" if @{$colheaders};
foreach (@{$colheaders}) {
- $result .= "
$_
";
+ $result .= "
$_
";
}
for ($row=0;$row<$rows;$row++) {
- $result .= "
";
- $result .= "
$rowheaders->[$row]
" if @$rowheaders;
+ $result .= "
";
+ $result .= "
$rowheaders->[$row]
" if @$rowheaders;
for ($column=0;$column<$columns;$column++) {
- $result .= "
" . $elements[$column*$rows + $row] . "
"
+ $result .= "
" . $elements[$column*$rows + $row] . "
"
if defined($elements[$column*$rows + $row]);
}
- $result .= "
";
+ $result .= "";
}
- $result .= "
";
+ $result .= "
";
return $result;
}
END_OF_FUNC
@@ -1953,7 +2037,7 @@ sub radio_group {
my($name,$values,$default,$linebreak,$labels,
$rows,$columns,$rowheaders,$colheaders,$override,$nolabels,@other) =
- $self->rearrange([NAME,[VALUES,VALUE],DEFAULT,LINEBREAK,LABELS,
+ rearrange([NAME,[VALUES,VALUE],DEFAULT,LINEBREAK,LABELS,
ROWS,[COLUMNS,COLS],
ROWHEADERS,COLHEADERS,
[OVERRIDE,FORCE],NOLABELS],@p);
@@ -1973,16 +2057,23 @@ sub radio_group {
my($other) = @other ? " @other" : '';
foreach (@values) {
- my($checkit) = $checked eq $_ ? ' CHECKED' : '';
- my($break) = $linebreak ? ' ' : '';
+ my($checkit) = $checked eq $_ ? qq/ checked="checked"/ : '';
+ my($break);
+ if ($linebreak) {
+ $break = $XHTML ? " " : " ";
+ }
+ else {
+ $break = '';
+ }
my($label)='';
unless (defined($nolabels) && $nolabels) {
$label = $_;
$label = $labels->{$_} if defined($labels) && defined($labels->{$_});
- $label = $self->escapeHTML($label);
+ $label = $self->escapeHTML($label,1);
}
$_=$self->escapeHTML($_);
- push(@elements,qq/${label}${break}/);
+ push(@elements,$XHTML ? qq(${label}${break})
+ : qq/${label}${break}/);
}
$self->register_parameter($name);
return wantarray ? @elements : join(' ',@elements)
@@ -2011,7 +2102,7 @@ sub popup_menu {
my($self,@p) = self_or_default(@_);
my($name,$values,$default,$labels,$override,@other) =
- $self->rearrange([NAME,[VALUES,VALUE],[DEFAULT,DEFAULTS],LABELS,[OVERRIDE,FORCE]],@p);
+ rearrange([NAME,[VALUES,VALUE],[DEFAULT,DEFAULTS],LABELS,[OVERRIDE,FORCE]],@p);
my($result,$selected);
if (!$override && defined($self->param($name))) {
@@ -2025,17 +2116,17 @@ sub popup_menu {
my(@values);
@values = $self->_set_values_and_labels($values,\$labels,$name);
- $result = qq/";
return $result;
}
END_OF_FUNC
@@ -2065,7 +2156,7 @@ END_OF_FUNC
sub scrolling_list {
my($self,@p) = self_or_default(@_);
my($name,$values,$defaults,$size,$multiple,$labels,$override,@other)
- = $self->rearrange([NAME,[VALUES,VALUE],[DEFAULTS,DEFAULT],
+ = rearrange([NAME,[VALUES,VALUE],[DEFAULTS,DEFAULT],
SIZE,MULTIPLE,LABELS,[OVERRIDE,FORCE]],@p);
my($result,@values);
@@ -2074,21 +2165,21 @@ sub scrolling_list {
$size = $size || scalar(@values);
my(%selected) = $self->previous_or_default($name,$defaults,$override);
- my($is_multiple) = $multiple ? ' MULTIPLE' : '';
- my($has_size) = $size ? " SIZE=$size" : '';
+ my($is_multiple) = $multiple ? qq/ multiple="multiple"/ : '';
+ my($has_size) = $size ? qq/ size="$size"/: '';
my($other) = @other ? " @other" : '';
$name=$self->escapeHTML($name);
- $result = qq/\n/;
+ $result = qq/\n/;
foreach (@values) {
- my($selectit) = $selected{$_} ? 'SELECTED' : '';
+ my($selectit) = $self->_selected($selected{$_});
my($label) = $_;
$label = $labels->{$_} if defined($labels) && defined($labels->{$_});
$label=$self->escapeHTML($label);
- my($value)=$self->escapeHTML($_);
- $result .= "\n";
}
- $result .= "\n";
+ $result .= "";
$self->register_parameter($name);
return $result;
}
@@ -2112,10 +2203,10 @@ sub hidden {
# calling scheme, so we have to special-case (darn)
my(@result,@value);
my($name,$default,$override,@other) =
- $self->rearrange([NAME,[DEFAULT,VALUE,VALUES],[OVERRIDE,FORCE]],@p);
+ rearrange([NAME,[DEFAULT,VALUE,VALUES],[OVERRIDE,FORCE]],@p);
my $do_override = 0;
- if ( ref($p[0]) || substr($p[0],0,1) eq '-' || $self->use_named_parameters ) {
+ if ( ref($p[0]) || substr($p[0],0,1) eq '-') {
@value = ref($default) ? @{$default} : $default;
$do_override = $override;
} else {
@@ -2130,8 +2221,9 @@ sub hidden {
$name=$self->escapeHTML($name);
foreach (@value) {
- $_ = defined($_) ? $self->escapeHTML($_) : '';
- push(@result,qq//);
+ $_ = defined($_) ? $self->escapeHTML($_,1) : '';
+ push @result,$XHTML ? qq()
+ : qq();
}
return wantarray ? @result : join('',@result);
}
@@ -2151,12 +2243,13 @@ sub image_button {
my($self,@p) = self_or_default(@_);
my($name,$src,$alignment,@other) =
- $self->rearrange([NAME,SRC,ALIGN],@p);
+ rearrange([NAME,SRC,ALIGN],@p);
- my($align) = $alignment ? " ALIGN=\U$alignment" : '';
+ my($align) = $alignment ? " align=\U\"$alignment\"" : '';
my($other) = @other ? " @other" : '';
$name=$self->escapeHTML($name);
- return qq//;
+ return $XHTML ? qq()
+ : qq//;
}
END_OF_FUNC
@@ -2191,23 +2284,24 @@ END_OF_FUNC
'url' => <<'END_OF_FUNC',
sub url {
my($self,@p) = self_or_default(@_);
- my ($relative,$absolute,$full,$path_info,$query) =
- $self->rearrange(['RELATIVE','ABSOLUTE','FULL',['PATH','PATH_INFO'],['QUERY','QUERY_STRING']],@p);
+ my ($relative,$absolute,$full,$path_info,$query,$base) =
+ rearrange(['RELATIVE','ABSOLUTE','FULL',['PATH','PATH_INFO'],['QUERY','QUERY_STRING'],'BASE'],@p);
my $url;
- $full++ if !($relative || $absolute);
+ $full++ if $base || !($relative || $absolute);
my $path = $self->path_info;
- my $script_name;
+ my $script_name = $self->script_name;
+
+ # for compatibility with Apache's MultiViews
if (exists($ENV{REQUEST_URI})) {
my $index;
$script_name = $ENV{REQUEST_URI};
- # strip query string
- substr($script_name,$index) = '' if ($index = index($script_name,'?')) >= 0;
+ $script_name =~ s/\?.+$//; # strip query string
# and path
- substr($script_name,$index) = '' if exists($ENV{PATH_INFO})
- and ($index = rindex($script_name,$ENV{PATH_INFO})) >= 0;
- } else {
- $script_name = $self->script_name;
+ if (exists($ENV{PATH_INFO})) {
+ (my $encoded_path = $ENV{PATH_INFO}) =~ s/([^a-zA-Z0-9_.%;&?\/\\:+=~-])/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
+ $script_name =~ s/$encoded_path$//i;
+ }
}
if ($full) {
@@ -2223,14 +2317,18 @@ sub url {
unless (lc($protocol) eq 'http' && $port == 80)
|| (lc($protocol) eq 'https' && $port == 443);
}
+ return $url if $base;
$url .= $script_name;
} elsif ($relative) {
($url) = $script_name =~ m!([^/]+)$!;
} elsif ($absolute) {
$url = $script_name;
}
+
$url .= $path if $path_info and defined $path;
$url .= "?" . $self->query_string if $query and $self->query_string;
+ $url = '' unless defined $url;
+ $url =~ s/([^a-zA-Z0-9_.%;&?\/\\:+=~-])/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
return $url;
}
@@ -2252,7 +2350,7 @@ END_OF_FUNC
sub cookie {
my($self,@p) = self_or_default(@_);
my($name,$value,$path,$domain,$secure,$expires) =
- $self->rearrange([NAME,[VALUE,VALUES],PATH,DOMAIN,SECURE,EXPIRES],@p);
+ rearrange([NAME,[VALUE,VALUES],PATH,DOMAIN,SECURE,EXPIRES],@p);
require CGI::Cookie;
@@ -2271,7 +2369,7 @@ sub cookie {
}
# If we get here, we're creating a new cookie
- return undef unless $name; # this is an error
+ return undef unless defined($name) && $name ne ''; # this is an error
my @param;
push(@param,'-name'=>$name);
@@ -2281,70 +2379,7 @@ sub cookie {
push(@param,'-expires'=>$expires) if $expires;
push(@param,'-secure'=>$secure) if $secure;
- return CGI::Cookie->new(@param);
-}
-END_OF_FUNC
-
-# This internal routine creates an expires time exactly some number of
-# hours from the current time. It incorporates modifications from
-# Mark Fisher.
-'expire_calc' => <<'END_OF_FUNC',
-sub expire_calc {
- my($time) = @_;
- my(%mult) = ('s'=>1,
- 'm'=>60,
- 'h'=>60*60,
- 'd'=>60*60*24,
- 'M'=>60*60*24*30,
- 'y'=>60*60*24*365);
- # format for time can be in any of the forms...
- # "now" -- expire immediately
- # "+180s" -- in 180 seconds
- # "+2m" -- in 2 minutes
- # "+12h" -- in 12 hours
- # "+1d" -- in 1 day
- # "+3M" -- in 3 months
- # "+2y" -- in 2 years
- # "-3m" -- 3 minutes ago(!)
- # If you don't supply one of these forms, we assume you are
- # specifying the date yourself
- my($offset);
- if (!$time || (lc($time) eq 'now')) {
- $offset = 0;
- } elsif ($time=~/^\d+/) {
- return $time;
- } elsif ($time=~/^([+-]?(?:\d+|\d*\.\d*))([mhdMy]?)/) {
- $offset = ($mult{$2} || 1)*$1;
- } else {
- return $time;
- }
- return (time+$offset);
-}
-END_OF_FUNC
-
-# This internal routine creates date strings suitable for use in
-# cookies and HTTP headers. (They differ, unfortunately.)
-# Thanks to Mark Fisher for this.
-'expires' => <<'END_OF_FUNC',
-sub expires {
- my($time,$format) = @_;
- $format ||= 'http';
-
- my(@MON)=qw/Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec/;
- my(@WDAY) = qw/Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat/;
-
- # pass through preformatted dates for the sake of expire_calc()
- $time = expire_calc($time);
- return $time unless $time =~ /^\d+$/;
-
- # make HTTP/cookie date string from GMT'ed time
- # (cookies use '-' as date separator, HTTP uses ' ')
- my($sc) = ' ';
- $sc = '-' if $format eq "cookie";
- my($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday) = gmtime($time);
- $year += 1900;
- return sprintf("%s, %02d$sc%s$sc%04d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT",
- $WDAY[$wday],$mday,$MON[$mon],$year,$hour,$min,$sec);
+ return new CGI::Cookie(@param);
}
END_OF_FUNC
@@ -2361,7 +2396,7 @@ END_OF_FUNC
'param_fetch' => <<'END_OF_FUNC',
sub param_fetch {
my($self,@p) = self_or_default(@_);
- my($name) = $self->rearrange([NAME],@p);
+ my($name) = rearrange([NAME],@p);
unless (exists($self->{$name})) {
$self->add_parameter($name);
$self->{$name} = [];
@@ -2443,6 +2478,9 @@ sub query_string {
push(@pairs,"$eparam=$value");
}
}
+ foreach (keys %{$self->{'.fieldnames'}}) {
+ push(@pairs,".cgifields=".escape("$_"));
+ }
return join($USE_PARAM_SEMICOLONS ? ';' : '&',@pairs);
}
END_OF_FUNC
@@ -2730,6 +2768,17 @@ sub user_name {
}
END_OF_FUNC
+#### Method: nosticky
+# Set or return the NOSTICKY global flag
+####
+'nosticky' => <<'END_OF_FUNC',
+sub nosticky {
+ my ($self,$param) = self_or_CGI(@_);
+ $CGI::NOSTICKY = $param if defined($param);
+ return $CGI::NOSTICKY;
+}
+END_OF_FUNC
+
#### Method: nph
# Set or return the NPH global flag
####
@@ -2757,8 +2806,12 @@ END_OF_FUNC
####
'default_dtd' => <<'END_OF_FUNC',
sub default_dtd {
- my ($self,$param) = self_or_CGI(@_);
- $CGI::DEFAULT_DTD = $param if defined($param);
+ my ($self,$param,$param2) = self_or_CGI(@_);
+ if (defined $param2 && defined $param) {
+ $CGI::DEFAULT_DTD = [ $param, $param2 ];
+ } elsif (defined $param) {
+ $CGI::DEFAULT_DTD = $param;
+ }
return $CGI::DEFAULT_DTD;
}
END_OF_FUNC
@@ -2803,9 +2856,9 @@ END_OF_FUNC
sub read_from_cmdline {
my($input,@words);
my($query_string);
- if (@ARGV) {
+ if ($DEBUG && @ARGV) {
@words = @ARGV;
- } else {
+ } elsif ($DEBUG > 1) {
require "shellwords.pl";
print STDERR "(offline mode: enter name=value pairs on standard input)\n";
chomp(@lines = ); # remove newlines
@@ -2852,7 +2905,7 @@ sub read_multipart {
my($param)= $header{'Content-Disposition'}=~/ name="?([^\";]*)"?/;
# Bug: Netscape doesn't escape quotation marks in file names!!!
- my($filename) = $header{'Content-Disposition'}=~/ filename="?([^\";]*)"?/;
+ my($filename) = $header{'Content-Disposition'}=~/ filename="?([^\"]*)"?/;
# add this parameter to our list
$self->add_parameter($param);
@@ -2880,12 +2933,12 @@ sub read_multipart {
# choose a relatively unpredictable tmpfile sequence number
my $seqno = unpack("%16C*",join('',localtime,values %ENV));
for (my $cnt=10;$cnt>0;$cnt--) {
- next unless $tmpfile = new TempFile($seqno);
+ next unless $tmpfile = new CGITempFile($seqno);
$tmp = $tmpfile->as_string;
last if defined($filehandle = Fh->new($filename,$tmp,$PRIVATE_TEMPFILES));
$seqno += int rand(100);
}
- die "CGI open of tmpfile: $!\n" unless $filehandle;
+ die "CGI open of tmpfile: $!\n" unless defined $filehandle;
$CGI::DefaultClass->binmode($filehandle) if $CGI::needs_binmode;
my ($data);
@@ -2913,10 +2966,9 @@ END_OF_FUNC
'upload' =><<'END_OF_FUNC',
sub upload {
my($self,$param_name) = self_or_default(@_);
- my $param = $self->param($param_name);
- return unless $param;
- return unless ref($param) && fileno($param);
- return $param;
+ my @param = grep(ref && fileno($_), $self->param($param_name));
+ return unless @param;
+ return wantarray ? @param : $param[0];
}
END_OF_FUNC
@@ -2985,7 +3037,7 @@ sub asString {
my $self = shift;
# get rid of package name
(my $i = $$self) =~ s/^\*(\w+::fh\d{5})+//;
- $i =~ s/\\(.)/$1/g;
+ $i =~ s/%(..)/ chr(hex($1)) /eg;
return $i;
# BEGIN DEAD CODE
# This was an extremely clever patch that allowed "use strict refs".
@@ -3010,10 +3062,12 @@ END_OF_FUNC
sub new {
my($pack,$name,$file,$delete) = @_;
require Fcntl unless defined &Fcntl::O_RDWR;
- my $ref = \*{'Fh::' . ++$FH . quotemeta($name)};
+ (my $safename = $name) =~ s/([':%])/ sprintf '%%%02X', ord $1 /eg;
+ my $fv = ++$FH . $safename;
+ my $ref = \*{"Fh::$fv"};
sysopen($ref,$file,Fcntl::O_RDWR()|Fcntl::O_CREAT()|Fcntl::O_EXCL(),0600) || return;
unlink($file) if $delete;
- CORE::delete $Fh::{$FH};
+ CORE::delete $Fh::{$fv};
return bless $ref,$pack;
}
END_OF_FUNC
@@ -3073,6 +3127,7 @@ sub new {
# Netscape seems to be a little bit unreliable
# about providing boundary strings.
+ my $boundary_read = 0;
if ($boundary) {
# Under the MIME spec, the boundary consists of the
@@ -3080,7 +3135,7 @@ sub new {
# BUG: IE 3.01 on the Macintosh uses just the boundary -- not
# the two extra hyphens. We do a special case here on the user-agent!!!!
- $boundary = "--$boundary" unless CGI::user_agent('MSIE\s+3\.0[12];\s*Mac');
+ $boundary = "--$boundary" unless CGI::user_agent('MSIE\s+3\.0[12];\s*Mac|DreamPassport');
} else { # otherwise we find it ourselves
my($old);
@@ -3089,6 +3144,7 @@ sub new {
$length -= length($boundary);
chomp($boundary); # remove the CRLF
$/ = $old; # restore old line separator
+ $boundary_read++;
}
my $self = {LENGTH=>$length,
@@ -3104,7 +3160,9 @@ sub new {
my $retval = bless $self,ref $package || $package;
# Read the preamble and the topmost (boundary) line plus the CRLF.
- while ($self->read(0)) { }
+ unless ($boundary_read) {
+ while ($self->read(0)) { }
+ }
die "Malformed multipart POST\n" if $self->eof;
return $retval;
@@ -3118,9 +3176,7 @@ sub readHeader {
my($ok) = 0;
my($bad) = 0;
- if ($CGI::OS eq 'VMS') { # tssk, tssk: inconsistency alert!
- local($CRLF) = "\015\012";
- }
+ local($CRLF) = "\015\012" if $CGI::OS eq 'VMS';
do {
$self->fillBuffer($FILLUNIT);
@@ -3185,8 +3241,7 @@ sub read {
die "Malformed multipart POST\n" unless ($start >= 0) || ($self->{LENGTH} > 0);
# If the boundary begins the data, then skip past it
- # and return undef. The +2 here is a fiendish plot to
- # remove the CR/LF pair at the end of the boundary.
+ # and return undef.
if ($start == 0) {
# clear us out completely if we've hit the last boundary.
@@ -3197,7 +3252,8 @@ sub read {
}
# just remove the boundary.
- substr($self->{BUFFER},0,length($self->{BOUNDARY})+2)='';
+ substr($self->{BUFFER},0,length($self->{BOUNDARY}))='';
+ $self->{BUFFER} =~ s/^\012\015?//;
return undef;
}
@@ -3215,7 +3271,8 @@ sub read {
substr($self->{BUFFER},0,$bytesToReturn)='';
# If we hit the boundary, remove the CRLF from the end.
- return ($start > 0) ? substr($returnval,0,-2) : $returnval;
+ return (($start > 0) && ($start <= $bytes))
+ ? substr($returnval,0,-2) : $returnval;
}
END_OF_FUNC
@@ -3272,7 +3329,7 @@ END_OF_AUTOLOAD
####################################################################################
################################## TEMPORARY FILES #################################
####################################################################################
-package TempFile;
+package CGITempFile;
$SL = $CGI::SL;
$MAC = $CGI::OS eq 'MACINTOSH';
@@ -3280,17 +3337,19 @@ my ($vol) = $MAC ? MacPerl::Volumes() =~ /:(.*)/ : "";
unless ($TMPDIRECTORY) {
@TEMP=("${SL}usr${SL}tmp","${SL}var${SL}tmp",
"C:${SL}temp","${SL}tmp","${SL}temp",
- "${vol}${SL}Temporary Items","${SL}sys\$scratch",
- "${SL}WWW_ROOT");
+ "${vol}${SL}Temporary Items",
+ "${SL}WWW_ROOT", "${SL}SYS\$SCRATCH",
+ "C:${SL}system${SL}temp");
unshift(@TEMP,$ENV{'TMPDIR'}) if exists $ENV{'TMPDIR'};
- #
+ # this feature was supposed to provide per-user tmpfiles, but
+ # it is problematic.
# unshift(@TEMP,(getpwuid($<))[7].'/tmp') if $CGI::OS eq 'UNIX';
# Rob: getpwuid() is unfortunately UNIX specific. On brain dead OS'es this
# : can generate a 'getpwuid() not implemented' exception, even though
# : it's never called. Found under DOS/Win with the DJGPP perl port.
# : Refer to getpwuid() only at run-time if we're fortunate and have UNIX.
- unshift(@TEMP,(eval {(getpwuid($<))[7]}).'/tmp') if $CGI::OS eq 'UNIX';
+ # unshift(@TEMP,(eval {(getpwuid($>))[7]}).'/tmp') if $CGI::OS eq 'UNIX' and $> != 0;
foreach (@TEMP) {
do {$TMPDIRECTORY = $_; last} if -d $_ && -w _;
@@ -3302,7 +3361,12 @@ $MAXTRIES = 5000;
# cute feature, but overload implementation broke it
# %OVERLOAD = ('""'=>'as_string');
-*TempFile::AUTOLOAD = \&CGI::AUTOLOAD;
+*CGITempFile::AUTOLOAD = \&CGI::AUTOLOAD;
+
+sub DESTROY {
+ my($self) = @_;
+ unlink $$self; # get rid of the file
+}
###############################################################################
################# THESE FUNCTIONS ARE AUTOLOADED ON DEMAND ####################
@@ -3319,19 +3383,12 @@ sub new {
last if ! -f ($filename = sprintf("${TMPDIRECTORY}${SL}CGItemp%d",$sequence++));
}
# untaint the darn thing
- return unless $filename =~ m!^([a-zA-Z0-9_ '":/\\]+)$!;
+ return unless $filename =~ m!^([a-zA-Z0-9_ '":/.\$\\-]+)$!;
$filename = $1;
return bless \$filename;
}
END_OF_FUNC
-'DESTROY' => <<'END_OF_FUNC',
-sub DESTROY {
- my($self) = @_;
- unlink $$self; # get rid of the file
-}
-END_OF_FUNC
-
'as_string' => <<'END_OF_FUNC'
sub as_string {
my($self) = @_;
@@ -3479,17 +3536,6 @@ acceptable. In fact, only the first argument needs to begin with a
dash. If a dash is present in the first argument, CGI.pm assumes
dashes for the subsequent ones.
-You don't have to use the hyphen at all if you don't want to. After
-creating a CGI object, call the B method with
-a nonzero value. This will tell CGI.pm that you intend to use named
-parameters exclusively:
-
- $query = new CGI;
- $query->use_named_parameters(1);
- $field = $query->radio_group('name'=>'OS',
- 'values'=>['Unix','Windows','Macintosh'],
- 'default'=>'Unix');
-
Several routines are commonly called with just one argument. In the
case of these routines you can provide the single argument without an
argument name. header() happens to be one of these routines. In this
@@ -3506,7 +3552,7 @@ For example, the param() routine is used to set a CGI parameter to a
single or a multi-valued value. The two cases are shown below:
$q->param(-name=>'veggie',-value=>'tomato');
- $q->param(-name=>'veggie',-value=>'[tomato','tomahto','potato','potahto']);
+ $q->param(-name=>'veggie',-value=>['tomato','tomahto','potato','potahto']);
A large number of routines in CGI.pm actually aren't specifically
defined in the module, but are generated automatically as needed.
@@ -3521,10 +3567,10 @@ this:
Code Generated HTML
---- --------------
- h1()
- h1('some','contents');
some contents
- h1({-align=>left});
- h1({-align=>left},'contents');
contents
+ h1()
+ h1('some','contents');
some contents
+ h1({-align=>left});
+ h1({-align=>left},'contents');
contents
HTML tags are described in more detail later.
@@ -3547,12 +3593,18 @@ have several choices:
=over 4
-=item 1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. For
-example, -value is an alias for -values.
+=item 1.
-=item 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values
+Use another name for the argument, if one is available.
+For example, -value is an alias for -values.
-=item 3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values'
+=item 2.
+
+Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values
+
+=item 3.
+
+Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values'
=back
@@ -3655,10 +3707,11 @@ parsed keywords can be obtained as an array using the keywords() method.
@names = $query->param
If the script was invoked with a parameter list
-(e.g. "name1=value1&name2=value2&name3=value3"), the param()
-method will return the parameter names as a list. If the
-script was invoked as an script, there will be a
-single parameter named 'keywords'.
+(e.g. "name1=value1&name2=value2&name3=value3"), the param() method
+will return the parameter names as a list. If the script was invoked
+as an script and contains a string without ampersands
+(e.g. "value1+value2+value3") , there will be a single parameter named
+"keywords" containing the "+"-delimited keywords.
NOTE: As of version 1.5, the array of parameter names returned will
be in the same order as they were submitted by the browser.
@@ -3679,6 +3732,10 @@ named parameter. If the parameter is multivalued (e.g. from multiple
selections in a scrolling list), you can ask to receive an array. Otherwise
the method will return a single value.
+If a value is not given in the query string, as in the queries
+"name1=&name2=" or "name1&name2", it will be returned as an empty
+string. This feature is new in 2.63.
+
=head2 SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
$query->param('foo','an','array','of','values');
@@ -3769,13 +3826,13 @@ the keys are the names of the CGI parameters, and the values are the
parameters' values. The Vars() method does this. Called in a scalar
context, it returns the parameter list as a tied hash reference.
Changing a key changes the value of the parameter in the underlying
-CGI parameter list. Called in an array context, it returns the
+CGI parameter list. Called in a list context, it returns the
parameter list as an ordinary hash. This allows you to read the
contents of the parameter list, but not to change it.
When using this, the thing you must watch out for are multivalued CGI
parameters. Because a hash cannot distinguish between scalar and
-array context, multivalued parameters will be returned as a packed
+list context, multivalued parameters will be returned as a packed
string, separated by the "\0" (null) character. You must split this
packed string in order to get at the individual values. This is the
convention introduced long ago by Steve Brenner in his cgi-lib.pl
@@ -3902,9 +3959,14 @@ Import all methods that generate HTML 2.0 standard elements.
=item B<:html3>
-Import all methods that generate HTML 3.0 proposed elements (such as
+Import all methods that generate HTML 3.0 elements (such as
, and ).
+=item B<:html4>
+
+Import all methods that generate HTML 4 elements (such as
+, and ).
+
=item B<:netscape>
Import all methods that generate Netscape-specific HTML extensions.
@@ -3916,7 +3978,7 @@ Import all HTML-generating shortcuts (i.e. 'html2' + 'html3' +
=item B<:standard>
-Import "standard" features, 'html2', 'html3', 'form' and 'cgi'.
+Import "standard" features, 'html2', 'html3', 'html4', 'form' and 'cgi'.
=item B<:all>
@@ -3929,7 +3991,7 @@ If you import a function name that is not part of CGI.pm, the module
will treat it as a new HTML tag and generate the appropriate
subroutine. You can then use it like any other HTML tag. This is to
provide for the rapidly-evolving HTML "standard." For example, say
-Microsoft comes out with a new tag called (which causes the
+Microsoft comes out with a new tag called (which causes the
user's desktop to be flooded with a rotating gradient fill until his
machine reboots). You don't need to wait for a new version of CGI.pm
to start using it immediately:
@@ -3982,10 +4044,10 @@ you can import. Pragmas, which are always preceded by a hyphen,
change the way that CGI.pm functions in various ways. Pragmas,
function sets, and individual functions can all be imported in the
same use() line. For example, the following use statement imports the
-standard set of functions and disables debugging mode (pragma
--no_debug):
+standard set of functions and enables debugging mode (pragma
+-debug):
- use CGI qw/:standard -no_debug/;
+ use CGI qw/:standard -debug/;
The current list of pragmas is as follows:
@@ -4025,6 +4087,25 @@ the effect of importing the compiled functions into the current
namespace. If you want to compile without importing use the
compile() method instead (see below).
+=item -nosticky
+
+This makes CGI.pm not generating the hidden fields .submit
+and .cgifields. It is very useful if you don't want to
+have the hidden fields appear in the querystring in a GET method.
+For example, a search script generated this way will have
+a very nice url with search parameters for bookmarking.
+
+=item -no_undef_params
+
+This keeps CGI.pm from including undef params in the parameter list.
+
+=item -no_xhtml
+
+By default, CGI.pm versions 2.69 and higher emit XHTML
+(http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/). The -no_xhtml pragma disables this
+feature. Thanks to Michalis Kabrianis for this
+feature.
+
=item -nph
This makes CGI.pm produce a header appropriate for an NPH (no
@@ -4043,6 +4124,13 @@ Semicolon-delimited query strings are always accepted, but will not be
emitted by self_url() and query_string() unless the -newstyle_urls
pragma is specified.
+This became the default in version 2.64.
+
+=item -oldstyle_urls
+
+Separate the name=value pairs in CGI parameter query strings with
+ampersands rather than semicolons. This is no longer the default.
+
=item -autoload
This overrides the autoloader so that any function in your program
@@ -4059,16 +4147,17 @@ to the top of your script.
This turns off the command-line processing features. If you want to
run a CGI.pm script from the command line to produce HTML, and you
-don't want it pausing to request CGI parameters from standard input or
-the command line, then use this pragma:
+don't want it to read CGI parameters from the command line or STDIN,
+then use this pragma:
use CGI qw(-no_debug :standard);
-If you'd like to process the command-line parameters but not standard
-input, this should work:
+=item -debug
- use CGI qw(-no_debug :standard);
- restore_parameters(join('&',@ARGV));
+This turns on full debugging. In addition to reading CGI arguments
+from the command-line processing, CGI.pm will pause and try to read
+arguments from STDIN, producing the message "(offline mode: enter
+name=value pairs on standard input)" features.
See the section on debugging for more details.
@@ -4116,7 +4205,7 @@ For example:
produces
-
Level 1 Header
+
Level 1 Header
There will be some times when you want to produce the start and end
tags yourself. In this case, you can use the form start_I
@@ -4140,13 +4229,13 @@ the standard ones:
=over 4
-=item 1. start_table() (generates a
tag)
+=item 1. start_table() (generates a
tag)
-=item 2. end_table() (generates a
tag)
+=item 2. end_table() (generates a
tag)
-=item 3. start_ul() (generates a
tag)
+=item 3. start_ul() (generates a
tag)
-=item 4. end_ul() (generates a
tag)
+=item 4. end_ul() (generates a
tag)
=back
@@ -4188,6 +4277,8 @@ pages.
-status=>'402 Payment required',
-expires=>'+3d',
-cookie=>$cookie,
+ -charset=>'utf-7',
+ -attachment=>'foo.gif',
-Cost=>'$2.00');
header() returns the Content-type: header. You can provide your own
@@ -4229,9 +4320,18 @@ such as expiration time. Use the cookie() method to create and retrieve
session cookies.
The B<-nph> parameter, if set to a true value, will issue the correct
-headers to work with a NPH (no-parse-header) script. This is important
-to use with certain servers, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, which
-expect all their scripts to be NPH.
+headers to work with an NPH (no-parse-header) script. This is important
+to use with certain servers that expect all their scripts to be NPH.
+
+The B<-charset> parameter can be used to control the character set
+sent to the browser. If not provided, defaults to ISO-8859-1. As a
+side effect, this sets the charset() method as well.
+
+The B<-attachment> parameter can be used to turn the page into an
+attachment. Instead of displaying the page, some browsers will prompt
+the user to save it to disk. The value of the argument is the
+suggested name for the saved file. In order for this to work, you may
+have to set the B<-type> to "application/octet-stream".
=head2 GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
@@ -4243,9 +4343,7 @@ time of day or the identity of the user.
The redirect() function redirects the browser to a different URL. If
you use redirection like this, you should B print out a header as
-well. As of version 2.0, we produce both the unofficial Location:
-header and the official URI: header. This should satisfy most servers
-and browsers.
+well.
One hint I can offer is that relative links may not work correctly
when you generate a redirection to another document on your site.
@@ -4259,7 +4357,7 @@ You can also use named arguments:
-nph=>1);
The B<-nph> parameter, if set to a true value, will issue the correct
-headers to work with a NPH (no-parse-header) script. This is important
+headers to work with an NPH (no-parse-header) script. This is important
to use with certain servers, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, which
expect all their scripts to be NPH.
@@ -4279,14 +4377,15 @@ out an HTML document. The start_html() routine creates the top of the
page, along with a lot of optional information that controls the
page's appearance and behavior.
-This method returns a canned HTML header and the opening tag.
+This method returns a canned HTML header and the opening tag.
All parameters are optional. In the named parameter form, recognized
-parameters are -title, -author, -base, -xbase and -target (see below
-for the explanation). Any additional parameters you provide, such as
-the Netscape unofficial BGCOLOR attribute, are added to the
-tag. Additional parameters must be proceeded by a hyphen.
+parameters are -title, -author, -base, -xbase, -dtd, -lang and -target
+(see below for the explanation). Any additional parameters you
+provide, such as the Netscape unofficial BGCOLOR attribute, are added
+to the tag. Additional parameters must be proceeded by a
+hyphen.
-The argument B<-xbase> allows you to provide an HREF for the tag
+The argument B<-xbase> allows you to provide an HREF for the tag
different from the current location, as in
-xbase=>"http://home.mcom.com/"
@@ -4294,8 +4393,10 @@ different from the current location, as in
All relative links will be interpreted relative to this tag.
The argument B<-target> allows you to provide a default target frame
-for all the links and fill-out forms on the page. See the Netscape
-documentation on frames for details of how to manipulate this.
+for all the links and fill-out forms on the page. B
+See the Netscape documentation on frames for details of how to
+manipulate this.
-target=>"answer_window"
@@ -4303,29 +4404,35 @@ All relative links will be interpreted relative to this tag.
You add arbitrary meta information to the header with the B<-meta>
argument. This argument expects a reference to an associative array
containing name/value pairs of meta information. These will be turned
-into a series of header tags that look something like this:
+into a series of header tags that look something like this:
-
-
+
+
-There is no support for the HTTP-EQUIV type of tag. This is
-because you can modify the HTTP header directly with the B
-method. For example, if you want to send the Refresh: header, do it
-in the header() method:
+To create an HTTP-EQUIV type of tag, use B<-head>, described
+below.
- print $q->header(-Refresh=>'10; URL=http://www.capricorn.com');
+The B<-style> argument is used to incorporate cascading stylesheets
+into your code. See the section on CASCADING STYLESHEETS for more
+information.
-The B<-style> tag is used to incorporate cascading stylesheets into
-your code. See the section on CASCADING STYLESHEETS for more information.
+The B<-lang> argument is used to incorporate a language attribute into
+the tag. The default if not specified is "en-US" for US
+English. For example:
-You can place other arbitrary HTML elements to the section with the
-B<-head> tag. For example, to place the rarely-used element in the
+ print $q->start_html(-lang=>'fr-CA');
+
+The B<-encoding> argument can be used to specify the character set for
+XHTML. It defaults to UTF-8 if not specified.
+
+You can place other arbitrary HTML elements to the section with the
+B<-head> tag. For example, to place the rarely-used element in the
head section, use this:
print start_html(-head=>Link({-rel=>'next',
- -href=>'http://www.capricorn.com/s2.html'}));
+ -href=>'http://www.capricorn.com/s2.html'}));
-To incorporate multiple HTML elements into the section, just pass an
+To incorporate multiple HTML elements into the section, just pass an
array reference:
print start_html(-head=>[
@@ -4336,11 +4443,17 @@ array reference:
]
);
+And here's how to create an HTTP-EQUIV tag:
+
+ print start_html(-head=>meta({-http_equiv => 'Content-Type',
+ -content => 'text/html'}))
+
+
JAVASCRIPTING: The B<-script>, B<-noScript>, B<-onLoad>,
B<-onMouseOver>, B<-onMouseOut> and B<-onUnload> parameters are used
to add Netscape JavaScript calls to your pages. B<-script> should
point to a block of text containing JavaScript function definitions.
-This block will be placed within a