- Calls
Person->BUILDARGS(@_)
to turn @_
into a hashref
- Blesses a reference
- Populates attributes based on the hashref from #1
@@ -1046,6 +1066,7 @@ use Moose;
- Mostly like
$self->SUPER::work(@_)
- But cannot change
@_
!
- Binds the parent's method at compile time
+ - Parent determined by checking
Child->meta()->superclasses()
@@ -1131,7 +1152,8 @@ Person->can('extends');
No Moose
- no Moose
at the end of a package is a best practice
+ - Cleaning up is a best practice
+ - Say
no Moose
at the end of a package
- Or
use namespace::autoclean
at the top
- Just do it
@@ -1846,7 +1868,8 @@ has packages => (
use Moose;
my $highlander_bank =
- Bank->new( name => 'Spire FCU' );
+ Bank->new(
+ name => 'Clan MacLeod Trust' );
has bank => (
is => 'rw',
@@ -1858,7 +1881,8 @@ has bank => (
Builder
- - A method name which returns the default
+ - A method name
+ - When called, this method returns the default value
@@ -1932,7 +1956,8 @@ has bank => (
use Moose;
has shoe_size => (
- is => 'ro',
+ is => 'ro',
+ required => 'ro',
);
@@ -2185,6 +2210,13 @@ has first_name => (
- Attributes can have a
default
or builder
- Attributes with a default or builder can be
lazy
- Attributes can have a
clearer
and/or predicate
+
+
+
+
+
Basic Attributes Summary
+
+
- An attribute's constructor name can be changed with
init_arg
- A subclass can alter its parents' attributes
- Attribute accessor names can be changed
@@ -2214,18 +2246,18 @@ Iterate til this passes all its tests
- Apply to an existing method
- - ... from a parent class, the current class, or a role
+ - ... that comes from a parent class, the current class, or a role
- Roles can provide modifiers that are applied at composition time
-
What is a Method Modifier
+
What Are Method Modifiers For?
- "Inject" behavior
- Add behavior to generated methods (accessors, delegations)
- - Provide roles which modify existing behavior
+ - Added from a role, can modify existing behavior
@@ -2416,6 +2448,7 @@ around run => sub {
- Inverted
super
- From least- to most-specific
+ - Like Mason's autohandler feature
- Grandparent to parent to child
- Not allowed in roles
@@ -2558,11 +2591,10 @@ Item
Undef
Defined
Value
- Num
- Int
- Str
- ClassName
- RoleName
+ Str
+ Num
+ Int
+ ClassName
@@ -2572,6 +2604,7 @@ Item
(Item)
(Defined)
+ (Value)
Ref
ScalarRef
ArrayRef[`a]
@@ -2579,7 +2612,7 @@ Item
CodeRef
RegexpRef
GlobRef
- FileHandle
+ FileHandle
Object
@@ -2610,6 +2643,7 @@ undef
Value
is true when ! ref $thing
Value
and Str
are effectively the same, but Str
is more expressive
+ Num
is true when a $scalar
looks like a number
- An overloaded object which numifies does not pass the
Num
constraint!
- Perl 5's overloading is hopelessly broken
@@ -2710,9 +2744,11 @@ has start_date => (
Subtype Shortcuts - class_type
use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
-class_type 'DateTime';
+class_type 'DateTime';
+
+
-subtype 'DateTime',
+subtype 'DateTime',
as 'Object',
where { $_->isa('DateTime') },
message { ... };
@@ -2722,9 +2758,11 @@ subtype 'DateTime',
Subtype Shortcuts - role_type
use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
-role_type 'Printable';
+role_type 'Printable';
-subtype 'Printable',
+
+
+subtype 'Printable',
as 'Object',
where
{ Moose::Util::does_role(
@@ -2736,9 +2774,11 @@ subtype 'Printable',
Subtype Shortcuts - duck_type
use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
-duck_type Car => qw( run break_down );
+duck_type Car => qw( run break_down );
+
+
-subtype 'Car',
+subtype 'Car',
as 'Object',
where { all { $_->can($_) }
qw( run break_down ) },
@@ -2749,9 +2789,11 @@ subtype 'Car',
Subtype Shortcuts - enum
use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
-enum Color => qw( red blue green ) );
+enum Color => qw( red blue green ) );
-my %ok = map { $_ => 1 }
+
+
+my %ok = map { $_ => 1 }
qw( red blue green );
subtype 'Color'
@@ -2830,7 +2872,7 @@ coerce 'My::DateTime',
via { [ $_ ] };
- - Coerce instead of a union like
Int | ArrayRef[Int]
+ - Instead of union -
Int | ArrayRef[Int]
@@ -2882,7 +2924,7 @@ sub work {
\@_,
tasks =>
{ isa => 'ArrayRef[Task]',
- coerce =>1 },
+ coerce => 1 },
can_rest =>
{ isa => 'Bool',
default => 0 },
@@ -3012,7 +3054,7 @@ has transaction_history => (
- Type names are exported functions, catches typos early
- Types must be pre-declared
- - Types are stored with namespaces internally, but externally are short
+ - Types are stored with namespaces internally, but you use short names
- Import existing Moose types as functions from
MooseX::Types::Moose
- Still need string names for things like
ArrayRef['Email::Address']
@@ -3025,7 +3067,7 @@ has transaction_history => (
- Catches typos at compile time
- Automatic namespacing
- One more thing to install and learn
- - Every name gets types twice (declared and then defined)
+ - Every name is typed twice (declared and then defined)
- Still stuck with strings when referring to class or role names
- Coercion gotcha from earlier still applies to types exported from
MooseX::Types::Moose
@@ -3152,7 +3194,7 @@ $alice->friend($bob);
after salary_level => {
my $self = shift;
- return unless @_;
+ return unless @_;
$self->clear_salary;
};
@@ -3164,7 +3206,8 @@ $alice->friend($bob);
has salary_level => (
is => 'rw',
- trigger => sub { $_[0]->clear_salary },
+ trigger =>
+ sub { $_[0]->clear_salary },
);
@@ -3225,6 +3268,7 @@ has lungs => (
Array Reference
+ - 1-to-1 mapping
- Takes each method name and creates a simple delegation from the delegating class to the delegatee attribute
@@ -3317,11 +3361,31 @@ has history => (
- Delegate to unblessed Perl types
- Scalar, array or hash ref, etc
+ - Treat Perl types as objects
+ - Still uses
handles
+ - Pretend that native Perl types have methods
-
Native Delegation - Array
+
Native Delegation - Array(Ref)
+
+
+ - Methods include:
+
+ push
+ shift
+ elements
- returns all elements
+ count
+ is_empty
+ - quite a few more
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Native Delegation - Array(Ref)
package Person;
use Moose;
@@ -3339,23 +3403,71 @@ has _favorite_numbers => (
-
Native Delegation - Counter
+
Native Delegation - Array(Ref)
+
+
my $person = Person->new();
+
+$person->add_favorite_number(7);
+$person->add_favorite_number(42);
+
+print "$_\n"
+ for $person->favorite_numbers;
+
+# 7
+# 42
+
+
+
+
Native Delegation
-
package Stack;
+
+ - Native types are ...
+
+ - Number -
add
, mul
, ...
+ - String -
append
, chop
, ...
+ - Counter -
inc
, dec
, ...
+ - Bool -
set
, toggle
, ...
+ - Hash -
get
, set
, ...
+ - Array - already saw it
+ - Code -
execute
and execute_method
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Curried Delegation
+
+
+ - A delegation with some preset arguments
+ - Works with object or Native delegation
+
+
+
+
+
Curried Delegation
+
+
package Person;
use Moose;
-has depth => (
- traits => [ 'Counter' ],
- is => 'ro',
- isa => 'Int',
- default => 0,
- init_arg => undef,
- handles =>
- { _inc_depth => 'inc',
- _dec_depth => 'dec',
- },
+has account => (
+ is => 'ro',
+ isa => 'BankAccount',
+ handles => {
+ receive_100 =>
+ [ 'deposit', 100 ]
+ give_100 =>
+ [ 'withdraw', 100 ]
+ },
);
+
+
Curried Delegation
+
+
$person->receive_100;
+# really is
+$person->account->deposit(100);
+
Traits and Metaclasses
@@ -3382,7 +3494,7 @@ has depth => (
Traits and Metaclasses
- - Can add/alter/remove attribute parameter (from
has
)
+ - Can add/alter/remove an attribute parameter (from
has
)
- Can change behavior of created attribute
@@ -3463,9 +3575,200 @@ Iterate til this passes all its tests
-
Part 8: A Tour of MooseX
+ Part 8: A Brief Tour of MooseX
+
+
+
+
Notable MX Modules on CPAN
+
+
+ - Not comprehensive
+ - 152 MooseX distributions on CPAN as of 02/02/2010
+ - Some of them are crap
+
+
+
+
+
Already Mentioned Several
+
+
+ MooseX::NonMoose
- best solution for subclassing non-Moose parents
+ MooseX::Declare
- real Perl 5 OO
+ MooseX::FollowPBP
and MooseX::SemiAffordanceAccessor
+ MooseX::Params::Validate
and MooseX::Method::Signatures
+ MooseX::Types
+
+
+
+
+
MooseX::Declare
+
+
use MooseX::Declare;
+use 5.10.0; # for say
+
+class Person {
+ has greeting =>
+ ( is => 'ro', isa => 'Str' );
+
+ method speak {
+ say $self->greeting;
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+
MooseX::Declare
+
+
+ - Still experimental-ish, but seeing more and more use
+ - Not a source filter!
+ - Hooks into the Perl parser rather than filtering all your code
+ - But not supported by
PPI
, perltidy
, etc. (yet?)
+
+
+
+
+
MooseX::StrictConstructor
+
+
+ - By default, unknown constructor arguments are ignored
+ - MX::StrictConstructor turns these into an error
+
+
+
+
+
MooseX::StrictConstructor
+
+
package Person;
+
+use Moose;
+use MooseX::StrictConstructor;
+
+has name => ( is => 'ro' );
+
+Person->new
+ ( nane => 'Ringo Shiina' ); # kaboom
+
+
+
+
MooseX::Traits
+
+
+ - Combines object construction and role application
+ - Makes it easy to create one-off customized objects
+
+
+
+
+
MooseX::Traits
+
+
package MyApp::Thingy;
+use Moose;
+
+with 'MooseX::Traits';
+
+my $thing =
+ MyApp::Thingy->new_with_traits
+ ( traits => [ 'Foo', 'Bar' ],
+ size => 42 );
+
+
MooseX::Getopt
+
+
+ - Makes command-line interface programs easy!
+ - Construct an object from CLI arguments
+
+
+
+
+
MooseX::Getopt
+
+
package App::CLI;
+use Moose;
+
+with 'MooseX::Getopt';
+
+has file =>
+ ( is => 'ro', required => 1 );
+has filters =>
+ ( is => 'ro', isa => 'ArrayRef[Str]' );
+
+sub run { ... }
+
+
+
+
MooseX::Getopt
+
+
+ - Then call it like this:
+
+
+
#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use App::CLI;
+
+App::CLI->new_with_options()->run();
+
+
$ myapp-cli \
+ --file foo \
+ --filters compress \
+ --filters sanitize
+
+
+
+
MooseX::Clone
+
+
package Person;
+
+use Moose;
+with 'MooseX::Clone';
+
+my $person = Person->new;
+my $clone = $person->clone;
+
+
+
+
MooseX::NonMoose
+
+
+ - Highly recommended for subclassing non-Moose parents
+ - Gets all the little annoying details right
+
+
+
+
+
MooseX::Role::Parameterized
+
+
package HasCollection;
+use MooseX::Role::Parameterized;
+parameter type => ( isa => 'Str',
+ default => 'Item' );
+role {
+ my $p = shift;
+
+ my $type =
+ 'ArrayRef[' . $p->type() . ']';
+ has collection =>
+ ( is => 'ro',
+ isa => $type );
+};
+
+
+
+
MooseX::Role::Parameterized
+
+
package Person;
+
+use Moose;
+with HasCollection => { type => 'Int' };
+
+
+
+
Questions?
+
+
Part 9: Writing Moose Extensions
@@ -3484,7 +3787,7 @@ Iterate til this passes all its tests
- mailing list - moose@perl.org
- Slides and exercises are in Moose's git repo:
- git://jules.scsys.co.uk/gitmo/moose-presentations
+ git://jules.scsys.co.uk/gitmo/moose-presentations