +
    +

    MooseX::Getopt

    + +
      +
    • Makes command-line interface programs easy!
      • +
    • Construct an object from CLI arguments
      • +
    +
    + +
    +

    MooseX::Getopt

    + + 
    package App::CLI;
+use Moose;
+
+with 'MooseX::Getopt';
+
+has file    =>
+    ( is => 'ro', required => 1 );
+has filters =>
+    ( is => 'ro', isa => 'ArrayRef[Str]' );
+
+sub run { ... }
    +
    + +
    +

    MooseX::Getopt

    + +
      +
    • Then call it like this:
    + +
    #!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use App::CLI;
+
+App::CLI->new_with_options()->run();
    + +
    $ myapp-cli \
+   --file foo \
+   --filters compress \
+   --filters sanitize
    +
    + +
    +

    MooseX::Clone

    + + 
    package Person;
+
+use Moose;
+with 'MooseX::Clone';
+
+my $person = Person->new;
+my $clone  = $person->clone;
    +
    + +
    +

    MooseX::NonMoose

    + +
      +
    • Highly recommended for subclassing non-Moose parents
      • +
    • Gets all the little annoying details right
      • +
    +
    + +
    +

    MooseX::Role::Parameterized

    + + 
    package HasCollection;
+use MooseX::Role::Parameterized;
+parameter type => ( isa     => 'Str',
+                    default => 'Item' );
+role {
+    my $p = shift;
+
+    my $type =
+        'ArrayRef[' . $p->type() . ']';
+    has collection =>
+        ( is  => 'ro',
+          isa => $type );
+};
    +
    + +
    +

    MooseX::Role::Parameterized

    + + 
    package Person;
+
+use Moose;
+with HasCollection => { type => 'Int' };
    +
    + +
    +

    The End (Really)