Code Points 1st Byte 2nd Byte 3rd Byte 4th Byte
U+0000..U+007F 00..7F
- U+0080..U+07FF C2..DF 80..BF
+ U+0080..U+07FF * C2..DF 80..BF
U+0800..U+0FFF E0 * A0..BF 80..BF
U+1000..U+CFFF E1..EC 80..BF 80..BF
- U+D000..U+D7FF ED * 80..9F 80..BF
+ U+D000..U+D7FF ED 80..9F 80..BF
U+D800..U+DFFF +++++++ utf16 surrogates, not legal utf8 +++++++
U+E000..U+FFFF EE..EF 80..BF 80..BF
U+10000..U+3FFFF F0 * 90..BF 80..BF 80..BF
U+40000..U+FFFFF F1..F3 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
U+100000..U+10FFFF F4 80..8F 80..BF 80..BF
-Note the gaps before the 2nd Byte entries above marked by '*'. These are
+Note the gaps before several of the byte entries above marked by '*'. These are
caused by legal UTF-8 avoiding non-shortest encodings: it is technically
possible to UTF-8-encode a single code point in different ways, but that is
explicitly forbidden, and the shortest possible encoding should always be used
00000dddccccccbbbbbbaaaaaa 11110ddd 10cccccc 10bbbbbb 10aaaaaa
As you can see, the continuation bytes all begin with C<10>, and the
-leading bits of the start byte tell how many bytes the are in the
+leading bits of the start byte tell how many bytes there are in the
encoded character.
*/