X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=lib%2FSQL%2FAbstract.pm;h=3016bc134998144786b0fdfd75b02560ff30bccd;hb=463a403c5abe3d1f9b538a64f5e3a7860ba3ea8d;hp=f7364871ab5574144c0fd15abdf84a9a9e2e7221;hpb=4d28fcbe086946140e0c96542fad7dd84840d6a9;p=scpubgit%2FQ-Branch.git

diff --git a/lib/SQL/Abstract.pm b/lib/SQL/Abstract.pm
index f736487..3016bc1 100644
--- a/lib/SQL/Abstract.pm
+++ b/lib/SQL/Abstract.pm
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package SQL::Abstract; # see doc at end of file
 
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+use Module::Runtime ();
 use Carp ();
 use List::Util ();
 use Scalar::Util ();
@@ -136,6 +137,79 @@ sub is_plain_value ($) {
 # NEW
 #======================================================================
 
+our %Defaults = (
+  expand => {
+    not => '_expand_not',
+    bool => '_expand_bool',
+    and => '_expand_op_andor',
+    or => '_expand_op_andor',
+    nest => '_expand_nest',
+    bind => '_expand_bind',
+    in => '_expand_in',
+    not_in => '_expand_in',
+    row => '_expand_row',
+    between => '_expand_between',
+    not_between => '_expand_between',
+    op => '_expand_op',
+    (map +($_ => '_expand_op_is'), ('is', 'is_not')),
+    ident => '_expand_ident',
+    value => '_expand_value',
+    func => '_expand_func',
+    values => '_expand_values',
+  },
+  expand_op => {
+    'between' => '_expand_between',
+    'not_between' => '_expand_between',
+    'in' => '_expand_in',
+    'not_in' => '_expand_in',
+    'nest' => '_expand_nest',
+    (map +($_ => '_expand_op_andor'), ('and', 'or')),
+    (map +($_ => '_expand_op_is'), ('is', 'is_not')),
+    'ident' => '_expand_ident',
+    'value' => '_expand_value',
+  },
+  render => {
+    (map +($_, "_render_$_"), qw(op func bind ident literal row values)),
+  },
+  render_op => {
+    (map +($_ => '_render_op_between'), 'between', 'not_between'),
+    (map +($_ => '_render_op_in'), 'in', 'not_in'),
+    (map +($_ => '_render_unop_postfix'),
+      'is_null', 'is_not_null', 'asc', 'desc',
+    ),
+    (not => '_render_unop_paren'),
+    (map +($_ => '_render_op_andor'), qw(and or)),
+    ',' => '_render_op_multop',
+  },
+  clauses_of => {
+    delete => [ qw(target where returning) ],
+    update => [ qw(target set where returning) ],
+    insert => [ qw(target fields from returning) ],
+  },
+  expand_clause => {
+    'delete.from' => '_expand_delete_clause_target',
+    'update.update' => '_expand_update_clause_target',
+    'insert.into' => '_expand_insert_clause_target',
+    'insert.values' => '_expand_insert_clause_from',
+  },
+  render_clause => {
+    'delete.target' => '_render_delete_clause_target',
+    'update.target' => '_render_update_clause_target',
+    'insert.target' => '_render_insert_clause_target',
+    'insert.fields' => '_render_insert_clause_fields',
+    'insert.from' => '_render_insert_clause_from',
+  },
+);
+
+foreach my $stmt (keys %{$Defaults{clauses_of}}) {
+  $Defaults{expand}{$stmt} = '_expand_statement';
+  $Defaults{render}{$stmt} = '_render_statement';
+  foreach my $clause (@{$Defaults{clauses_of}{$stmt}}) {
+    $Defaults{expand_clause}{"${stmt}.${clause}"}
+      = "_expand_${stmt}_clause_${clause}";
+  }
+}
+
 sub new {
   my $self = shift;
   my $class = ref($self) || $self;
@@ -192,51 +266,16 @@ sub new {
 
   $opt{expand_unary} = {};
 
-  $opt{expand} = {
-    not => '_expand_not',
-    bool => '_expand_bool',
-    and => '_expand_op_andor',
-    or => '_expand_op_andor',
-    nest => '_expand_nest',
-    bind => '_expand_bind',
-    in => '_expand_in',
-    not_in => '_expand_in',
-    row => '_expand_row',
-    between => '_expand_between',
-    not_between => '_expand_between',
-    op => '_expand_op',
-    (map +($_ => '_expand_op_is'), ('is', 'is_not')),
-    ident => '_expand_ident',
-    value => '_expand_value',
-  };
-
-  $opt{expand_op} = {
-    'between' => '_expand_between',
-    'not_between' => '_expand_between',
-    'in' => '_expand_in',
-    'not_in' => '_expand_in',
-    'nest' => '_expand_nest',
-    (map +($_ => '_expand_op_andor'), ('and', 'or')),
-    (map +($_ => '_expand_op_is'), ('is', 'is_not')),
-    'ident' => '_expand_ident',
-    'value' => '_expand_value',
-  };
+  foreach my $name (sort keys %Defaults) {
+    $opt{$name} = { %{$Defaults{$name}} };
+  }
 
-  $opt{render} = {
-    (map +($_, "_render_$_"), qw(op func bind ident literal row)),
-    %{$opt{render}||{}}
-  };
+  if ($opt{lazy_join_sql_parts}) {
+    my $mod = Module::Runtime::use_module('SQL::Abstract::Parts');
+    $opt{join_sql_parts} ||= sub { $mod->new(@_) };
+  }
 
-  $opt{render_op} = {
-    (map +($_ => '_render_op_between'), 'between', 'not_between'),
-    (map +($_ => '_render_op_in'), 'in', 'not_in'),
-    (map +($_ => '_render_unop_postfix'),
-      'is_null', 'is_not_null', 'asc', 'desc',
-    ),
-    (not => '_render_unop_paren'),
-    (map +($_ => '_render_op_andor'), qw(and or)),
-    ',' => '_render_op_multop',
-  };
+  $opt{join_sql_parts} ||= sub { join $_[0], @_[1..$#_] };
 
   return bless \%opt, $class;
 }
@@ -259,27 +298,46 @@ sub _assert_pass_injection_guard {
 #======================================================================
 
 sub insert {
-  my $self    = shift;
-  my $table   = $self->_table(shift);
-  my $data    = shift || return;
-  my $options = shift;
+  my ($self, $table, $data, $options) = @_;
 
-  my $fields;
+  my $stmt = do {
+    if (ref($table) eq 'HASH') {
+      $table;
+    } else {
+      my %clauses = (target => $table, values => $data, %{$options||{}});
+      \%clauses;
+    }
+  };
+  my @rendered = $self->render_statement({ -insert => $stmt });
+  return wantarray ? @rendered : $rendered[0];
+}
 
-  my ($f_aqt, $v_aqt) = $self->_expand_insert_values($data);
+sub _expand_insert_clause_target {
+  +(target => $_[0]->_expand_maybe_list_expr($_[2], -ident));
+}
 
-  my @parts = ([ $self->_sqlcase('insert into').' '.$table ]);
-  push @parts, [ $self->render_aqt($f_aqt) ] if $f_aqt;
-  push @parts, [ $self->render_aqt($v_aqt) ];
-  $parts[-1][0] =~ s/^/VALUES /;
+sub _expand_insert_clause_fields {
+  return +{ -row => [
+    $_[0]->_expand_maybe_list_expr($_[2], -ident)
+  ] } if ref($_[2]) eq 'ARRAY';
+  return $_[2]; # should maybe still expand somewhat?
+}
 
-  if ($options->{returning}) {
-    push @parts, [ $self->_insert_returning($options) ];
+sub _expand_insert_clause_from {
+  my ($self, undef, $data) = @_;
+  if (ref($data) eq 'HASH' and (keys(%$data))[0] =~ /^-/) {
+    return $self->expand_expr($data);
   }
+  return $data if ref($data) eq 'HASH' and $data->{-row};
+  my ($f_aqt, $v_aqt) = $self->_expand_insert_values($data);
+  return (
+    from => { -values => [ $v_aqt ] },
+    ($f_aqt ? (fields => $f_aqt) : ()),
+  );
+}
 
-  my ($sql, @bind) = $self->_join_parts(' ', @parts);
-
-  return wantarray ? ($sql, @bind) : $sql;
+sub _expand_insert_clause_returning {
+  +(returning => $_[0]->_expand_maybe_list_expr($_[2], -ident));
 }
 
 sub _expand_insert_values {
@@ -312,21 +370,37 @@ sub _expand_insert_values {
   }
 }
 
+sub _render_insert_clause_fields {
+  return $_[0]->render_aqt($_[2]);
+}
+
+sub _render_insert_clause_target {
+  my ($self, undef, $from) = @_;
+  $self->join_query_parts(' ', $self->format_keyword('insert into'), $from);
+}
+
+sub _render_insert_clause_from {
+  return $_[0]->render_aqt($_[2], 1);
+}
+
 # So that subclasses can override INSERT ... RETURNING separately from
 # UPDATE and DELETE (e.g. DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::Oracle does this)
 sub _insert_returning { shift->_returning(@_) }
 
+sub _redispatch_returning {
+  my ($self, $type, undef, $returning) = @_;
+  [ $self->${\"_${type}_returning"}({ returning => $returning }) ];
+}
+
 sub _returning {
   my ($self, $options) = @_;
 
   my $f = $options->{returning};
 
-  my ($sql, @bind) = $self->render_aqt(
+  my ($sql, @bind) = @{ $self->render_aqt(
     $self->_expand_maybe_list_expr($f, -ident)
-  );
-  return wantarray
-    ? $self->_sqlcase(' returning ') . $sql
-    : ($self->_sqlcase(' returning ').$sql, @bind);
+  ) };
+  return ($self->_sqlcase(' returning ').$sql, @bind);
 }
 
 sub _expand_insert_value {
@@ -360,52 +434,45 @@ sub _expand_insert_value {
 # UPDATE methods
 #======================================================================
 
-
 sub update {
-  my $self    = shift;
-  my $table   = $self->_table(shift);
-  my $data    = shift || return;
-  my $where   = shift;
-  my $options = shift;
-
-  # first build the 'SET' part of the sql statement
-  puke "Unsupported data type specified to \$sql->update"
-    unless ref $data eq 'HASH';
+  my ($self, $table, $set, $where, $options) = @_;
 
-  my ($sql, @all_bind) = $self->_update_set_values($data);
-  $sql = $self->_sqlcase('update ') . $table . $self->_sqlcase(' set ')
-          . $sql;
-
-  if ($where) {
-    my($where_sql, @where_bind) = $self->where($where);
-    $sql .= $where_sql;
-    push @all_bind, @where_bind;
-  }
-
-  if ($options->{returning}) {
-    my ($returning_sql, @returning_bind) = $self->_update_returning($options);
-    $sql .= $returning_sql;
-    push @all_bind, @returning_bind;
-  }
+  my $stmt = do {
+    if (ref($table) eq 'HASH') {
+      $table
+    } else {
+      my %clauses;
+      @clauses{qw(target set where)} = ($table, $set, $where);
+      puke "Unsupported data type specified to \$sql->update"
+        unless ref($clauses{set}) eq 'HASH';
+      @clauses{keys %$options} = values %$options;
+      \%clauses;
+    }
+  };
+  my @rendered = $self->render_statement({ -update => $stmt });
+  return wantarray ? @rendered : $rendered[0];
+}
 
-  return wantarray ? ($sql, @all_bind) : $sql;
+sub _render_update_clause_target {
+  my ($self, undef, $target) = @_;
+  $self->join_query_parts(' ', $self->format_keyword('update'), $target);
 }
 
 sub _update_set_values {
   my ($self, $data) = @_;
 
-  return $self->render_aqt(
-    $self->_expand_update_set_values($data),
-  );
+  return @{ $self->render_aqt(
+    $self->_expand_update_set_values(undef, $data),
+  ) };
 }
 
 sub _expand_update_set_values {
-  my ($self, $data) = @_;
+  my ($self, undef, $data) = @_;
   $self->_expand_maybe_list_expr( [
     map {
       my ($k, $set) = @$_;
       $set = { -bind => $_ } unless defined $set;
-      +{ -op => [ '=', $self->_expand_ident(-ident => $k), $set ] };
+      +{ -op => [ '=', { -ident => $k }, $set ] };
     }
     map {
       my $k = $_;
@@ -423,6 +490,24 @@ sub _expand_update_set_values {
   ] );
 }
 
+sub _expand_update_clause_target {
+  my ($self, undef, $target) = @_;
+  +(target => $self->_expand_maybe_list_expr($target, -ident));
+}
+
+sub _expand_update_clause_set {
+  return $_[2] if ref($_[2]) eq 'HASH' and ($_[2]->{-op}||[''])->[0] eq ',';
+  +(set => $_[0]->_expand_update_set_values($_[1], $_[2]));
+}
+
+sub _expand_update_clause_where {
+  +(where => $_[0]->expand_expr($_[2]));
+}
+
+sub _expand_update_clause_returning {
+  +(returning => $_[0]->_expand_maybe_list_expr($_[2], -ident));
+}
+
 # So that subclasses can override UPDATE ... RETURNING separately from
 # INSERT and DELETE
 sub _update_returning { shift->_returning(@_) }
@@ -456,39 +541,48 @@ sub select {
 sub _select_fields {
   my ($self, $fields) = @_;
   return $fields unless ref($fields);
-  return $self->render_aqt(
+  return @{ $self->render_aqt(
     $self->_expand_maybe_list_expr($fields, '-ident')
-  );
+  ) };
 }
 
 #======================================================================
 # DELETE
 #======================================================================
 
-
 sub delete {
-  my $self    = shift;
-  my $table   = $self->_table(shift);
-  my $where   = shift;
-  my $options = shift;
-
-  my($where_sql, @bind) = $self->where($where);
-  my $sql = $self->_sqlcase('delete from ') . $table . $where_sql;
-
-  if ($options->{returning}) {
-    my ($returning_sql, @returning_bind) = $self->_delete_returning($options);
-    $sql .= $returning_sql;
-    push @bind, @returning_bind;
-  }
+  my ($self, $table, $where, $options) = @_;
 
-  return wantarray ? ($sql, @bind) : $sql;
+  my $stmt = do {
+    if (ref($table) eq 'HASH') {
+      $table;
+    } else {
+      my %clauses = (target => $table, where => $where, %{$options||{}});
+      \%clauses;
+    }
+  };
+  my @rendered = $self->render_statement({ -delete => $stmt });
+  return wantarray ? @rendered : $rendered[0];
 }
 
 # So that subclasses can override DELETE ... RETURNING separately from
 # INSERT and UPDATE
 sub _delete_returning { shift->_returning(@_) }
 
+sub _expand_delete_clause_target {
+  +(target => $_[0]->_expand_maybe_list_expr($_[2], -ident));
+}
+
+sub _expand_delete_clause_where { +(where => $_[0]->expand_expr($_[2])); }
 
+sub _expand_delete_clause_returning {
+  +(returning => $_[0]->_expand_maybe_list_expr($_[2], -ident));
+}
+
+sub _render_delete_clause_target {
+   my ($self, undef, $from) = @_;
+   $self->join_query_parts(' ', $self->format_keyword('delete from'), $from);
+}
 
 #======================================================================
 # WHERE: entry point
@@ -527,24 +621,84 @@ sub expand_expr {
 }
 
 sub render_aqt {
-  my ($self, $aqt) = @_;
+  my ($self, $aqt, $top_level) = @_;
   my ($k, $v, @rest) = %$aqt;
   die "No" if @rest;
   die "Not a node type: $k" unless $k =~ s/^-//;
   if (my $meth = $self->{render}{$k}) {
-    return $self->$meth($v);
+    local our $Render_Top_Level = $top_level;
+    return $self->$meth($k, $v);
   }
   die "notreached: $k";
 }
 
 sub render_expr {
   my ($self, $expr, $default_scalar_to) = @_;
-  $self->render_aqt($self->expand_expr($expr, $default_scalar_to));
+  return @{ $self->render_aqt(
+    $self->expand_expr($expr, $default_scalar_to)
+  ) };
+}
+
+sub render_statement {
+  my ($self, $expr, $default_scalar_to) = @_;
+  @{$self->render_aqt(
+    $self->expand_expr($expr, $default_scalar_to), 1
+  )};
+}
+
+sub _expand_statement {
+  my ($self, $type, $args) = @_;
+  my $ec = $self->{expand_clause};
+  if ($args->{_}) {
+    $args = { %$args };
+    $args->{$type} = delete $args->{_}
+  }
+  return +{ "-${type}" => +{
+    map {
+      my $val = $args->{$_};
+      if (defined($val) and my $exp = $ec->{"${type}.$_"}) {
+        if ((my (@exp) = $self->$exp($_ => $val)) == 1) {
+          ($_ => $exp[0])
+        } else {
+          @exp
+        }
+      } else {
+        ($_ => $self->expand_expr($val))
+      }
+    } sort keys %$args
+  } };
+}
+
+sub _render_statement {
+  my ($self, $type, $args) = @_;
+  my @parts;
+  foreach my $clause (@{$self->{clauses_of}{$type}}) {
+    next unless my $clause_expr = $args->{$clause};
+    my $part = do {
+      if (my $rdr = $self->{render_clause}{"${type}.${clause}"}) {
+        $self->$rdr($clause, $clause_expr);
+      } else {
+        my $r = $self->render_aqt($clause_expr, 1);
+        next unless defined $r->[0] and length $r->[0];
+        $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+          $self->format_keyword($clause),
+          $r
+        );
+      }
+    };
+    push @parts, $part;
+  }
+  my $q = $self->join_query_parts(' ', @parts);
+  return $self->join_query_parts('',
+    (our $Render_Top_Level ? $q : ('(', $q, ')'))
+  );
 }
 
 sub _normalize_op {
   my ($self, $raw) = @_;
-  s/^-(?=.)//, s/\s+/_/g for my $op = lc $raw;
+  my $op = lc $raw;
+  return $op if grep $_->{$op}, @{$self}{qw(is_op expand_op render_op)};
+  s/^-(?=.)//, s/\s+/_/g for $op;
   $op;
 }
 
@@ -585,8 +739,13 @@ sub _expand_hashpair {
     }
     puke "Supplying an empty left hand side argument is not supported";
   }
-  if ($k =~ /^-/) {
+  if ($k =~ /^-./) {
     return $self->_expand_hashpair_op($k, $v);
+  } elsif ($k =~ /^[^\w]/i) {
+    my ($lhs, @rhs) = ref($v) eq 'ARRAY' ? @$v : $v;
+    return $self->_expand_op(
+      -op, [ $k, $self->expand_expr($lhs, -ident), @rhs ]
+    );
   }
   return $self->_expand_hashpair_ident($k, $v);
 }
@@ -672,19 +831,6 @@ sub _expand_hashpair_op {
 
   my $op = $self->_normalize_op($k);
 
-  if (my $exp = $self->{expand}{$op}) {
-    return $self->$exp($op, $v);
-  }
-
-  # Ops prefixed with -not_ get converted
-
-  if (my ($rest) = $op =~/^not_(.*)$/) {
-    return +{ -op => [
-      'not',
-      $self->_expand_expr({ "-${rest}", $v })
-    ] };
-  }
-
   { # Old SQLA compat
 
     my $op = join(' ', split '_', $op);
@@ -703,9 +849,27 @@ sub _expand_hashpair_op {
     ) {
       puke "Illegal use of top-level '-$op'"
     }
+  }
+
+  if (my $exp = $self->{expand}{$op}) {
+    return $self->$exp($op, $v);
+  }
+
+  # Ops prefixed with -not_ get converted
+
+  if (my ($rest) = $op =~/^not_(.*)$/) {
+    return +{ -op => [
+      'not',
+      $self->_expand_expr({ "-${rest}", $v })
+    ] };
+  }
+
+  { # Old SQLA compat
 
     # the old unary op system means we should touch nothing and let it work
 
+    my $op = join(' ', split '_', $op);
+
     if (my $us = List::Util::first { $op =~ $_->{regex} } @{$self->{unary_ops}}) {
       return { -op => [ $op, $v ] };
     }
@@ -718,29 +882,29 @@ sub _expand_hashpair_op {
     return { $k => $v };
   }
 
-  # hashref RHS values get expanded and used as op/func args
-
-  if (
-    ref($v) eq 'HASH'
-    and keys %$v == 1
-    and (keys %$v)[0] =~ /^-/
-  ) {
-    my ($func) = $k =~ /^-(.*)$/;
-    { # Old SQLA compat
-      if (List::Util::first { $func =~ $_->{regex} } @{$self->{special_ops}}) {
-        return +{ -op => [ $func, $self->_expand_expr($v) ] };
-      }
-    }
-    return +{ -func => [ $func, $self->_expand_expr($v) ] };
-  }
+  my $type = $self->{unknown_unop_always_func} ? -func : -op;
 
-  # scalars and literals get simply expanded
+  { # Old SQLA compat
 
-  if (!ref($v) or is_literal_value($v)) {
-    return +{ -op => [ $op, $self->_expand_expr($v) ] };
+    if (
+      ref($v) eq 'HASH'
+      and keys %$v == 1
+      and (keys %$v)[0] =~ /^-/
+    ) {
+      $type = (
+        (List::Util::first { $op =~ $_->{regex} } @{$self->{special_ops}})
+          ? -op
+          : -func
+      )
+    }
   }
 
-  die "notreached";
+  return +{ $type => [
+    $op,
+    ($type eq -func and ref($v) eq 'ARRAY')
+      ? map $self->_expand_expr($_), @$v
+      : $self->_expand_expr($v)
+  ] };
 }
 
 sub _expand_hashpair_cmp {
@@ -751,7 +915,7 @@ sub _expand_hashpair_cmp {
 sub _expand_hashtriple {
   my ($self, $k, $vk, $vv) = @_;
 
-  my $ik = $self->_expand_ident(-ident => $k);
+  my $ik = $self->_expand_expr({ -ident => $k });
 
   my $op = $self->_normalize_op($vk);
   $self->_assert_pass_injection_guard($op);
@@ -781,7 +945,7 @@ sub _expand_hashtriple {
   if (ref($vv) eq 'ARRAY') {
     my @raw = @$vv;
     my $logic = (defined($raw[0]) and $raw[0] =~ /^-(and|or)$/i)
-      ? (shift(@raw), $1) : 'or';
+      ? (shift(@raw), lc $1) : 'or';
     my @values = map +{ $vk => $_ }, @raw;
     if (
       $op =~ $self->{inequality_op}
@@ -844,6 +1008,12 @@ sub _dwim_op_to_is {
   puke(sprintf $fail, $op);
 }
 
+sub _expand_func {
+  my ($self, undef, $args) = @_;
+  my ($func, @args) = @$args;
+  return +{ -func => [ $func, map $self->expand_expr($_), @args ] };
+}
+
 sub _expand_ident {
   my ($self, undef, $body, $k) = @_;
   return $self->_expand_hashpair_cmp(
@@ -892,7 +1062,7 @@ sub _expand_bool {
     return $self->_expand_expr($v);
   }
   puke "-bool => undef not supported" unless defined($v);
-  return $self->_expand_ident(-ident => $v);
+  return $self->_expand_expr({ -ident => $v });
 }
 
 sub _expand_op_andor {
@@ -1032,6 +1202,17 @@ sub _expand_bind {
   return { -bind => $bind };
 }
 
+sub _expand_values {
+  my ($self, undef, $values) = @_;
+  return { -values => [
+    map +(
+      ref($_) eq 'HASH'
+        ? $self->expand_expr($_)
+        : +{ -row => [ map $self->expand_expr($_), @$_ ] }
+    ), ref($values) eq 'ARRAY' ? @$values : $values
+  ] };
+}
+
 sub _recurse_where {
   my ($self, $where, $logic) = @_;
 
@@ -1043,7 +1224,7 @@ sub _recurse_where {
 
   # dispatch expanded expression
 
-  my ($sql, @bind) = defined($where_exp) ? $self->render_aqt($where_exp) : (undef);
+  my ($sql, @bind) = defined($where_exp) ? @{ $self->render_aqt($where_exp) || [] } : ();
   # DBIx::Class used to call _recurse_where in scalar context
   # something else might too...
   if (wantarray) {
@@ -1056,42 +1237,46 @@ sub _recurse_where {
 }
 
 sub _render_ident {
-  my ($self, $ident) = @_;
+  my ($self, undef, $ident) = @_;
 
-  return $self->_convert($self->_quote($ident));
+  return [ $self->_convert($self->_quote($ident)) ];
 }
 
 sub _render_row {
-  my ($self, $values) = @_;
-  my ($sql, @bind) = $self->_render_op([ ',', @$values ]);
-  return "($sql)", @bind;  
+  my ($self, undef, $values) = @_;
+  return $self->join_query_parts('',
+    '(',
+    $self->_render_op(undef, [ ',', @$values ]),
+    ')'
+  );
 }
 
 sub _render_func {
-  my ($self, $rest) = @_;
+  my ($self, undef, $rest) = @_;
   my ($func, @args) = @$rest;
-  my @arg_sql;
-  my @bind = map {
-    my @x = @$_;
-    push @arg_sql, shift @x;
-    @x
-  } map [ $self->render_aqt($_) ], @args;
-  return ($self->_sqlcase($func).'('.join(', ', @arg_sql).')', @bind);
+  return $self->join_query_parts('',
+    $self->_sqlcase($func),
+    $self->join_query_parts('',
+      '(',
+      $self->join_query_parts(', ', @args),
+      ')'
+    ),
+  );
 }
 
 sub _render_bind {
-  my ($self,  $bind) = @_;
-  return ($self->_convert('?'), $self->_bindtype(@$bind));
+  my ($self, undef, $bind) = @_;
+  return [ $self->_convert('?'), $self->_bindtype(@$bind) ];
 }
 
 sub _render_literal {
-  my ($self, $literal) = @_;
+  my ($self, undef, $literal) = @_;
   $self->_assert_bindval_matches_bindtype(@{$literal}[1..$#$literal]);
-  return @$literal;
+  return $literal;
 }
 
 sub _render_op {
-  my ($self, $v) = @_;
+  my ($self, undef, $v) = @_;
   my ($op, @args) = @$v;
   if (my $r = $self->{render_op}{$op}) {
     return $self->$r($op, \@args);
@@ -1107,10 +1292,10 @@ sub _render_op {
         unless my ($ident) = map $_->{-ident}, grep ref($_) eq 'HASH', $args[0];
       my $k = join(($self->{name_sep}||'.'), @$ident);
       local our $Expand_Depth = 1;
-      return $self->${\($ss->{handler})}($k, $op, $args[1]);
+      return [ $self->${\($ss->{handler})}($k, $op, $args[1]) ];
     }
     if (my $us = List::Util::first { $op =~ $_->{regex} } @{$self->{unary_ops}}) {
-      return $self->${\($us->{handler})}($op, $args[0]);
+      return [ $self->${\($us->{handler})}($op, $args[0]) ];
     }
     if ($ss) {
       return $self->_render_unop_paren($op, \@args);
@@ -1128,94 +1313,103 @@ sub _render_op {
 sub _render_op_between {
   my ($self, $op, $args) = @_;
   my ($left, $low, $high) = @$args;
-  my ($rhsql, @rhbind) = do {
+  my @rh = do {
     if (@$args == 2) {
       puke "Single arg to between must be a literal"
         unless $low->{-literal};
-      @{$low->{-literal}}
+      $low;
     } else {
-      my ($l, $h) = map [ $self->render_aqt($_) ], $low, $high;
-      (join(' ', $l->[0], $self->_sqlcase('and'), $h->[0]),
-       @{$l}[1..$#$l], @{$h}[1..$#$h])
+      +($low, $self->format_keyword('and'), $high);
     }
   };
-  my ($lhsql, @lhbind) = $self->render_aqt($left);
-  return (
-    join(' ',
-      '(', $lhsql,
-       $self->_sqlcase(join ' ', split '_', $op),
-      $rhsql, ')'
-    ),
-    @lhbind, @rhbind
+  return $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+    '(', $left, $self->format_keyword($op), @rh, ')',
   );
 }
 
 sub _render_op_in {
   my ($self, $op, $args) = @_;
   my ($lhs, @rhs) = @$args;
-  my @in_bind;
-  my @in_sql = map {
-    my ($sql, @bind) = $self->render_aqt($_);
-    push @in_bind, @bind;
-    $sql;
-  } @rhs;
-  my ($lhsql, @lbind) = $self->render_aqt($lhs);
-  return (
-    $lhsql.' '.$self->_sqlcase(join ' ', split '_', $op).' ( '
-    .join(', ', @in_sql)
-    .' )',
-    @lbind, @in_bind
+
+  return $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+    $lhs,
+    $self->format_keyword($op),
+    $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+      '(',
+      $self->join_query_parts(', ', @rhs),
+      ')'
+    ),
   );
 }
 
 sub _render_op_andor {
   my ($self, $op, $args) = @_;
-  my @parts = grep length($_->[0]), map [ $self->render_aqt($_) ], @$args;
-  return '' unless @parts;
-  return @{$parts[0]} if @parts == 1;
-  my ($sql, @bind) = $self->_join_parts(' '.$self->_sqlcase($op).' ', @parts);
-  return '( '.$sql.' )', @bind;
+  return undef unless @$args;
+  return $self->join_query_parts('', $args->[0]) if @$args == 1;
+  my $inner = $self->_render_op_multop($op, $args);
+  return undef unless defined($inner->[0]) and length($inner->[0]);
+  return $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+    '(', $inner, ')'
+  );
 }
 
 sub _render_op_multop {
   my ($self, $op, $args) = @_;
-  my @parts = grep length($_->[0]), map [ $self->render_aqt($_) ], @$args;
-  return '' unless @parts;
-  return @{$parts[0]} if @parts == 1;
+  my @parts = @$args;
+  return undef unless @parts;
+  return $self->render_aqt($parts[0]) if @parts == 1;
   my $join = ($op eq ','
                 ? ', '
-                :  ' '.$self->_sqlcase(join ' ', split '_', $op).' '
+                :  ' '.$self->format_keyword($op).' '
              );
-  return $self->_join_parts($join, @parts);
+  return $self->join_query_parts($join, @parts);
 }
 
-sub _join_parts {
-  my ($self, $join, @parts) = @_;
-  return (
-    join($join, map $_->[0], @parts),
-    map @{$_}[1..$#$_], @parts
+sub _render_values {
+  my ($self, undef, $values) = @_;
+  my $inner = $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+    $self->format_keyword('values'),
+    $self->join_query_parts(', ',
+      ref($values) eq 'ARRAY' ? @$values : $values
+    ),
+  );
+  return $self->join_query_parts('',
+    (our $Render_Top_Level ? $inner : ('(', $inner, ')'))
   );
 }
 
+sub join_query_parts {
+  my ($self, $join, @parts) = @_;
+  my @final = map +(
+    ref($_) eq 'HASH'
+      ? $self->render_aqt($_)
+      : ((ref($_) eq 'ARRAY') ? $_ : [ $_ ])
+  ), @parts;
+  return [
+    $self->{join_sql_parts}->($join, grep defined, map $_->[0], @final),
+    (map @{$_}[1..$#$_], @final),
+  ];
+}
+
 sub _render_unop_paren {
   my ($self, $op, $v) = @_;
-  my ($sql, @bind) = $self->_render_unop_prefix($op, $v);
-  return "(${sql})", @bind;
+  return $self->join_query_parts('',
+    '(', $self->_render_unop_prefix($op, $v), ')'
+  );
 }
 
 sub _render_unop_prefix {
   my ($self, $op, $v) = @_;
-  my ($expr_sql, @bind) = $self->render_aqt($v->[0]);
-
-  my $op_sql = $self->_sqlcase($op); # join ' ', split '_', $op);
-  return ("${op_sql} ${expr_sql}", @bind);
+  return $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+    $self->_sqlcase($op), $v->[0]
+  );
 }
 
 sub _render_unop_postfix {
   my ($self, $op, $v) = @_;
-  my ($expr_sql, @bind) = $self->render_aqt($v->[0]);
-  my $op_sql = $self->_sqlcase(join ' ', split '_', $op);
-  return ($expr_sql.' '.$op_sql, @bind);
+  return $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+    $v->[0], $self->format_keyword($op),
+  );
 }
 
 # Some databases (SQLite) treat col IN (1, 2) different from
@@ -1258,6 +1452,9 @@ sub _expand_order_by {
 
   return unless defined($arg) and not (ref($arg) eq 'ARRAY' and !@$arg);
 
+  return $self->_expand_maybe_list_expr($arg)
+    if ref($arg) eq 'HASH' and ($arg->{-op}||[''])->[0] eq ',';
+
   my $expander = sub {
     my ($self, $dir, $expr) = @_;
     my @to_expand = ref($expr) eq 'ARRAY' ? @$expr : $expr;
@@ -1290,13 +1487,13 @@ sub _order_by {
 
   return '' unless defined(my $expanded = $self->_expand_order_by($arg));
 
-  my ($sql, @bind) = $self->render_aqt($expanded);
+  my ($sql, @bind) = @{ $self->render_aqt($expanded) };
 
   return '' unless length($sql);
 
   my $final_sql = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ').$sql;
 
-  return wantarray ? ($final_sql, @bind) : $final_sql;
+  return ($final_sql, @bind);
 }
 
 # _order_by no longer needs to call this so doesn't but DBIC uses it.
@@ -1306,13 +1503,15 @@ sub _order_by_chunks {
 
   return () unless defined(my $expanded = $self->_expand_order_by($arg));
 
-  return $self->_chunkify_order_by($expanded);
+  my @res = $self->_chunkify_order_by($expanded);
+  (ref() ? $_->[0] : $_) .= '' for @res;
+  return @res;
 }
 
 sub _chunkify_order_by {
   my ($self, $expanded) = @_;
 
-  return grep length, $self->render_aqt($expanded)
+  return grep length, @{ $self->render_aqt($expanded) }
     if $expanded->{-ident} or @{$expanded->{-literal}||[]} == 1;
 
   for ($expanded) {
@@ -1320,7 +1519,7 @@ sub _chunkify_order_by {
       my ($comma, @list) = @{$_->{-op}};
       return map $self->_chunkify_order_by($_), @list;
     }
-    return [ $self->render_aqt($_) ];
+    return $self->render_aqt($_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1331,9 +1530,9 @@ sub _chunkify_order_by {
 sub _table  {
   my $self = shift;
   my $from = shift;
-  ($self->render_aqt(
+  $self->render_aqt(
     $self->_expand_maybe_list_expr($from, -ident)
-  ))[0];
+  )->[0];
 }
 
 
@@ -1343,7 +1542,10 @@ sub _table  {
 
 sub _expand_maybe_list_expr {
   my ($self, $expr, $default) = @_;
-  return $expr if ref($expr) eq 'HASH' and (($expr->{-op}||[''])->[0] eq ',');
+  return { -op => [
+    ',', map $self->expand_expr($_, $default), 
+          @{$expr->{-op}}[1..$#{$expr->{-op}}]
+  ] } if ref($expr) eq 'HASH' and ($expr->{-op}||[''])->[0] eq ',';
   return +{ -op => [ ',',
     map $self->expand_expr($_, $default),
       ref($expr) eq 'ARRAY' ? @$expr : $expr
@@ -1398,8 +1600,11 @@ sub _quote {
 # Conversion, if applicable
 sub _convert {
   #my ($self, $arg) = @_;
-  if ($_[0]->{convert_where}) {
-    return $_[0]->_sqlcase($_[0]->{convert_where}) .'(' . $_[1] . ')';
+  if (my $conv = $_[0]->{convert_where}) {
+    return @{ $_[0]->join_query_parts('',
+      $_[0]->format_keyword($conv),
+      '(' , $_[1] , ')'
+    ) };
   }
   return $_[1];
 }
@@ -1452,6 +1657,7 @@ sub _sqlcase {
   return $_[0]->{case} ? $_[1] : uc($_[1]);
 }
 
+sub format_keyword { $_[0]->_sqlcase(join ' ', split '_', $_[1]) }
 
 #======================================================================
 # DISPATCHING FROM REFKIND
@@ -1635,6 +1841,7 @@ sub AUTOLOAD {
     # This allows us to check for a local, then _form, attr
     my $self = shift;
     my($name) = $AUTOLOAD =~ /.*::(.+)/;
+    puke "AUTOLOAD invoked for method name ${name} and allow_autoload option not set" unless $self->{allow_autoload};
     return $self->generate($name, @_);
 }