X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=lib%2FCatalyst%2FPlugin%2FSession.pm;h=72902663bb311c4137ac959898e5fc6d2faa79cf;hb=e79a686c2d2b2cfba92d4d8b59bb95769e339782;hp=2623a67a43674b4bd2b611032ebd4ed91ce080a9;hpb=d44bc68773e3e75ca90cda829fa5cd11de981d3b;p=catagits%2FCatalyst-Plugin-Session.git diff --git a/lib/Catalyst/Plugin/Session.pm b/lib/Catalyst/Plugin/Session.pm index 2623a67..7290266 100644 --- a/lib/Catalyst/Plugin/Session.pm +++ b/lib/Catalyst/Plugin/Session.pm @@ -1,35 +1,45 @@ #!/usr/bin/perl package Catalyst::Plugin::Session; -use base qw/Class::Accessor::Fast/; -use strict; -use warnings; - -use NEXT; +use Moose; +with 'MooseX::Emulate::Class::Accessor::Fast'; +use MRO::Compat; use Catalyst::Exception (); use Digest (); use overload (); use Object::Signature (); +use Carp; -our $VERSION = "0.02"; +use namespace::clean -except => 'meta'; + +our $VERSION = '0.23'; + +my @session_data_accessors; # used in delete_session + +__PACKAGE__->mk_accessors( + "_session_delete_reason", + @session_data_accessors = qw/ + _sessionid + _session + _session_expires + _extended_session_expires + _session_data_sig + _flash + _flash_keep_keys + _flash_key_hashes + _tried_loading_session_id + _tried_loading_session_data + _tried_loading_session_expires + _tried_loading_flash_data + / +); -BEGIN { - __PACKAGE__->mk_accessors(qw/ - _sessionid - _session - _session_expires - _session_data_sig - _session_delete_reason - _flash - _flash_stale_keys - /); -} sub setup { my $c = shift; - $c->NEXT::setup(@_); + $c->maybe::next::method(@_); $c->check_session_plugin_requirements; $c->setup_session; @@ -59,49 +69,89 @@ sub setup_session { %$cfg = ( expires => 7200, - verify_address => 1, + verify_address => 0, + verify_user_agent => 0, %$cfg, ); - $c->NEXT::setup_session(); + $c->maybe::next::method(); } sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; - if ( $c->config->{session}{flash_to_stash} and $c->_sessionid and my $flash_data = $c->flash ) { + if ( $c->config->{session}{flash_to_stash} + and $c->sessionid + and my $flash_data = $c->flash ) + { @{ $c->stash }{ keys %$flash_data } = values %$flash_data; } - $c->NEXT::prepare_action(@_); + $c->maybe::next::method(@_); +} + +sub finalize_headers { + my $c = shift; + + # fix cookie before we send headers + $c->_save_session_expires; + + return $c->maybe::next::method(@_); +} + +sub finalize_body { + my $c = shift; + + # We have to finalize our session *before* $c->engine->finalize_xxx is called, + # because we do not want to send the HTTP response before the session is stored/committed to + # the session database (or whatever Session::Store you use). + $c->finalize_session; + + return $c->maybe::next::method(@_); } -sub finalize { +sub finalize_session { my $c = shift; + $c->maybe::next::method(@_); + + $c->_save_session_id; $c->_save_session; $c->_save_flash; - $c->NEXT::finalize(@_); + $c->_clear_session_instance_data; } -sub _save_session { +sub _save_session_id { my $c = shift; - - if ( my $sid = $c->_sessionid ) { - if ( my $session_data = $c->_session ) { - # all sessions are extended at the end of the request - my $now = time; - $c->store_session_data( "expires:$sid" => ( $c->config->{session}{expires} + $now ) ); + # we already called set when allocating + # no need to tell the state plugins anything new +} + +sub _save_session_expires { + my $c = shift; - my $new_sig = Object::Signature::signature( $session_data ); + if ( defined($c->_session_expires) ) { + my $expires = $c->session_expires; # force extension - no warnings 'uninitialized'; - if ( $new_sig ne $c->_session_data_sig ) { - $session_data->{__updated} = $now; - $c->store_session_data( "session:$sid" => $session_data ); - } + my $sid = $c->sessionid; + $c->store_session_data( "expires:$sid" => $expires ); + } +} + +sub _save_session { + my $c = shift; + + if ( my $session_data = $c->_session ) { + + no warnings 'uninitialized'; + if ( Object::Signature::signature($session_data) ne + $c->_session_data_sig ) + { + $session_data->{__updated} = time(); + my $sid = $c->sessionid; + $c->store_session_data( "session:$sid" => $session_data ); } } } @@ -109,66 +159,115 @@ sub _save_session { sub _save_flash { my $c = shift; - if ( my $sid = $c->_sessionid ) { - if ( my $flash_data = $c->_flash ) { - if ( %$flash_data ) { # damn 'my' declarations - delete @{ $flash_data }{ @{ $c->_flash_stale_keys || [] } }; - $c->store_session_data( "flash:$sid", $flash_data ); + if ( my $flash_data = $c->_flash ) { + + my $hashes = $c->_flash_key_hashes || {}; + my $keep = $c->_flash_keep_keys || {}; + foreach my $key ( keys %$hashes ) { + if ( !exists $keep->{$key} and Object::Signature::signature( \$flash_data->{$key} ) eq $hashes->{$key} ) { + delete $flash_data->{$key}; } - } else { - $c->delete_session_data( "flash:$sid" ); } + + my $sid = $c->sessionid; + + my $session_data = $c->_session; + if (%$flash_data) { + $session_data->{__flash} = $flash_data; + } + else { + delete $session_data->{__flash}; + } + $c->_session($session_data); + $c->_save_session; } } -sub _load_session { +sub _load_session_expires { my $c = shift; + return $c->_session_expires if $c->_tried_loading_session_expires; + $c->_tried_loading_session_expires(1); - if ( my $sid = $c->_sessionid ) { - no warnings 'uninitialized'; # ne __address - - my ( $session_data, $session_expires ) = $c->get_session_data( "session:$sid", "expires:$sid" ); - $c->_session( $session_data ); - - if ( !$session_data or $session_expires < time ) { + if ( my $sid = $c->sessionid ) { + my $expires = $c->get_session_data("expires:$sid") || 0; - # session expired - $c->log->debug("Deleting session $sid (expired)") if $c->debug; - $c->delete_session("session expired"); - } - elsif ($c->config->{session}{verify_address} - && $session_data->{__address} ne $c->request->address ) - { - $c->log->warn( - "Deleting session $sid due to address mismatch (" - . $session_data->{__address} . " != " - . $c->request->address . ")", - ); - $c->delete_session("address mismatch"); + if ( $expires >= time() ) { + $c->_session_expires( $expires ); + return $expires; + } else { + $c->delete_session( "session expired" ); + return 0; } - else { + } + + return; +} + +sub _load_session { + my $c = shift; + return $c->_session if $c->_tried_loading_session_data; + $c->_tried_loading_session_data(1); + + if ( my $sid = $c->sessionid ) { + if ( $c->_load_session_expires ) { # > 0 + + my $session_data = $c->get_session_data("session:$sid") || return; + $c->_session($session_data); + + no warnings 'uninitialized'; # ne __address + if ( $c->config->{session}{verify_address} + && $session_data->{__address} ne $c->request->address ) + { + $c->log->warn( + "Deleting session $sid due to address mismatch (" + . $session_data->{__address} . " != " + . $c->request->address . ")" + ); + $c->delete_session("address mismatch"); + return; + } + if ( $c->config->{session}{verify_user_agent} + && $session_data->{__user_agent} ne $c->request->user_agent ) + { + $c->log->warn( + "Deleting session $sid due to user agent mismatch (" + . $session_data->{__user_agent} . " != " + . $c->request->user_agent . ")" + ); + $c->delete_session("user agent mismatch"); + return; + } + $c->log->debug(qq/Restored session "$sid"/) if $c->debug; - $c->_session_data_sig( Object::Signature::signature( $session_data ) ); + $c->_session_data_sig( Object::Signature::signature($session_data) ) if $session_data; $c->_expire_session_keys; - } - return $session_data; + return $session_data; + } } - return undef; + return; } sub _load_flash { my $c = shift; + return $c->_flash if $c->_tried_loading_flash_data; + $c->_tried_loading_flash_data(1); - if ( my $sid = $c->_sessionid ) { - if ( my $flash_data = $c->_flash || $c->_flash( $c->get_session_data( "flash:$sid" ) ) ) { - $c->_flash_stale_keys([ keys %$flash_data ]); + if ( my $sid = $c->sessionid ) { + + my $session_data = $c->session; + $c->_flash($session_data->{__flash}); + + if ( my $flash_data = $c->_flash ) + { + $c->_flash_key_hashes({ map { $_ => Object::Signature::signature( \$flash_data->{$_} ) } keys %$flash_data }); + return $flash_data; } } - return undef; + return; } sub _expire_session_keys { @@ -176,82 +275,180 @@ sub _expire_session_keys { my $now = time; - my $expiry = ($data || $c->_session || {})->{__expire_keys} || {}; - foreach my $key (grep { $expiry->{$_} < $now } keys %$expiry ) { + my $expire_times = ( $data || $c->_session || {} )->{__expire_keys} || {}; + foreach my $key ( grep { $expire_times->{$_} < $now } keys %$expire_times ) { delete $c->_session->{$key}; - delete $expiry->{$key}; + delete $expire_times->{$key}; } } +sub _clear_session_instance_data { + my $c = shift; + $c->$_(undef) for @session_data_accessors; + $c->maybe::next::method(@_); # allow other plugins to hook in on this +} + sub delete_session { my ( $c, $msg ) = @_; + $c->log->debug("Deleting session" . ( defined($msg) ? "($msg)" : '(no reason given)') ) if $c->debug; + # delete the session data - my $sid = $c->_sessionid || return; - $c->delete_session_data( "session:$sid" ); + if ( my $sid = $c->sessionid ) { + $c->delete_session_data("${_}:${sid}") for qw/session expires flash/; + $c->delete_session_id($sid); + } # reset the values in the context object - $c->_session(undef); - $c->_sessionid(undef); + # see the BEGIN block + $c->_clear_session_instance_data; + $c->_session_delete_reason($msg); } sub session_delete_reason { my $c = shift; - $c->_load_session if ( $c->_sessionid && !$c->_session ); # must verify session data + $c->session_is_valid; # check that it was loaded - $c->_session_delete_reason( @_ ); + $c->_session_delete_reason(@_); } -sub sessionid { - my $c = shift; +sub session_expires { + my $c = shift; + + if ( defined( my $expires = $c->_extended_session_expires ) ) { + return $expires; + } elsif ( defined( $expires = $c->_load_session_expires ) ) { + return $c->extend_session_expires( $expires ); + } else { + return 0; + } +} + +sub extend_session_expires { + my ( $c, $expires ) = @_; + $c->_extended_session_expires( my $updated = $c->calculate_extended_session_expires( $expires ) ); + $c->extend_session_id( $c->sessionid, $updated ); + return $updated; +} + +sub calculate_initial_session_expires { + my $c = shift; + return ( time() + $c->config->{session}{expires} ); +} + +sub calculate_extended_session_expires { + my ( $c, $prev ) = @_; + $c->calculate_initial_session_expires; +} + +sub reset_session_expires { + my ( $c, $sid ) = @_; - if ( @_ ) { - if ( $c->validate_session_id( my $sid = shift ) ) { - $c->_sessionid( $sid ); - return unless defined wantarray; - } else { - my $err = "Tried to set invalid session ID '$sid'"; - $c->log->error( $err ); - Catalyst::Exception->throw( $err ); - } - } + my $exp = $c->calculate_initial_session_expires; + $c->_session_expires( $exp ); + $c->_extended_session_expires( $exp ); + $exp; +} + +sub sessionid { + my $c = shift; - $c->_load_session if ( $c->_sessionid && !$c->_session ); # must verify session data + return $c->_sessionid || $c->_load_sessionid; +} + +sub _load_sessionid { + my $c = shift; + return if $c->_tried_loading_session_id; + $c->_tried_loading_session_id(1); + + if ( defined( my $sid = $c->get_session_id ) ) { + if ( $c->validate_session_id($sid) ) { + # temporarily set the inner key, so that validation will work + $c->_sessionid($sid); + return $sid; + } else { + my $err = "Tried to set invalid session ID '$sid'"; + $c->log->error($err); + Catalyst::Exception->throw($err); + } + } - return $c->_sessionid; + return; +} + +sub session_is_valid { + my $c = shift; + + # force a check for expiry, but also __address, etc + if ( $c->_load_session ) { + return 1; + } else { + return; + } } sub validate_session_id { - my ( $c, $sid ) = @_; + my ( $c, $sid ) = @_; - $sid and $sid =~ /^[a-f\d]+$/i; + $sid and $sid =~ /^[a-f\d]+$/i; } sub session { my $c = shift; $c->_session || $c->_load_session || do { - $c->create_session_id; - + $c->create_session_id_if_needed; $c->initialize_session_data; - }; + }; } -sub flash { +sub keep_flash { + my ( $c, @keys ) = @_; + my $href = $c->_flash_keep_keys || $c->_flash_keep_keys({}); + (@{$href}{@keys}) = ((undef) x @keys); +} + +sub _flash_data { my $c = shift; $c->_flash || $c->_load_flash || do { - $c->create_session_id; + $c->create_session_id_if_needed; $c->_flash( {} ); + }; +} + +sub _set_flash { + my $c = shift; + if (@_) { + my $items = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0]; + croak('flash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $items; + @{ $c->_flash }{ keys %$items } = values %$items; } } +sub flash { + my $c = shift; + $c->_flash_data; + $c->_set_flash(@_); + return $c->_flash; +} + +sub clear_flash { + my $c = shift; + + #$c->delete_session_data("flash:" . $c->sessionid); # should this be in here? or delayed till finalization? + $c->_flash_key_hashes({}); + $c->_flash_keep_keys({}); + $c->_flash({}); +} + sub session_expire_key { my ( $c, %keys ) = @_; my $now = time; - @{ $c->session->{__expire_keys} }{keys %keys} = map { $now + $_ } values %keys; + @{ $c->session->{__expire_keys} }{ keys %keys } = + map { $now + $_ } values %keys; } sub initialize_session_data { @@ -259,16 +456,23 @@ sub initialize_session_data { my $now = time; - return $c->_session({ - __created => $now, - __updated => $now, - - ( - $c->config->{session}{verify_address} - ? ( __address => $c->request->address ) - : () - ), - }); + return $c->_session( + { + __created => $now, + __updated => $now, + + ( + $c->config->{session}{verify_address} + ? ( __address => $c->request->address ) + : () + ), + ( + $c->config->{session}{verify_user_agent} + ? ( __user_agent => $c->request->user_agent ) + : () + ), + } + ); } sub generate_session_id { @@ -279,16 +483,23 @@ sub generate_session_id { return $digest->hexdigest; } +sub create_session_id_if_needed { + my $c = shift; + $c->create_session_id unless $c->sessionid; +} + sub create_session_id { my $c = shift; + + my $sid = $c->generate_session_id; - if ( !$c->_sessionid ) { - my $sid = $c->generate_session_id; + $c->log->debug(qq/Created session "$sid"/) if $c->debug; - $c->log->debug(qq/Created session "$sid"/) if $c->debug; + $c->_sessionid($sid); + $c->reset_session_expires; + $c->set_session_id($sid); - $c->sessionid($sid); - } + return $sid; } my $counter; @@ -304,18 +515,15 @@ my $usable; sub _find_digest () { unless ($usable) { foreach my $alg (qw/SHA-1 SHA-256 MD5/) { - eval { - Digest->new($alg); - }; - unless ($@) { + if ( eval { Digest->new($alg) } ) { $usable = $alg; last; } } - $usable - or Catalyst::Exception->throw( + Catalyst::Exception->throw( "Could not find a suitable Digest module. Please install " - . "Digest::SHA1, Digest::SHA, or Digest::MD5" ); + . "Digest::SHA1, Digest::SHA, or Digest::MD5" ) + unless $usable; } return Digest->new($usable); @@ -325,7 +533,7 @@ sub dump_these { my $c = shift; ( - $c->NEXT::dump_these(), + $c->maybe::next::method(), $c->sessionid ? ( [ "Session ID" => $c->sessionid ], [ Session => $c->session ], ) @@ -333,6 +541,12 @@ sub dump_these { ); } + +sub get_session_id { shift->maybe::next::method(@_) } +sub set_session_id { shift->maybe::next::method(@_) } +sub delete_session_id { shift->maybe::next::method(@_) } +sub extend_session_id { shift->maybe::next::method(@_) } + __PACKAGE__; __END__ @@ -341,8 +555,7 @@ __END__ =head1 NAME -Catalyst::Plugin::Session - Generic Session plugin - ties together server side -storage and client side state required to maintain session data. +Catalyst::Plugin::Session - Generic Session plugin - ties together server side storage and client side state required to maintain session data. =head1 SYNOPSIS @@ -354,11 +567,11 @@ storage and client side state required to maintain session data. Session::State::Cookie /; - # you can replace Store::FastMmap with Store::File - both have sensible - # default configurations (see their docs for details) + # you can replace Store::FastMmap with Store::File - both have sensible + # default configurations (see their docs for details) - # more complicated backends are available for other scenarios (DBI storage, - # etc) + # more complicated backends are available for other scenarios (DBI storage, + # etc) # after you've loaded the plugins you can save session data @@ -403,7 +616,7 @@ made by the same client. This plugin links the two pieces together. -=head1 RECCOMENDED BACKENDS +=head1 RECOMENDED BACKENDS =over 4 @@ -438,10 +651,27 @@ requests. This method will automatically create a new session and session ID if none exists. +=item session_expires + +=item session_expires $reset + +This method returns the time when the current session will expire, or 0 if +there is no current session. If there is a session and it already expired, it +will delete the session and return 0 as well. + +If the C<$reset> parameter is true, and there is a session ID the expiry time +will be reset to the current time plus the time to live (see +L). This is used when creating a new session. + =item flash This is like Ruby on Rails' flash data structure. Think of it as a stash that -lasts a single redirect, not only a forward. +lasts for longer than one request, letting you redirect instead of forward. + +The flash data will be cleaned up only on requests on which actually use +$c->flash (thus allowing multiple redirections), and the policy is to delete +all the keys which haven't changed since the flash data was loaded at the end +of every request. sub moose : Local { my ( $self, $c ) = @_; @@ -468,6 +698,22 @@ lasts a single redirect, not only a forward. } } +=item clear_flash + +Zap all the keys in the flash regardless of their current state. + +=item keep_flash @keys + +If you want to keep a flash key for the next request too, even if it hasn't +changed, call C and pass in the keys as arguments. + +=item delete_session REASON + +This method is used to invalidate a session. It takes an optional parameter +which will be saved in C if provided. + +NOTE: This method will B delete your flash data. + =item session_delete_reason This accessor contains a string with the reason a session was deleted. Possible @@ -505,7 +751,7 @@ Note that these values are not auto extended. =back -=item INTERNAL METHODS +=head1 INTERNAL METHODS =over 4 @@ -526,21 +772,21 @@ listed in L. =item prepare_action -This methoid is extended. +This method is extended. -It's only effect is if the (off by default) C configuration +Its only effect is if the (off by default) C configuration parameter is on - then it will copy the contents of the flash to the stash at prepare time. -=item finalize +=item finalize_headers -This method is extended and will extend the expiry time, as well as persist the -session data if a session exists. +This method is extended and will extend the expiry time before sending +the response. -=item delete_session REASON +=item finalize_body -This method is used to invalidate a session. It takes an optional parameter -which will be saved in C if provided. +This method is extended and will call finalize_session before the other +finalize_body methods run. Here we persist the session data if a session exists. =item initialize_session_data @@ -549,15 +795,22 @@ called by the C method if appropriate. =item create_session_id -Creates a new session id using C if there is no session ID +Creates a new session ID using C if there is no session ID yet. +=item validate_session_id SID + +Make sure a session ID is of the right format. + +This currently ensures that the session ID string is any amount of case +insensitive hexadecimal characters. + =item generate_session_id This method will return a string that can be used as a session ID. It is supposed to be a reasonably random string with enough bits to prevent collision. It basically takes C and hashes it using SHA-1, -MD5 or SHA-256, depending on the availibility of these modules. +MD5 or SHA-256, depending on the availability of these modules. =item session_hash_seed @@ -566,38 +819,21 @@ overridable in case you want to provide more random data. Currently it returns a concatenated string which contains: -=item validate_session_id SID - -Make sure a session ID is of the right format. - -This currently ensures that the session ID string is any amount of case -insensitive hexadecimal characters. - =over 4 -=item * - -A counter +=item * A counter -=item * - -The current time +=item * The current time -=item * +=item * One value from C. -One value from C. - -=item * - -The stringified value of a newly allocated hash reference - -=item * +=item * The stringified value of a newly allocated hash reference -The stringified value of the Catalyst context object +=item * The stringified value of the Catalyst context object =back -In the hopes that those combined values are entropic enough for most uses. If +in the hopes that those combined values are entropic enough for most uses. If this is not the case you can replace C with e.g. sub session_hash_seed { @@ -619,11 +855,38 @@ Or even more directly, replace C: Also have a look at L and the various openssl bindings - these modules provide APIs for cryptographically secure random data. +=item finalize_session + +Clean up the session during C. + +This clears the various accessors after saving to the store. + =item dump_these See L - ammends the session data structure to the list of dumped objects if session ID is defined. + +=item calculate_extended_session_expires + +=item calculate_initial_session_expires + +=item create_session_id_if_needed + +=item delete_session_id + +=item extend_session_expires + +=item extend_session_id + +=item get_session_id + +=item reset_session_expires + +=item session_is_valid + +=item set_session_id + =back =head1 USING SESSIONS DURING PREPARE @@ -635,16 +898,16 @@ State plugins must set $c->session ID before C, and during C L will actually load the data from the store. - sub prepare_action { - my $c = shift; + sub prepare_action { + my $c = shift; - # don't touch $c->session yet! + # don't touch $c->session yet! - $c->NEXT::prepare_action( @_ ); + $c->NEXT::prepare_action( @_ ); - $c->session; # this is OK - $c->sessionid; # this is also OK - } + $c->session; # this is OK + $c->sessionid; # this is also OK + } =head1 CONFIGURATION @@ -667,6 +930,16 @@ hours). When true, C<<$c->request->address>> will be checked at prepare time. If it is not the same as the address that initiated the session, the session is deleted. +Defaults to false. + +=item verify_user_agent + +When true, C<<$c->request->user_agent>> will be checked at prepare time. If it +is not the same as the user agent that initiated the session, the session is +deleted. + +Defaults to false. + =item flash_to_stash This option makes it easier to have actions behave the same whether they were @@ -684,7 +957,7 @@ are automatically set: =item __expires -This key no longer exists. This data is now saved elsewhere. +This key no longer exists. Use C instead. =item __updated @@ -699,6 +972,11 @@ The time when the session was first created. The value of C<< $c->request->address >> at the time the session was created. This value is only populated if C is true in the configuration. +=item __user_agent + +The value of C<< $c->request->user_agent >> at the time the session was created. +This value is only populated if C is true in the configuration. + =back =head1 CAVEATS @@ -713,13 +991,13 @@ users' sessions cannot persist. To let these users access your site you can either disable address verification as a whole, or provide a checkbox in the login dialog that tells the server that it's OK for the address of the client to change. When the server sees that -this box is checked it should delete the C<__address> sepcial key from the +this box is checked it should delete the C<__address> special key from the session hash when the hash is first created. =head2 Race Conditions -In this day and age where cleaning detergents and dutch football (not the -american kind) teams roam the plains in great numbers, requests may happen +In this day and age where cleaning detergents and Dutch football (not the +American kind) teams roam the plains in great numbers, requests may happen simultaneously. This means that there is some risk of session data being overwritten, like this: @@ -727,7 +1005,7 @@ overwritten, like this: =item 1. -request a starts, request b starts, with the same session id +request a starts, request b starts, with the same session ID =item 2. @@ -752,7 +1030,7 @@ changes by request a =back -If this is a concern in your application, a soon to be developed locking +If this is a concern in your application, a soon-to-be-developed locking solution is the only safe way to go. This will have a bigger overhead. For applications where any given user is only making one request at a time this @@ -760,25 +1038,25 @@ plugin should be safe enough. =head1 AUTHORS -=over 4 +Andy Grundman -=item Andy Grundman +Christian Hansen -=item Christian Hansen +Yuval Kogman, C -=item Yuval Kogman, C (current maintainer) +Sebastian Riedel -=item Sebastian Riedel +Tomas Doran (t0m) C (current maintainer) -=back +Sergio Salvi And countless other contributers from #catalyst. Thanks guys! =head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE - Copyright (c) 2005 the aforementioned authors. All rights - reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute - it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. + Copyright (c) 2005 the aforementioned authors. All rights + reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute + it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut