Ensure that POSIX.pm is strict and warnings compliant throughout if
[p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git] / toke.c
diff --git a/toke.c b/toke.c
index 1189b29..32edd1d 100644 (file)
--- a/toke.c
+++ b/toke.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*    toke.c
  *
  *    Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
- *    2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, by Larry Wall and others
+ *    2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, by Larry Wall and others
  *
  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
 #define PERL_IN_TOKE_C
 #include "perl.h"
 
-#define yychar (*PL_yycharp)
-#define yylval (*PL_yylvalp)
+#define yylval (PL_parser->yylval)
 
-static char const ident_too_long[] = "Identifier too long";
-static char const c_without_g[] = "Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g";
-static char const c_in_subst[] = "Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///";
+static const char ident_too_long[] = "Identifier too long";
+static const char commaless_variable_list[] = "comma-less variable list";
 
 static void restore_rsfp(pTHX_ void *f);
 #ifndef PERL_NO_UTF16_FILTER
@@ -36,6 +34,14 @@ static I32 utf16_textfilter(pTHX_ int idx, SV *sv, int maxlen);
 static I32 utf16rev_textfilter(pTHX_ int idx, SV *sv, int maxlen);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+#  define CURMAD(slot,sv) if (PL_madskills) { curmad(slot,sv); sv = 0; }
+#  define NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE PL_nexttoke[PL_curforce].next_val
+#else
+#  define CURMAD(slot,sv)
+#  define NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke]
+#endif
+
 #define XFAKEBRACK 128
 #define XENUMMASK 127
 
@@ -63,20 +69,25 @@ static I32 utf16rev_textfilter(pTHX_ int idx, SV *sv, int maxlen);
 
 /* #define LEX_NOTPARSING              11 is done in perl.h. */
 
-#define LEX_NORMAL             10
-#define LEX_INTERPNORMAL        9
-#define LEX_INTERPCASEMOD       8
-#define LEX_INTERPPUSH          7
-#define LEX_INTERPSTART                 6
-#define LEX_INTERPEND           5
-#define LEX_INTERPENDMAYBE      4
-#define LEX_INTERPCONCAT        3
-#define LEX_INTERPCONST                 2
-#define LEX_FORMLINE            1
-#define LEX_KNOWNEXT            0
+#define LEX_NORMAL             10 /* normal code (ie not within "...")     */
+#define LEX_INTERPNORMAL        9 /* code within a string, eg "$foo[$x+1]" */
+#define LEX_INTERPCASEMOD       8 /* expecting a \U, \Q or \E etc          */
+#define LEX_INTERPPUSH          7 /* starting a new sublex parse level     */
+#define LEX_INTERPSTART                 6 /* expecting the start of a $var         */
+
+                                  /* at end of code, eg "$x" followed by:  */
+#define LEX_INTERPEND           5 /* ... eg not one of [, { or ->          */
+#define LEX_INTERPENDMAYBE      4 /* ... eg one of [, { or ->              */
+
+#define LEX_INTERPCONCAT        3 /* expecting anything, eg at start of
+                                       string or after \E, $foo, etc       */
+#define LEX_INTERPCONST                 2 /* NOT USED */
+#define LEX_FORMLINE            1 /* expecting a format line               */
+#define LEX_KNOWNEXT            0 /* next token known; just return it      */
+
 
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
-static char const* lex_state_names[] = {
+static const char* const lex_state_names[] = {
     "KNOWNEXT",
     "FORMLINE",
     "INTERPCONST",
@@ -104,6 +115,18 @@ static char const* lex_state_names[] = {
 #endif
 #define CLINE (PL_copline = (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < PL_copline ? CopLINE(PL_curcop) : PL_copline))
 
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+#  define SKIPSPACE0(s) skipspace0(s)
+#  define SKIPSPACE1(s) skipspace1(s)
+#  define SKIPSPACE2(s,tsv) skipspace2(s,&tsv)
+#  define PEEKSPACE(s) skipspace2(s,0)
+#else
+#  define SKIPSPACE0(s) skipspace(s)
+#  define SKIPSPACE1(s) skipspace(s)
+#  define SKIPSPACE2(s,tsv) skipspace(s)
+#  define PEEKSPACE(s) skipspace(s)
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Convenience functions to return different tokens and prime the
  * lexer for the next token.  They all take an argument.
@@ -133,7 +156,7 @@ static char const* lex_state_names[] = {
  */
 
 #ifdef DEBUGGING /* Serve -DT. */
-#   define REPORT(retval) tokereport(s,(int)retval)
+#   define REPORT(retval) tokereport((I32)retval)
 #else
 #   define REPORT(retval) (retval)
 #endif
@@ -164,25 +187,29 @@ static char const* lex_state_names[] = {
  * The UNIDOR macro is for unary functions that can be followed by the //
  * operator (such as C<shift // 0>).
  */
-#define UNI2(f,x) return ( \
-       yylval.ival = f, \
-       PL_expect = x, \
-       PL_bufptr = s, \
-       PL_last_uni = PL_oldbufptr, \
-       PL_last_lop_op = f, \
-       REPORT( \
-           (*s == '(' || (s = skipspace(s), *s == '(')  \
-           ? (int)FUNC1 : (int)UNIOP)))
+#define UNI2(f,x) { \
+       yylval.ival = f; \
+       PL_expect = x; \
+       PL_bufptr = s; \
+       PL_last_uni = PL_oldbufptr; \
+       PL_last_lop_op = f; \
+       if (*s == '(') \
+           return REPORT( (int)FUNC1 ); \
+       s = PEEKSPACE(s); \
+       return REPORT( *s=='(' ? (int)FUNC1 : (int)UNIOP ); \
+       }
 #define UNI(f)    UNI2(f,XTERM)
 #define UNIDOR(f) UNI2(f,XTERMORDORDOR)
 
-#define UNIBRACK(f) return ( \
-       yylval.ival = f, \
-       PL_bufptr = s, \
-       PL_last_uni = PL_oldbufptr, \
-        REPORT( \
-           (*s == '(' || (s = skipspace(s), *s == '(') \
-       ? (int)FUNC1 : (int)UNIOP)))
+#define UNIBRACK(f) { \
+       yylval.ival = f; \
+       PL_bufptr = s; \
+       PL_last_uni = PL_oldbufptr; \
+       if (*s == '(') \
+           return REPORT( (int)FUNC1 ); \
+       s = PEEKSPACE(s); \
+       return REPORT( (*s == '(') ? (int)FUNC1 : (int)UNIOP ); \
+       }
 
 /* grandfather return to old style */
 #define OLDLOP(f) return(yylval.ival=f,PL_expect = XTERM,PL_bufptr = s,(int)LSTOP)
@@ -199,7 +226,11 @@ enum token_type {
     TOKENTYPE_GVVAL
 };
 
-static struct debug_tokens { const int token, type; const char *name; } debug_tokens[] =
+static struct debug_tokens {
+    const int token;
+    enum token_type type;
+    const char *name;
+} const debug_tokens[] =
 {
     { ADDOP,           TOKENTYPE_OPNUM,        "ADDOP" },
     { ANDAND,          TOKENTYPE_NONE,         "ANDAND" },
@@ -211,6 +242,7 @@ static struct debug_tokens { const int token, type; const char *name; } debug_to
     { BITOROP,         TOKENTYPE_OPNUM,        "BITOROP" },
     { COLONATTR,       TOKENTYPE_NONE,         "COLONATTR" },
     { CONTINUE,                TOKENTYPE_NONE,         "CONTINUE" },
+    { DEFAULT,         TOKENTYPE_NONE,         "DEFAULT" },
     { DO,              TOKENTYPE_NONE,         "DO" },
     { DOLSHARP,                TOKENTYPE_NONE,         "DOLSHARP" },
     { DORDOR,          TOKENTYPE_NONE,         "DORDOR" },
@@ -226,6 +258,7 @@ static struct debug_tokens { const int token, type; const char *name; } debug_to
     { FUNC0SUB,                TOKENTYPE_OPVAL,        "FUNC0SUB" },
     { FUNC1,           TOKENTYPE_OPNUM,        "FUNC1" },
     { FUNCMETH,                TOKENTYPE_OPVAL,        "FUNCMETH" },
+    { GIVEN,           TOKENTYPE_IVAL,         "GIVEN" },
     { HASHBRACK,       TOKENTYPE_NONE,         "HASHBRACK" },
     { IF,              TOKENTYPE_IVAL,         "IF" },
     { LABEL,           TOKENTYPE_PVAL,         "LABEL" },
@@ -261,21 +294,23 @@ static struct debug_tokens { const int token, type; const char *name; } debug_to
     { UNLESS,          TOKENTYPE_IVAL,         "UNLESS" },
     { UNTIL,           TOKENTYPE_IVAL,         "UNTIL" },
     { USE,             TOKENTYPE_IVAL,         "USE" },
+    { WHEN,            TOKENTYPE_IVAL,         "WHEN" },
     { WHILE,           TOKENTYPE_IVAL,         "WHILE" },
     { WORD,            TOKENTYPE_OPVAL,        "WORD" },
-    { 0,               TOKENTYPE_NONE,         0 }
+    { 0,               TOKENTYPE_NONE,         NULL }
 };
 
 /* dump the returned token in rv, plus any optional arg in yylval */
 
 STATIC int
-S_tokereport(pTHX_ const char* s, I32 rv)
+S_tokereport(pTHX_ I32 rv)
 {
+    dVAR;
     if (DEBUG_T_TEST) {
-       const char *name = Nullch;
+       const char *name = NULL;
        enum token_type type = TOKENTYPE_NONE;
-       struct debug_tokens *p;
-       SV* report = newSVpvn("<== ", 4);
+       const struct debug_tokens *p;
+       SV* const report = newSVpvs("<== ");
 
        for (p = debug_tokens; p->token; p++) {
            if (p->token == (int)rv) {
@@ -289,7 +324,7 @@ S_tokereport(pTHX_ const char* s, I32 rv)
        else if ((char)rv > ' ' && (char)rv < '~')
            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ report, "'%c'", (char)rv);
        else if (!rv)
-           Perl_sv_catpv(aTHX_ report, "EOF");
+           sv_catpvs(report, "EOF");
        else
            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ report, "?? %"IVdf, (IV)rv);
        switch (type) {
@@ -297,7 +332,7 @@ S_tokereport(pTHX_ const char* s, I32 rv)
        case TOKENTYPE_GVVAL: /* doesn't appear to be used */
            break;
        case TOKENTYPE_IVAL:
-           Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ report, "(ival=%"IVdf")", yylval.ival);
+           Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ report, "(ival=%"IVdf")", (IV)yylval.ival);
            break;
        case TOKENTYPE_OPNUM:
            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ report, "(ival=op_%s)",
@@ -307,25 +342,35 @@ S_tokereport(pTHX_ const char* s, I32 rv)
            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ report, "(pval=\"%s\")", yylval.pval);
            break;
        case TOKENTYPE_OPVAL:
-           if (yylval.opval)
+           if (yylval.opval) {
                Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ report, "(opval=op_%s)",
                                    PL_op_name[yylval.opval->op_type]);
+               if (yylval.opval->op_type == OP_CONST) {
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ report, " %s",
+                       SvPEEK(cSVOPx_sv(yylval.opval)));
+               }
+
+           }
            else
-               Perl_sv_catpv(aTHX_ report, "(opval=null)");
+               sv_catpvs(report, "(opval=null)");
            break;
        }
-        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ report, " at line %d [", CopLINE(PL_curcop));
-        if (s - PL_bufptr > 0)
-            sv_catpvn(report, PL_bufptr, s - PL_bufptr);
-        else {
-            if (PL_oldbufptr && *PL_oldbufptr)
-                sv_catpv(report, PL_tokenbuf);
-        }
-        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "### %s]\n", SvPV_nolen(report));
+        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "### %s\n\n", SvPV_nolen_const(report));
     };
     return (int)rv;
 }
 
+
+/* print the buffer with suitable escapes */
+
+STATIC void
+S_printbuf(pTHX_ const char* fmt, const char* s)
+{
+    SV* const tmp = newSVpvs("");
+    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, fmt, pv_display(tmp, s, strlen(s), 0, 60));
+    SvREFCNT_dec(tmp);
+}
+
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -338,6 +383,7 @@ S_tokereport(pTHX_ const char* s, I32 rv)
 STATIC int
 S_ao(pTHX_ int toketype)
 {
+    dVAR;
     if (*PL_bufptr == '=') {
        PL_bufptr++;
        if (toketype == ANDAND)
@@ -367,8 +413,9 @@ S_ao(pTHX_ int toketype)
 STATIC void
 S_no_op(pTHX_ const char *what, char *s)
 {
-    char *oldbp = PL_bufptr;
-    bool is_first = (PL_oldbufptr == PL_linestart);
+    dVAR;
+    char * const oldbp = PL_bufptr;
+    const bool is_first = (PL_oldbufptr == PL_linestart);
 
     if (!s)
        s = oldbp;
@@ -380,17 +427,18 @@ S_no_op(pTHX_ const char *what, char *s)
            Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
                    "\t(Missing semicolon on previous line?)\n");
        else if (PL_oldoldbufptr && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(PL_oldoldbufptr,UTF)) {
-           char *t;
-           for (t = PL_oldoldbufptr; *t && (isALNUM_lazy_if(t,UTF) || *t == ':'); t++) ;
+           const char *t;
+           for (t = PL_oldoldbufptr; (isALNUM_lazy_if(t,UTF) || *t == ':'); t++)
+               NOOP;
            if (t < PL_bufptr && isSPACE(*t))
                Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
                        "\t(Do you need to predeclare %.*s?)\n",
-                   t - PL_oldoldbufptr, PL_oldoldbufptr);
+                   (int)(t - PL_oldoldbufptr), PL_oldoldbufptr);
        }
        else {
            assert(s >= oldbp);
            Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
-                   "\t(Missing operator before %.*s?)\n", s - oldbp, oldbp);
+                   "\t(Missing operator before %.*s?)\n", (int)(s - oldbp), oldbp);
        }
     }
     PL_bufptr = oldbp;
@@ -399,7 +447,7 @@ S_no_op(pTHX_ const char *what, char *s)
 /*
  * S_missingterm
  * Complain about missing quote/regexp/heredoc terminator.
- * If it's called with (char *)NULL then it cauterizes the line buffer.
+ * If it's called with NULL then it cauterizes the line buffer.
  * If we're in a delimited string and the delimiter is a control
  * character, it's reformatted into a two-char sequence like ^C.
  * This is fatal.
@@ -408,10 +456,11 @@ S_no_op(pTHX_ const char *what, char *s)
 STATIC void
 S_missingterm(pTHX_ char *s)
 {
+    dVAR;
     char tmpbuf[3];
     char q;
     if (s) {
-       char *nl = strrchr(s,'\n');
+       char * const nl = strrchr(s,'\n');
        if (nl)
            *nl = '\0';
     }
@@ -423,7 +472,7 @@ S_missingterm(pTHX_ char *s)
 #endif
        ) {
        *tmpbuf = '^';
-       tmpbuf[1] = toCTRL(PL_multi_close);
+       tmpbuf[1] = (char)toCTRL(PL_multi_close);
        tmpbuf[2] = '\0';
        s = tmpbuf;
     }
@@ -436,6 +485,24 @@ S_missingterm(pTHX_ char *s)
     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't find string terminator %c%s%c anywhere before EOF",q,s,q);
 }
 
+#define FEATURE_IS_ENABLED(name)                                       \
+       ((0 != (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALIZE_HH))                           \
+           && S_feature_is_enabled(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(name)))
+/*
+ * S_feature_is_enabled
+ * Check whether the named feature is enabled.
+ */
+STATIC bool
+S_feature_is_enabled(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN namelen)
+{
+    dVAR;
+    HV * const hinthv = GvHV(PL_hintgv);
+    char he_name[32] = "feature_";
+    (void) my_strlcpy(&he_name[8], name, 24);
+
+    return (hinthv && hv_exists(hinthv, he_name, 8 + namelen));
+}
+
 /*
  * Perl_deprecate
  */
@@ -464,17 +531,6 @@ Perl_deprecate_old(pTHX_ const char *s)
 }
 
 /*
- * depcom
- * Deprecate a comma-less variable list.
- */
-
-STATIC void
-S_depcom(pTHX)
-{
-    deprecate_old("comma-less variable list");
-}
-
-/*
  * experimental text filters for win32 carriage-returns, utf16-to-utf8 and
  * utf16-to-utf8-reversed.
  */
@@ -483,8 +539,8 @@ S_depcom(pTHX)
 static void
 strip_return(SV *sv)
 {
-    register char *s = SvPVX(sv);
-    register char *e = s + SvCUR(sv);
+    register const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
+    register const char * const e = s + SvCUR(sv);
     /* outer loop optimized to do nothing if there are no CR-LFs */
     while (s < e) {
        if (*s++ == '\r' && *s == '\n') {
@@ -505,7 +561,7 @@ strip_return(SV *sv)
 STATIC I32
 S_cr_textfilter(pTHX_ int idx, SV *sv, int maxlen)
 {
-    I32 count = FILTER_READ(idx+1, sv, maxlen);
+    const I32 count = FILTER_READ(idx+1, sv, maxlen);
     if (count > 0 && !maxlen)
        strip_return(sv);
     return count;
@@ -521,7 +577,8 @@ S_cr_textfilter(pTHX_ int idx, SV *sv, int maxlen)
 void
 Perl_lex_start(pTHX_ SV *line)
 {
-    char *s;
+    dVAR;
+    const char *s;
     STRLEN len;
 
     SAVEI32(PL_lex_dojoin);
@@ -531,6 +588,30 @@ Perl_lex_start(pTHX_ SV *line)
     SAVEI32(PL_lex_state);
     SAVEVPTR(PL_lex_inpat);
     SAVEI32(PL_lex_inwhat);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_lex_state == LEX_KNOWNEXT) {
+       I32 toke = PL_lasttoke;
+       while (--toke >= 0) {
+           SAVEI32(PL_nexttoke[toke].next_type);
+           SAVEVPTR(PL_nexttoke[toke].next_val);
+           if (PL_madskills)
+               SAVEVPTR(PL_nexttoke[toke].next_mad);
+       }
+       SAVEI32(PL_lasttoke);
+    }
+    if (PL_madskills) {
+       SAVESPTR(PL_thistoken);
+       SAVESPTR(PL_thiswhite);
+       SAVESPTR(PL_nextwhite);
+       SAVESPTR(PL_thisopen);
+       SAVESPTR(PL_thisclose);
+       SAVESPTR(PL_thisstuff);
+       SAVEVPTR(PL_thismad);
+       SAVEI32(PL_realtokenstart);
+       SAVEI32(PL_faketokens);
+    }
+    SAVEI32(PL_curforce);
+#else
     if (PL_lex_state == LEX_KNOWNEXT) {
        I32 toke = PL_nexttoke;
        while (--toke >= 0) {
@@ -539,6 +620,7 @@ Perl_lex_start(pTHX_ SV *line)
        }
        SAVEI32(PL_nexttoke);
     }
+#endif
     SAVECOPLINE(PL_curcop);
     SAVEPPTR(PL_bufptr);
     SAVEPPTR(PL_bufend);
@@ -562,31 +644,33 @@ Perl_lex_start(pTHX_ SV *line)
     PL_lex_defer = 0;
     PL_expect = XSTATE;
     PL_lex_brackets = 0;
-    New(899, PL_lex_brackstack, 120, char);
-    New(899, PL_lex_casestack, 12, char);
+    Newx(PL_lex_brackstack, 120, char);
+    Newx(PL_lex_casestack, 12, char);
     PL_lex_casemods = 0;
     *PL_lex_casestack = '\0';
     PL_lex_dojoin = 0;
     PL_lex_starts = 0;
-    PL_lex_stuff = Nullsv;
-    PL_lex_repl = Nullsv;
+    PL_lex_stuff = NULL;
+    PL_lex_repl = NULL;
     PL_lex_inpat = 0;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    PL_lasttoke = 0;
+#else
     PL_nexttoke = 0;
+#endif
     PL_lex_inwhat = 0;
     PL_sublex_info.sub_inwhat = 0;
     PL_linestr = line;
-    if (SvREADONLY(PL_linestr))
-       PL_linestr = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(PL_linestr));
-    s = SvPV(PL_linestr, len);
-    if (!len || s[len-1] != ';') {
-       if (!(SvFLAGS(PL_linestr) & SVs_TEMP))
-           PL_linestr = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(PL_linestr));
-       sv_catpvn(PL_linestr, "\n;", 2);
+    s = SvPV_const(PL_linestr, len);
+    if (SvREADONLY(PL_linestr) || !len || s[len-1] != ';') {
+       PL_linestr = sv_2mortal(len ? newSVsv(PL_linestr) : newSVpvn(s, 0));
+       if (!len || s[len-1] != ';')
+           sv_catpvs(PL_linestr, "\n;");
     }
     SvTEMP_off(PL_linestr);
     PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr = PL_bufptr = PL_linestart = SvPVX(PL_linestr);
     PL_bufend = PL_bufptr + SvCUR(PL_linestr);
-    PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
+    PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
     PL_rsfp = 0;
 }
 
@@ -599,6 +683,7 @@ Perl_lex_start(pTHX_ SV *line)
 void
 Perl_lex_end(pTHX)
 {
+    dVAR;
     PL_doextract = FALSE;
 }
 
@@ -615,6 +700,7 @@ Perl_lex_end(pTHX)
 STATIC void
 S_incline(pTHX_ char *s)
 {
+    dVAR;
     char *t;
     char *n;
     char *e;
@@ -623,7 +709,8 @@ S_incline(pTHX_ char *s)
     CopLINE_inc(PL_curcop);
     if (*s++ != '#')
        return;
-    while (SPACE_OR_TAB(*s)) s++;
+    while (SPACE_OR_TAB(*s))
+       s++;
     if (strnEQ(s, "line", 4))
        s += 4;
     else
@@ -632,9 +719,11 @@ S_incline(pTHX_ char *s)
        s++;
     else
        return;
-    while (SPACE_OR_TAB(*s)) s++;
+    while (SPACE_OR_TAB(*s))
+       s++;
     if (!isDIGIT(*s))
        return;
+
     n = s;
     while (isDIGIT(*s))
        s++;
@@ -645,7 +734,9 @@ S_incline(pTHX_ char *s)
        e = t + 1;
     }
     else {
-       for (t = s; !isSPACE(*t); t++) ;
+       t = s;
+       while (!isSPACE(*t))
+           t++;
        e = t;
     }
     while (SPACE_OR_TAB(*e) || *e == '\r' || *e == '\f')
@@ -656,6 +747,44 @@ S_incline(pTHX_ char *s)
     ch = *t;
     *t = '\0';
     if (t - s > 0) {
+#ifndef USE_ITHREADS
+       const char * const cf = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
+       STRLEN tmplen = cf ? strlen(cf) : 0;
+       if (tmplen > 7 && strnEQ(cf, "(eval ", 6)) {
+           /* must copy *{"::_<(eval N)[oldfilename:L]"}
+            * to *{"::_<newfilename"} */
+           char smallbuf[256], smallbuf2[256];
+           char *tmpbuf, *tmpbuf2;
+           GV **gvp, *gv2;
+           STRLEN tmplen2 = strlen(s);
+           if (tmplen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
+               tmpbuf = smallbuf;
+           else
+               Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen + 3, char);
+           if (tmplen2 + 3 < sizeof smallbuf2)
+               tmpbuf2 = smallbuf2;
+           else
+               Newx(tmpbuf2, tmplen2 + 3, char);
+           tmpbuf[0] = tmpbuf2[0] = '_';
+           tmpbuf[1] = tmpbuf2[1] = '<';
+           memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, cf, ++tmplen);
+           memcpy(tmpbuf2 + 2, s, ++tmplen2);
+           ++tmplen; ++tmplen2;
+           gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
+           if (gvp) {
+               gv2 = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf2, tmplen2, TRUE);
+               if (!isGV(gv2)) {
+                   gv_init(gv2, PL_defstash, tmpbuf2, tmplen2, FALSE);
+                   /* adjust ${"::_<newfilename"} to store the new file name */
+                   GvSV(gv2) = newSVpvn(tmpbuf2 + 2, tmplen2 - 2);
+                   GvHV(gv2) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(*gvp));
+                   GvAV(gv2) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvAV(*gvp));
+               }
+           }
+           if (tmpbuf != smallbuf) Safefree(tmpbuf);
+           if (tmpbuf2 != smallbuf2) Safefree(tmpbuf2);
+       }
+#endif
        CopFILE_free(PL_curcop);
        CopFILE_set(PL_curcop, s);
     }
@@ -663,6 +792,110 @@ S_incline(pTHX_ char *s)
     CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, atoi(n)-1);
 }
 
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+/* skip space before PL_thistoken */
+
+STATIC char *
+S_skipspace0(pTHX_ register char *s)
+{
+    s = skipspace(s);
+    if (!PL_madskills)
+       return s;
+    if (PL_skipwhite) {
+       if (!PL_thiswhite)
+           PL_thiswhite = newSVpvs("");
+       sv_catsv(PL_thiswhite, PL_skipwhite);
+       sv_free(PL_skipwhite);
+       PL_skipwhite = 0;
+    }
+    PL_realtokenstart = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+    return s;
+}
+
+/* skip space after PL_thistoken */
+
+STATIC char *
+S_skipspace1(pTHX_ register char *s)
+{
+    const char *start = s;
+    I32 startoff = start - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+
+    s = skipspace(s);
+    if (!PL_madskills)
+       return s;
+    start = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + startoff;
+    if (!PL_thistoken && PL_realtokenstart >= 0) {
+       const char * const tstart = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + PL_realtokenstart;
+       PL_thistoken = newSVpvn(tstart, start - tstart);
+    }
+    PL_realtokenstart = -1;
+    if (PL_skipwhite) {
+       if (!PL_nextwhite)
+           PL_nextwhite = newSVpvs("");
+       sv_catsv(PL_nextwhite, PL_skipwhite);
+       sv_free(PL_skipwhite);
+       PL_skipwhite = 0;
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+STATIC char *
+S_skipspace2(pTHX_ register char *s, SV **svp)
+{
+    char *start;
+    const I32 bufptroff = PL_bufptr - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+    const I32 startoff = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+
+    s = skipspace(s);
+    PL_bufptr = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + bufptroff;
+    if (!PL_madskills || !svp)
+       return s;
+    start = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + startoff;
+    if (!PL_thistoken && PL_realtokenstart >= 0) {
+       char * const tstart = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + PL_realtokenstart;
+       PL_thistoken = newSVpvn(tstart, start - tstart);
+       PL_realtokenstart = -1;
+    }
+    if (PL_skipwhite) {
+       if (!*svp)
+           *svp = newSVpvs("");
+       sv_setsv(*svp, PL_skipwhite);
+       sv_free(PL_skipwhite);
+       PL_skipwhite = 0;
+    }
+    
+    return s;
+}
+#endif
+
+STATIC void
+S_update_debugger_info_pv(pTHX_ const char *buf, STRLEN len)
+{
+    AV *av = CopFILEAVx(PL_curcop);
+    if (av) {
+       SV * const sv = newSV(0);
+       sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVMG);
+       sv_setpvn(sv, buf, len);
+       (void)SvIOK_on(sv);
+       SvIV_set(sv, 0);
+       av_store(av, (I32)CopLINE(PL_curcop), sv);
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC void
+S_update_debugger_info_sv(pTHX_ SV *orig_sv)
+{
+    AV *av = CopFILEAVx(PL_curcop);
+    if (av) {
+       SV * const sv = newSV(0);
+       sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVMG);
+       sv_setsv(sv, orig_sv);
+       (void)SvIOK_on(sv);
+       SvIV_set(sv, 0);
+       av_store(av, (I32)CopLINE(PL_curcop), sv);
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  * S_skipspace
  * Called to gobble the appropriate amount and type of whitespace.
@@ -672,10 +905,25 @@ S_incline(pTHX_ char *s)
 STATIC char *
 S_skipspace(pTHX_ register char *s)
 {
+    dVAR;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    int curoff;
+    int startoff = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+
+    if (PL_skipwhite) {
+       sv_free(PL_skipwhite);
+       PL_skipwhite = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
     if (PL_lex_formbrack && PL_lex_brackets <= PL_lex_formbrack) {
        while (s < PL_bufend && SPACE_OR_TAB(*s))
            s++;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       goto done;
+#else
        return s;
+#endif
     }
     for (;;) {
        STRLEN prevlen;
@@ -705,30 +953,72 @@ S_skipspace(pTHX_ register char *s)
         */
        if (s < PL_bufend || !PL_rsfp || PL_sublex_info.sub_inwhat ||
                PL_lex_state == LEX_FORMLINE)
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           goto done;
+#else
            return s;
+#endif
 
        /* try to recharge the buffer */
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       curoff = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+#endif
+
        if ((s = filter_gets(PL_linestr, PL_rsfp,
-                            (prevlen = SvCUR(PL_linestr)))) == Nullch)
+                            (prevlen = SvCUR(PL_linestr)))) == NULL)
        {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           if (PL_madskills && curoff != startoff) {
+               if (!PL_skipwhite)
+                   PL_skipwhite = newSVpvs("");
+               sv_catpvn(PL_skipwhite, SvPVX(PL_linestr) + startoff,
+                                       curoff - startoff);
+           }
+
+           /* mustn't throw out old stuff yet if madpropping */
+           SvCUR(PL_linestr) = curoff;
+           s = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + curoff;
+           *s = 0;
+           if (curoff && s[-1] == '\n')
+               s[-1] = ' ';
+#endif
+
            /* end of file.  Add on the -p or -n magic */
+           /* XXX these shouldn't really be added here, can't set PL_faketokens */
            if (PL_minus_p) {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               sv_catpv(PL_linestr,
+                        ";}continue{print or die qq(-p destination: $!\\n);}");
+#else
                sv_setpv(PL_linestr,
                         ";}continue{print or die qq(-p destination: $!\\n);}");
+#endif
                PL_minus_n = PL_minus_p = 0;
            }
            else if (PL_minus_n) {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               sv_catpvn(PL_linestr, ";}", 2);
+#else
                sv_setpvn(PL_linestr, ";}", 2);
+#endif
                PL_minus_n = 0;
            }
            else
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               sv_catpvn(PL_linestr,";", 1);
+#else
                sv_setpvn(PL_linestr,";", 1);
+#endif
 
            /* reset variables for next time we lex */
            PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr = PL_bufptr = s = PL_linestart
-               = SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+               = SvPVX(PL_linestr)
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               + curoff
+#endif
+               ;
            PL_bufend = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + SvCUR(PL_linestr);
-           PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
+           PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
 
            /* Close the filehandle.  Could be from -P preprocessor,
             * STDIN, or a regular file.  If we were reading code from
@@ -743,7 +1033,7 @@ S_skipspace(pTHX_ register char *s)
                PerlIO_clearerr(PL_rsfp);
            else
                (void)PerlIO_close(PL_rsfp);
-           PL_rsfp = Nullfp;
+           PL_rsfp = NULL;
            return s;
        }
 
@@ -769,16 +1059,22 @@ S_skipspace(pTHX_ register char *s)
        /* debugger active and we're not compiling the debugger code,
         * so store the line into the debugger's array of lines
         */
-       if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
-           SV *sv = NEWSV(85,0);
+       if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
+           update_debugger_info_pv(PL_bufptr, PL_bufend - PL_bufptr);
+    }
 
-           sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVMG);
-           sv_setpvn(sv,PL_bufptr,PL_bufend-PL_bufptr);
-            (void)SvIOK_on(sv);
-            SvIVX(sv) = 0;
-           av_store(CopFILEAV(PL_curcop),(I32)CopLINE(PL_curcop),sv);
-       }
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+  done:
+    if (PL_madskills) {
+       if (!PL_skipwhite)
+           PL_skipwhite = newSVpvs("");
+       curoff = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+       if (curoff - startoff)
+           sv_catpvn(PL_skipwhite, SvPVX(PL_linestr) + startoff,
+                               curoff - startoff);
     }
+    return s;
+#endif
 }
 
 /*
@@ -793,23 +1089,24 @@ S_skipspace(pTHX_ register char *s)
 STATIC void
 S_check_uni(pTHX)
 {
-    char *s;
-    char *t;
+    dVAR;
+    const char *s;
+    const char *t;
 
     if (PL_oldoldbufptr != PL_last_uni)
        return;
     while (isSPACE(*PL_last_uni))
        PL_last_uni++;
-    for (s = PL_last_uni; isALNUM_lazy_if(s,UTF) || *s == '-'; s++) ;
+    s = PL_last_uni;
+    while (isALNUM_lazy_if(s,UTF) || *s == '-')
+       s++;
     if ((t = strchr(s, '(')) && t < PL_bufptr)
        return;
+
     if (ckWARN_d(WARN_AMBIGUOUS)){
-        char ch = *s;
-        *s = '\0';
         Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_AMBIGUOUS),
-                  "Warning: Use of \"%s\" without parentheses is ambiguous",
-                  PL_last_uni);
-        *s = ch;
+                  "Warning: Use of \"%.*s\" without parentheses is ambiguous",
+                  (int)(s - PL_last_uni), PL_last_uni);
     }
 }
 
@@ -831,35 +1128,122 @@ S_check_uni(pTHX)
 STATIC I32
 S_lop(pTHX_ I32 f, int x, char *s)
 {
+    dVAR;
     yylval.ival = f;
     CLINE;
     PL_expect = x;
     PL_bufptr = s;
     PL_last_lop = PL_oldbufptr;
     PL_last_lop_op = (OPCODE)f;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_lasttoke)
+       return REPORT(LSTOP);
+#else
     if (PL_nexttoke)
        return REPORT(LSTOP);
+#endif
     if (*s == '(')
        return REPORT(FUNC);
-    s = skipspace(s);
+    s = PEEKSPACE(s);
     if (*s == '(')
        return REPORT(FUNC);
     else
        return REPORT(LSTOP);
 }
 
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+ /*
+ * S_start_force
+ * Sets up for an eventual force_next().  start_force(0) basically does
+ * an unshift, while start_force(-1) does a push.  yylex removes items
+ * on the "pop" end.
+ */
+
+STATIC void
+S_start_force(pTHX_ int where)
+{
+    int i;
+
+    if (where < 0)     /* so people can duplicate start_force(PL_curforce) */
+       where = PL_lasttoke;
+    assert(PL_curforce < 0 || PL_curforce == where);
+    if (PL_curforce != where) {
+       for (i = PL_lasttoke; i > where; --i) {
+           PL_nexttoke[i] = PL_nexttoke[i-1];
+       }
+       PL_lasttoke++;
+    }
+    if (PL_curforce < 0)       /* in case of duplicate start_force() */
+       Zero(&PL_nexttoke[where], 1, NEXTTOKE);
+    PL_curforce = where;
+    if (PL_nextwhite) {
+       if (PL_madskills)
+           curmad('^', newSVpvs(""));
+       CURMAD('_', PL_nextwhite);
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC void
+S_curmad(pTHX_ char slot, SV *sv)
+{
+    MADPROP **where;
+
+    if (!sv)
+       return;
+    if (PL_curforce < 0)
+       where = &PL_thismad;
+    else
+       where = &PL_nexttoke[PL_curforce].next_mad;
+
+    if (PL_faketokens)
+       sv_setpvn(sv, "", 0);
+    else {
+       if (!IN_BYTES) {
+           if (UTF && is_utf8_string((U8*)SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv)))
+               SvUTF8_on(sv);
+           else if (PL_encoding) {
+               sv_recode_to_utf8(sv, PL_encoding);
+           }
+       }
+    }
+
+    /* keep a slot open for the head of the list? */
+    if (slot != '_' && *where && (*where)->mad_key == '^') {
+       (*where)->mad_key = slot;
+       sv_free((*where)->mad_val);
+       (*where)->mad_val = (void*)sv;
+    }
+    else
+       addmad(newMADsv(slot, sv), where, 0);
+}
+#else
+#  define start_force(where)    NOOP
+#  define curmad(slot, sv)      NOOP
+#endif
+
 /*
  * S_force_next
  * When the lexer realizes it knows the next token (for instance,
  * it is reordering tokens for the parser) then it can call S_force_next
  * to know what token to return the next time the lexer is called.  Caller
- * will need to set PL_nextval[], and possibly PL_expect to ensure the lexer
- * handles the token correctly.
+ * will need to set PL_nextval[] (or PL_nexttoke[].next_val with PERL_MAD),
+ * and possibly PL_expect to ensure the lexer handles the token correctly.
  */
 
 STATIC void
 S_force_next(pTHX_ I32 type)
 {
+    dVAR;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_curforce < 0)
+       start_force(PL_lasttoke);
+    PL_nexttoke[PL_curforce].next_type = type;
+    if (PL_lex_state != LEX_KNOWNEXT)
+       PL_lex_defer = PL_lex_state;
+    PL_lex_state = LEX_KNOWNEXT;
+    PL_lex_expect = PL_expect;
+    PL_curforce = -1;
+#else
     PL_nexttype[PL_nexttoke] = type;
     PL_nexttoke++;
     if (PL_lex_state != LEX_KNOWNEXT) {
@@ -867,12 +1251,14 @@ S_force_next(pTHX_ I32 type)
        PL_lex_expect = PL_expect;
        PL_lex_state = LEX_KNOWNEXT;
     }
+#endif
 }
 
 STATIC SV *
 S_newSV_maybe_utf8(pTHX_ const char *start, STRLEN len)
 {
-    SV *sv = newSVpvn(start,len);
+    dVAR;
+    SV * const sv = newSVpvn(start,len);
     if (UTF && !IN_BYTES && is_utf8_string((const U8*)start, len))
        SvUTF8_on(sv);
     return sv;
@@ -897,30 +1283,34 @@ S_newSV_maybe_utf8(pTHX_ const char *start, STRLEN len)
 STATIC char *
 S_force_word(pTHX_ register char *start, int token, int check_keyword, int allow_pack, int allow_initial_tick)
 {
+    dVAR;
     register char *s;
     STRLEN len;
 
-    start = skipspace(start);
+    start = SKIPSPACE1(start);
     s = start;
     if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF) ||
        (allow_pack && *s == ':') ||
        (allow_initial_tick && *s == '\'') )
     {
        s = scan_word(s, PL_tokenbuf, sizeof PL_tokenbuf, allow_pack, &len);
-       if (check_keyword && keyword(PL_tokenbuf, len))
+       if (check_keyword && keyword(PL_tokenbuf, len, 0))
            return start;
+       start_force(PL_curforce);
+       if (PL_madskills)
+           curmad('X', newSVpvn(start,s-start));
        if (token == METHOD) {
-           s = skipspace(s);
+           s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
            if (*s == '(')
                PL_expect = XTERM;
            else {
                PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
            }
        }
-       PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].opval
+       NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval
            = (OP*)newSVOP(OP_CONST,0,
                           S_newSV_maybe_utf8(aTHX_ PL_tokenbuf, len));
-       PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].opval->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
+       NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
        force_next(token);
     }
     return s;
@@ -938,21 +1328,26 @@ S_force_word(pTHX_ register char *start, int token, int check_keyword, int allow
 STATIC void
 S_force_ident(pTHX_ register const char *s, int kind)
 {
-    if (s && *s) {
-       OP* const o = (OP*)newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(s,0));
-       PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].opval = o;
+    dVAR;
+    if (*s) {
+       const STRLEN len = strlen(s);
+       OP* const o = (OP*)newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvn(s, len));
+       start_force(PL_curforce);
+       NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval = o;
        force_next(WORD);
        if (kind) {
            o->op_private = OPpCONST_ENTERED;
            /* XXX see note in pp_entereval() for why we forgo typo
               warnings if the symbol must be introduced in an eval.
               GSAR 96-10-12 */
-           gv_fetchpv(s, PL_in_eval ? (GV_ADDMULTI | GV_ADDINEVAL) : TRUE,
-               kind == '$' ? SVt_PV :
-               kind == '@' ? SVt_PVAV :
-               kind == '%' ? SVt_PVHV :
+           gv_fetchpvn_flags(s, len,
+                             PL_in_eval ? (GV_ADDMULTI | GV_ADDINEVAL)
+                             : GV_ADD,
+                             kind == '$' ? SVt_PV :
+                             kind == '@' ? SVt_PVAV :
+                             kind == '%' ? SVt_PVHV :
                              SVt_PVGV
-               );
+                             );
        }
     }
 }
@@ -963,9 +1358,9 @@ Perl_str_to_version(pTHX_ SV *sv)
     NV retval = 0.0;
     NV nshift = 1.0;
     STRLEN len;
-    char *start = SvPVx(sv,len);
-    bool utf = SvUTF8(sv) ? TRUE : FALSE;
-    char *end = start + len;
+    const char *start = SvPV_const(sv,len);
+    const char * const end = start + len;
+    const bool utf = SvUTF8(sv) ? TRUE : FALSE;
     while (start < end) {
        STRLEN skip;
        UV n;
@@ -993,10 +1388,14 @@ Perl_str_to_version(pTHX_ SV *sv)
 STATIC char *
 S_force_version(pTHX_ char *s, int guessing)
 {
-    OP *version = Nullop;
+    dVAR;
+    OP *version = NULL;
     char *d;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    I32 startoff = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+#endif
 
-    s = skipspace(s);
+    s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
 
     d = s;
     if (*d == 'v')
@@ -1004,23 +1403,45 @@ S_force_version(pTHX_ char *s, int guessing)
     if (isDIGIT(*d)) {
        while (isDIGIT(*d) || *d == '_' || *d == '.')
            d++;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       if (PL_madskills) {
+           start_force(PL_curforce);
+           curmad('X', newSVpvn(s,d-s));
+       }
+#endif
         if (*d == ';' || isSPACE(*d) || *d == '}' || !*d) {
            SV *ver;
             s = scan_num(s, &yylval);
             version = yylval.opval;
            ver = cSVOPx(version)->op_sv;
            if (SvPOK(ver) && !SvNIOK(ver)) {
-               (void)SvUPGRADE(ver, SVt_PVNV);
-               SvNVX(ver) = str_to_version(ver);
+               SvUPGRADE(ver, SVt_PVNV);
+               SvNV_set(ver, str_to_version(ver));
                SvNOK_on(ver);          /* hint that it is a version */
            }
         }
-       else if (guessing)
+       else if (guessing) {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           if (PL_madskills) {
+               sv_free(PL_nextwhite);  /* let next token collect whitespace */
+               PL_nextwhite = 0;
+               s = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + startoff;
+           }
+#endif
            return s;
+       }
     }
 
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_madskills && !version) {
+       sv_free(PL_nextwhite);  /* let next token collect whitespace */
+       PL_nextwhite = 0;
+       s = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + startoff;
+    }
+#endif
     /* NOTE: The parser sees the package name and the VERSION swapped */
-    PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].opval = version;
+    start_force(PL_curforce);
+    NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval = version;
     force_next(WORD);
 
     return s;
@@ -1037,6 +1458,7 @@ S_force_version(pTHX_ char *s, int guessing)
 STATIC SV *
 S_tokeq(pTHX_ SV *sv)
 {
+    dVAR;
     register char *s;
     register char *send;
     register char *d;
@@ -1056,7 +1478,7 @@ S_tokeq(pTHX_ SV *sv)
        goto finish;
     d = s;
     if ( PL_hints & HINT_NEW_STRING ) {
-       pv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(SvPVX(pv), len));
+       pv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(SvPVX_const(pv), len));
        if (SvUTF8(sv))
            SvUTF8_on(pv);
     }
@@ -1068,7 +1490,7 @@ S_tokeq(pTHX_ SV *sv)
        *d++ = *s++;
     }
     *d = '\0';
-    SvCUR_set(sv, d - SvPVX(sv));
+    SvCUR_set(sv, d - SvPVX_const(sv));
   finish:
     if ( PL_hints & HINT_NEW_STRING )
        return new_constant(NULL, 0, "q", sv, pv, "q");
@@ -1110,11 +1532,12 @@ S_tokeq(pTHX_ SV *sv)
 STATIC I32
 S_sublex_start(pTHX)
 {
-    register I32 op_type = yylval.ival;
+    dVAR;
+    register const I32 op_type = yylval.ival;
 
     if (op_type == OP_NULL) {
        yylval.opval = PL_lex_op;
-       PL_lex_op = Nullop;
+       PL_lex_op = NULL;
        return THING;
     }
     if (op_type == OP_CONST || op_type == OP_READLINE) {
@@ -1123,23 +1546,28 @@ S_sublex_start(pTHX)
        if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVIV) {
            /* Overloaded constants, nothing fancy: Convert to SVt_PV: */
            STRLEN len;
-           char *p;
-           SV *nsv;
-
-           p = SvPV(sv, len);
-           nsv = newSVpvn(p, len);
+           const char * const p = SvPV_const(sv, len);
+           SV * const nsv = newSVpvn(p, len);
            if (SvUTF8(sv))
                SvUTF8_on(nsv);
            SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
            sv = nsv;
        }
        yylval.opval = (OP*)newSVOP(op_type, 0, sv);
-       PL_lex_stuff = Nullsv;
+       PL_lex_stuff = NULL;
        /* Allow <FH> // "foo" */
        if (op_type == OP_READLINE)
            PL_expect = XTERMORDORDOR;
        return THING;
     }
+    else if (op_type == OP_BACKTICK && PL_lex_op) {
+       /* readpipe() vas overriden */
+       cSVOPx(cLISTOPx(cUNOPx(PL_lex_op)->op_first)->op_first->op_sibling)->op_sv = tokeq(PL_lex_stuff);
+       yylval.opval = PL_lex_op;
+       PL_lex_op = NULL;
+       PL_lex_stuff = NULL;
+       return THING;
+    }
 
     PL_sublex_info.super_state = PL_lex_state;
     PL_sublex_info.sub_inwhat = op_type;
@@ -1149,7 +1577,7 @@ S_sublex_start(pTHX)
     PL_expect = XTERM;
     if (PL_lex_op) {
        yylval.opval = PL_lex_op;
-       PL_lex_op = Nullop;
+       PL_lex_op = NULL;
        return PMFUNC;
     }
     else
@@ -1167,6 +1595,7 @@ S_sublex_start(pTHX)
 STATIC I32
 S_sublex_push(pTHX)
 {
+    dVAR;
     ENTER;
 
     PL_lex_state = PL_sublex_info.super_state;
@@ -1190,18 +1619,18 @@ S_sublex_push(pTHX)
     SAVEGENERICPV(PL_lex_casestack);
 
     PL_linestr = PL_lex_stuff;
-    PL_lex_stuff = Nullsv;
+    PL_lex_stuff = NULL;
 
     PL_bufend = PL_bufptr = PL_oldbufptr = PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_linestart
        = SvPVX(PL_linestr);
     PL_bufend += SvCUR(PL_linestr);
-    PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
+    PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
     SAVEFREESV(PL_linestr);
 
     PL_lex_dojoin = FALSE;
     PL_lex_brackets = 0;
-    New(899, PL_lex_brackstack, 120, char);
-    New(899, PL_lex_casestack, 12, char);
+    Newx(PL_lex_brackstack, 120, char);
+    Newx(PL_lex_casestack, 12, char);
     PL_lex_casemods = 0;
     *PL_lex_casestack = '\0';
     PL_lex_starts = 0;
@@ -1212,7 +1641,7 @@ S_sublex_push(pTHX)
     if (PL_lex_inwhat == OP_MATCH || PL_lex_inwhat == OP_QR || PL_lex_inwhat == OP_SUBST)
        PL_lex_inpat = PL_sublex_info.sub_op;
     else
-       PL_lex_inpat = Nullop;
+       PL_lex_inpat = NULL;
 
     return '(';
 }
@@ -1225,8 +1654,9 @@ S_sublex_push(pTHX)
 STATIC I32
 S_sublex_done(pTHX)
 {
+    dVAR;
     if (!PL_lex_starts++) {
-       SV *sv = newSVpvn("",0);
+       SV * const sv = newSVpvs("");
        if (SvUTF8(PL_linestr))
            SvUTF8_on(sv);
        PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
@@ -1245,7 +1675,7 @@ S_sublex_done(pTHX)
        PL_lex_inpat = 0;
        PL_bufend = PL_bufptr = PL_oldbufptr = PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_linestart = SvPVX(PL_linestr);
        PL_bufend += SvCUR(PL_linestr);
-       PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
+       PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
        SAVEFREESV(PL_linestr);
        PL_lex_dojoin = FALSE;
        PL_lex_brackets = 0;
@@ -1262,11 +1692,25 @@ S_sublex_done(pTHX)
        }
        else {
            PL_lex_state = LEX_INTERPCONCAT;
-           PL_lex_repl = Nullsv;
+           PL_lex_repl = NULL;
        }
        return ',';
     }
     else {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       if (PL_madskills) {
+           if (PL_thiswhite) {
+               if (!PL_endwhite)
+                   PL_endwhite = newSVpvs("");
+               sv_catsv(PL_endwhite, PL_thiswhite);
+               PL_thiswhite = 0;
+           }
+           if (PL_thistoken)
+               sv_setpvn(PL_thistoken,"",0);
+           else
+               PL_realtokenstart = -1;
+       }
+#endif
        LEAVE;
        PL_bufend = SvPVX(PL_linestr);
        PL_bufend += SvCUR(PL_linestr);
@@ -1282,12 +1726,12 @@ S_sublex_done(pTHX)
   Extracts a pattern, double-quoted string, or transliteration.  This
   is terrifying code.
 
-  It looks at lex_inwhat and PL_lex_inpat to find out whether it's
+  It looks at PL_lex_inwhat and PL_lex_inpat to find out whether it's
   processing a pattern (PL_lex_inpat is true), a transliteration
-  (lex_inwhat & OP_TRANS is true), or a double-quoted string.
+  (PL_lex_inwhat == OP_TRANS is true), or a double-quoted string.
 
-  Returns a pointer to the character scanned up to. Iff this is
-  advanced from the start pointer supplied (ie if anything was
+  Returns a pointer to the character scanned up to. If this is
+  advanced from the start pointer supplied (i.e. if anything was
   successfully parsed), will leave an OP for the substring scanned
   in yylval. Caller must intuit reason for not parsing further
   by looking at the next characters herself.
@@ -1296,21 +1740,23 @@ S_sublex_done(pTHX)
     backslashes:
       double-quoted style: \r and \n
       regexp special ones: \D \s
-      constants: \x3
-      backrefs: \1 (deprecated in substitution replacements)
+      constants: \x31
+      backrefs: \1
       case and quoting: \U \Q \E
     stops on @ and $, but not for $ as tail anchor
 
   In transliterations:
     characters are VERY literal, except for - not at the start or end
-    of the string, which indicates a range.  scan_const expands the
-    range to the full set of intermediate characters.
+    of the string, which indicates a range. If the range is in bytes,
+    scan_const expands the range to the full set of intermediate
+    characters. If the range is in utf8, the hyphen is replaced with
+    a certain range mark which will be handled by pmtrans() in op.c.
 
   In double-quoted strings:
     backslashes:
       double-quoted style: \r and \n
-      constants: \x3
-      backrefs: \1 (deprecated)
+      constants: \x31
+      deprecated backrefs: \1 (in substitution replacements)
       case and quoting: \U \Q \E
     stops on @ and $
 
@@ -1318,31 +1764,35 @@ S_sublex_done(pTHX)
   It stops processing as soon as it finds an embedded $ or @ variable
   and leaves it to the caller to work out what's going on.
 
-  @ in pattern could be: @foo, @{foo}, @$foo, @'foo, @::foo.
+  embedded arrays (whether in pattern or not) could be:
+      @foo, @::foo, @'foo, @{foo}, @$foo, @+, @-.
+
+  $ in double-quoted strings must be the symbol of an embedded scalar.
 
   $ in pattern could be $foo or could be tail anchor.  Assumption:
   it's a tail anchor if $ is the last thing in the string, or if it's
-  followed by one of ")| \n\t"
+  followed by one of "()| \r\n\t"
 
   \1 (backreferences) are turned into $1
 
   The structure of the code is
       while (there's a character to process) {
-          handle transliteration ranges
-         skip regexp comments
-         skip # initiated comments in //x patterns
-         check for embedded @foo
+         handle transliteration ranges
+         skip regexp comments /(?#comment)/ and codes /(?{code})/
+         skip #-initiated comments in //x patterns
+         check for embedded arrays
          check for embedded scalars
          if (backslash) {
-             leave intact backslashes from leave (below)
-             deprecate \1 in strings and sub replacements
+             leave intact backslashes from leaveit (below)
+             deprecate \1 in substitution replacements
              handle string-changing backslashes \l \U \Q \E, etc.
              switch (what was escaped) {
-                 handle - in a transliteration (becomes a literal -)
-                 handle \132 octal characters
-                 handle 0x15 hex characters
-                 handle \cV (control V)
-                 handle printf backslashes (\f, \r, \n, etc)
+                 handle \- in a transliteration (becomes a literal -)
+                 handle \132 (octal characters)
+                 handle \x15 and \x{1234} (hex characters)
+                 handle \N{name} (named characters)
+                 handle \cV (control characters)
+                 handle printf-style backslashes (\f, \r, \n, etc)
              } (end switch)
          } (end if backslash)
     } (end while character to read)
@@ -1352,8 +1802,9 @@ S_sublex_done(pTHX)
 STATIC char *
 S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
 {
+    dVAR;
     register char *send = PL_bufend;           /* end of the constant */
-    SV *sv = NEWSV(93, send - start);          /* sv for the constant */
+    SV *sv = newSV(send - start);              /* sv for the constant */
     register char *s = start;                  /* start of the constant */
     register char *d = SvPVX(sv);              /* destination for copies */
     bool dorange = FALSE;                      /* are we in a translit range? */
@@ -1361,11 +1812,10 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
     I32  has_utf8 = FALSE;                     /* Output constant is UTF8 */
     I32  this_utf8 = UTF;                      /* The source string is assumed to be UTF8 */
     UV uv;
-
-    const char *leaveit =      /* set of acceptably-backslashed characters */
-       PL_lex_inpat
-           ? "\\.^$@AGZdDwWsSbBpPXC+*?|()-nrtfeaxz0123456789[{]} \t\n\r\f\v#"
-           : "";
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+    UV literal_endpoint = 0;
+    bool native_range = TRUE; /* turned to FALSE if the first endpoint is Unicode. */
+#endif
 
     if (PL_lex_inwhat == OP_TRANS && PL_sublex_info.sub_op) {
        /* If we are doing a trans and we know we want UTF8 set expectation */
@@ -1383,8 +1833,16 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
                I32 min;                        /* first character in range */
                I32 max;                        /* last character in range */
 
-               if (has_utf8) {
-                   char *c = (char*)utf8_hop((U8*)d, -1);
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+               UV uvmax = 0;
+#endif
+
+               if (has_utf8
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+                   && !native_range
+#endif
+                   ) {
+                   char * const c = (char*)utf8_hop((U8*)d, -1);
                    char *e = d++;
                    while (e-- > c)
                        *(e + 1) = *e;
@@ -1395,13 +1853,44 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
                    continue;
                }
 
-               i = d - SvPVX(sv);              /* remember current offset */
+               i = d - SvPVX_const(sv);                /* remember current offset */
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+                SvGROW(sv,
+                      SvLEN(sv) + (has_utf8 ?
+                                   (512 - UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK +
+                                    UNISKIP(0x100))
+                                   : 256));
+                /* How many two-byte within 0..255: 128 in UTF-8,
+                * 96 in UTF-8-mod. */
+#else
                SvGROW(sv, SvLEN(sv) + 256);    /* never more than 256 chars in a range */
+#endif
                d = SvPVX(sv) + i;              /* refresh d after realloc */
-               d -= 2;                         /* eat the first char and the - */
-
-               min = (U8)*d;                   /* first char in range */
-               max = (U8)d[1];                 /* last char in range  */
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+                if (has_utf8) {
+                    int j;
+                    for (j = 0; j <= 1; j++) {
+                        char * const c = (char*)utf8_hop((U8*)d, -1);
+                        const UV uv    = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8*)c, d - c, NULL, 0);
+                        if (j)
+                            min = (U8)uv;
+                        else if (uv < 256)
+                            max = (U8)uv;
+                        else {
+                            max = (U8)0xff; /* only to \xff */
+                            uvmax = uv; /* \x{100} to uvmax */
+                        }
+                        d = c; /* eat endpoint chars */
+                     }
+                }
+               else {
+#endif
+                  d -= 2;              /* eat the first char and the - */
+                  min = (U8)*d;        /* first char in range */
+                  max = (U8)d[1];      /* last char in range  */
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+              }
+#endif
 
                 if (min > max) {
                    Perl_croak(aTHX_
@@ -1410,8 +1899,9 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
                 }
 
 #ifdef EBCDIC
-               if ((isLOWER(min) && isLOWER(max)) ||
-                   (isUPPER(min) && isUPPER(max))) {
+               if (literal_endpoint == 2 &&
+                   ((isLOWER(min) && isLOWER(max)) ||
+                    (isUPPER(min) && isUPPER(max)))) {
                    if (isLOWER(min)) {
                        for (i = min; i <= max; i++)
                            if (isLOWER(i))
@@ -1425,11 +1915,36 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
                else
 #endif
                    for (i = min; i <= max; i++)
-                       *d++ = (char)i;
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+                        if (has_utf8) {
+                            const U8 ch = (U8)NATIVE_TO_UTF(i);
+                            if (UNI_IS_INVARIANT(ch))
+                                *d++ = (U8)i;
+                            else {
+                                *d++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(ch);
+                                *d++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(ch);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+#endif
+                            *d++ = (char)i;
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+                if (uvmax) {
+                    d = (char*)uvchr_to_utf8((U8*)d, 0x100);
+                    if (uvmax > 0x101)
+                        *d++ = (char)UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
+                    if (uvmax > 0x100)
+                        d = (char*)uvchr_to_utf8((U8*)d, uvmax);
+                }
+#endif
 
                /* mark the range as done, and continue */
                dorange = FALSE;
                didrange = TRUE;
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+               literal_endpoint = 0;
+#endif
                continue;
            }
 
@@ -1438,7 +1953,11 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
                if (didrange) {
                    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Ambiguous range in transliteration operator");
                }
-               if (has_utf8) {
+               if (has_utf8
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+                   && !native_range
+#endif
+                   ) {
                    *d++ = (char)UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);   /* use illegal utf8 byte--see pmtrans */
                    s++;
                    continue;
@@ -1448,6 +1967,10 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
            }
            else {
                didrange = FALSE;
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+               literal_endpoint = 0;
+               native_range = TRUE;
+#endif
            }
        }
 
@@ -1493,9 +2016,14 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
        /* check for embedded arrays
           (@foo, @::foo, @'foo, @{foo}, @$foo, @+, @-)
           */
-       else if (*s == '@' && s[1]
-                && (isALNUM_lazy_if(s+1,UTF) || strchr(":'{$+-", s[1])))
-           break;
+       else if (*s == '@' && s[1]) {
+           if (isALNUM_lazy_if(s+1,UTF))
+               break;
+           if (strchr(":'{$", s[1]))
+               break;
+           if (!PL_lex_inpat && (s[1] == '+' || s[1] == '-'))
+               break; /* in regexp, neither @+ nor @- are interpolated */
+       }
 
        /* check for embedded scalars.  only stop if we're sure it's a
           variable.
@@ -1513,13 +2041,6 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
        if (*s == '\\' && s+1 < send) {
            s++;
 
-           /* some backslashes we leave behind */
-           if (*leaveit && *s && strchr(leaveit, *s)) {
-               *d++ = NATIVE_TO_NEED(has_utf8,'\\');
-               *d++ = NATIVE_TO_NEED(has_utf8,*s++);
-               continue;
-           }
-
            /* deprecate \1 in strings and substitution replacements */
            if (PL_lex_inwhat == OP_SUBST && !PL_lex_inpat &&
                isDIGIT(*s) && *s != '0' && !isDIGIT(s[1]))
@@ -1535,6 +2056,11 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
                --s;
                break;
            }
+           /* skip any other backslash escapes in a pattern */
+           else if (PL_lex_inpat) {
+               *d++ = NATIVE_TO_NEED(has_utf8,'\\');
+               goto default_action;
+           }
 
            /* if we get here, it's either a quoted -, or a digit */
            switch (*s) {
@@ -1548,12 +2074,11 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
                /* FALL THROUGH */
            default:
                {
-                   if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC) &&
-                       isALNUM(*s) &&
-                       *s != '_')
+                   if ((isALPHA(*s) || isDIGIT(*s)) &&
+                       ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
                        Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
-                              "Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through",
-                              *s);
+                                   "Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through",
+                                   *s);
                    /* default action is to copy the quoted character */
                    goto default_action;
                }
@@ -1573,7 +2098,7 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
            case 'x':
                ++s;
                if (*s == '{') {
-                   char* e = strchr(s, '}');
+                   char* const e = strchr(s, '}');
                     I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES |
                       PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX;
                    STRLEN len;
@@ -1622,15 +2147,15 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
                            }
                        }
                        if (hicount) {
-                           STRLEN offset = d - SvPVX(sv);
+                           const STRLEN offset = d - SvPVX_const(sv);
                            U8 *src, *dst;
                            d = SvGROW(sv, SvLEN(sv) + hicount + 1) + offset;
                            src = (U8 *)d - 1;
                            dst = src+hicount;
                            d  += hicount;
-                           while (src >= (U8 *)SvPVX(sv)) {
+                           while (src >= (const U8 *)SvPVX_const(sv)) {
                                if (!NATIVE_IS_INVARIANT(*src)) {
-                                   U8 ch = NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*src);
+                                   const U8 ch = NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*src);
                                    *dst-- = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(ch);
                                    *dst-- = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(ch);
                                }
@@ -1651,6 +2176,10 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
                                (PL_lex_repl ? OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF
                                             : OPpTRANS_TO_UTF);
                        }
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+                       if (uv > 255 && !dorange)
+                           native_range = FALSE;
+#endif
                     }
                    else {
                        *d++ = (char)uv;
@@ -1668,7 +2197,8 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
                    char* e = strchr(s, '}');
                    SV *res;
                    STRLEN len;
-                   char *str;
+                   const char *str;
+                   SV *type;
 
                    if (!e) {
                        yyerror("Missing right brace on \\N{}");
@@ -1682,15 +2212,20 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
                        s += 3;
                        len = e - s;
                        uv = grok_hex(s, &len, &flags, NULL);
+                       if ( e > s && len != (STRLEN)(e - s) ) {
+                           uv = 0xFFFD;
+                       }
                        s = e + 1;
                        goto NUM_ESCAPE_INSERT;
                    }
                    res = newSVpvn(s + 1, e - s - 1);
-                   res = new_constant( Nullch, 0, "charnames",
-                                       res, Nullsv, "\\N{...}" );
+                   type = newSVpvn(s - 2,e - s + 3);
+                   res = new_constant( NULL, 0, "charnames",
+                                       res, NULL, SvPVX(type) );
+                   SvREFCNT_dec(type);         
                    if (has_utf8)
                        sv_utf8_upgrade(res);
-                   str = SvPV(res,len);
+                   str = SvPV_const(res,len);
 #ifdef EBCDIC_NEVER_MIND
                    /* charnames uses pack U and that has been
                     * recently changed to do the below uni->native
@@ -1700,19 +2235,19 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
                     * gets revoked, but the semantics is still
                     * desireable for charnames. --jhi */
                    {
-                        UV uv = utf8_to_uvchr((U8*)str, 0);
+                        UV uv = utf8_to_uvchr((const U8*)str, 0);
 
                         if (uv < 0x100) {
                              U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1], *d;
 
                              d = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, UNI_TO_NATIVE(uv));
                              sv_setpvn(res, (char *)tmpbuf, d - tmpbuf);
-                             str = SvPV(res, len);
+                             str = SvPV_const(res, len);
                         }
                    }
 #endif
                    if (!has_utf8 && SvUTF8(res)) {
-                       char *ostart = SvPVX(sv);
+                       const char * const ostart = SvPVX_const(sv);
                        SvCUR_set(sv, d - ostart);
                        SvPOK_on(sv);
                        *d = '\0';
@@ -1723,11 +2258,15 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
                        has_utf8 = TRUE;
                    }
                    if (len > (STRLEN)(e - s + 4)) { /* I _guess_ 4 is \N{} --jhi */
-                       char *odest = SvPVX(sv);
+                       const char * const odest = SvPVX_const(sv);
 
                        SvGROW(sv, (SvLEN(sv) + len - (e - s + 4)));
                        d = SvPVX(sv) + (d - odest);
                    }
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+                   if (!dorange)
+                       native_range = FALSE; /* \N{} is guessed to be Unicode */
+#endif
                    Copy(str, d, len, char);
                    d += len;
                    SvREFCNT_dec(res);
@@ -1781,22 +2320,30 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
            s++;
            continue;
        } /* end if (backslash) */
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+       else
+           literal_endpoint++;
+#endif
 
     default_action:
        /* If we started with encoded form, or already know we want it
           and then encode the next character */
        if ((has_utf8 || this_utf8) && !NATIVE_IS_INVARIANT((U8)(*s))) {
            STRLEN len  = 1;
-           UV uv       = (this_utf8) ? utf8n_to_uvchr((U8*)s, send - s, &len, 0) : (UV) ((U8) *s);
-           STRLEN need = UNISKIP(NATIVE_TO_UNI(uv));
+           const UV nextuv   = (this_utf8) ? utf8n_to_uvchr((U8*)s, send - s, &len, 0) : (UV) ((U8) *s);
+           const STRLEN need = UNISKIP(NATIVE_TO_UNI(nextuv));
            s += len;
            if (need > len) {
                /* encoded value larger than old, need extra space (NOTE: SvCUR() not set here) */
-               STRLEN off = d - SvPVX(sv);
+               const STRLEN off = d - SvPVX_const(sv);
                d = SvGROW(sv, SvLEN(sv) + (need-len)) + off;
            }
-           d = (char*)uvchr_to_utf8((U8*)d, uv);
+           d = (char*)uvchr_to_utf8((U8*)d, nextuv);
            has_utf8 = TRUE;
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+           if (uv > 255 && !dorange)
+               native_range = FALSE;
+#endif
        }
        else {
            *d++ = NATIVE_TO_NEED(has_utf8,*s++);
@@ -1805,7 +2352,7 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
 
     /* terminate the string and set up the sv */
     *d = '\0';
-    SvCUR_set(sv, d - SvPVX(sv));
+    SvCUR_set(sv, d - SvPVX_const(sv));
     if (SvCUR(sv) >= SvLEN(sv))
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: constant overflowed allocated space");
 
@@ -1825,20 +2372,21 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
 
     /* shrink the sv if we allocated more than we used */
     if (SvCUR(sv) + 5 < SvLEN(sv)) {
-       SvLEN_set(sv, SvCUR(sv) + 1);
-       Renew(SvPVX(sv), SvLEN(sv), char);
+       SvPV_shrink_to_cur(sv);
     }
 
     /* return the substring (via yylval) only if we parsed anything */
     if (s > PL_bufptr) {
        if ( PL_hints & ( PL_lex_inpat ? HINT_NEW_RE : HINT_NEW_STRING ) )
-           sv = new_constant(start, s - start, (PL_lex_inpat ? "qr" : "q"),
-                             sv, Nullsv,
-                             ( PL_lex_inwhat == OP_TRANS
-                               ? "tr"
-                               : ( (PL_lex_inwhat == OP_SUBST && !PL_lex_inpat)
-                                   ? "s"
-                                   : "qq")));
+           sv = new_constant(start, s - start,
+                             (const char *)(PL_lex_inpat ? "qr" : "q"),
+                             sv, NULL,
+                             (const char *)
+                             (( PL_lex_inwhat == OP_TRANS
+                                ? "tr"
+                                : ( (PL_lex_inwhat == OP_SUBST && !PL_lex_inpat)
+                                    ? "s"
+                                    : "qq"))));
        yylval.opval = (OP*)newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv);
     } else
        SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
@@ -1869,6 +2417,7 @@ S_scan_const(pTHX_ char *start)
 STATIC int
 S_intuit_more(pTHX_ register char *s)
 {
+    dVAR;
     if (PL_lex_brackets)
        return TRUE;
     if (*s == '-' && s[1] == '>' && (s[2] == '[' || s[2] == '{'))
@@ -1905,7 +2454,7 @@ S_intuit_more(pTHX_ register char *s)
        int weight = 2;         /* let's weigh the evidence */
        char seen[256];
        unsigned char un_char = 255, last_un_char;
-       char *send = strchr(s,']');
+       const char * const send = strchr(s,']');
        char tmpbuf[sizeof PL_tokenbuf * 4];
 
        if (!send)              /* has to be an expression */
@@ -1931,8 +2480,10 @@ S_intuit_more(pTHX_ register char *s)
            case '$':
                weight -= seen[un_char] * 10;
                if (isALNUM_lazy_if(s+1,UTF)) {
+                   int len;
                    scan_ident(s, send, tmpbuf, sizeof tmpbuf, FALSE);
-                   if ((int)strlen(tmpbuf) > 1 && gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf,FALSE, SVt_PV))
+                   len = (int)strlen(tmpbuf);
+                   if (len > 1 && gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, len, 0, SVt_PV))
                        weight -= 100;
                    else
                        weight -= 10;
@@ -1950,7 +2501,7 @@ S_intuit_more(pTHX_ register char *s)
                if (s[1]) {
                    if (strchr("wds]",s[1]))
                        weight += 100;
-                   else if (seen['\''] || seen['"'])
+                   else if (seen[(U8)'\''] || seen[(U8)'"'])
                        weight += 1;
                    else if (strchr("rnftbxcav",s[1]))
                        weight += 40;
@@ -1982,7 +2533,7 @@ S_intuit_more(pTHX_ register char *s)
                    while (isALPHA(*s))
                        *d++ = *s++;
                    *d = '\0';
-                   if (keyword(tmpbuf, d - tmpbuf))
+                   if (keyword(tmpbuf, d - tmpbuf, 0))
                        weight -= 150;
                }
                if (un_char == last_un_char + 1)
@@ -2021,27 +2572,32 @@ S_intuit_more(pTHX_ register char *s)
  */
 
 STATIC int
-S_intuit_method(pTHX_ char *start, GV *gv)
+S_intuit_method(pTHX_ char *start, GV *gv, CV *cv)
 {
+    dVAR;
     char *s = start + (*start == '$');
     char tmpbuf[sizeof PL_tokenbuf];
     STRLEN len;
     GV* indirgv;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    int soff;
+#endif
 
     if (gv) {
-       CV *cv;
-       if (GvIO(gv))
+       if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvIO(gv))
            return 0;
-       if ((cv = GvCVu(gv))) {
-           char *proto = SvPVX(cv);
-           if (proto) {
-               if (*proto == ';')
-                   proto++;
-               if (*proto == '*')
-                   return 0;
+       if (cv) {
+           if (SvPOK(cv)) {
+               const char *proto = SvPVX_const(cv);
+               if (proto) {
+                   if (*proto == ';')
+                       proto++;
+                   if (*proto == '*')
+                       return 0;
+               }
            }
        } else
-           gv = 0;
+           gv = NULL;
     }
     s = scan_word(s, tmpbuf, sizeof tmpbuf, TRUE, &len);
     /* start is the beginning of the possible filehandle/object,
@@ -2052,32 +2608,50 @@ S_intuit_method(pTHX_ char *start, GV *gv)
     if (*start == '$') {
        if (gv || PL_last_lop_op == OP_PRINT || isUPPER(*PL_tokenbuf))
            return 0;
-       s = skipspace(s);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       len = start - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+#endif
+       s = PEEKSPACE(s);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       start = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + len;
+#endif
        PL_bufptr = start;
        PL_expect = XREF;
        return *s == '(' ? FUNCMETH : METHOD;
     }
-    if (!keyword(tmpbuf, len)) {
+    if (!keyword(tmpbuf, len, 0)) {
        if (len > 2 && tmpbuf[len - 2] == ':' && tmpbuf[len - 1] == ':') {
            len -= 2;
            tmpbuf[len] = '\0';
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           soff = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+#endif
            goto bare_package;
        }
-       indirgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, FALSE, SVt_PVCV);
+       indirgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, len, 0, SVt_PVCV);
        if (indirgv && GvCVu(indirgv))
            return 0;
        /* filehandle or package name makes it a method */
        if (!gv || GvIO(indirgv) || gv_stashpvn(tmpbuf, len, FALSE)) {
-           s = skipspace(s);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           soff = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+#endif
+           s = PEEKSPACE(s);
            if ((PL_bufend - s) >= 2 && *s == '=' && *(s+1) == '>')
                return 0;       /* no assumptions -- "=>" quotes bearword */
       bare_package:
-           PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].opval = (OP*)newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
+           start_force(PL_curforce);
+           NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval = (OP*)newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
                                                   newSVpvn(tmpbuf,len));
-           PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].opval->op_private = OPpCONST_BARE;
+           NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval->op_private = OPpCONST_BARE;
+           if (PL_madskills)
+               curmad('X', newSVpvn(start,SvPVX(PL_linestr) + soff - start));
            PL_expect = XTERM;
            force_next(WORD);
            PL_bufptr = s;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           PL_bufptr = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + soff; /* restart before space */
+#endif
            return *s == '(' ? FUNCMETH : METHOD;
        }
     }
@@ -2094,8 +2668,9 @@ S_intuit_method(pTHX_ char *start, GV *gv)
 STATIC const char*
 S_incl_perldb(pTHX)
 {
+    dVAR;
     if (PL_perldb) {
-       const char *pdb = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL5DB");
+       const char * const pdb = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL5DB");
 
        if (pdb)
            return pdb;
@@ -2126,19 +2701,20 @@ S_incl_perldb(pTHX)
 SV *
 Perl_filter_add(pTHX_ filter_t funcp, SV *datasv)
 {
+    dVAR;
     if (!funcp)
-       return Nullsv;
+       return NULL;
 
     if (!PL_rsfp_filters)
        PL_rsfp_filters = newAV();
     if (!datasv)
-       datasv = NEWSV(255,0);
-    if (!SvUPGRADE(datasv, SVt_PVIO))
-        Perl_die(aTHX_ "Can't upgrade filter_add data to SVt_PVIO");
-    IoANY(datasv) = (void *)funcp; /* stash funcp into spare field */
+       datasv = newSV(0);
+    SvUPGRADE(datasv, SVt_PVIO);
+    IoANY(datasv) = FPTR2DPTR(void *, funcp); /* stash funcp into spare field */
     IoFLAGS(datasv) |= IOf_FAKE_DIRP;
     DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "filter_add func %p (%s)\n",
-                         (void*)funcp, SvPV_nolen(datasv)));
+                         FPTR2DPTR(void *, IoANY(datasv)),
+                         SvPV_nolen(datasv)));
     av_unshift(PL_rsfp_filters, 1);
     av_store(PL_rsfp_filters, 0, datasv) ;
     return(datasv);
@@ -2149,13 +2725,18 @@ Perl_filter_add(pTHX_ filter_t funcp, SV *datasv)
 void
 Perl_filter_del(pTHX_ filter_t funcp)
 {
+    dVAR;
     SV *datasv;
-    DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "filter_del func %p", (void*)funcp));
+
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "filter_del func %p",
+                         FPTR2DPTR(void*, funcp)));
+#endif
     if (!PL_rsfp_filters || AvFILLp(PL_rsfp_filters)<0)
        return;
     /* if filter is on top of stack (usual case) just pop it off */
     datasv = FILTER_DATA(AvFILLp(PL_rsfp_filters));
-    if (IoANY(datasv) == (void *)funcp) {
+    if (IoANY(datasv) == FPTR2DPTR(void *, funcp)) {
        IoFLAGS(datasv) &= ~IOf_FAKE_DIRP;
        IoANY(datasv) = (void *)NULL;
        sv_free(av_pop(PL_rsfp_filters));
@@ -2172,8 +2753,20 @@ Perl_filter_del(pTHX_ filter_t funcp)
 I32
 Perl_filter_read(pTHX_ int idx, SV *buf_sv, int maxlen)
 {
+    dVAR;
     filter_t funcp;
     SV *datasv = NULL;
+    /* This API is bad. It should have been using unsigned int for maxlen.
+       Not sure if we want to change the API, but if not we should sanity
+       check the value here.  */
+    const unsigned int correct_length
+       = maxlen < 0 ?
+#ifdef PERL_MICRO
+       0x7FFFFFFF
+#else
+       INT_MAX
+#endif
+       : maxlen;
 
     if (!PL_rsfp_filters)
        return -1;
@@ -2182,14 +2775,15 @@ Perl_filter_read(pTHX_ int idx, SV *buf_sv, int maxlen)
        /* Note that we append to the line. This is handy.      */
        DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
                              "filter_read %d: from rsfp\n", idx));
-       if (maxlen) {
+       if (correct_length) {
            /* Want a block */
            int len ;
-           int old_len = SvCUR(buf_sv) ;
+           const int old_len = SvCUR(buf_sv);
 
            /* ensure buf_sv is large enough */
-           SvGROW(buf_sv, (STRLEN)(old_len + maxlen)) ;
-           if ((len = PerlIO_read(PL_rsfp, SvPVX(buf_sv) + old_len, maxlen)) <= 0){
+           SvGROW(buf_sv, (STRLEN)(old_len + correct_length)) ;
+           if ((len = PerlIO_read(PL_rsfp, SvPVX(buf_sv) + old_len,
+                                  correct_length)) <= 0) {
                if (PerlIO_error(PL_rsfp))
                    return -1;          /* error */
                else
@@ -2212,22 +2806,23 @@ Perl_filter_read(pTHX_ int idx, SV *buf_sv, int maxlen)
        DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
                              "filter_read %d: skipped (filter deleted)\n",
                              idx));
-       return FILTER_READ(idx+1, buf_sv, maxlen); /* recurse */
+       return FILTER_READ(idx+1, buf_sv, correct_length); /* recurse */
     }
     /* Get function pointer hidden within datasv       */
-    funcp = (filter_t)IoANY(datasv);
+    funcp = DPTR2FPTR(filter_t, IoANY(datasv));
     DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
                          "filter_read %d: via function %p (%s)\n",
-                         idx, (void*)funcp, SvPV_nolen(datasv)));
+                         idx, (void*)datasv, SvPV_nolen_const(datasv)));
     /* Call function. The function is expected to      */
     /* call "FILTER_READ(idx+1, buf_sv)" first.                */
     /* Return: <0:error, =0:eof, >0:not eof            */
-    return (*funcp)(aTHX_ idx, buf_sv, maxlen);
+    return (*funcp)(aTHX_ idx, buf_sv, correct_length);
 }
 
 STATIC char *
 S_filter_gets(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register PerlIO *fp, STRLEN append)
 {
+    dVAR;
 #ifdef PERL_CR_FILTER
     if (!PL_rsfp_filters) {
        filter_add(S_cr_textfilter,NULL);
@@ -2239,7 +2834,7 @@ S_filter_gets(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register PerlIO *fp, STRLEN append)
         if (FILTER_READ(0, sv, 0) > 0)
             return ( SvPVX(sv) ) ;
         else
-           return Nullch ;
+           return NULL ;
     }
     else
         return (sv_gets(sv, fp, append));
@@ -2248,6 +2843,7 @@ S_filter_gets(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register PerlIO *fp, STRLEN append)
 STATIC HV *
 S_find_in_my_stash(pTHX_ const char *pkgname, I32 len)
 {
+    dVAR;
     GV *gv;
 
     if (len == 11 && *pkgname == '_' && strEQ(pkgname, "__PACKAGE__"))
@@ -2255,39 +2851,278 @@ S_find_in_my_stash(pTHX_ const char *pkgname, I32 len)
 
     if (len > 2 &&
         (pkgname[len - 2] == ':' && pkgname[len - 1] == ':') &&
-        (gv = gv_fetchpv(pkgname, FALSE, SVt_PVHV)))
+        (gv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(pkgname, len, 0, SVt_PVHV)))
     {
         return GvHV(gv);                       /* Foo:: */
     }
 
     /* use constant CLASS => 'MyClass' */
-    if ((gv = gv_fetchpv(pkgname, FALSE, SVt_PVCV))) {
-        SV *sv;
-        if (GvCV(gv) && (sv = cv_const_sv(GvCV(gv)))) {
-            pkgname = SvPV_nolen(sv);
-        }
+    gv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(pkgname, len, 0, SVt_PVCV);
+    if (gv && GvCV(gv)) {
+       SV * const sv = cv_const_sv(GvCV(gv));
+       if (sv)
+            pkgname = SvPV_nolen_const(sv);
     }
 
     return gv_stashpv(pkgname, FALSE);
 }
 
-#ifdef DEBUGGING
-    static char const* exp_name[] =
-       { "OPERATOR", "TERM", "REF", "STATE", "BLOCK", "ATTRBLOCK",
-         "ATTRTERM", "TERMBLOCK", "TERMORDORDOR"
-       };
-#endif
-
 /*
-  yylex
-
-  Works out what to call the token just pulled out of the input
-  stream.  The yacc parser takes care of taking the ops we return and
-  stitching them into a tree.
-
-  Returns:
-    PRIVATEREF
-
+ * S_readpipe_override
+ * Check whether readpipe() is overriden, and generates the appropriate
+ * optree, provided sublex_start() is called afterwards.
+ */
+STATIC void
+S_readpipe_override(pTHX)
+{
+    GV **gvp;
+    GV *gv_readpipe = gv_fetchpvs("readpipe", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
+    yylval.ival = OP_BACKTICK;
+    if ((gv_readpipe
+               && GvCVu(gv_readpipe) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv_readpipe))
+           ||
+           ((gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "readpipe", FALSE))
+            && (gv_readpipe = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef
+            && GvCVu(gv_readpipe) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv_readpipe)))
+    {
+       PL_lex_op = (OP*)newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
+           append_elem(OP_LIST,
+               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, &PL_sv_undef), /* value will be read later */
+               newCVREF(0, newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_readpipe))));
+    }
+    else {
+       set_csh();
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef PERL_MAD 
+ /*
+ * Perl_madlex
+ * The intent of this yylex wrapper is to minimize the changes to the
+ * tokener when we aren't interested in collecting madprops.  It remains
+ * to be seen how successful this strategy will be...
+ */
+
+int
+Perl_madlex(pTHX)
+{
+    int optype;
+    char *s = PL_bufptr;
+
+    /* make sure PL_thiswhite is initialized */
+    PL_thiswhite = 0;
+    PL_thismad = 0;
+
+    /* just do what yylex would do on pending identifier; leave PL_thiswhite alone */
+    if (PL_pending_ident)
+        return S_pending_ident(aTHX);
+
+    /* previous token ate up our whitespace? */
+    if (!PL_lasttoke && PL_nextwhite) {
+       PL_thiswhite = PL_nextwhite;
+       PL_nextwhite = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* isolate the token, and figure out where it is without whitespace */
+    PL_realtokenstart = -1;
+    PL_thistoken = 0;
+    optype = yylex();
+    s = PL_bufptr;
+    assert(PL_curforce < 0);
+
+    if (!PL_thismad || PL_thismad->mad_key == '^') {   /* not forced already? */
+       if (!PL_thistoken) {
+           if (PL_realtokenstart < 0 || !CopLINE(PL_curcop))
+               PL_thistoken = newSVpvs("");
+           else {
+               char * const tstart = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + PL_realtokenstart;
+               PL_thistoken = newSVpvn(tstart, s - tstart);
+           }
+       }
+       if (PL_thismad) /* install head */
+           CURMAD('X', PL_thistoken);
+    }
+
+    /* last whitespace of a sublex? */
+    if (optype == ')' && PL_endwhite) {
+       CURMAD('X', PL_endwhite);
+    }
+
+    if (!PL_thismad) {
+
+       /* if no whitespace and we're at EOF, bail.  Otherwise fake EOF below. */
+       if (!PL_thiswhite && !PL_endwhite && !optype) {
+           sv_free(PL_thistoken);
+           PL_thistoken = 0;
+           return 0;
+       }
+
+       /* put off final whitespace till peg */
+       if (optype == ';' && !PL_rsfp) {
+           PL_nextwhite = PL_thiswhite;
+           PL_thiswhite = 0;
+       }
+       else if (PL_thisopen) {
+           CURMAD('q', PL_thisopen);
+           if (PL_thistoken)
+               sv_free(PL_thistoken);
+           PL_thistoken = 0;
+       }
+       else {
+           /* Store actual token text as madprop X */
+           CURMAD('X', PL_thistoken);
+       }
+
+       if (PL_thiswhite) {
+           /* add preceding whitespace as madprop _ */
+           CURMAD('_', PL_thiswhite);
+       }
+
+       if (PL_thisstuff) {
+           /* add quoted material as madprop = */
+           CURMAD('=', PL_thisstuff);
+       }
+
+       if (PL_thisclose) {
+           /* add terminating quote as madprop Q */
+           CURMAD('Q', PL_thisclose);
+       }
+    }
+
+    /* special processing based on optype */
+
+    switch (optype) {
+
+    /* opval doesn't need a TOKEN since it can already store mp */
+    case WORD:
+    case METHOD:
+    case FUNCMETH:
+    case THING:
+    case PMFUNC:
+    case PRIVATEREF:
+    case FUNC0SUB:
+    case UNIOPSUB:
+    case LSTOPSUB:
+       if (yylval.opval)
+           append_madprops(PL_thismad, yylval.opval, 0);
+       PL_thismad = 0;
+       return optype;
+
+    /* fake EOF */
+    case 0:
+       optype = PEG;
+       if (PL_endwhite) {
+           addmad(newMADsv('p', PL_endwhite), &PL_thismad, 0);
+           PL_endwhite = 0;
+       }
+       break;
+
+    case ']':
+    case '}':
+       if (PL_faketokens)
+           break;
+       /* remember any fake bracket that lexer is about to discard */ 
+       if (PL_lex_brackets == 1 &&
+           ((expectation)PL_lex_brackstack[0] & XFAKEBRACK))
+       {
+           s = PL_bufptr;
+           while (s < PL_bufend && (*s == ' ' || *s == '\t'))
+               s++;
+           if (*s == '}') {
+               PL_thiswhite = newSVpvn(PL_bufptr, ++s - PL_bufptr);
+               addmad(newMADsv('#', PL_thiswhite), &PL_thismad, 0);
+               PL_thiswhite = 0;
+               PL_bufptr = s - 1;
+               break;  /* don't bother looking for trailing comment */
+           }
+           else
+               s = PL_bufptr;
+       }
+       if (optype == ']')
+           break;
+       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+
+    /* attach a trailing comment to its statement instead of next token */
+    case ';':
+       if (PL_faketokens)
+           break;
+       if (PL_bufptr > PL_oldbufptr && PL_bufptr[-1] == optype) {
+           s = PL_bufptr;
+           while (s < PL_bufend && (*s == ' ' || *s == '\t'))
+               s++;
+           if (*s == '\n' || *s == '#') {
+               while (s < PL_bufend && *s != '\n')
+                   s++;
+               if (s < PL_bufend)
+                   s++;
+               PL_thiswhite = newSVpvn(PL_bufptr, s - PL_bufptr);
+               addmad(newMADsv('#', PL_thiswhite), &PL_thismad, 0);
+               PL_thiswhite = 0;
+               PL_bufptr = s;
+           }
+       }
+       break;
+
+    /* pval */
+    case LABEL:
+       break;
+
+    /* ival */
+    default:
+       break;
+
+    }
+
+    /* Create new token struct.  Note: opvals return early above. */
+    yylval.tkval = newTOKEN(optype, yylval, PL_thismad);
+    PL_thismad = 0;
+    return optype;
+}
+#endif
+
+STATIC char *
+S_tokenize_use(pTHX_ int is_use, char *s) {
+    dVAR;
+    if (PL_expect != XSTATE)
+       yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "\"%s\" not allowed in expression",
+                   is_use ? "use" : "no"));
+    s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
+    if (isDIGIT(*s) || (*s == 'v' && isDIGIT(s[1]))) {
+       s = force_version(s, TRUE);
+       if (*s == ';' || (s = SKIPSPACE1(s), *s == ';')) {
+           start_force(PL_curforce);
+           NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval = NULL;
+           force_next(WORD);
+       }
+       else if (*s == 'v') {
+           s = force_word(s,WORD,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE);
+           s = force_version(s, FALSE);
+       }
+    }
+    else {
+       s = force_word(s,WORD,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE);
+       s = force_version(s, FALSE);
+    }
+    yylval.ival = is_use;
+    return s;
+}
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    static const char* const exp_name[] =
+       { "OPERATOR", "TERM", "REF", "STATE", "BLOCK", "ATTRBLOCK",
+         "ATTRTERM", "TERMBLOCK", "TERMORDORDOR"
+       };
+#endif
+
+/*
+  yylex
+
+  Works out what to call the token just pulled out of the input
+  stream.  The yacc parser takes care of taking the ops we return and
+  stitching them into a tree.
+
+  Returns:
+    PRIVATEREF
+
   Structure:
       if read an identifier
           if we're in a my declaration
@@ -2310,18 +3145,27 @@ S_find_in_my_stash(pTHX_ const char *pkgname, I32 len)
 int
 Perl_yylex(pTHX)
 {
+    dVAR;
     register char *s = PL_bufptr;
     register char *d;
-    register I32 tmp;
     STRLEN len;
-    GV *gv = Nullgv;
-    GV **gvp = 0;
     bool bof = FALSE;
+
+    /* orig_keyword, gvp, and gv are initialized here because
+     * jump to the label just_a_word_zero can bypass their
+     * initialization later. */
     I32 orig_keyword = 0;
+    GV *gv = NULL;
+    GV **gvp = NULL;
 
     DEBUG_T( {
-       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "### LEX_%s\n",
-                                       lex_state_names[PL_lex_state]);
+       SV* tmp = newSVpvs("");
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "### %"IVdf":LEX_%s/X%s %s\n",
+           (IV)CopLINE(PL_curcop),
+           lex_state_names[PL_lex_state],
+           exp_name[PL_expect],
+           pv_display(tmp, s, strlen(s), 0, 60));
+       SvREFCNT_dec(tmp);
     } );
     /* check if there's an identifier for us to look at */
     if (PL_pending_ident)
@@ -2338,6 +3182,27 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
 
     /* when we've already built the next token, just pull it out of the queue */
     case LEX_KNOWNEXT:
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       PL_lasttoke--;
+       yylval = PL_nexttoke[PL_lasttoke].next_val;
+       if (PL_madskills) {
+           PL_thismad = PL_nexttoke[PL_lasttoke].next_mad;
+           PL_nexttoke[PL_lasttoke].next_mad = 0;
+           if (PL_thismad && PL_thismad->mad_key == '_') {
+               PL_thiswhite = (SV*)PL_thismad->mad_val;
+               PL_thismad->mad_val = 0;
+               mad_free(PL_thismad);
+               PL_thismad = 0;
+           }
+       }
+       if (!PL_lasttoke) {
+           PL_lex_state = PL_lex_defer;
+           PL_expect = PL_lex_expect;
+           PL_lex_defer = LEX_NORMAL;
+           if (!PL_nexttoke[PL_lasttoke].next_type)
+               return yylex();
+       }
+#else
        PL_nexttoke--;
        yylval = PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke];
        if (!PL_nexttoke) {
@@ -2345,11 +3210,13 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            PL_expect = PL_lex_expect;
            PL_lex_defer = LEX_NORMAL;
        }
-       DEBUG_T({ PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-              "### Next token after '%s' was known, type %"IVdf"\n", PL_bufptr,
-              (IV)PL_nexttype[PL_nexttoke]); });
-
+#endif
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       /* FIXME - can these be merged?  */
+       return(PL_nexttoke[PL_lasttoke].next_type);
+#else
        return REPORT(PL_nexttype[PL_nexttoke]);
+#endif
 
     /* interpolated case modifiers like \L \U, including \Q and \E.
        when we get here, PL_bufptr is at the \
@@ -2361,37 +3228,56 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
 #endif
        /* handle \E or end of string */
                if (PL_bufptr == PL_bufend || PL_bufptr[1] == 'E') {
-           char oldmod;
-
            /* if at a \E */
            if (PL_lex_casemods) {
-               oldmod = PL_lex_casestack[--PL_lex_casemods];
+               const char oldmod = PL_lex_casestack[--PL_lex_casemods];
                PL_lex_casestack[PL_lex_casemods] = '\0';
 
                if (PL_bufptr != PL_bufend
                    && (oldmod == 'L' || oldmod == 'U' || oldmod == 'Q')) {
                    PL_bufptr += 2;
                    PL_lex_state = LEX_INTERPCONCAT;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+                   if (PL_madskills)
+                       PL_thistoken = newSVpvs("\\E");
+#endif
                }
                return REPORT(')');
            }
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           while (PL_bufptr != PL_bufend &&
+             PL_bufptr[0] == '\\' && PL_bufptr[1] == 'E') {
+               if (!PL_thiswhite)
+                   PL_thiswhite = newSVpvs("");
+               sv_catpvn(PL_thiswhite, PL_bufptr, 2);
+               PL_bufptr += 2;
+           }
+#else
            if (PL_bufptr != PL_bufend)
                PL_bufptr += 2;
+#endif
            PL_lex_state = LEX_INTERPCONCAT;
            return yylex();
        }
        else {
            DEBUG_T({ PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-              "### Saw case modifier at '%s'\n", PL_bufptr); });
+              "### Saw case modifier\n"); });
            s = PL_bufptr + 1;
            if (s[1] == '\\' && s[2] == 'E') {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               if (!PL_thiswhite)
+                   PL_thiswhite = newSVpvs("");
+               sv_catpvn(PL_thiswhite, PL_bufptr, 4);
+#endif
                PL_bufptr = s + 3;
                PL_lex_state = LEX_INTERPCONCAT;
                return yylex();
            }
            else {
-               if (strnEQ(s, "L\\u", 3) || strnEQ(s, "U\\l", 3))
-                   tmp = *s, *s = s[2], s[2] = (char)tmp;      /* misordered... */
+               I32 tmp;
+               if (!PL_madskills) /* when just compiling don't need correct */
+                   if (strnEQ(s, "L\\u", 3) || strnEQ(s, "U\\l", 3))
+                       tmp = *s, *s = s[2], s[2] = (char)tmp;  /* misordered... */
                if ((*s == 'L' || *s == 'U') &&
                    (strchr(PL_lex_casestack, 'L') || strchr(PL_lex_casestack, 'U'))) {
                    PL_lex_casestack[--PL_lex_casemods] = '\0';
@@ -2402,26 +3288,40 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                PL_lex_casestack[PL_lex_casemods++] = *s;
                PL_lex_casestack[PL_lex_casemods] = '\0';
                PL_lex_state = LEX_INTERPCONCAT;
-               PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].ival = 0;
+               start_force(PL_curforce);
+               NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.ival = 0;
                force_next('(');
+               start_force(PL_curforce);
                if (*s == 'l')
-                   PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].ival = OP_LCFIRST;
+                   NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.ival = OP_LCFIRST;
                else if (*s == 'u')
-                   PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].ival = OP_UCFIRST;
+                   NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.ival = OP_UCFIRST;
                else if (*s == 'L')
-                   PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].ival = OP_LC;
+                   NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.ival = OP_LC;
                else if (*s == 'U')
-                   PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].ival = OP_UC;
+                   NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.ival = OP_UC;
                else if (*s == 'Q')
-                   PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].ival = OP_QUOTEMETA;
+                   NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.ival = OP_QUOTEMETA;
                else
                    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: yylex");
+               if (PL_madskills) {
+                   SV* const tmpsv = newSVpvs("");
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ tmpsv, "\\%c", *s);
+                   curmad('_', tmpsv);
+               }
                PL_bufptr = s + 1;
            }
            force_next(FUNC);
            if (PL_lex_starts) {
                s = PL_bufptr;
                PL_lex_starts = 0;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               if (PL_madskills) {
+                   if (PL_thistoken)
+                       sv_free(PL_thistoken);
+                   PL_thistoken = newSVpvs("");
+               }
+#endif
                /* commas only at base level: /$a\Ub$c/ => ($a,uc(b.$c)) */
                if (PL_lex_casemods == 1 && PL_lex_inpat)
                    OPERATOR(',');
@@ -2439,23 +3339,35 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        if (PL_bufptr == PL_bufend)
            return REPORT(sublex_done());
        DEBUG_T({ PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-              "### Interpolated variable at '%s'\n", PL_bufptr); });
+              "### Interpolated variable\n"); });
        PL_expect = XTERM;
        PL_lex_dojoin = (*PL_bufptr == '@');
        PL_lex_state = LEX_INTERPNORMAL;
        if (PL_lex_dojoin) {
-           PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].ival = 0;
+           start_force(PL_curforce);
+           NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.ival = 0;
            force_next(',');
+           start_force(PL_curforce);
            force_ident("\"", '$');
-           PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].ival = 0;
+           start_force(PL_curforce);
+           NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.ival = 0;
            force_next('$');
-           PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].ival = 0;
+           start_force(PL_curforce);
+           NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.ival = 0;
            force_next('(');
-           PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].ival = OP_JOIN;     /* emulate join($", ...) */
+           start_force(PL_curforce);
+           NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.ival = OP_JOIN;    /* emulate join($", ...) */
            force_next(FUNC);
        }
        if (PL_lex_starts++) {
            s = PL_bufptr;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           if (PL_madskills) {
+               if (PL_thistoken)
+                   sv_free(PL_thistoken);
+               PL_thistoken = newSVpvs("");
+           }
+#endif
            /* commas only at base level: /$a\Ub$c/ => ($a,uc(b.$c)) */
            if (!PL_lex_casemods && PL_lex_inpat)
                OPERATOR(',');
@@ -2475,6 +3387,13 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        if (PL_lex_dojoin) {
            PL_lex_dojoin = FALSE;
            PL_lex_state = LEX_INTERPCONCAT;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           if (PL_madskills) {
+               if (PL_thistoken)
+                   sv_free(PL_thistoken);
+               PL_thistoken = newSVpvs("");
+           }
+#endif
            return REPORT(')');
        }
        if (PL_lex_inwhat == OP_SUBST && PL_linestr == PL_lex_repl
@@ -2482,7 +3401,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        {
            if (PL_bufptr != PL_bufend)
                Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad evalled substitution pattern");
-           PL_lex_repl = Nullsv;
+           PL_lex_repl = NULL;
        }
        /* FALLTHROUGH */
     case LEX_INTERPCONCAT:
@@ -2511,10 +3430,21 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        }
 
        if (s != PL_bufptr) {
-           PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke] = yylval;
+           start_force(PL_curforce);
+           if (PL_madskills) {
+               curmad('X', newSVpvn(PL_bufptr,s-PL_bufptr));
+           }
+           NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE = yylval;
            PL_expect = XTERM;
            force_next(THING);
            if (PL_lex_starts++) {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               if (PL_madskills) {
+                   if (PL_thistoken)
+                       sv_free(PL_thistoken);
+                   PL_thistoken = newSVpvs("");
+               }
+#endif
                /* commas only at base level: /$a\Ub$c/ => ($a,uc(b.$c)) */
                if (!PL_lex_casemods && PL_lex_inpat)
                    OPERATOR(',');
@@ -2539,12 +3469,15 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
     s = PL_bufptr;
     PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr;
     PL_oldbufptr = s;
-    DEBUG_T( {
-       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "### Tokener expecting %s at [%s]\n",
-                     exp_name[PL_expect], s);
-    } );
 
   retry:
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_thistoken) {
+       sv_free(PL_thistoken);
+       PL_thistoken = 0;
+    }
+    PL_realtokenstart = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr); /* assume but undo on ws */
+#endif
     switch (*s) {
     default:
        if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF))
@@ -2554,14 +3487,18 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
     case 26:
        goto fake_eof;                  /* emulate EOF on ^D or ^Z */
     case 0:
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       if (PL_madskills)
+           PL_faketokens = 0;
+#endif
        if (!PL_rsfp) {
            PL_last_uni = 0;
            PL_last_lop = 0;
            if (PL_lex_brackets) {
-               if (PL_lex_formbrack)
-                   yyerror("Format not terminated");
-                else
-                   yyerror("Missing right curly or square bracket");
+               yyerror((const char *)
+                       (PL_lex_formbrack
+                        ? "Format not terminated"
+                        : "Missing right curly or square bracket"));
            }
             DEBUG_T( { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
                         "### Tokener got EOF\n");
@@ -2574,23 +3511,27 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        PL_last_lop = 0;
        if (!PL_in_eval && !PL_preambled) {
            PL_preambled = TRUE;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           if (PL_madskills)
+               PL_faketokens = 1;
+#endif
            sv_setpv(PL_linestr,incl_perldb());
            if (SvCUR(PL_linestr))
-               sv_catpvn(PL_linestr,";", 1);
+               sv_catpvs(PL_linestr,";");
            if (PL_preambleav){
                while(AvFILLp(PL_preambleav) >= 0) {
                    SV *tmpsv = av_shift(PL_preambleav);
                    sv_catsv(PL_linestr, tmpsv);
-                   sv_catpvn(PL_linestr, ";", 1);
+                   sv_catpvs(PL_linestr, ";");
                    sv_free(tmpsv);
                }
                sv_free((SV*)PL_preambleav);
                PL_preambleav = NULL;
            }
            if (PL_minus_n || PL_minus_p) {
-               sv_catpv(PL_linestr, "LINE: while (<>) {");
+               sv_catpvs(PL_linestr, "LINE: while (<>) {");
                if (PL_minus_l)
-                   sv_catpv(PL_linestr,"chomp;");
+                   sv_catpvs(PL_linestr,"chomp;");
                if (PL_minus_a) {
                    if (PL_minus_F) {
                        if ((*PL_splitstr == '/' || *PL_splitstr == '\''
@@ -2600,11 +3541,8 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                        else {
                            /* "q\0${splitstr}\0" is legal perl. Yes, even NUL
                               bytes can be used as quoting characters.  :-) */
-                           /* The count here deliberately includes the NUL
-                              that terminates the C string constant.  This
-                              embeds the opening NUL into the string.  */
                            const char *splits = PL_splitstr;
-                           sv_catpvn(PL_linestr, "our @F=split(q", 15);
+                           sv_catpvs(PL_linestr, "our @F=split(q\0");
                            do {
                                /* Need to \ \s  */
                                if (*splits == '\\')
@@ -2614,32 +3552,30 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                            /* This loop will embed the trailing NUL of
                               PL_linestr as the last thing it does before
                               terminating.  */
-                           sv_catpvn(PL_linestr, ");", 2);
+                           sv_catpvs(PL_linestr, ");");
                        }
                    }
                    else
-                       sv_catpv(PL_linestr,"our @F=split(' ');");
+                       sv_catpvs(PL_linestr,"our @F=split(' ');");
                }
            }
-           sv_catpvn(PL_linestr, "\n", 1);
+           if (PL_minus_E)
+               sv_catpvs(PL_linestr,"use feature ':5.10';");
+           sv_catpvs(PL_linestr, "\n");
            PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr = s = PL_linestart = SvPVX(PL_linestr);
            PL_bufend = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + SvCUR(PL_linestr);
-           PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
-           if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
-               SV *sv = NEWSV(85,0);
-
-               sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVMG);
-               sv_setsv(sv,PL_linestr);
-                (void)SvIOK_on(sv);
-                SvIVX(sv) = 0;
-               av_store(CopFILEAV(PL_curcop),(I32)CopLINE(PL_curcop),sv);
-           }
+           PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
+           if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
+               update_debugger_info_sv(PL_linestr);
            goto retry;
        }
        do {
            bof = PL_rsfp ? TRUE : FALSE;
-           if ((s = filter_gets(PL_linestr, PL_rsfp, 0)) == Nullch) {
+           if ((s = filter_gets(PL_linestr, PL_rsfp, 0)) == NULL) {
              fake_eof:
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               PL_realtokenstart = -1;
+#endif
                if (PL_rsfp) {
                    if (PL_preprocess && !PL_in_eval)
                        (void)PerlProc_pclose(PL_rsfp);
@@ -2647,21 +3583,27 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                        PerlIO_clearerr(PL_rsfp);
                    else
                        (void)PerlIO_close(PL_rsfp);
-                   PL_rsfp = Nullfp;
+                   PL_rsfp = NULL;
                    PL_doextract = FALSE;
                }
                if (!PL_in_eval && (PL_minus_n || PL_minus_p)) {
-                   sv_setpv(PL_linestr,PL_minus_p
-                            ? ";}continue{print;}" : ";}");
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+                   if (PL_madskills)
+                       PL_faketokens = 1;
+#endif
+                   sv_setpv(PL_linestr,
+                            (const char *)
+                            (PL_minus_p
+                             ? ";}continue{print;}" : ";}"));
                    PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr = s = PL_linestart = SvPVX(PL_linestr);
                    PL_bufend = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + SvCUR(PL_linestr);
-                   PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
+                   PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
                    PL_minus_n = PL_minus_p = 0;
                    goto retry;
                }
                PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr = s = PL_linestart = SvPVX(PL_linestr);
-               PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
-               sv_setpv(PL_linestr,"");
+               PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
+               sv_setpvn(PL_linestr,"",0);
                TOKEN(';');     /* not infinite loop because rsfp is NULL now */
            }
            /* If it looks like the start of a BOM or raw UTF-16,
@@ -2701,34 +3643,35 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            }
            if (PL_doextract) {
                /* Incest with pod. */
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               if (PL_madskills)
+                   sv_catsv(PL_thiswhite, PL_linestr);
+#endif
                if (*s == '=' && strnEQ(s, "=cut", 4)) {
-                   sv_setpv(PL_linestr, "");
+                   sv_setpvn(PL_linestr, "", 0);
                    PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr = s = PL_linestart = SvPVX(PL_linestr);
                    PL_bufend = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + SvCUR(PL_linestr);
-                   PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
+                   PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
                    PL_doextract = FALSE;
                }
            }
            incline(s);
        } while (PL_doextract);
        PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr = PL_bufptr = PL_linestart = s;
-       if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
-           SV *sv = NEWSV(85,0);
-
-           sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVMG);
-           sv_setsv(sv,PL_linestr);
-            (void)SvIOK_on(sv);
-            SvIVX(sv) = 0;
-           av_store(CopFILEAV(PL_curcop),(I32)CopLINE(PL_curcop),sv);
-       }
+       if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
+           update_debugger_info_sv(PL_linestr);
        PL_bufend = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + SvCUR(PL_linestr);
-       PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
+       PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
        if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) == 1) {
            while (s < PL_bufend && isSPACE(*s))
                s++;
            if (*s == ':' && s[1] != ':') /* for csh execing sh scripts */
                s++;
-           d = Nullch;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           if (PL_madskills)
+               PL_thiswhite = newSVpvn(PL_linestart, s - PL_linestart);
+#endif
+           d = NULL;
            if (!PL_in_eval) {
                if (*s == '#' && *(s+1) == '!')
                    d = s + 2;
@@ -2759,7 +3702,8 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                     * at least, set argv[0] to the basename of the Perl
                     * interpreter. So, having found "#!", we'll set it right.
                     */
-                   SV *x = GvSV(gv_fetchpv("\030", TRUE, SVt_PV)); /* $^X */
+                   SV * const x = GvSV(gv_fetchpvs("\030", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL,
+                                                   SVt_PV)); /* $^X */
                    assert(SvPOK(x) || SvGMAGICAL(x));
                    if (sv_eq(x, CopFILESV(PL_curcop))) {
                        sv_setpvn(x, ipath, ipathend - ipath);
@@ -2768,8 +3712,8 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                    else {
                        STRLEN blen;
                        STRLEN llen;
-                       char *bstart = SvPV(CopFILESV(PL_curcop),blen);
-                       char *lstart = SvPV(x,llen);
+                       const char *bstart = SvPV_const(CopFILESV(PL_curcop),blen);
+                       const char * const lstart = SvPV_const(x,llen);
                        if (llen < blen) {
                            bstart += blen - llen;
                            if (strnEQ(bstart, lstart, llen) && bstart[-1] == '/') {
@@ -2800,7 +3744,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                            }
                        }
                        if (d < ipath)
-                           d = Nullch;
+                           d = NULL;
                    }
 #endif
                }
@@ -2815,11 +3759,11 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                 * contains the start of the Perl program.
                 */
                if (d && *s != '#') {
-                   char *c = ipath;
+                   const char *c = ipath;
                    while (*c && !strchr("; \t\r\n\f\v#", *c))
                        c++;
                    if (c < d)
-                       d = Nullch;     /* "perl" not in first word; ignore */
+                       d = NULL;       /* "perl" not in first word; ignore */
                    else
                        *s = '#';       /* Don't try to parse shebang line */
                }
@@ -2832,6 +3776,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                    !instr(s,"indir") &&
                    instr(PL_origargv[0],"perl"))
                {
+                   dVAR;
                    char **newargv;
 
                    *ipathend = '\0';
@@ -2839,7 +3784,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                    while (s < PL_bufend && isSPACE(*s))
                        s++;
                    if (s < PL_bufend) {
-                       Newz(899,newargv,PL_origargc+3,char*);
+                       Newxz(newargv,PL_origargc+3,char*);
                        newargv[1] = s;
                        while (s < PL_bufend && !isSPACE(*s))
                            s++;
@@ -2856,19 +3801,22 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                }
 #endif
                if (d) {
-                   U32 oldpdb = PL_perldb;
-                   bool oldn = PL_minus_n;
-                   bool oldp = PL_minus_p;
-
-                   while (*d && !isSPACE(*d)) d++;
-                   while (SPACE_OR_TAB(*d)) d++;
+                   while (*d && !isSPACE(*d))
+                       d++;
+                   while (SPACE_OR_TAB(*d))
+                       d++;
 
                    if (*d++ == '-') {
-                       bool switches_done = PL_doswitches;
+                       const bool switches_done = PL_doswitches;
+                       const U32 oldpdb = PL_perldb;
+                       const bool oldn = PL_minus_n;
+                       const bool oldp = PL_minus_p;
+
                        do {
                            if (*d == 'M' || *d == 'm' || *d == 'C') {
-                               char *m = d;
-                               while (*d && !isSPACE(*d)) d++;
+                               const char * const m = d;
+                               while (*d && !isSPACE(*d))
+                                   d++;
                                Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Too late for \"-%.*s\" option",
                                      (int)(d - m), m);
                            }
@@ -2887,23 +3835,15 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                              /* if we have already added "LINE: while (<>) {",
                                 we must not do it again */
                        {
-                           sv_setpv(PL_linestr, "");
+                           sv_setpvn(PL_linestr, "", 0);
                            PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr = s = PL_linestart = SvPVX(PL_linestr);
                            PL_bufend = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + SvCUR(PL_linestr);
-                           PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
+                           PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
                            PL_preambled = FALSE;
                            if (PERLDB_LINE)
                                (void)gv_fetchfile(PL_origfilename);
                            goto retry;
                        }
-                       if (PL_doswitches && !switches_done) {
-                           int argc = PL_origargc;
-                           char **argv = PL_origargv;
-                           do {
-                               argc--,argv++;
-                           } while (argc && argv[0][0] == '-' && argv[0][1]);
-                           init_argv_symbols(argc,argv);
-                       }
                    }
                }
            }
@@ -2924,24 +3864,46 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
     case '\312':
 #endif
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       PL_realtokenstart = -1;
+       s = SKIPSPACE0(s);
+#else
        s++;
+#endif
        goto retry;
     case '#':
     case '\n':
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       PL_realtokenstart = -1;
+       if (PL_madskills)
+           PL_faketokens = 0;
+#endif
        if (PL_lex_state != LEX_NORMAL || (PL_in_eval && !PL_rsfp)) {
            if (*s == '#' && s == PL_linestart && PL_in_eval && !PL_rsfp) {
                /* handle eval qq[#line 1 "foo"\n ...] */
                CopLINE_dec(PL_curcop);
                incline(s);
            }
-           d = PL_bufend;
-           while (s < d && *s != '\n')
-               s++;
-           if (s < d)
-               s++;
-           else if (s > d) /* Found by Ilya: feed random input to Perl. */
-             Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: input overflow");
-           incline(s);
+           if (PL_madskills && !PL_lex_formbrack && !PL_in_eval) {
+               s = SKIPSPACE0(s);
+               if (!PL_in_eval || PL_rsfp)
+                   incline(s);
+           }
+           else {
+               d = s;
+               while (d < PL_bufend && *d != '\n')
+                   d++;
+               if (d < PL_bufend)
+                   d++;
+               else if (d > PL_bufend) /* Found by Ilya: feed random input to Perl. */
+                 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: input overflow");
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               if (PL_madskills)
+                   PL_thiswhite = newSVpvn(s, d - s);
+#endif
+               s = d;
+               incline(s);
+           }
            if (PL_lex_formbrack && PL_lex_brackets <= PL_lex_formbrack) {
                PL_bufptr = s;
                PL_lex_state = LEX_FORMLINE;
@@ -2949,13 +3911,48 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            }
        }
        else {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           if (PL_madskills && CopLINE(PL_curcop) >= 1 && !PL_lex_formbrack) {
+               if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) == 1 && s[0] == '#' && s[1] == '!') {
+                   PL_faketokens = 0;
+                   s = SKIPSPACE0(s);
+                   TOKEN(PEG); /* make sure any #! line is accessible */
+               }
+               s = SKIPSPACE0(s);
+           }
+           else {
+/*             if (PL_madskills && PL_lex_formbrack) { */
+                   d = s;
+                   while (d < PL_bufend && *d != '\n')
+                       d++;
+                   if (d < PL_bufend)
+                       d++;
+                   else if (d > PL_bufend) /* Found by Ilya: feed random input to Perl. */
+                     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: input overflow");
+                   if (PL_madskills && CopLINE(PL_curcop) >= 1) {
+                       if (!PL_thiswhite)
+                           PL_thiswhite = newSVpvs("");
+                       if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) == 1) {
+                           sv_setpvn(PL_thiswhite, "", 0);
+                           PL_faketokens = 0;
+                       }
+                       sv_catpvn(PL_thiswhite, s, d - s);
+                   }
+                   s = d;
+/*             }
+               *s = '\0';
+               PL_bufend = s; */
+           }
+#else
            *s = '\0';
            PL_bufend = s;
+#endif
        }
        goto retry;
     case '-':
        if (s[1] && isALPHA(s[1]) && !isALNUM(s[2])) {
            I32 ftst = 0;
+           char tmp;
 
            s++;
            PL_bufptr = s;
@@ -2966,9 +3963,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
 
            if (strnEQ(s,"=>",2)) {
                s = force_word(PL_bufptr,WORD,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE);
-                DEBUG_T( { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                            "### Saw unary minus before =>, forcing word '%s'\n", s);
-                } );
+               DEBUG_T( { printbuf("### Saw unary minus before =>, forcing word %s\n", s); } );
                OPERATOR('-');          /* unary minus */
            }
            PL_last_uni = PL_oldbufptr;
@@ -2998,7 +3993,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            case 'T': ftst = OP_FTTEXT;         break;
            case 'B': ftst = OP_FTBINARY;       break;
            case 'M': case 'A': case 'C':
-               gv_fetchpv("\024",TRUE, SVt_PV);
+               gv_fetchpvs("\024", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV);
                switch (tmp) {
                case 'M': ftst = OP_FTMTIME;    break;
                case 'A': ftst = OP_FTATIME;    break;
@@ -3012,7 +4007,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            if (ftst) {
                PL_last_lop_op = (OPCODE)ftst;
                DEBUG_T( { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                        "### Saw file test %c\n", (int)ftst);
+                        "### Saw file test %c\n", (int)tmp);
                } );
                FTST(ftst);
            }
@@ -3026,49 +4021,53 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                s = --PL_bufptr;
            }
        }
-       tmp = *s++;
-       if (*s == tmp) {
-           s++;
+       {
+           const char tmp = *s++;
+           if (*s == tmp) {
+               s++;
+               if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR)
+                   TERM(POSTDEC);
+               else
+                   OPERATOR(PREDEC);
+           }
+           else if (*s == '>') {
+               s++;
+               s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
+               if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF)) {
+                   s = force_word(s,METHOD,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE);
+                   TOKEN(ARROW);
+               }
+               else if (*s == '$')
+                   OPERATOR(ARROW);
+               else
+                   TERM(ARROW);
+           }
            if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR)
-               TERM(POSTDEC);
-           else
-               OPERATOR(PREDEC);
-       }
-       else if (*s == '>') {
-           s++;
-           s = skipspace(s);
-           if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF)) {
-               s = force_word(s,METHOD,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE);
-               TOKEN(ARROW);
+               Aop(OP_SUBTRACT);
+           else {
+               if (isSPACE(*s) || !isSPACE(*PL_bufptr))
+                   check_uni();
+               OPERATOR('-');          /* unary minus */
            }
-           else if (*s == '$')
-               OPERATOR(ARROW);
-           else
-               TERM(ARROW);
-       }
-       if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR)
-           Aop(OP_SUBTRACT);
-       else {
-           if (isSPACE(*s) || !isSPACE(*PL_bufptr))
-               check_uni();
-           OPERATOR('-');              /* unary minus */
        }
 
     case '+':
-       tmp = *s++;
-       if (*s == tmp) {
-           s++;
+       {
+           const char tmp = *s++;
+           if (*s == tmp) {
+               s++;
+               if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR)
+                   TERM(POSTINC);
+               else
+                   OPERATOR(PREINC);
+           }
            if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR)
-               TERM(POSTINC);
-           else
-               OPERATOR(PREINC);
-       }
-       if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR)
-           Aop(OP_ADD);
-       else {
-           if (isSPACE(*s) || !isSPACE(*PL_bufptr))
-               check_uni();
-           OPERATOR('+');
+               Aop(OP_ADD);
+           else {
+               if (isSPACE(*s) || !isSPACE(*PL_bufptr))
+                   check_uni();
+               OPERATOR('+');
+           }
        }
 
     case '*':
@@ -3107,17 +4106,29 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        PL_lex_brackets++;
        /* FALL THROUGH */
     case '~':
+       if (s[1] == '~'
+       && (PL_expect == XOPERATOR || PL_expect == XTERMORDORDOR)
+       && FEATURE_IS_ENABLED("~~"))
+       {
+           s += 2;
+           Eop(OP_SMARTMATCH);
+       }
     case ',':
-       tmp = *s++;
-       OPERATOR(tmp);
+       {
+           const char tmp = *s++;
+           OPERATOR(tmp);
+       }
     case ':':
        if (s[1] == ':') {
            len = 0;
-           goto just_a_word;
+           goto just_a_word_zero_gv;
        }
        s++;
        switch (PL_expect) {
            OP *attrs;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           I32 stuffstart;
+#endif
        case XOPERATOR:
            if (!PL_in_my || PL_lex_state != LEX_NORMAL)
                break;
@@ -3129,11 +4140,16 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        case XATTRTERM:
            PL_expect = XTERMBLOCK;
         grabattrs:
-           s = skipspace(s);
-           attrs = Nullop;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           stuffstart = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr) - 1;
+#endif
+           s = PEEKSPACE(s);
+           attrs = NULL;
            while (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF)) {
+               I32 tmp;
+               SV *sv;
                d = scan_word(s, PL_tokenbuf, sizeof PL_tokenbuf, FALSE, &len);
-               if (isLOWER(*s) && (tmp = keyword(PL_tokenbuf, len))) {
+               if (isLOWER(*s) && (tmp = keyword(PL_tokenbuf, len, 0))) {
                    if (tmp < 0) tmp = -tmp;
                    switch (tmp) {
                    case KEY_or:
@@ -3149,6 +4165,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                        break;
                    }
                }
+               sv = newSVpvn(s, len);
                if (*d == '(') {
                    d = scan_str(d,TRUE,TRUE);
                    if (!d) {
@@ -3159,39 +4176,50 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                        yyerror("Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list");
                        if (attrs)
                            op_free(attrs);
+                       sv_free(sv);
                        return REPORT(0);       /* EOF indicator */
                    }
                }
                if (PL_lex_stuff) {
-                   SV *sv = newSVpvn(s, len);
                    sv_catsv(sv, PL_lex_stuff);
                    attrs = append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
                                        newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv));
                    SvREFCNT_dec(PL_lex_stuff);
-                   PL_lex_stuff = Nullsv;
+                   PL_lex_stuff = NULL;
                }
                else {
-                   if (len == 6 && strnEQ(s, "unique", len)) {
-                       if (PL_in_my == KEY_our)
+                   if (len == 6 && strnEQ(SvPVX(sv), "unique", len)) {
+                       sv_free(sv);
+                       if (PL_in_my == KEY_our) {
 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
                            GvUNIQUE_on(cGVOPx_gv(yylval.opval));
 #else
-                           ; /* skip to avoid loading attributes.pm */
+                           /* skip to avoid loading attributes.pm */
 #endif
+                           deprecate(":unique");
+                       }
                        else
                            Perl_croak(aTHX_ "The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables");
                    }
 
                    /* NOTE: any CV attrs applied here need to be part of
                       the CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS define in cv.h! */
-                   else if (!PL_in_my && len == 6 && strnEQ(s, "lvalue", len))
+                   else if (!PL_in_my && len == 6 && strnEQ(SvPVX(sv), "lvalue", len)) {
+                       sv_free(sv);
                        CvLVALUE_on(PL_compcv);
-                   else if (!PL_in_my && len == 6 && strnEQ(s, "locked", len))
+                   }
+                   else if (!PL_in_my && len == 6 && strnEQ(SvPVX(sv), "locked", len)) {
+                       sv_free(sv);
                        CvLOCKED_on(PL_compcv);
-                   else if (!PL_in_my && len == 6 && strnEQ(s, "method", len))
+                   }
+                   else if (!PL_in_my && len == 6 && strnEQ(SvPVX(sv), "method", len)) {
+                       sv_free(sv);
                        CvMETHOD_on(PL_compcv);
-                   else if (!PL_in_my && len == 9 && strnEQ(s, "assertion", len))
+                   }
+                   else if (!PL_in_my && len == 9 && strnEQ(SvPVX(sv), "assertion", len)) {
+                       sv_free(sv);
                        CvASSERTION_on(PL_compcv);
+                   }
                    /* After we've set the flags, it could be argued that
                       we don't need to do the attributes.pm-based setting
                       process, and shouldn't bother appending recognized
@@ -3205,40 +4233,54 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                    else
                        attrs = append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
                                            newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
-                                                   newSVpvn(s, len)));
+                                                   sv));
                }
-               s = skipspace(d);
+               s = PEEKSPACE(d);
                if (*s == ':' && s[1] != ':')
-                   s = skipspace(s+1);
+                   s = PEEKSPACE(s+1);
                else if (s == d)
                    break;      /* require real whitespace or :'s */
+               /* XXX losing whitespace on sequential attributes here */
            }
-           tmp = (PL_expect == XOPERATOR ? '=' : '{'); /*'}(' for vi */
-           if (*s != ';' && *s != '}' && *s != tmp && (tmp != '=' || *s != ')')) {
-               char q = ((*s == '\'') ? '"' : '\'');
-               /* If here for an expression, and parsed no attrs, back off. */
-               if (tmp == '=' && !attrs) {
-                   s = PL_bufptr;
-                   break;
+           {
+               const char tmp
+                   = (PL_expect == XOPERATOR ? '=' : '{'); /*'}(' for vi */
+               if (*s != ';' && *s != '}' && *s != tmp
+                   && (tmp != '=' || *s != ')')) {
+                   const char q = ((*s == '\'') ? '"' : '\'');
+                   /* If here for an expression, and parsed no attrs, back
+                      off. */
+                   if (tmp == '=' && !attrs) {
+                       s = PL_bufptr;
+                       break;
+                   }
+                   /* MUST advance bufptr here to avoid bogus "at end of line"
+                      context messages from yyerror().
+                   */
+                   PL_bufptr = s;
+                   yyerror( (const char *)
+                            (*s
+                             ? Perl_form(aTHX_ "Invalid separator character "
+                                         "%c%c%c in attribute list", q, *s, q)
+                             : "Unterminated attribute list" ) );
+                   if (attrs)
+                       op_free(attrs);
+                   OPERATOR(':');
                }
-               /* MUST advance bufptr here to avoid bogus "at end of line"
-                  context messages from yyerror().
-                */
-               PL_bufptr = s;
-               if (!*s)
-                   yyerror("Unterminated attribute list");
-               else
-                   yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Invalid separator character %c%c%c in attribute list",
-                                     q, *s, q));
-               if (attrs)
-                   op_free(attrs);
-               OPERATOR(':');
            }
        got_attrs:
            if (attrs) {
-               PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].opval = attrs;
+               start_force(PL_curforce);
+               NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval = attrs;
+               CURMAD('_', PL_nextwhite);
                force_next(THING);
            }
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           if (PL_madskills) {
+               PL_thistoken = newSVpvn(SvPVX(PL_linestr) + stuffstart,
+                                    (s - SvPVX(PL_linestr)) - stuffstart);
+           }
+#endif
            TOKEN(COLONATTR);
        }
        OPERATOR(':');
@@ -3248,18 +4290,22 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            PL_oldbufptr = PL_oldoldbufptr;             /* allow print(STDOUT 123) */
        else
            PL_expect = XTERM;
-       s = skipspace(s);
+       s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
        TOKEN('(');
     case ';':
        CLINE;
-       tmp = *s++;
-       OPERATOR(tmp);
+       {
+           const char tmp = *s++;
+           OPERATOR(tmp);
+       }
     case ')':
-       tmp = *s++;
-       s = skipspace(s);
-       if (*s == '{')
-           PREBLOCK(tmp);
-       TERM(tmp);
+       {
+           const char tmp = *s++;
+           s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
+           if (*s == '{')
+               PREBLOCK(tmp);
+           TERM(tmp);
+       }
     case ']':
        s++;
        if (PL_lex_brackets <= 0)
@@ -3307,7 +4353,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                while (d < PL_bufend && SPACE_OR_TAB(*d))
                    d++;
                if (*d == '}') {
-                   char minus = (PL_tokenbuf[0] == '-');
+                   const char minus = (PL_tokenbuf[0] == '-');
                    s = force_word(s + minus, WORD, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE);
                    if (minus)
                        force_next('-');
@@ -3325,12 +4371,12 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            PL_expect = XSTATE;
            break;
        default: {
-               char *t;
+               const char *t;
                if (PL_oldoldbufptr == PL_last_lop)
                    PL_lex_brackstack[PL_lex_brackets++] = XTERM;
                else
                    PL_lex_brackstack[PL_lex_brackets++] = XOPERATOR;
-               s = skipspace(s);
+               s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
                if (*s == '}') {
                    if (PL_expect == XREF && PL_lex_state == LEX_INTERPNORMAL) {
                        PL_expect = XTERM;
@@ -3348,7 +4394,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                 * eval"") we have to resolve the ambiguity.  This code
                 * covers the case where the first term in the curlies is a
                 * quoted string.  Most other cases need to be explicitly
-                * disambiguated by prepending a `+' before the opening
+                * disambiguated by prepending a "+" before the opening
                 * curly in order to force resolution as an anon hash.
                 *
                 * XXX should probably propagate the outer expectation
@@ -3371,7 +4417,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                                && !isALNUM(*t))))
                    {
                        /* skip q//-like construct */
-                       char *tmps;
+                       const char *tmps;
                        char open, close, term;
                        I32 brackets = 1;
 
@@ -3450,6 +4496,13 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                    PL_expect &= XENUMMASK;
                    PL_lex_state = LEX_INTERPEND;
                    PL_bufptr = s;
+#if 0
+                   if (PL_madskills) {
+                       if (!PL_thiswhite)
+                           PL_thiswhite = newSVpvs("");
+                       sv_catpvn(PL_thiswhite,"}",1);
+                   }
+#endif
                    return yylex();     /* ignore fake brackets */
                }
                if (*s == '-' && s[1] == '>')
@@ -3463,17 +4516,25 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            PL_bufptr = s;
            return yylex();             /* ignore fake brackets */
        }
+       start_force(PL_curforce);
+       if (PL_madskills) {
+           curmad('X', newSVpvn(s-1,1));
+           CURMAD('_', PL_thiswhite);
+       }
        force_next('}');
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       if (!PL_thistoken)
+           PL_thistoken = newSVpvs("");
+#endif
        TOKEN(';');
     case '&':
        s++;
-       tmp = *s++;
-       if (tmp == '&')
+       if (*s++ == '&')
            AOPERATOR(ANDAND);
        s--;
        if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR) {
-           if (ckWARN(WARN_SEMICOLON)
-               && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF) && PL_bufptr == PL_linestart)
+           if (PL_bufptr == PL_linestart && ckWARN(WARN_SEMICOLON)
+               && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF))
            {
                CopLINE_dec(PL_curcop);
                Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SEMICOLON), PL_warn_nosemi);
@@ -3494,55 +4555,67 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
 
     case '|':
        s++;
-       tmp = *s++;
-       if (tmp == '|')
+       if (*s++ == '|')
            AOPERATOR(OROR);
        s--;
        BOop(OP_BIT_OR);
     case '=':
        s++;
-       tmp = *s++;
-       if (tmp == '=')
-           Eop(OP_EQ);
-       if (tmp == '>')
-           OPERATOR(',');
-       if (tmp == '~')
-           PMop(OP_MATCH);
-       if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX) && tmp && isSPACE(*s) && strchr("+-*/%.^&|<",tmp))
-           Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Reversed %c= operator",(int)tmp);
-       s--;
-       if (PL_expect == XSTATE && isALPHA(tmp) &&
-               (s == PL_linestart+1 || s[-2] == '\n') )
        {
-           if (PL_in_eval && !PL_rsfp) {
-               d = PL_bufend;
-               while (s < d) {
-                   if (*s++ == '\n') {
-                       incline(s);
-                       if (strnEQ(s,"=cut",4)) {
-                           s = strchr(s,'\n');
-                           if (s)
-                               s++;
-                           else
-                               s = d;
-                           incline(s);
-                           goto retry;
+           const char tmp = *s++;
+           if (tmp == '=')
+               Eop(OP_EQ);
+           if (tmp == '>')
+               OPERATOR(',');
+           if (tmp == '~')
+               PMop(OP_MATCH);
+           if (tmp && isSPACE(*s) && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)
+               && strchr("+-*/%.^&|<",tmp))
+               Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
+                           "Reversed %c= operator",(int)tmp);
+           s--;
+           if (PL_expect == XSTATE && isALPHA(tmp) &&
+               (s == PL_linestart+1 || s[-2] == '\n') )
+               {
+                   if (PL_in_eval && !PL_rsfp) {
+                       d = PL_bufend;
+                       while (s < d) {
+                           if (*s++ == '\n') {
+                               incline(s);
+                               if (strnEQ(s,"=cut",4)) {
+                                   s = strchr(s,'\n');
+                                   if (s)
+                                       s++;
+                                   else
+                                       s = d;
+                                   incline(s);
+                                   goto retry;
+                               }
+                           }
                        }
+                       goto retry;
                    }
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+                   if (PL_madskills) {
+                       if (!PL_thiswhite)
+                           PL_thiswhite = newSVpvs("");
+                       sv_catpvn(PL_thiswhite, PL_linestart,
+                                 PL_bufend - PL_linestart);
+                   }
+#endif
+                   s = PL_bufend;
+                   PL_doextract = TRUE;
+                   goto retry;
                }
-               goto retry;
-           }
-           s = PL_bufend;
-           PL_doextract = TRUE;
-           goto retry;
        }
        if (PL_lex_brackets < PL_lex_formbrack) {
-           char *t;
+           const char *t = s;
 #ifdef PERL_STRICT_CR
-           for (t = s; SPACE_OR_TAB(*t); t++) ;
+           while (SPACE_OR_TAB(*t))
 #else
-           for (t = s; SPACE_OR_TAB(*t) || *t == '\r'; t++) ;
+           while (SPACE_OR_TAB(*t) || *t == '\r')
 #endif
+               t++;
            if (*t == '\n' || *t == '#') {
                s--;
                PL_expect = XBLOCK;
@@ -3553,27 +4626,30 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        OPERATOR(ASSIGNOP);
     case '!':
        s++;
-       tmp = *s++;
-       if (tmp == '=') {
-            /* was this !=~ where !~ was meant?
-             * warn on m:!=~\s+([/?]|[msy]\W|tr\W): */
-
-            if (*s == '~' && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
-                char *t = s+1;
-
-                while (t < PL_bufend && isSPACE(*t))
-                    ++t;
-
-                if (*t == '/' || *t == '?' ||
-                    ((*t == 'm' || *t == 's' || *t == 'y') && !isALNUM(t[1])) ||
-                    (*t == 't' && t[1] == 'r' && !isALNUM(t[2])))
-                    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
-                                "!=~ should be !~");
-            }
-           Eop(OP_NE);
-        }
-       if (tmp == '~')
-           PMop(OP_NOT);
+       {
+           const char tmp = *s++;
+           if (tmp == '=') {
+               /* was this !=~ where !~ was meant?
+                * warn on m:!=~\s+([/?]|[msy]\W|tr\W): */
+
+               if (*s == '~' && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
+                   const char *t = s+1;
+
+                   while (t < PL_bufend && isSPACE(*t))
+                       ++t;
+
+                   if (*t == '/' || *t == '?' ||
+                       ((*t == 'm' || *t == 's' || *t == 'y')
+                        && !isALNUM(t[1])) ||
+                       (*t == 't' && t[1] == 'r' && !isALNUM(t[2])))
+                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
+                                   "!=~ should be !~");
+               }
+               Eop(OP_NE);
+           }
+           if (tmp == '~')
+               PMop(OP_NOT);
+       }
        s--;
        OPERATOR('!');
     case '<':
@@ -3587,25 +4663,29 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            TERM(sublex_start());
        }
        s++;
-       tmp = *s++;
-       if (tmp == '<')
-           SHop(OP_LEFT_SHIFT);
-       if (tmp == '=') {
-           tmp = *s++;
-           if (tmp == '>')
-               Eop(OP_NCMP);
-           s--;
-           Rop(OP_LE);
+       {
+           char tmp = *s++;
+           if (tmp == '<')
+               SHop(OP_LEFT_SHIFT);
+           if (tmp == '=') {
+               tmp = *s++;
+               if (tmp == '>')
+                   Eop(OP_NCMP);
+               s--;
+               Rop(OP_LE);
+           }
        }
        s--;
        Rop(OP_LT);
     case '>':
        s++;
-       tmp = *s++;
-       if (tmp == '>')
-           SHop(OP_RIGHT_SHIFT);
-       if (tmp == '=')
-           Rop(OP_GE);
+       {
+           const char tmp = *s++;
+           if (tmp == '>')
+               SHop(OP_RIGHT_SHIFT);
+           else if (tmp == '=')
+               Rop(OP_GE);
+       }
        s--;
        Rop(OP_GT);
 
@@ -3615,7 +4695,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR) {
            if (PL_lex_formbrack && PL_lex_brackets == PL_lex_formbrack) {
                PL_expect = XTERM;
-               depcom();
+               deprecate_old(commaless_variable_list);
                return REPORT(','); /* grandfather non-comma-format format */
            }
        }
@@ -3647,98 +4727,111 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        /* This kludge not intended to be bulletproof. */
        if (PL_tokenbuf[1] == '[' && !PL_tokenbuf[2]) {
            yylval.opval = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
-                                  newSViv(PL_compiling.cop_arybase));
+                                  newSViv(CopARYBASE_get(&PL_compiling)));
            yylval.opval->op_private = OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
            TERM(THING);
        }
 
        d = s;
-       tmp = (I32)*s;
-       if (PL_lex_state == LEX_NORMAL)
-           s = skipspace(s);
-
-       if ((PL_expect != XREF || PL_oldoldbufptr == PL_last_lop) && intuit_more(s)) {
-           char *t;
-           if (*s == '[') {
-               PL_tokenbuf[0] = '@';
-               if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
-                   for(t = s + 1;
-                       isSPACE(*t) || isALNUM_lazy_if(t,UTF) || *t == '$';
-                       t++) ;
-                   if (*t++ == ',') {
-                       PL_bufptr = skipspace(PL_bufptr);
-                       while (t < PL_bufend && *t != ']')
+       {
+           const char tmp = *s;
+           if (PL_lex_state == LEX_NORMAL)
+               s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
+
+           if ((PL_expect != XREF || PL_oldoldbufptr == PL_last_lop)
+               && intuit_more(s)) {
+               if (*s == '[') {
+                   PL_tokenbuf[0] = '@';
+                   if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
+                       char *t = s+1;
+
+                       while (isSPACE(*t) || isALNUM_lazy_if(t,UTF) || *t == '$')
                            t++;
-                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
-                               "Multidimensional syntax %.*s not supported",
-                               (t - PL_bufptr) + 1, PL_bufptr);
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           else if (*s == '{') {
-               PL_tokenbuf[0] = '%';
-               if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX) && strEQ(PL_tokenbuf+1, "SIG") &&
-                   (t = strchr(s, '}')) && (t = strchr(t, '=')))
-               {
-                   char tmpbuf[sizeof PL_tokenbuf];
-                   STRLEN len;
-                   for (t++; isSPACE(*t); t++) ;
-                   if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(t,UTF)) {
-                       t = scan_word(t, tmpbuf, sizeof tmpbuf, TRUE, &len);
-                       for (; isSPACE(*t); t++) ;
-                       if (*t == ';' && get_cv(tmpbuf, FALSE))
+                       if (*t++ == ',') {
+                           PL_bufptr = PEEKSPACE(PL_bufptr); /* XXX can realloc */
+                           while (t < PL_bufend && *t != ']')
+                               t++;
                            Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
-                               "You need to quote \"%s\"", tmpbuf);
+                                       "Multidimensional syntax %.*s not supported",
+                                   (int)((t - PL_bufptr) + 1), PL_bufptr);
+                       }
                    }
                }
+               else if (*s == '{') {
+                   char *t;
+                   PL_tokenbuf[0] = '%';
+                   if (strEQ(PL_tokenbuf+1, "SIG")  && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)
+                       && (t = strchr(s, '}')) && (t = strchr(t, '=')))
+                       {
+                           char tmpbuf[sizeof PL_tokenbuf];
+                           do {
+                               t++;
+                           } while (isSPACE(*t));
+                           if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(t,UTF)) {
+                               STRLEN dummylen;
+                               t = scan_word(t, tmpbuf, sizeof tmpbuf, TRUE,
+                                             &dummylen);
+                               while (isSPACE(*t))
+                                   t++;
+                               if (*t == ';' && get_cv(tmpbuf, FALSE))
+                                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
+                                               "You need to quote \"%s\"",
+                                               tmpbuf);
+                           }
+                       }
+               }
            }
-       }
 
-       PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
-       if (PL_lex_state == LEX_NORMAL && isSPACE((char)tmp)) {
-           bool islop = (PL_last_lop == PL_oldoldbufptr);
-           if (!islop || PL_last_lop_op == OP_GREPSTART)
-               PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
-           else if (strchr("$@\"'`q", *s))
-               PL_expect = XTERM;              /* e.g. print $fh "foo" */
-           else if (strchr("&*<%", *s) && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s+1,UTF))
-               PL_expect = XTERM;              /* e.g. print $fh &sub */
-           else if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF)) {
-               char tmpbuf[sizeof PL_tokenbuf];
-               scan_word(s, tmpbuf, sizeof tmpbuf, TRUE, &len);
-               if ((tmp = keyword(tmpbuf, len))) {
-                   /* binary operators exclude handle interpretations */
-                   switch (tmp) {
-                   case -KEY_x:
-                   case -KEY_eq:
-                   case -KEY_ne:
-                   case -KEY_gt:
-                   case -KEY_lt:
-                   case -KEY_ge:
-                   case -KEY_le:
-                   case -KEY_cmp:
-                       break;
-                   default:
-                       PL_expect = XTERM;      /* e.g. print $fh length() */
-                       break;
+           PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
+           if (PL_lex_state == LEX_NORMAL && isSPACE((char)tmp)) {
+               const bool islop = (PL_last_lop == PL_oldoldbufptr);
+               if (!islop || PL_last_lop_op == OP_GREPSTART)
+                   PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
+               else if (strchr("$@\"'`q", *s))
+                   PL_expect = XTERM;          /* e.g. print $fh "foo" */
+               else if (strchr("&*<%", *s) && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s+1,UTF))
+                   PL_expect = XTERM;          /* e.g. print $fh &sub */
+               else if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF)) {
+                   char tmpbuf[sizeof PL_tokenbuf];
+                   int t2;
+                   scan_word(s, tmpbuf, sizeof tmpbuf, TRUE, &len);
+                   if ((t2 = keyword(tmpbuf, len, 0))) {
+                       /* binary operators exclude handle interpretations */
+                       switch (t2) {
+                       case -KEY_x:
+                       case -KEY_eq:
+                       case -KEY_ne:
+                       case -KEY_gt:
+                       case -KEY_lt:
+                       case -KEY_ge:
+                       case -KEY_le:
+                       case -KEY_cmp:
+                           break;
+                       default:
+                           PL_expect = XTERM;  /* e.g. print $fh length() */
+                           break;
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       PL_expect = XTERM;      /* e.g. print $fh subr() */
                    }
                }
-               else {
-                   PL_expect = XTERM;          /* e.g. print $fh subr() */
-               }
+               else if (isDIGIT(*s))
+                   PL_expect = XTERM;          /* e.g. print $fh 3 */
+               else if (*s == '.' && isDIGIT(s[1]))
+                   PL_expect = XTERM;          /* e.g. print $fh .3 */
+               else if ((*s == '?' || *s == '-' || *s == '+')
+                        && !isSPACE(s[1]) && s[1] != '=')
+                   PL_expect = XTERM;          /* e.g. print $fh -1 */
+               else if (*s == '/' && !isSPACE(s[1]) && s[1] != '='
+                        && s[1] != '/')
+                   PL_expect = XTERM;          /* e.g. print $fh /.../
+                                                  XXX except DORDOR operator
+                                               */
+               else if (*s == '<' && s[1] == '<' && !isSPACE(s[2])
+                        && s[2] != '=')
+                   PL_expect = XTERM;          /* print $fh <<"EOF" */
            }
-           else if (isDIGIT(*s))
-               PL_expect = XTERM;              /* e.g. print $fh 3 */
-           else if (*s == '.' && isDIGIT(s[1]))
-               PL_expect = XTERM;              /* e.g. print $fh .3 */
-           else if ((*s == '?' || *s == '-' || *s == '+')
-                    && !isSPACE(s[1]) && s[1] != '=')
-               PL_expect = XTERM;              /* e.g. print $fh -1 */
-           else if (*s == '/' && !isSPACE(s[1]) && s[1] != '=' && s[1] != '/')
-               PL_expect = XTERM;              /* e.g. print $fh /.../
-                                                XXX except DORDOR operator */
-           else if (*s == '<' && s[1] == '<' && !isSPACE(s[2]) && s[2] != '=')
-               PL_expect = XTERM;              /* print $fh <<"EOF" */
        }
        PL_pending_ident = '$';
        TOKEN('$');
@@ -3752,23 +4845,24 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            PREREF('@');
        }
        if (PL_lex_state == LEX_NORMAL)
-           s = skipspace(s);
+           s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
        if ((PL_expect != XREF || PL_oldoldbufptr == PL_last_lop) && intuit_more(s)) {
            if (*s == '{')
                PL_tokenbuf[0] = '%';
 
            /* Warn about @ where they meant $. */
-           if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
-               if (*s == '[' || *s == '{') {
-                   char *t = s + 1;
+           if (*s == '[' || *s == '{') {
+               if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
+                   const char *t = s + 1;
                    while (*t && (isALNUM_lazy_if(t,UTF) || strchr(" \t$#+-'\"", *t)))
                        t++;
                    if (*t == '}' || *t == ']') {
                        t++;
-                       PL_bufptr = skipspace(PL_bufptr);
+                       PL_bufptr = PEEKSPACE(PL_bufptr); /* XXX can realloc */
                        Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
                            "Scalar value %.*s better written as $%.*s",
-                           t-PL_bufptr, PL_bufptr, t-PL_bufptr-1, PL_bufptr+1);
+                           (int)(t-PL_bufptr), PL_bufptr,
+                           (int)(t-PL_bufptr-1), PL_bufptr+1);
                    }
                }
            }
@@ -3783,7 +4877,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        }
      case '?':                 /* may either be conditional or pattern */
         if(PL_expect == XOPERATOR) {
-            tmp = *s++;
+            char tmp = *s++;
             if(tmp == '?') {
                  OPERATOR('?');
             }
@@ -3825,7 +4919,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            goto rightbracket;
        }
        if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR || !isDIGIT(s[1])) {
-           tmp = *s++;
+           char tmp = *s++;
            if (*s == tmp) {
                s++;
                if (*s == tmp) {
@@ -3844,49 +4938,45 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
     case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
     case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
        s = scan_num(s, &yylval);
-        DEBUG_T( { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                    "### Saw number in '%s'\n", s);
-        } );
+       DEBUG_T( { printbuf("### Saw number in %s\n", s); } );
        if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR)
            no_op("Number",s);
        TERM(THING);
 
     case '\'':
-       s = scan_str(s,FALSE,FALSE);
-        DEBUG_T( { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                    "### Saw string before '%s'\n", s);
-        } );
+       s = scan_str(s,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
+       DEBUG_T( { printbuf("### Saw string before %s\n", s); } );
        if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR) {
            if (PL_lex_formbrack && PL_lex_brackets == PL_lex_formbrack) {
                PL_expect = XTERM;
-               depcom();
+               deprecate_old(commaless_variable_list);
                return REPORT(','); /* grandfather non-comma-format format */
            }
            else
                no_op("String",s);
        }
        if (!s)
-           missingterm((char*)0);
+           missingterm(NULL);
        yylval.ival = OP_CONST;
        TERM(sublex_start());
 
     case '"':
-       s = scan_str(s,FALSE,FALSE);
-        DEBUG_T( { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                    "### Saw string before '%s'\n", s);
-        } );
+       s = scan_str(s,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
+       DEBUG_T( { printbuf("### Saw string before %s\n", s); } );
        if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR) {
            if (PL_lex_formbrack && PL_lex_brackets == PL_lex_formbrack) {
                PL_expect = XTERM;
-               depcom();
+               deprecate_old(commaless_variable_list);
                return REPORT(','); /* grandfather non-comma-format format */
            }
            else
                no_op("String",s);
        }
        if (!s)
-           missingterm((char*)0);
+           missingterm(NULL);
        yylval.ival = OP_CONST;
+       /* FIXME. I think that this can be const if char *d is replaced by
+          more localised variables.  */
        for (d = SvPV(PL_lex_stuff, len); len; len--, d++) {
            if (*d == '$' || *d == '@' || *d == '\\' || !UTF8_IS_INVARIANT((U8)*d)) {
                yylval.ival = OP_STRINGIFY;
@@ -3896,21 +4986,18 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        TERM(sublex_start());
 
     case '`':
-       s = scan_str(s,FALSE,FALSE);
-        DEBUG_T( { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                    "### Saw backtick string before '%s'\n", s);
-        } );
+       s = scan_str(s,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
+       DEBUG_T( { printbuf("### Saw backtick string before %s\n", s); } );
        if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR)
            no_op("Backticks",s);
        if (!s)
-           missingterm((char*)0);
-       yylval.ival = OP_BACKTICK;
-       set_csh();
+           missingterm(NULL);
+       readpipe_override();
        TERM(sublex_start());
 
     case '\\':
        s++;
-       if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX) && PL_lex_inwhat && isDIGIT(*s))
+       if (PL_lex_inwhat && isDIGIT(*s) && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
            Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),"Can't use \\%c to mean $%c in expression",
                        *s, *s);
        if (PL_expect == XOPERATOR)
@@ -3919,9 +5006,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
 
     case 'v':
        if (isDIGIT(s[1]) && PL_expect != XOPERATOR) {
-           char *start = s;
-           start++;
-           start++;
+           char *start = s + 2;
            while (isDIGIT(*start) || *start == '_')
                start++;
            if (*start == '.' && isDIGIT(start[1])) {
@@ -3932,10 +5017,11 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            else if (!isALPHA(*start) && (PL_expect == XTERM
                        || PL_expect == XREF || PL_expect == XSTATE
                        || PL_expect == XTERMORDORDOR)) {
-               char c = *start;
+               /* XXX Use gv_fetchpvn rather than stomping on a const string */
+               const char c = *start;
                GV *gv;
                *start = '\0';
-               gv = gv_fetchpv(s, FALSE, SVt_PVCV);
+               gv = gv_fetchpv(s, 0, SVt_PVCV);
                *start = c;
                if (!gv) {
                    s = scan_num(s, &yylval);
@@ -3980,9 +5066,11 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
     case 'z': case 'Z':
 
       keylookup: {
+       I32 tmp;
+
        orig_keyword = 0;
-       gv = Nullgv;
-       gvp = 0;
+       gv = NULL;
+       gvp = NULL;
 
        PL_bufptr = s;
        s = scan_word(s, PL_tokenbuf, sizeof PL_tokenbuf, FALSE, &len);
@@ -4011,7 +5099,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        }
 
        /* Check for keywords */
-       tmp = keyword(PL_tokenbuf, len);
+       tmp = keyword(PL_tokenbuf, len, 0);
 
        /* Is this a word before a => operator? */
        if (*d == '=' && d[1] == '>') {
@@ -4024,11 +5112,11 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        }
 
        if (tmp < 0) {                  /* second-class keyword? */
-           GV *ogv = Nullgv;   /* override (winner) */
-           GV *hgv = Nullgv;   /* hidden (loser) */
+           GV *ogv = NULL;     /* override (winner) */
+           GV *hgv = NULL;     /* hidden (loser) */
            if (PL_expect != XOPERATOR && (*s != ':' || s[1] != ':')) {
                CV *cv;
-               if ((gv = gv_fetchpv(PL_tokenbuf, FALSE, SVt_PVCV)) &&
+               if ((gv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(PL_tokenbuf, len, 0, SVt_PVCV)) &&
                    (cv = GvCVu(gv)))
                {
                    if (GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))
@@ -4051,30 +5139,20 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            else if (gv && !gvp
                     && -tmp==KEY_lock  /* XXX generalizable kludge */
                     && GvCVu(gv)
-                    && !hv_fetch(GvHVn(PL_incgv), "Thread.pm", 9, FALSE))
+                    && !hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), "Thread.pm", FALSE))
            {
                tmp = 0;                /* any sub overrides "weak" keyword */
            }
-           else if (gv && !gvp
-                   && tmp == -KEY_err
-                   && GvCVu(gv)
-                   && PL_expect != XOPERATOR
-                   && PL_expect != XTERMORDORDOR)
-           {
-               /* any sub overrides the "err" keyword, except when really an
-                * operator is expected */
-               tmp = 0;
-           }
            else {                      /* no override */
                tmp = -tmp;
                if (tmp == KEY_dump && ckWARN(WARN_MISC)) {
                    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
                            "dump() better written as CORE::dump()");
                }
-               gv = Nullgv;
+               gv = NULL;
                gvp = 0;
-               if (ckWARN(WARN_AMBIGUOUS) && hgv
-                   && tmp != KEY_x && tmp != KEY_CORE) /* never ambiguous */
+               if (hgv && tmp != KEY_x && tmp != KEY_CORE
+                       && ckWARN(WARN_AMBIGUOUS))      /* never ambiguous */
                    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_AMBIGUOUS),
                        "Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), %s",
                         GvENAME(hgv), "qualify as such or use &");
@@ -4085,10 +5163,25 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        switch (tmp) {
 
        default:                        /* not a keyword */
+           /* Trade off - by using this evil construction we can pull the
+              variable gv into the block labelled keylookup. If not, then
+              we have to give it function scope so that the goto from the
+              earlier ':' case doesn't bypass the initialisation.  */
+           if (0) {
+           just_a_word_zero_gv:
+               gv = NULL;
+               gvp = NULL;
+               orig_keyword = 0;
+           }
          just_a_word: {
                SV *sv;
                int pkgname = 0;
-               char lastchar = (PL_bufptr == PL_oldoldbufptr ? 0 : PL_bufptr[-1]);
+               const char lastchar = (PL_bufptr == PL_oldoldbufptr ? 0 : PL_bufptr[-1]);
+               CV *cv;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               SV *nextPL_nextwhite = 0;
+#endif
+
 
                /* Get the rest if it looks like a package qualifier */
 
@@ -4117,28 +5210,35 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                   unless name is "Foo::", in which case Foo is a bearword
                   (and a package name). */
 
-               if (len > 2 &&
+               if (len > 2 && !PL_madskills &&
                    PL_tokenbuf[len - 2] == ':' && PL_tokenbuf[len - 1] == ':')
                {
-                   if (ckWARN(WARN_BAREWORD) && ! gv_fetchpv(PL_tokenbuf, FALSE, SVt_PVHV))
+                   if (ckWARN(WARN_BAREWORD)
+                       && ! gv_fetchpvn_flags(PL_tokenbuf, len, 0, SVt_PVHV))
                        Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_BAREWORD),
                            "Bareword \"%s\" refers to nonexistent package",
                             PL_tokenbuf);
                    len -= 2;
                    PL_tokenbuf[len] = '\0';
-                   gv = Nullgv;
+                   gv = NULL;
                    gvp = 0;
                }
                else {
+                   if (!gv) {
+                       /* Mustn't actually add anything to a symbol table.
+                          But also don't want to "initialise" any placeholder
+                          constants that might already be there into full
+                          blown PVGVs with attached PVCV.  */
+                       gv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(PL_tokenbuf, len,
+                                              GV_NOADD_NOINIT, SVt_PVCV);
+                   }
                    len = 0;
-                   if (!gv)
-                       gv = gv_fetchpv(PL_tokenbuf, FALSE, SVt_PVCV);
                }
 
                /* if we saw a global override before, get the right name */
 
                if (gvp) {
-                   sv = newSVpvn("CORE::GLOBAL::",14);
+                   sv = newSVpvs("CORE::GLOBAL::");
                    sv_catpv(sv,PL_tokenbuf);
                }
                else {
@@ -4147,6 +5247,13 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                       and so the scalar will be created correctly.  */
                    sv = newSVpv(PL_tokenbuf,len);
                }
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               if (PL_madskills && !PL_thistoken) {
+                   char *start = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + PL_realtokenstart;
+                   PL_thistoken = newSVpv(start,s - start);
+                   PL_realtokenstart = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+               }
+#endif
 
                /* Presume this is going to be a bareword of some sort. */
 
@@ -4155,7 +5262,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                yylval.opval->op_private = OPpCONST_BARE;
                /* UTF-8 package name? */
                if (UTF && !IN_BYTES &&
-                   is_utf8_string((U8*)SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv)))
+                   is_utf8_string((U8*)SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv)))
                    SvUTF8_on(sv);
 
                /* And if "Foo::", then that's what it certainly is. */
@@ -4163,6 +5270,20 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                if (len)
                    goto safe_bareword;
 
+               /* Do the explicit type check so that we don't need to force
+                  the initialisation of the symbol table to have a real GV.
+                  Beware - gv may not really be a PVGV, cv may not really be
+                  a PVCV, (because of the space optimisations that gv_init
+                  understands) But they're true if for this symbol there is
+                  respectively a typeglob and a subroutine.
+               */
+               cv = gv ? ((SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
+                   /* Real typeglob, so get the real subroutine: */
+                          ? GvCVu(gv)
+                   /* A proxy for a subroutine in this package? */
+                          : SvOK(gv) ? (CV *) gv : NULL)
+                   : NULL;
+
                /* See if it's the indirect object for a list operator. */
 
                if (PL_oldoldbufptr &&
@@ -4176,20 +5297,29 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                    bool immediate_paren = *s == '(';
 
                    /* (Now we can afford to cross potential line boundary.) */
-                   s = skipspace(s);
+                   s = SKIPSPACE2(s,nextPL_nextwhite);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+                   PL_nextwhite = nextPL_nextwhite;    /* assume no & deception */
+#endif
 
                    /* Two barewords in a row may indicate method call. */
 
-                   if ((isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF) || *s == '$') && (tmp=intuit_method(s,gv)))
+                   if ((isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF) || *s == '$') &&
+                       (tmp = intuit_method(s, gv, cv)))
                        return REPORT(tmp);
 
                    /* If not a declared subroutine, it's an indirect object. */
                    /* (But it's an indir obj regardless for sort.) */
+                   /* Also, if "_" follows a filetest operator, it's a bareword */
 
-                   if ( !immediate_paren && (PL_last_lop_op == OP_SORT ||
-                         ((!gv || !GvCVu(gv)) &&
+                   if (
+                       ( !immediate_paren && (PL_last_lop_op == OP_SORT ||
+                         ((!gv || !cv) &&
                         (PL_last_lop_op != OP_MAPSTART &&
                         PL_last_lop_op != OP_GREPSTART))))
+                      || (PL_tokenbuf[0] == '_' && PL_tokenbuf[1] == '\0'
+                           && ((PL_opargs[PL_last_lop_op] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP))
+                      )
                    {
                        PL_expect = (PL_last_lop == PL_oldoldbufptr) ? XTERM : XOPERATOR;
                        goto bareword;
@@ -4197,7 +5327,13 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                }
 
                PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               if (isSPACE(*s))
+                   s = SKIPSPACE2(s,nextPL_nextwhite);
+               PL_nextwhite = nextPL_nextwhite;
+#else
                s = skipspace(s);
+#endif
 
                /* Is this a word before a => operator? */
                if (*s == '=' && s[1] == '>' && !pkgname) {
@@ -4211,15 +5347,41 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                /* If followed by a paren, it's certainly a subroutine. */
                if (*s == '(') {
                    CLINE;
-                   if (gv && GvCVu(gv)) {
-                       for (d = s + 1; SPACE_OR_TAB(*d); d++) ;
-                       if (*d == ')' && (sv = cv_const_sv(GvCV(gv)))) {
+                   if (cv) {
+                       d = s + 1;
+                       while (SPACE_OR_TAB(*d))
+                           d++;
+                       if (*d == ')' && (sv = gv_const_sv(gv))) {
                            s = d + 1;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+                           if (PL_madskills) {
+                               char *par = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + PL_realtokenstart; 
+                               sv_catpvn(PL_thistoken, par, s - par);
+                               if (PL_nextwhite) {
+                                   sv_free(PL_nextwhite);
+                                   PL_nextwhite = 0;
+                               }
+                           }
+#endif
                            goto its_constant;
                        }
                    }
-                   PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].opval = yylval.opval;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+                   if (PL_madskills) {
+                       PL_nextwhite = PL_thiswhite;
+                       PL_thiswhite = 0;
+                   }
+                   start_force(PL_curforce);
+#endif
+                   NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval = yylval.opval;
                    PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+                   if (PL_madskills) {
+                       PL_nextwhite = nextPL_nextwhite;
+                       curmad('X', PL_thistoken);
+                       PL_thistoken = newSVpvs("");
+                   }
+#endif
                    force_next(WORD);
                    yylval.ival = 0;
                    TOKEN('&');
@@ -4227,7 +5389,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
 
                /* If followed by var or block, call it a method (unless sub) */
 
-               if ((*s == '$' || *s == '{') && (!gv || !GvCVu(gv))) {
+               if ((*s == '$' || *s == '{') && (!gv || !cv)) {
                    PL_last_lop = PL_oldbufptr;
                    PL_last_lop_op = OP_METHOD;
                    PREBLOCK(METHOD);
@@ -4237,53 +5399,124 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
 
                if (!orig_keyword
                        && (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF) || *s == '$')
-                       && (tmp = intuit_method(s,gv)))
+                       && (tmp = intuit_method(s, gv, cv)))
                    return REPORT(tmp);
 
                /* Not a method, so call it a subroutine (if defined) */
 
-               if (gv && GvCVu(gv)) {
-                   CV* cv;
+               if (cv) {
                    if (lastchar == '-' && ckWARN_d(WARN_AMBIGUOUS))
                        Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_AMBIGUOUS),
                                "Ambiguous use of -%s resolved as -&%s()",
                                PL_tokenbuf, PL_tokenbuf);
                    /* Check for a constant sub */
-                   cv = GvCV(gv);
-                   if ((sv = cv_const_sv(cv))) {
+                   if ((sv = gv_const_sv(gv))) {
                  its_constant:
                        SvREFCNT_dec(((SVOP*)yylval.opval)->op_sv);
-                       ((SVOP*)yylval.opval)->op_sv = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
+                       ((SVOP*)yylval.opval)->op_sv = SvREFCNT_inc_simple(sv);
                        yylval.opval->op_private = 0;
                        TOKEN(WORD);
                    }
 
                    /* Resolve to GV now. */
+                   if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
+                       gv = gv_fetchpv(PL_tokenbuf, 0, SVt_PVCV);
+                       assert (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV);
+                       /* cv must have been some sort of placeholder, so
+                          now needs replacing with a real code reference.  */
+                       cv = GvCV(gv);
+                   }
+
                    op_free(yylval.opval);
                    yylval.opval = newCVREF(0, newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv));
                    yylval.opval->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_NOPAREN;
                    PL_last_lop = PL_oldbufptr;
                    PL_last_lop_op = OP_ENTERSUB;
                    /* Is there a prototype? */
-                   if (SvPOK(cv)) {
-                       STRLEN len;
-                       char *proto = SvPV((SV*)cv, len);
-                       if (!len)
+                   if (
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+                       cv &&
+#endif
+                       SvPOK(cv))
+                   {
+                       STRLEN protolen;
+                       const char *proto = SvPV_const((SV*)cv, protolen);
+                       if (!protolen)
                            TERM(FUNC0SUB);
-                       if (*proto == '$' && proto[1] == '\0')
+                       if ((*proto == '$' || *proto == '_') && proto[1] == '\0')
                            OPERATOR(UNIOPSUB);
                        while (*proto == ';')
                            proto++;
                        if (*proto == '&' && *s == '{') {
-                           sv_setpv(PL_subname, PL_curstash ?
-                                       "__ANON__" : "__ANON__::__ANON__");
+                           sv_setpv(PL_subname,
+                                    (const char *)
+                                    (PL_curstash ?
+                                     "__ANON__" : "__ANON__::__ANON__"));
                            PREBLOCK(LSTOPSUB);
                        }
                    }
-                   PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].opval = yylval.opval;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+                   {
+                       if (PL_madskills) {
+                           PL_nextwhite = PL_thiswhite;
+                           PL_thiswhite = 0;
+                       }
+                       start_force(PL_curforce);
+                       NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval = yylval.opval;
+                       PL_expect = XTERM;
+                       if (PL_madskills) {
+                           PL_nextwhite = nextPL_nextwhite;
+                           curmad('X', PL_thistoken);
+                           PL_thistoken = newSVpvs("");
+                       }
+                       force_next(WORD);
+                       TOKEN(NOAMP);
+                   }
+               }
+
+               /* Guess harder when madskills require "best effort". */
+               if (PL_madskills && (!gv || !GvCVu(gv))) {
+                   int probable_sub = 0;
+                   if (strchr("\"'`$@%0123456789!*+{[<", *s))
+                       probable_sub = 1;
+                   else if (isALPHA(*s)) {
+                       char tmpbuf[1024];
+                       STRLEN tmplen;
+                       d = s;
+                       d = scan_word(d, tmpbuf, sizeof tmpbuf, TRUE, &tmplen);
+                       if (!keyword(tmpbuf, tmplen, 0))
+                           probable_sub = 1;
+                       else {
+                           while (d < PL_bufend && isSPACE(*d))
+                               d++;
+                           if (*d == '=' && d[1] == '>')
+                               probable_sub = 1;
+                       }
+                   }
+                   if (probable_sub) {
+                       gv = gv_fetchpv(PL_tokenbuf, TRUE, SVt_PVCV);
+                       op_free(yylval.opval);
+                       yylval.opval = newCVREF(0, newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv));
+                       yylval.opval->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_NOPAREN;
+                       PL_last_lop = PL_oldbufptr;
+                       PL_last_lop_op = OP_ENTERSUB;
+                       PL_nextwhite = PL_thiswhite;
+                       PL_thiswhite = 0;
+                       start_force(PL_curforce);
+                       NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval = yylval.opval;
+                       PL_expect = XTERM;
+                       PL_nextwhite = nextPL_nextwhite;
+                       curmad('X', PL_thistoken);
+                       PL_thistoken = newSVpvs("");
+                       force_next(WORD);
+                       TOKEN(NOAMP);
+                   }
+#else
+                   NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval = yylval.opval;
                    PL_expect = XTERM;
                    force_next(WORD);
                    TOKEN(NOAMP);
+#endif
                }
 
                /* Call it a bare word */
@@ -4292,9 +5525,11 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                    yylval.opval->op_private |= OPpCONST_STRICT;
                else {
                bareword:
-                   if (ckWARN(WARN_RESERVED)) {
-                       if (lastchar != '-') {
-                           for (d = PL_tokenbuf; *d && isLOWER(*d); d++) ;
+                   if (lastchar != '-') {
+                       if (ckWARN(WARN_RESERVED)) {
+                           d = PL_tokenbuf;
+                           while (isLOWER(*d))
+                               d++;
                            if (!*d && !gv_stashpv(PL_tokenbuf,FALSE))
                                Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_RESERVED), PL_warn_reserved,
                                       PL_tokenbuf);
@@ -4328,27 +5563,26 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        case KEY___PACKAGE__:
            yylval.opval = (OP*)newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
                                        (PL_curstash
-                                        ? newSVpv(HvNAME(PL_curstash), 0)
+                                        ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(PL_curstash))
                                         : &PL_sv_undef));
            TERM(THING);
 
        case KEY___DATA__:
        case KEY___END__: {
            GV *gv;
-
-           /*SUPPRESS 560*/
            if (PL_rsfp && (!PL_in_eval || PL_tokenbuf[2] == 'D')) {
                const char *pname = "main";
                if (PL_tokenbuf[2] == 'D')
-                   pname = HvNAME(PL_curstash ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash);
-               gv = gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::DATA", pname), TRUE, SVt_PVIO);
+                   pname = HvNAME_get(PL_curstash ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash);
+               gv = gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::DATA", pname), GV_ADD,
+                               SVt_PVIO);
                GvMULTI_on(gv);
                if (!GvIO(gv))
                    GvIOp(gv) = newIO();
                IoIFP(GvIOp(gv)) = PL_rsfp;
 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
                {
-                   int fd = PerlIO_fileno(PL_rsfp);
+                   const int fd = PerlIO_fileno(PL_rsfp);
                    fcntl(fd,F_SETFD,fd >= 3);
                }
 #endif
@@ -4407,13 +5641,28 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                        PUTBACK;
                        PerlIO_apply_layers(aTHX_ PL_rsfp, NULL,
                                            Perl_form(aTHX_ ":encoding(%"SVf")",
-                                                     name));
+                                                     (void*)name));
                        FREETMPS;
                        LEAVE;
                    }
                }
 #endif
-               PL_rsfp = Nullfp;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               if (PL_madskills) {
+                   if (PL_realtokenstart >= 0) {
+                       char *tstart = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + PL_realtokenstart;
+                       if (!PL_endwhite)
+                           PL_endwhite = newSVpvs("");
+                       sv_catsv(PL_endwhite, PL_thiswhite);
+                       PL_thiswhite = 0;
+                       sv_catpvn(PL_endwhite, tstart, PL_bufend - tstart);
+                       PL_realtokenstart = -1;
+                   }
+                   while ((s = filter_gets(PL_endwhite, PL_rsfp,
+                                SvCUR(PL_endwhite))) != Nullch) ;
+               }
+#endif
+               PL_rsfp = NULL;
            }
            goto fake_eof;
        }
@@ -4421,6 +5670,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
        case KEY_DESTROY:
        case KEY_BEGIN:
+       case KEY_UNITCHECK:
        case KEY_CHECK:
        case KEY_INIT:
        case KEY_END:
@@ -4435,10 +5685,13 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                s += 2;
                d = s;
                s = scan_word(s, PL_tokenbuf, sizeof PL_tokenbuf, FALSE, &len);
-               if (!(tmp = keyword(PL_tokenbuf, len)))
+               if (!(tmp = keyword(PL_tokenbuf, len, 0)))
                    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "CORE::%s is not a keyword", PL_tokenbuf);
                if (tmp < 0)
                    tmp = -tmp;
+               else if (tmp == KEY_require || tmp == KEY_do)
+                   /* that's a way to remember we saw "CORE::" */
+                   orig_keyword = tmp;
                goto reserved_word;
            }
            goto just_a_word;
@@ -4467,14 +5720,35 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        case KEY_bless:
            LOP(OP_BLESS,XTERM);
 
+       case KEY_break:
+           FUN0(OP_BREAK);
+
        case KEY_chop:
            UNI(OP_CHOP);
 
        case KEY_continue:
+           /* When 'use switch' is in effect, continue has a dual
+              life as a control operator. */
+           {
+               if (!FEATURE_IS_ENABLED("switch"))
+                   PREBLOCK(CONTINUE);
+               else {
+                   /* We have to disambiguate the two senses of
+                     "continue". If the next token is a '{' then
+                     treat it as the start of a continue block;
+                     otherwise treat it as a control operator.
+                    */
+                   s = skipspace(s);
+                   if (*s == '{')
            PREBLOCK(CONTINUE);
+                   else
+                       FUN0(OP_CONTINUE);
+               }
+           }
 
        case KEY_chdir:
-           (void)gv_fetchpv("ENV",TRUE, SVt_PVHV);     /* may use HOME */
+           /* may use HOME */
+           (void)gv_fetchpvs("ENV", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVHV);
            UNI(OP_CHDIR);
 
        case KEY_close:
@@ -4516,12 +5790,21 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        case KEY_chroot:
            UNI(OP_CHROOT);
 
+       case KEY_default:
+           PREBLOCK(DEFAULT);
+
        case KEY_do:
-           s = skipspace(s);
+           s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
            if (*s == '{')
                PRETERMBLOCK(DO);
            if (*s != '\'')
                s = force_word(s,WORD,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE);
+           if (orig_keyword == KEY_do) {
+               orig_keyword = 0;
+               yylval.ival = 1;
+           }
+           else
+               yylval.ival = 0;
            OPERATOR(DO);
 
        case KEY_die:
@@ -4535,7 +5818,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            UNI(OP_DELETE);
 
        case KEY_dbmopen:
-           gv_fetchpv("AnyDBM_File::ISA", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVAV);
+           gv_fetchpvs("AnyDBM_File::ISA", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVAV);
            LOP(OP_DBMOPEN,XTERM);
 
        case KEY_dbmclose:
@@ -4559,10 +5842,12 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            UNI(OP_EXISTS);
        
        case KEY_exit:
+           if (PL_madskills)
+               UNI(OP_INT);
            UNI(OP_EXIT);
 
        case KEY_eval:
-           s = skipspace(s);
+           s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
            PL_expect = (*s == '{') ? XTERMBLOCK : XTERM;
            UNIBRACK(OP_ENTEREVAL);
 
@@ -4603,23 +5888,30 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        case KEY_for:
        case KEY_foreach:
            yylval.ival = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
-           s = skipspace(s);
+           s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
            if (PL_expect == XSTATE && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF)) {
                char *p = s;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               int soff = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr); /* for skipspace realloc */
+#endif
+
                if ((PL_bufend - p) >= 3 &&
                    strnEQ(p, "my", 2) && isSPACE(*(p + 2)))
                    p += 2;
                else if ((PL_bufend - p) >= 4 &&
                    strnEQ(p, "our", 3) && isSPACE(*(p + 3)))
                    p += 3;
-               p = skipspace(p);
+               p = PEEKSPACE(p);
                if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(p,UTF)) {
                    p = scan_ident(p, PL_bufend,
                        PL_tokenbuf, sizeof PL_tokenbuf, TRUE);
-                   p = skipspace(p);
+                   p = PEEKSPACE(p);
                }
                if (*p != '$')
                    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Missing $ on loop variable");
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               s = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + soff;
+#endif
            }
            OPERATOR(FOR);
 
@@ -4732,6 +6024,10 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        case KEY_getlogin:
            FUN0(OP_GETLOGIN);
 
+       case KEY_given:
+           yylval.ival = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
+           OPERATOR(GIVEN);
+
        case KEY_glob:
            set_csh();
            LOP(OP_GLOB,XTERM);
@@ -4826,9 +6122,13 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
 
        case KEY_our:
        case KEY_my:
+       case KEY_state:
            PL_in_my = tmp;
-           s = skipspace(s);
+           s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
            if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF)) {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               char* start = s;
+#endif
                s = scan_word(s, PL_tokenbuf, sizeof PL_tokenbuf, TRUE, &len);
                if (len == 3 && strnEQ(PL_tokenbuf, "sub", 3))
                    goto really_sub;
@@ -4836,9 +6136,16 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                if (!PL_in_my_stash) {
                    char tmpbuf[1024];
                    PL_bufptr = s;
-                   sprintf(tmpbuf, "No such class %.1000s", PL_tokenbuf);
+                   my_snprintf(tmpbuf, sizeof(tmpbuf), "No such class %.1000s", PL_tokenbuf);
                    yyerror(tmpbuf);
                }
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               if (PL_madskills) {     /* just add type to declarator token */
+                   sv_catsv(PL_thistoken, PL_nextwhite);
+                   PL_nextwhite = 0;
+                   sv_catpvn(PL_thistoken, start, s - start);
+               }
+#endif
            }
            yylval.ival = 1;
            OPERATOR(MY);
@@ -4851,32 +6158,31 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            Eop(OP_SNE);
 
        case KEY_no:
-           if (PL_expect != XSTATE)
-               yyerror("\"no\" not allowed in expression");
-           s = force_word(s,WORD,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE);
-           s = force_version(s, FALSE);
-           yylval.ival = 0;
+           s = tokenize_use(0, s);
            OPERATOR(USE);
 
        case KEY_not:
-           if (*s == '(' || (s = skipspace(s), *s == '('))
+           if (*s == '(' || (s = SKIPSPACE1(s), *s == '('))
                FUN1(OP_NOT);
            else
                OPERATOR(NOTOP);
 
        case KEY_open:
-           s = skipspace(s);
+           s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
            if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF)) {
-               char *t;
-               for (d = s; isALNUM_lazy_if(d,UTF); d++) ;
-               for (t=d; *t && isSPACE(*t); t++) ;
+               const char *t;
+               for (d = s; isALNUM_lazy_if(d,UTF);)
+                   d++;
+               for (t=d; isSPACE(*t);)
+                   t++;
                if ( *t && strchr("|&*+-=!?:.", *t) && ckWARN_d(WARN_PRECEDENCE)
                    /* [perl #16184] */
                    && !(t[0] == '=' && t[1] == '>')
                ) {
+                   int parms_len = (int)(d-s);
                    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PRECEDENCE),
                           "Precedence problem: open %.*s should be open(%.*s)",
-                           d - s, s, d - s, s);
+                           parms_len, s, parms_len, s);
                }
            }
            LOP(OP_OPEN,XTERM);
@@ -4925,9 +6231,9 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            LOP(OP_PIPE_OP,XTERM);
 
        case KEY_q:
-           s = scan_str(s,FALSE,FALSE);
+           s = scan_str(s,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
            if (!s)
-               missingterm((char*)0);
+               missingterm(NULL);
            yylval.ival = OP_CONST;
            TERM(sublex_start());
 
@@ -4935,19 +6241,21 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            UNI(OP_QUOTEMETA);
 
        case KEY_qw:
-           s = scan_str(s,FALSE,FALSE);
+           s = scan_str(s,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
            if (!s)
-               missingterm((char*)0);
+               missingterm(NULL);
+           PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
            force_next(')');
            if (SvCUR(PL_lex_stuff)) {
-               OP *words = Nullop;
+               OP *words = NULL;
                int warned = 0;
                d = SvPV_force(PL_lex_stuff, len);
                while (len) {
-                   SV *sv;
-                   for (; isSPACE(*d) && len; --len, ++d) ;
+                   for (; isSPACE(*d) && len; --len, ++d)
+                       /**/;
                    if (len) {
-                       char *b = d;
+                       SV *sv;
+                       const char *b = d;
                        if (!warned && ckWARN(WARN_QW)) {
                            for (; !isSPACE(*d) && len; --len, ++d) {
                                if (*d == ',') {
@@ -4963,7 +6271,8 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                            }
                        }
                        else {
-                           for (; !isSPACE(*d) && len; --len, ++d) ;
+                           for (; !isSPACE(*d) && len; --len, ++d)
+                               /**/;
                        }
                        sv = newSVpvn(b, d-b);
                        if (DO_UTF8(PL_lex_stuff))
@@ -4973,24 +6282,25 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                    }
                }
                if (words) {
-                   PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].opval = words;
+                   start_force(PL_curforce);
+                   NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval = words;
                    force_next(THING);
                }
            }
            if (PL_lex_stuff) {
                SvREFCNT_dec(PL_lex_stuff);
-               PL_lex_stuff = Nullsv;
+               PL_lex_stuff = NULL;
            }
            PL_expect = XTERM;
            TOKEN('(');
 
        case KEY_qq:
-           s = scan_str(s,FALSE,FALSE);
+           s = scan_str(s,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
            if (!s)
-               missingterm((char*)0);
+               missingterm(NULL);
            yylval.ival = OP_STRINGIFY;
            if (SvIVX(PL_lex_stuff) == '\'')
-               SvIVX(PL_lex_stuff) = 0;        /* qq'$foo' should intepolate */
+               SvIV_set(PL_lex_stuff, 0);      /* qq'$foo' should intepolate */
            TERM(sublex_start());
 
        case KEY_qr:
@@ -4998,18 +6308,17 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            TERM(sublex_start());
 
        case KEY_qx:
-           s = scan_str(s,FALSE,FALSE);
+           s = scan_str(s,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
            if (!s)
-               missingterm((char*)0);
-           yylval.ival = OP_BACKTICK;
-           set_csh();
+               missingterm(NULL);
+           readpipe_override();
            TERM(sublex_start());
 
        case KEY_return:
            OLDLOP(OP_RETURN);
 
        case KEY_require:
-           s = skipspace(s);
+           s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
            if (isDIGIT(*s)) {
                s = force_version(s, FALSE);
            }
@@ -5023,7 +6332,18 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                else if (*s == '<')
                    yyerror("<> should be quotes");
            }
-           UNI(OP_REQUIRE);
+           if (orig_keyword == KEY_require) {
+               orig_keyword = 0;
+               yylval.ival = 1;
+           }
+           else 
+               yylval.ival = 0;
+           PL_expect = XTERM;
+           PL_bufptr = s;
+           PL_last_uni = PL_oldbufptr;
+           PL_last_lop_op = OP_REQUIRE;
+           s = skipspace(s);
+           return REPORT( (int)REQUIRE );
 
        case KEY_reset:
            UNI(OP_RESET);
@@ -5080,6 +6400,10 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            else
                TOKEN(1);       /* force error */
 
+       case KEY_say:
+           checkcomma(s,PL_tokenbuf,"filehandle");
+           LOP(OP_SAY,XREF);
+
        case KEY_chomp:
            UNI(OP_CHOMP);
        
@@ -5166,7 +6490,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
 
        case KEY_sort:
            checkcomma(s,PL_tokenbuf,"subroutine name");
-           s = skipspace(s);
+           s = SKIPSPACE1(s);
            if (*s == ';' || *s == ')')         /* probably a close */
                Perl_croak(aTHX_ "sort is now a reserved word");
            PL_expect = XTERM;
@@ -5204,74 +6528,125 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                char tmpbuf[sizeof PL_tokenbuf];
                SSize_t tboffset = 0;
                expectation attrful;
-               bool have_name, have_proto, bad_proto;
-               int key = tmp;
+               bool have_name, have_proto;
+               const int key = tmp;
+
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               SV *tmpwhite = 0;
+
+               char *tstart = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + PL_realtokenstart;
+               SV *subtoken = newSVpvn(tstart, s - tstart);
+               PL_thistoken = 0;
 
+               d = s;
+               s = SKIPSPACE2(s,tmpwhite);
+#else
                s = skipspace(s);
+#endif
 
                if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF) || *s == '\'' ||
                    (*s == ':' && s[1] == ':'))
                {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+                   SV *nametoke;
+#endif
+
                    PL_expect = XBLOCK;
                    attrful = XATTRBLOCK;
                    /* remember buffer pos'n for later force_word */
                    tboffset = s - PL_oldbufptr;
                    d = scan_word(s, tmpbuf, sizeof tmpbuf, TRUE, &len);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+                   if (PL_madskills)
+                       nametoke = newSVpvn(s, d - s);
+#endif
                    if (strchr(tmpbuf, ':'))
                        sv_setpv(PL_subname, tmpbuf);
                    else {
                        sv_setsv(PL_subname,PL_curstname);
-                       sv_catpvn(PL_subname,"::",2);
+                       sv_catpvs(PL_subname,"::");
                        sv_catpvn(PL_subname,tmpbuf,len);
                    }
-                   s = skipspace(d);
                    have_name = TRUE;
+
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+
+                   start_force(0);
+                   CURMAD('X', nametoke);
+                   CURMAD('_', tmpwhite);
+                   (void) force_word(PL_oldbufptr + tboffset, WORD,
+                                     FALSE, TRUE, TRUE);
+
+                   s = SKIPSPACE2(d,tmpwhite);
+#else
+                   s = skipspace(d);
+#endif
                }
                else {
                    if (key == KEY_my)
                        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Missing name in \"my sub\"");
                    PL_expect = XTERMBLOCK;
                    attrful = XATTRTERM;
-                   sv_setpv(PL_subname,"?");
+                   sv_setpvn(PL_subname,"?",1);
                    have_name = FALSE;
                }
 
                if (key == KEY_format) {
                    if (*s == '=')
                        PL_lex_formbrack = PL_lex_brackets + 1;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+                   PL_thistoken = subtoken;
+                   s = d;
+#else
                    if (have_name)
                        (void) force_word(PL_oldbufptr + tboffset, WORD,
                                          FALSE, TRUE, TRUE);
+#endif
                    OPERATOR(FORMAT);
                }
 
                /* Look for a prototype */
                if (*s == '(') {
                    char *p;
+                   bool bad_proto = FALSE;
+                   const bool warnsyntax = ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX);
 
-                   s = scan_str(s,FALSE,FALSE);
+                   s = scan_str(s,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
                    if (!s)
                        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Prototype not terminated");
                    /* strip spaces and check for bad characters */
                    d = SvPVX(PL_lex_stuff);
                    tmp = 0;
-                   bad_proto = FALSE;
                    for (p = d; *p; ++p) {
                        if (!isSPACE(*p)) {
                            d[tmp++] = *p;
-                           if (!strchr("$@%*;[]&\\", *p))
+                           if (warnsyntax && !strchr("$@%*;[]&\\_", *p))
                                bad_proto = TRUE;
                        }
                    }
                    d[tmp] = '\0';
-                   if (bad_proto && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
+                   if (bad_proto)
                        Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
                                    "Illegal character in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
-                                   PL_subname, d);
-                   SvCUR(PL_lex_stuff) = tmp;
+                                   (void*)PL_subname, d);
+                   SvCUR_set(PL_lex_stuff, tmp);
                    have_proto = TRUE;
 
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+                   start_force(0);
+                   CURMAD('q', PL_thisopen);
+                   CURMAD('_', tmpwhite);
+                   CURMAD('=', PL_thisstuff);
+                   CURMAD('Q', PL_thisclose);
+                   NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval =
+                       (OP*)newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, PL_lex_stuff);
+                   PL_lex_stuff = Nullsv;
+                   force_next(THING);
+
+                   s = SKIPSPACE2(s,tmpwhite);
+#else
                    s = skipspace(s);
+#endif
                }
                else
                    have_proto = FALSE;
@@ -5282,22 +6657,37 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
                    if (!have_name)
                        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine");
                    else if (*s != ';')
-                       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Illegal declaration of subroutine %"SVf, PL_subname);
+                       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Illegal declaration of subroutine %"SVf, (void*)PL_subname);
+               }
+
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               start_force(0);
+               if (tmpwhite) {
+                   if (PL_madskills)
+                       curmad('^', newSVpvs(""));
+                   CURMAD('_', tmpwhite);
                }
+               force_next(0);
 
+               PL_thistoken = subtoken;
+#else
                if (have_proto) {
-                   PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].opval =
+                   NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval =
                        (OP*)newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, PL_lex_stuff);
-                   PL_lex_stuff = Nullsv;
+                   PL_lex_stuff = NULL;
                    force_next(THING);
                }
+#endif
                if (!have_name) {
                    sv_setpv(PL_subname,
-                       PL_curstash ? "__ANON__" : "__ANON__::__ANON__");
+                            (const char *)
+                            (PL_curstash ? "__ANON__" : "__ANON__::__ANON__"));
                    TOKEN(ANONSUB);
                }
+#ifndef PERL_MAD
                (void) force_word(PL_oldbufptr + tboffset, WORD,
                                  FALSE, TRUE, TRUE);
+#endif
                if (key == KEY_my)
                    TOKEN(MYSUB);
                TOKEN(SUB);
@@ -5386,25 +6776,7 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            LOP(OP_UNSHIFT,XTERM);
 
        case KEY_use:
-           if (PL_expect != XSTATE)
-               yyerror("\"use\" not allowed in expression");
-           s = skipspace(s);
-           if (isDIGIT(*s) || (*s == 'v' && isDIGIT(s[1]))) {
-               s = force_version(s, TRUE);
-               if (*s == ';' || (s = skipspace(s), *s == ';')) {
-                   PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].opval = Nullop;
-                   force_next(WORD);
-               }
-               else if (*s == 'v') {
-                   s = force_word(s,WORD,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE);
-                   s = force_version(s, FALSE);
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               s = force_word(s,WORD,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE);
-               s = force_version(s, FALSE);
-           }
-           yylval.ival = 1;
+           s = tokenize_use(1, s);
            OPERATOR(USE);
 
        case KEY_values:
@@ -5413,6 +6785,10 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
        case KEY_vec:
            LOP(OP_VEC,XTERM);
 
+       case KEY_when:
+           yylval.ival = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
+           OPERATOR(WHEN);
+
        case KEY_while:
            yylval.ival = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
            OPERATOR(WHILE);
@@ -5436,10 +6812,11 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
            char ctl_l[2];
            ctl_l[0] = toCTRL('L');
            ctl_l[1] = '\0';
-           gv_fetchpv(ctl_l,TRUE, SVt_PV);
+           gv_fetchpvn_flags(ctl_l, 1, GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV);
        }
 #else
-           gv_fetchpv("\f",TRUE, SVt_PV);      /* Make sure $^L is defined */
+           /* Make sure $^L is defined */
+           gv_fetchpvs("\f", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV);
 #endif
            UNI(OP_ENTERWRITE);
 
@@ -5466,14 +6843,16 @@ Perl_yylex(pTHX)
 static int
 S_pending_ident(pTHX)
 {
+    dVAR;
     register char *d;
-    register I32 tmp = 0;
+    PADOFFSET tmp = 0;
     /* pit holds the identifier we read and pending_ident is reset */
     char pit = PL_pending_ident;
     PL_pending_ident = 0;
 
+    /* PL_realtokenstart = realtokenend = PL_bufptr - SvPVX(PL_linestr); */
     DEBUG_T({ PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-          "### Tokener saw identifier '%s'\n", PL_tokenbuf); });
+          "### Pending identifier '%s'\n", PL_tokenbuf); });
 
     /* if we're in a my(), we can't allow dynamics here.
        $foo'bar has already been turned into $foo::bar, so
@@ -5491,7 +6870,8 @@ S_pending_ident(pTHX)
         }
         else {
             if (strchr(PL_tokenbuf,':'))
-                yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ PL_no_myglob,PL_tokenbuf));
+                yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ PL_no_myglob,
+                           PL_in_my == KEY_my ? "my" : "state", PL_tokenbuf));
 
             yylval.opval = newOP(OP_PADANY, 0);
             yylval.opval->op_targ = allocmy(PL_tokenbuf);
@@ -5516,10 +6896,12 @@ S_pending_ident(pTHX)
            tmp = pad_findmy(PL_tokenbuf);
         if (tmp != NOT_IN_PAD) {
             /* might be an "our" variable" */
-            if (PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS(tmp) & SVpad_OUR) {
+            if (PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(tmp)) {
                 /* build ops for a bareword */
-                SV *sym = newSVpv(HvNAME(PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH(tmp)), 0);
-                sv_catpvn(sym, "::", 2);
+               HV *  const stash = PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH(tmp);
+               HEK * const stashname = HvNAME_HEK(stash);
+               SV *  const sym = newSVhek(stashname);
+                sv_catpvs(sym, "::");
                 sv_catpv(sym, PL_tokenbuf+1);
                 yylval.opval = (OP*)newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sym);
                 yylval.opval->op_private = OPpCONST_ENTERED;
@@ -5563,7 +6945,7 @@ S_pending_ident(pTHX)
        table.
     */
     if (pit == '@' && PL_lex_state != LEX_NORMAL && !PL_lex_brackets) {
-        GV *gv = gv_fetchpv(PL_tokenbuf+1, FALSE, SVt_PVAV);
+        GV *gv = gv_fetchpv(PL_tokenbuf+1, 0, SVt_PVAV);
         if ((!gv || ((PL_tokenbuf[0] == '@') ? !GvAV(gv) : !GvHV(gv)))
              && ckWARN(WARN_AMBIGUOUS))
         {
@@ -5577,10 +6959,26 @@ S_pending_ident(pTHX)
     /* build ops for a bareword */
     yylval.opval = (OP*)newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(PL_tokenbuf+1, 0));
     yylval.opval->op_private = OPpCONST_ENTERED;
-    gv_fetchpv(PL_tokenbuf+1, PL_in_eval ? (GV_ADDMULTI | GV_ADDINEVAL) : TRUE,
-               ((PL_tokenbuf[0] == '$') ? SVt_PV
-                : (PL_tokenbuf[0] == '@') ? SVt_PVAV
-                : SVt_PVHV));
+    gv_fetchpv(
+           PL_tokenbuf+1,
+           /* If the identifier refers to a stash, don't autovivify it.
+            * Change 24660 had the side effect of causing symbol table
+            * hashes to always be defined, even if they were freshly
+            * created and the only reference in the entire program was
+            * the single statement with the defined %foo::bar:: test.
+            * It appears that all code in the wild doing this actually
+            * wants to know whether sub-packages have been loaded, so
+            * by avoiding auto-vivifying symbol tables, we ensure that
+            * defined %foo::bar:: continues to be false, and the existing
+            * tests still give the expected answers, even though what
+            * they're actually testing has now changed subtly.
+            */
+           (*PL_tokenbuf == '%' && *(d = PL_tokenbuf + strlen(PL_tokenbuf) - 1) == ':' && d[-1] == ':'
+            ? 0
+            : PL_in_eval ? (GV_ADDMULTI | GV_ADDINEVAL) : GV_ADD),
+           ((PL_tokenbuf[0] == '$') ? SVt_PV
+            : (PL_tokenbuf[0] == '@') ? SVt_PVAV
+            : SVt_PVHV));
     return WORD;
 }
 
@@ -5589,8 +6987,9 @@ S_pending_ident(pTHX)
  */
 
 I32
-Perl_keyword (pTHX_ char *name, I32 len)
+Perl_keyword (pTHX_ const char *name, I32 len, bool all_keywords)
 {
+    dVAR;
   switch (len)
   {
     case 1: /* 5 tokens of length 1 */
@@ -5771,7 +7170,7 @@ Perl_keyword (pTHX_ char *name, I32 len)
           goto unknown;
       }
 
-    case 3: /* 28 tokens of length 3 */
+    case 3: /* 29 tokens of length 3 */
       switch (name[0])
       {
         case 'E':
@@ -5860,7 +7259,7 @@ Perl_keyword (pTHX_ char *name, I32 len)
             case 'r':
               if (name[2] == 'r')
               {                                   /* err        */
-                return -KEY_err;
+                return (all_keywords || FEATURE_IS_ENABLED("err") ? -KEY_err : 0);
               }
 
               goto unknown;
@@ -5996,6 +7395,14 @@ Perl_keyword (pTHX_ char *name, I32 len)
         case 's':
           switch (name[1])
           {
+            case 'a':
+              if (name[2] == 'y')
+              {                                   /* say        */
+                return (all_keywords || FEATURE_IS_ENABLED("say") ? KEY_say : 0);
+              }
+
+              goto unknown;
+
             case 'i':
               if (name[2] == 'n')
               {                                   /* sin        */
@@ -6056,7 +7463,7 @@ Perl_keyword (pTHX_ char *name, I32 len)
           goto unknown;
       }
 
-    case 4: /* 40 tokens of length 4 */
+    case 4: /* 41 tokens of length 4 */
       switch (name[0])
       {
         case 'C':
@@ -6486,38 +7893,49 @@ Perl_keyword (pTHX_ char *name, I32 len)
           }
 
         case 'w':
-          if (name[1] == 'a')
+          switch (name[1])
           {
-            switch (name[2])
-            {
-              case 'i':
-                if (name[3] == 't')
-                {                                 /* wait       */
-                  return -KEY_wait;
-                }
+            case 'a':
+              switch (name[2])
+              {
+                case 'i':
+                  if (name[3] == 't')
+                  {                               /* wait       */
+                    return -KEY_wait;
+                  }
 
-                goto unknown;
+                  goto unknown;
 
-              case 'r':
-                if (name[3] == 'n')
-                {                                 /* warn       */
-                  return -KEY_warn;
-                }
+                case 'r':
+                  if (name[3] == 'n')
+                  {                               /* warn       */
+                    return -KEY_warn;
+                  }
 
-                goto unknown;
+                  goto unknown;
 
-              default:
-                goto unknown;
-            }
-          }
+                default:
+                  goto unknown;
+              }
 
-          goto unknown;
+            case 'h':
+              if (name[2] == 'e' &&
+                  name[3] == 'n')
+              {                                   /* when       */
+                return (all_keywords || FEATURE_IS_ENABLED("switch") ? KEY_when : 0);
+              }
+
+              goto unknown;
+
+            default:
+              goto unknown;
+          }
 
         default:
           goto unknown;
       }
 
-    case 5: /* 36 tokens of length 5 */
+    case 5: /* 39 tokens of length 5 */
       switch (name[0])
       {
         case 'B':
@@ -6570,15 +7988,31 @@ Perl_keyword (pTHX_ char *name, I32 len)
           }
 
         case 'b':
-          if (name[1] == 'l' &&
-              name[2] == 'e' &&
-              name[3] == 's' &&
-              name[4] == 's')
-          {                                       /* bless      */
-            return -KEY_bless;
-          }
+          switch (name[1])
+          {
+            case 'l':
+              if (name[2] == 'e' &&
+                  name[3] == 's' &&
+                  name[4] == 's')
+              {                                   /* bless      */
+                return -KEY_bless;
+              }
 
-          goto unknown;
+              goto unknown;
+
+            case 'r':
+              if (name[2] == 'e' &&
+                  name[3] == 'a' &&
+                  name[4] == 'k')
+              {                                   /* break      */
+                return (all_keywords || FEATURE_IS_ENABLED("switch") ? -KEY_break : 0);
+              }
+
+              goto unknown;
+
+            default:
+              goto unknown;
+          }
 
         case 'c':
           switch (name[1])
@@ -6693,6 +8127,17 @@ Perl_keyword (pTHX_ char *name, I32 len)
               goto unknown;
           }
 
+        case 'g':
+          if (name[1] == 'i' &&
+              name[2] == 'v' &&
+              name[3] == 'e' &&
+              name[4] == 'n')
+          {                                       /* given      */
+            return (all_keywords || FEATURE_IS_ENABLED("switch") ? KEY_given : 0);
+          }
+
+          goto unknown;
+
         case 'i':
           switch (name[1])
           {
@@ -6850,14 +8295,29 @@ Perl_keyword (pTHX_ char *name, I32 len)
               goto unknown;
 
             case 't':
-              if (name[2] == 'u' &&
-                  name[3] == 'd' &&
-                  name[4] == 'y')
-              {                                   /* study      */
-                return KEY_study;
-              }
+              switch (name[2])
+              {
+                case 'a':
+                  if (name[3] == 't' &&
+                      name[4] == 'e')
+                  {                               /* state      */
+                    return (all_keywords || FEATURE_IS_ENABLED("state") ? KEY_state : 0);
+                  }
 
-              goto unknown;
+                  goto unknown;
+
+                case 'u':
+                  if (name[3] == 'd' &&
+                      name[4] == 'y')
+                  {                               /* study      */
+                    return KEY_study;
+                  }
+
+                  goto unknown;
+
+                default:
+                  goto unknown;
+              }
 
             default:
               goto unknown;
@@ -7429,7 +8889,7 @@ Perl_keyword (pTHX_ char *name, I32 len)
           goto unknown;
       }
 
-    case 7: /* 28 tokens of length 7 */
+    case 7: /* 29 tokens of length 7 */
       switch (name[0])
       {
         case 'D':
@@ -7500,13 +8960,33 @@ Perl_keyword (pTHX_ char *name, I32 len)
               goto unknown;
 
             case 'e':
-              if (name[2] == 'f' &&
-                  name[3] == 'i' &&
-                  name[4] == 'n' &&
-                  name[5] == 'e' &&
-                  name[6] == 'd')
-              {                                   /* defined    */
-                return KEY_defined;
+              if (name[2] == 'f')
+              {
+                switch (name[3])
+                {
+                  case 'a':
+                    if (name[4] == 'u' &&
+                        name[5] == 'l' &&
+                        name[6] == 't')
+                    {                             /* default    */
+                      return (all_keywords || FEATURE_IS_ENABLED("switch") ? KEY_default : 0);
+                    }
+
+                    goto unknown;
+
+                  case 'i':
+                    if (name[4] == 'n' &&
+                        name[5] == 'e' &&
+                        name[6] == 'd')
+                    {                             /* defined    */
+                      return KEY_defined;
+                    }
+
+                    goto unknown;
+
+                  default:
+                    goto unknown;
+                }
               }
 
               goto unknown;
@@ -8243,9 +9723,24 @@ Perl_keyword (pTHX_ char *name, I32 len)
           goto unknown;
       }
 
-    case 9: /* 8 tokens of length 9 */
+    case 9: /* 9 tokens of length 9 */
       switch (name[0])
       {
+        case 'U':
+          if (name[1] == 'N' &&
+              name[2] == 'I' &&
+              name[3] == 'T' &&
+              name[4] == 'C' &&
+              name[5] == 'H' &&
+              name[6] == 'E' &&
+              name[7] == 'C' &&
+              name[8] == 'K')
+          {                                       /* UNITCHECK  */
+            return KEY_UNITCHECK;
+          }
+
+          goto unknown;
+
         case 'e':
           if (name[1] == 'n' &&
               name[2] == 'd' &&
@@ -8887,21 +10382,22 @@ unknown:
 }
 
 STATIC void
-S_checkcomma(pTHX_ register char *s, char *name, const char *what)
+S_checkcomma(pTHX_ const char *s, const char *name, const char *what)
 {
-    char *w;
+    dVAR;
 
     if (*s == ' ' && s[1] == '(') {    /* XXX gotta be a better way */
        if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
            int level = 1;
+           const char *w;
            for (w = s+2; *w && level; w++) {
                if (*w == '(')
                    ++level;
                else if (*w == ')')
                    --level;
            }
-           if (*w)
-               for (; *w && isSPACE(*w); w++) ;
+           while (isSPACE(*w))
+               ++w;
            if (!*w || !strchr(";|})]oaiuw!=", *w))     /* an advisory hack only... */
                Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
                            "%s (...) interpreted as function",name);
@@ -8914,17 +10410,18 @@ S_checkcomma(pTHX_ register char *s, char *name, const char *what)
     while (s < PL_bufend && isSPACE(*s))
        s++;
     if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s,UTF)) {
-       w = s++;
+       const char * const w = s++;
        while (isALNUM_lazy_if(s,UTF))
            s++;
        while (s < PL_bufend && isSPACE(*s))
            s++;
        if (*s == ',') {
-           int kw;
-           *s = '\0';
-           kw = keyword(w, s - w) || get_cv(w, FALSE) != 0;
-           *s = ',';
-           if (kw)
+           GV* gv;
+           if (keyword(w, s - w, 0))
+               return;
+
+           gv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(w, s - w, 0, SVt_PVCV);
+           if (gv && GvCVu(gv))
                return;
            Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No comma allowed after %s", what);
        }
@@ -8940,19 +10437,20 @@ STATIC SV *
 S_new_constant(pTHX_ const char *s, STRLEN len, const char *key, SV *sv, SV *pv,
               const char *type)
 {
-    dSP;
-    HV *table = GvHV(PL_hintgv);                /* ^H */
+    dVAR; dSP;
+    HV * const table = GvHV(PL_hintgv);                 /* ^H */
     SV *res;
     SV **cvp;
     SV *cv, *typesv;
-    const char *why1, *why2, *why3;
+    const char *why1 = "", *why2 = "", *why3 = "";
 
     if (!table || !(PL_hints & HINT_LOCALIZE_HH)) {
        SV *msg;
        
-       why2 = strEQ(key,"charnames")
-              ? "(possibly a missing \"use charnames ...\")"
-              : "";
+       why2 = (const char *)
+           (strEQ(key,"charnames")
+            ? "(possibly a missing \"use charnames ...\")"
+            : "");
        msg = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "Constant(%s) unknown: %s",
                            (type ? type: "undef"), why2);
 
@@ -8967,7 +10465,7 @@ S_new_constant(pTHX_ const char *s, STRLEN len, const char *key, SV *sv, SV *pv,
        msg = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "Constant(%s): %s%s%s",
                            (type ? type: "undef"), why1, why2, why3);
     msgdone:
-       yyerror(SvPVX(msg));
+       yyerror(SvPVX_const(msg));
        SvREFCNT_dec(msg);
        return sv;
     }
@@ -9005,15 +10503,14 @@ S_new_constant(pTHX_ const char *s, STRLEN len, const char *key, SV *sv, SV *pv,
 
     /* Check the eval first */
     if (!PL_in_eval && SvTRUE(ERRSV)) {
-       STRLEN n_a;
-       sv_catpv(ERRSV, "Propagated");
-       yyerror(SvPV(ERRSV, n_a)); /* Duplicates the message inside eval */
+       sv_catpvs(ERRSV, "Propagated");
+       yyerror(SvPV_nolen_const(ERRSV)); /* Duplicates the message inside eval */
        (void)POPs;
-       res = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
+       res = SvREFCNT_inc_simple(sv);
     }
     else {
        res = POPs;
-       (void)SvREFCNT_inc(res);
+       SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(res);
     }
 
     PUTBACK ;
@@ -9038,30 +10535,33 @@ S_new_constant(pTHX_ const char *s, STRLEN len, const char *key, SV *sv, SV *pv,
 STATIC char *
 S_scan_word(pTHX_ register char *s, char *dest, STRLEN destlen, int allow_package, STRLEN *slp)
 {
+    dVAR;
     register char *d = dest;
-    register char *e = d + destlen - 3;  /* two-character token, ending NUL */
+    register char * const e = d + destlen - 3;  /* two-character token, ending NUL */
     for (;;) {
        if (d >= e)
            Perl_croak(aTHX_ ident_too_long);
        if (isALNUM(*s))        /* UTF handled below */
            *d++ = *s++;
-       else if (*s == '\'' && allow_package && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s+1,UTF)) {
+       else if (allow_package && (*s == '\'') && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(s+1,UTF)) {
            *d++ = ':';
            *d++ = ':';
            s++;
        }
-       else if (*s == ':' && s[1] == ':' && allow_package && s[2] != '$') {
+       else if (allow_package && (s[0] == ':') && (s[1] == ':') && (s[2] != '$')) {
            *d++ = *s++;
            *d++ = *s++;
        }
        else if (UTF && UTF8_IS_START(*s) && isALNUM_utf8((U8*)s)) {
            char *t = s + UTF8SKIP(s);
+           size_t len;
            while (UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*t) && is_utf8_mark((U8*)t))
                t += UTF8SKIP(t);
-           if (d + (t - s) > e)
+           len = t - s;
+           if (d + len > e)
                Perl_croak(aTHX_ ident_too_long);
-           Copy(s, d, t - s, char);
-           d += t - s;
+           Copy(s, d, len, char);
+           d += len;
            s = t;
        }
        else {
@@ -9073,17 +10573,16 @@ S_scan_word(pTHX_ register char *s, char *dest, STRLEN destlen, int allow_packag
 }
 
 STATIC char *
-S_scan_ident(pTHX_ register char *s, register char *send, char *dest, STRLEN destlen, I32 ck_uni)
+S_scan_ident(pTHX_ register char *s, register const char *send, char *dest, STRLEN destlen, I32 ck_uni)
 {
-    register char *d;
-    register char *e;
-    char *bracket = 0;
+    dVAR;
+    char *bracket = NULL;
     char funny = *s++;
+    register char *d = dest;
+    register char * const e = d + destlen + 3;    /* two-character token, ending NUL */
 
     if (isSPACE(*s))
-       s = skipspace(s);
-    d = dest;
-    e = d + destlen - 3;       /* two-character token, ending NUL */
+       s = PEEKSPACE(s);
     if (isDIGIT(*s)) {
        while (isDIGIT(*s)) {
            if (d >= e)
@@ -9148,7 +10647,7 @@ S_scan_ident(pTHX_ register char *s, register char *send, char *dest, STRLEN des
     if (bracket) {
        if (isSPACE(s[-1])) {
            while (s < send) {
-               char ch = *s++;
+               const char ch = *s++;
                if (!SPACE_OR_TAB(ch)) {
                    *d = ch;
                    break;
@@ -9158,15 +10657,15 @@ S_scan_ident(pTHX_ register char *s, register char *send, char *dest, STRLEN des
        if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(d,UTF)) {
            d++;
            if (UTF) {
-               e = s;
-               while ((e < send && isALNUM_lazy_if(e,UTF)) || *e == ':') {
-                   e += UTF8SKIP(e);
-                   while (e < send && UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*e) && is_utf8_mark((U8*)e))
-                       e += UTF8SKIP(e);
+               char *end = s;
+               while ((end < send && isALNUM_lazy_if(end,UTF)) || *end == ':') {
+                   end += UTF8SKIP(end);
+                   while (end < send && UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*end) && is_utf8_mark((U8*)end))
+                       end += UTF8SKIP(end);
                }
-               Copy(s, d, e - s, char);
-               d += e - s;
-               s = e;
+               Copy(s, d, end - s, char);
+               d += end - s;
+               s = end;
            }
            else {
                while ((isALNUM(*s) || *s == ':') && d < e)
@@ -9175,10 +10674,13 @@ S_scan_ident(pTHX_ register char *s, register char *send, char *dest, STRLEN des
                    Perl_croak(aTHX_ ident_too_long);
            }
            *d = '\0';
-           while (s < send && SPACE_OR_TAB(*s)) s++;
+           while (s < send && SPACE_OR_TAB(*s))
+               s++;
            if ((*s == '[' || (*s == '{' && strNE(dest, "sub")))) {
-               if (ckWARN(WARN_AMBIGUOUS) && keyword(dest, d - dest)) {
-                   const char *brack = *s == '[' ? "[...]" : "{...}";
+               if (ckWARN(WARN_AMBIGUOUS) && keyword(dest, d - dest, 0)) {
+                   const char * const brack =
+                       (const char *)
+                       ((*s == '[') ? "[...]" : "{...}");
                    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_AMBIGUOUS),
                        "Ambiguous use of %c{%s%s} resolved to %c%s%s",
                        funny, dest, brack, funny, dest, brack);
@@ -9207,12 +10709,12 @@ S_scan_ident(pTHX_ register char *s, register char *send, char *dest, STRLEN des
                PL_lex_state = LEX_INTERPEND;
                PL_expect = XREF;
            }
-           if (funny == '#')
-               funny = '@';
            if (PL_lex_state == LEX_NORMAL) {
                if (ckWARN(WARN_AMBIGUOUS) &&
-                   (keyword(dest, d - dest) || get_cv(dest, FALSE)))
+                   (keyword(dest, d - dest, 0) || get_cv(dest, FALSE)))
                {
+                   if (funny == '#')
+                       funny = '@';
                    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_AMBIGUOUS),
                        "Ambiguous use of %c{%s} resolved to %c%s",
                        funny, dest, funny, dest);
@@ -9232,6 +10734,7 @@ S_scan_ident(pTHX_ register char *s, register char *send, char *dest, STRLEN des
 void
 Perl_pmflag(pTHX_ U32* pmfl, int ch)
 {
+    PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
     if (ch == 'i')
        *pmfl |= PMf_FOLD;
     else if (ch == 'g')
@@ -9251,29 +10754,44 @@ Perl_pmflag(pTHX_ U32* pmfl, int ch)
 STATIC char *
 S_scan_pat(pTHX_ char *start, I32 type)
 {
+    dVAR;
     PMOP *pm;
-    char *s;
+    char *s = scan_str(start,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
+    const char * const valid_flags =
+       (const char *)((type == OP_QR) ? "iomsx" : "iogcmsx");
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    char *modstart;
+#endif
 
-    s = scan_str(start,FALSE,FALSE);
-    if (!s)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Search pattern not terminated");
+
+    if (!s) {
+       const char * const delimiter = skipspace(start);
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_
+                  (const char *)
+                  (*delimiter == '?'
+                   ? "Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern"
+                   : "Search pattern not terminated" ));
+    }
 
     pm = (PMOP*)newPMOP(type, 0);
     if (PL_multi_open == '?')
        pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_ONCE;
-    if(type == OP_QR) {
-       while (*s && strchr("iomsx", *s))
-           pmflag(&pm->op_pmflags,*s++);
-    }
-    else {
-       while (*s && strchr("iogcmsx", *s))
-           pmflag(&pm->op_pmflags,*s++);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    modstart = s;
+#endif
+    while (*s && strchr(valid_flags, *s))
+       pmflag(&pm->op_pmflags,*s++);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_madskills && modstart != s) {
+       SV* tmptoken = newSVpvn(modstart, s - modstart);
+       append_madprops(newMADPROP('m', MAD_SV, tmptoken, 0), (OP*)pm, 0);
     }
+#endif
     /* issue a warning if /c is specified,but /g is not */
-    if (ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP) &&
-        (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_CONTINUE) && !(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL))
+    if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_CONTINUE) && !(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL)
+           && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP))
     {
-        Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REGEXP), c_without_g);
+        Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REGEXP), "Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g" );
     }
 
     pm->op_pmpermflags = pm->op_pmflags;
@@ -9286,33 +10804,56 @@ S_scan_pat(pTHX_ char *start, I32 type)
 STATIC char *
 S_scan_subst(pTHX_ char *start)
 {
+    dVAR;
     register char *s;
     register PMOP *pm;
     I32 first_start;
     I32 es = 0;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    char *modstart;
+#endif
 
     yylval.ival = OP_NULL;
 
-    s = scan_str(start,FALSE,FALSE);
+    s = scan_str(start,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
 
     if (!s)
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Substitution pattern not terminated");
 
     if (s[-1] == PL_multi_open)
        s--;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_madskills) {
+       CURMAD('q', PL_thisopen);
+       CURMAD('_', PL_thiswhite);
+       CURMAD('E', PL_thisstuff);
+       CURMAD('Q', PL_thisclose);
+       PL_realtokenstart = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+    }
+#endif
 
     first_start = PL_multi_start;
-    s = scan_str(s,FALSE,FALSE);
+    s = scan_str(s,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
     if (!s) {
        if (PL_lex_stuff) {
            SvREFCNT_dec(PL_lex_stuff);
-           PL_lex_stuff = Nullsv;
+           PL_lex_stuff = NULL;
        }
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Substitution replacement not terminated");
     }
     PL_multi_start = first_start;      /* so whole substitution is taken together */
 
     pm = (PMOP*)newPMOP(OP_SUBST, 0);
+
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_madskills) {
+       CURMAD('z', PL_thisopen);
+       CURMAD('R', PL_thisstuff);
+       CURMAD('Z', PL_thisclose);
+    }
+    modstart = s;
+#endif
+
     while (*s) {
        if (*s == 'e') {
            s++;
@@ -9324,24 +10865,32 @@ S_scan_subst(pTHX_ char *start)
            break;
     }
 
-    /* /c is not meaningful with s/// */
-    if (ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP) && (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_CONTINUE))
-    {
-        Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REGEXP), c_in_subst);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_madskills) {
+       if (modstart != s)
+           curmad('m', newSVpvn(modstart, s - modstart));
+       append_madprops(PL_thismad, (OP*)pm, 0);
+       PL_thismad = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+    if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_CONTINUE) && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP)) {
+        Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REGEXP), "Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///" );
     }
 
     if (es) {
-       SV *repl;
+       SV * const repl = newSVpvs("");
+
        PL_sublex_info.super_bufptr = s;
        PL_sublex_info.super_bufend = PL_bufend;
        PL_multi_end = 0;
        pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_EVAL;
-       repl = newSVpvn("",0);
        while (es-- > 0)
-           sv_catpv(repl, es ? "eval " : "do ");
-       sv_catpvn(repl, "{ ", 2);
+           sv_catpv(repl, (const char *)(es ? "eval " : "do "));
+       sv_catpvs(repl, "{");
        sv_catsv(repl, PL_lex_repl);
-       sv_catpvn(repl, " };", 2);
+       if (strchr(SvPVX(PL_lex_repl), '#'))
+           sv_catpvs(repl, "\n");
+       sv_catpvs(repl, "}");
        SvEVALED_on(repl);
        SvREFCNT_dec(PL_lex_repl);
        PL_lex_repl = repl;
@@ -9356,31 +10905,53 @@ S_scan_subst(pTHX_ char *start)
 STATIC char *
 S_scan_trans(pTHX_ char *start)
 {
+    dVAR;
     register char* s;
     OP *o;
     short *tbl;
     I32 squash;
     I32 del;
     I32 complement;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    char *modstart;
+#endif
 
     yylval.ival = OP_NULL;
 
-    s = scan_str(start,FALSE,FALSE);
+    s = scan_str(start,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
     if (!s)
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Transliteration pattern not terminated");
+
     if (s[-1] == PL_multi_open)
        s--;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_madskills) {
+       CURMAD('q', PL_thisopen);
+       CURMAD('_', PL_thiswhite);
+       CURMAD('E', PL_thisstuff);
+       CURMAD('Q', PL_thisclose);
+       PL_realtokenstart = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+    }
+#endif
 
-    s = scan_str(s,FALSE,FALSE);
+    s = scan_str(s,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
     if (!s) {
        if (PL_lex_stuff) {
            SvREFCNT_dec(PL_lex_stuff);
-           PL_lex_stuff = Nullsv;
+           PL_lex_stuff = NULL;
        }
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Transliteration replacement not terminated");
     }
+    if (PL_madskills) {
+       CURMAD('z', PL_thisopen);
+       CURMAD('R', PL_thisstuff);
+       CURMAD('Z', PL_thisclose);
+    }
 
     complement = del = squash = 0;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    modstart = s;
+#endif
     while (1) {
        switch (*s) {
        case 'c':
@@ -9399,7 +10970,7 @@ S_scan_trans(pTHX_ char *start)
     }
   no_more:
 
-    New(803, tbl, complement&&!del?258:256, short);
+    Newx(tbl, complement&&!del?258:256, short);
     o = newPVOP(OP_TRANS, 0, (char*)tbl);
     o->op_private &= ~OPpTRANS_ALL;
     o->op_private |= del|squash|complement|
@@ -9408,30 +10979,48 @@ S_scan_trans(pTHX_ char *start)
 
     PL_lex_op = o;
     yylval.ival = OP_TRANS;
+
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_madskills) {
+       if (modstart != s)
+           curmad('m', newSVpvn(modstart, s - modstart));
+       append_madprops(PL_thismad, o, 0);
+       PL_thismad = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
     return s;
 }
 
 STATIC char *
 S_scan_heredoc(pTHX_ register char *s)
 {
+    dVAR;
     SV *herewas;
     I32 op_type = OP_SCALAR;
     I32 len;
     SV *tmpstr;
     char term;
-    const char newline[] = "\n";
     const char *found_newline;
     register char *d;
     register char *e;
     char *peek;
-    int outer = (PL_rsfp && !(PL_lex_inwhat == OP_SCALAR));
+    const int outer = (PL_rsfp && !(PL_lex_inwhat == OP_SCALAR));
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    I32 stuffstart = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+    char *tstart;
+    PL_realtokenstart = -1;
+#endif
 
     s += 2;
     d = PL_tokenbuf;
     e = PL_tokenbuf + sizeof PL_tokenbuf - 1;
     if (!outer)
        *d++ = '\n';
-    for (peek = s; SPACE_OR_TAB(*peek); peek++) ;
+    peek = s;
+    while (SPACE_OR_TAB(*peek))
+       peek++;
     if (*peek == '`' || *peek == '\'' || *peek =='"') {
        s = peek;
        term = *s++;
@@ -9457,10 +11046,20 @@ S_scan_heredoc(pTHX_ register char *s)
     *d++ = '\n';
     *d = '\0';
     len = d - PL_tokenbuf;
+
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_madskills) {
+       tstart = PL_tokenbuf + !outer;
+       PL_thisclose = newSVpvn(tstart, len - !outer);
+       tstart = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + stuffstart;
+       PL_thisopen = newSVpvn(tstart, s - tstart);
+       stuffstart = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+    }
+#endif
 #ifndef PERL_STRICT_CR
     d = strchr(s, '\r');
     if (d) {
-       char *olds = s;
+       char * const olds = s;
        s = d;
        while (s < PL_bufend) {
            if (*s == '\r') {
@@ -9477,28 +11076,51 @@ S_scan_heredoc(pTHX_ register char *s)
        }
        *d = '\0';
        PL_bufend = d;
-       SvCUR_set(PL_linestr, PL_bufend - SvPVX(PL_linestr));
+       SvCUR_set(PL_linestr, PL_bufend - SvPVX_const(PL_linestr));
        s = olds;
     }
 #endif
-    if ( outer || !(found_newline = ninstr(s,PL_bufend,newline,newline+1)) ) {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    found_newline = 0;
+#endif
+    if ( outer || !(found_newline = (char*)memchr((void*)s, '\n', PL_bufend - s)) ) {
         herewas = newSVpvn(s,PL_bufend-s);
     }
     else {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+        herewas = newSVpvn(s-1,found_newline-s+1);
+#else
         s--;
         herewas = newSVpvn(s,found_newline-s);
+#endif
+    }
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_madskills) {
+       tstart = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + stuffstart;
+       if (PL_thisstuff)
+           sv_catpvn(PL_thisstuff, tstart, s - tstart);
+       else
+           PL_thisstuff = newSVpvn(tstart, s - tstart);
     }
+#endif
     s += SvCUR(herewas);
 
-    tmpstr = NEWSV(87,79);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    stuffstart = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+
+    if (found_newline)
+       s--;
+#endif
+
+    tmpstr = newSV(79);
     sv_upgrade(tmpstr, SVt_PVIV);
     if (term == '\'') {
        op_type = OP_CONST;
-       SvIVX(tmpstr) = -1;
+       SvIV_set(tmpstr, -1);
     }
     else if (term == '`') {
        op_type = OP_BACKTICK;
-       SvIVX(tmpstr) = '\\';
+       SvIV_set(tmpstr, '\\');
     }
 
     CLINE;
@@ -9506,9 +11128,9 @@ S_scan_heredoc(pTHX_ register char *s)
     PL_multi_open = PL_multi_close = '<';
     term = *PL_tokenbuf;
     if (PL_lex_inwhat == OP_SUBST && PL_in_eval && !PL_rsfp) {
-       char *bufptr = PL_sublex_info.super_bufptr;
-       char *bufend = PL_sublex_info.super_bufend;
-       char *olds = s - SvCUR(herewas);
+       char * const bufptr = PL_sublex_info.super_bufptr;
+       char * const bufend = PL_sublex_info.super_bufend;
+       char * const olds = s - SvCUR(herewas);
        s = strchr(bufptr, '\n');
        if (!s)
            s = bufend;
@@ -9526,7 +11148,7 @@ S_scan_heredoc(pTHX_ register char *s)
        sv_setpvn(tmpstr,d+1,s-d);
        s += len - 1;
        sv_catpvn(herewas,s,bufend-s);
-       Copy(SvPVX(herewas),bufptr,SvCUR(herewas) + 1,char);
+       Copy(SvPVX_const(herewas),bufptr,SvCUR(herewas) + 1,char);
 
        s = olds;
        goto retval;
@@ -9543,6 +11165,15 @@ S_scan_heredoc(pTHX_ register char *s)
            missingterm(PL_tokenbuf);
        }
        sv_setpvn(tmpstr,d+1,s-d);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       if (PL_madskills) {
+           if (PL_thisstuff)
+               sv_catpvn(PL_thisstuff, d + 1, s - d);
+           else
+               PL_thisstuff = newSVpvn(d + 1, s - d);
+           stuffstart = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+       }
+#endif
        s += len - 1;
        CopLINE_inc(PL_curcop); /* the preceding stmt passes a newline */
 
@@ -9550,19 +11181,31 @@ S_scan_heredoc(pTHX_ register char *s)
        sv_setsv(PL_linestr,herewas);
        PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr = PL_bufptr = s = PL_linestart = SvPVX(PL_linestr);
        PL_bufend = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + SvCUR(PL_linestr);
-       PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
+       PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
     }
     else
        sv_setpvn(tmpstr,"",0);   /* avoid "uninitialized" warning */
     while (s >= PL_bufend) {   /* multiple line string? */
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       if (PL_madskills) {
+           tstart = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + stuffstart;
+           if (PL_thisstuff)
+               sv_catpvn(PL_thisstuff, tstart, PL_bufend - tstart);
+           else
+               PL_thisstuff = newSVpvn(tstart, PL_bufend - tstart);
+       }
+#endif
        if (!outer ||
         !(PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr = s = PL_linestart = filter_gets(PL_linestr, PL_rsfp, 0))) {
            CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_multi_start);
            missingterm(PL_tokenbuf);
        }
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       stuffstart = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+#endif
        CopLINE_inc(PL_curcop);
        PL_bufend = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + SvCUR(PL_linestr);
-       PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
+       PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
 #ifndef PERL_STRICT_CR
        if (PL_bufend - PL_linestart >= 2) {
            if ((PL_bufend[-2] == '\r' && PL_bufend[-1] == '\n') ||
@@ -9570,7 +11213,7 @@ S_scan_heredoc(pTHX_ register char *s)
            {
                PL_bufend[-2] = '\n';
                PL_bufend--;
-               SvCUR_set(PL_linestr, PL_bufend - SvPVX(PL_linestr));
+               SvCUR_set(PL_linestr, PL_bufend - SvPVX_const(PL_linestr));
            }
            else if (PL_bufend[-1] == '\r')
                PL_bufend[-1] = '\n';
@@ -9578,17 +11221,10 @@ S_scan_heredoc(pTHX_ register char *s)
        else if (PL_bufend - PL_linestart == 1 && PL_bufend[-1] == '\r')
            PL_bufend[-1] = '\n';
 #endif
-       if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
-           SV *sv = NEWSV(88,0);
-
-           sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVMG);
-           sv_setsv(sv,PL_linestr);
-            (void)SvIOK_on(sv);
-            SvIVX(sv) = 0;
-           av_store(CopFILEAV(PL_curcop), (I32)CopLINE(PL_curcop),sv);
-       }
+       if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
+           update_debugger_info_sv(PL_linestr);
        if (*s == term && memEQ(s,PL_tokenbuf,len)) {
-           STRLEN off = PL_bufend - 1 - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+           STRLEN off = PL_bufend - 1 - SvPVX_const(PL_linestr);
            *(SvPVX(PL_linestr) + off ) = ' ';
            sv_catsv(PL_linestr,herewas);
            PL_bufend = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + SvCUR(PL_linestr);
@@ -9603,12 +11239,11 @@ S_scan_heredoc(pTHX_ register char *s)
 retval:
     PL_multi_end = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
     if (SvCUR(tmpstr) + 5 < SvLEN(tmpstr)) {
-       SvLEN_set(tmpstr, SvCUR(tmpstr) + 1);
-       Renew(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvLEN(tmpstr), char);
+       SvPV_shrink_to_cur(tmpstr);
     }
     SvREFCNT_dec(herewas);
     if (!IN_BYTES) {
-       if (UTF && is_utf8_string((U8*)SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr)))
+       if (UTF && is_utf8_string((U8*)SvPVX_const(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr)))
            SvUTF8_on(tmpstr);
        else if (PL_encoding)
            sv_recode_to_utf8(tmpstr, PL_encoding);
@@ -9637,14 +11272,14 @@ retval:
 STATIC char *
 S_scan_inputsymbol(pTHX_ char *start)
 {
+    dVAR;
     register char *s = start;          /* current position in buffer */
-    register char *d;
-    register char *e;
     char *end;
     I32 len;
 
-    d = PL_tokenbuf;                   /* start of temp holding space */
-    e = PL_tokenbuf + sizeof PL_tokenbuf;      /* end of temp holding space */
+    char *d = PL_tokenbuf;                                     /* start of temp holding space */
+    const char * const e = PL_tokenbuf + sizeof PL_tokenbuf;   /* end of temp holding space */
+
     end = strchr(s, '\n');
     if (!end)
        end = PL_bufend;
@@ -9654,7 +11289,7 @@ S_scan_inputsymbol(pTHX_ char *start)
        or if it didn't end, or if we see a newline
     */
 
-    if (len >= sizeof PL_tokenbuf)
+    if (len >= (I32)sizeof PL_tokenbuf)
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Excessively long <> operator");
     if (s >= end)
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unterminated <> operator");
@@ -9683,14 +11318,14 @@ S_scan_inputsymbol(pTHX_ char *start)
     if (d - PL_tokenbuf != len) {
        yylval.ival = OP_GLOB;
        set_csh();
-       s = scan_str(start,FALSE,FALSE);
+       s = scan_str(start,!!PL_madskills,FALSE);
        if (!s)
           Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Glob not terminated");
        return s;
     }
     else {
        bool readline_overriden = FALSE;
-       GV *gv_readline = Nullgv;
+       GV *gv_readline;
        GV **gvp;
        /* we're in a filehandle read situation */
        d = PL_tokenbuf;
@@ -9700,10 +11335,11 @@ S_scan_inputsymbol(pTHX_ char *start)
            Copy("ARGV",d,5,char);
 
        /* Check whether readline() is overriden */
-       if (((gv_readline = gv_fetchpv("readline", FALSE, SVt_PVCV))
+       gv_readline = gv_fetchpvs("readline", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
+       if ((gv_readline
                && GvCVu(gv_readline) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv_readline))
                ||
-               ((gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, "readline", 8, FALSE))
+               ((gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "readline", FALSE))
                && (gv_readline = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef
                && GvCVu(gv_readline) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv_readline)))
            readline_overriden = TRUE;
@@ -9712,22 +11348,22 @@ S_scan_inputsymbol(pTHX_ char *start)
           filehandle
        */
        if (*d == '$') {
-           I32 tmp;
-
            /* try to find it in the pad for this block, otherwise find
               add symbol table ops
            */
-           if ((tmp = pad_findmy(d)) != NOT_IN_PAD) {
-               if (PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS(tmp) & SVpad_OUR) {
-                   SV *sym = sv_2mortal(
-                           newSVpv(HvNAME(PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH(tmp)),0));
-                   sv_catpvn(sym, "::", 2);
+           const PADOFFSET tmp = pad_findmy(d);
+           if (tmp != NOT_IN_PAD) {
+               if (PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(tmp)) {
+                   HV * const stash = PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH(tmp);
+                   HEK * const stashname = HvNAME_HEK(stash);
+                   SV * const sym = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(stashname));
+                   sv_catpvs(sym, "::");
                    sv_catpv(sym, d+1);
                    d = SvPVX(sym);
                    goto intro_sym;
                }
                else {
-                   OP *o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
+                   OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
                    o->op_targ = tmp;
                    PL_lex_op = readline_overriden
                        ? (OP*)newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
@@ -9763,7 +11399,7 @@ intro_sym:
        /* If it's none of the above, it must be a literal filehandle
           (<Foo::BAR> or <FOO>) so build a simple readline OP */
        else {
-           GV *gv = gv_fetchpv(d,TRUE, SVt_PVIO);
+           GV * const gv = gv_fetchpv(d, GV_ADD, SVt_PVIO);
            PL_lex_op = readline_overriden
                ? (OP*)newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
                        append_elem(OP_LIST,
@@ -9824,8 +11460,9 @@ intro_sym:
 STATIC char *
 S_scan_str(pTHX_ char *start, int keep_quoted, int keep_delims)
 {
+    dVAR;
     SV *sv;                            /* scalar value: string */
-    char *tmps;                                /* temp string, used for delimiter matching */
+    const char *tmps;                  /* temp string, used for delimiter matching */
     register char *s = start;          /* current position in the buffer */
     register char term;                        /* terminating character */
     register char *to;                 /* current position in the sv's data */
@@ -9834,12 +11471,25 @@ S_scan_str(pTHX_ char *start, int keep_quoted, int keep_delims)
     I32 termcode;                      /* terminating char. code */
     U8 termstr[UTF8_MAXBYTES];         /* terminating string */
     STRLEN termlen;                    /* length of terminating string */
-    char *last = NULL;                 /* last position for nesting bracket */
+    int last_off = 0;                  /* last position for nesting bracket */
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    int stuffstart;
+    char *tstart;
+#endif
 
     /* skip space before the delimiter */
-    if (isSPACE(*s))
-       s = skipspace(s);
+    if (isSPACE(*s)) {
+       s = PEEKSPACE(s);
+    }
 
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_realtokenstart >= 0) {
+       stuffstart = PL_realtokenstart;
+       PL_realtokenstart = -1;
+    }
+    else
+       stuffstart = start - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+#endif
     /* mark where we are, in case we need to report errors */
     CLINE;
 
@@ -9866,27 +11516,34 @@ S_scan_str(pTHX_ char *start, int keep_quoted, int keep_delims)
 
     PL_multi_close = term;
 
-    /* create a new SV to hold the contents.  87 is leak category, I'm
-       assuming.  79 is the SV's initial length.  What a random number. */
-    sv = NEWSV(87,79);
+    /* create a new SV to hold the contents.  79 is the SV's initial length.
+       What a random number. */
+    sv = newSV(79);
     sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
-    SvIVX(sv) = termcode;
+    SvIV_set(sv, termcode);
     (void)SvPOK_only(sv);              /* validate pointer */
 
     /* move past delimiter and try to read a complete string */
     if (keep_delims)
        sv_catpvn(sv, s, termlen);
     s += termlen;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    tstart = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + stuffstart;
+    if (!PL_thisopen && !keep_delims) {
+       PL_thisopen = newSVpvn(tstart, s - tstart);
+       stuffstart = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+    }
+#endif
     for (;;) {
        if (PL_encoding && !UTF) {
            bool cont = TRUE;
 
            while (cont) {
-               int offset = s - SvPVX(PL_linestr);
-               bool found = sv_cat_decode(sv, PL_encoding, PL_linestr,
+               int offset = s - SvPVX_const(PL_linestr);
+               const bool found = sv_cat_decode(sv, PL_encoding, PL_linestr,
                                           &offset, (char*)termstr, termlen);
-               char *ns = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + offset;
-               char *svlast = SvEND(sv) - 1;
+               const char * const ns = SvPVX_const(PL_linestr) + offset;
+               char * const svlast = SvEND(sv) - 1;
 
                for (; s < ns; s++) {
                    if (*s == '\n' && !PL_rsfp)
@@ -9897,8 +11554,8 @@ S_scan_str(pTHX_ char *start, int keep_quoted, int keep_delims)
                else {
                    /* handle quoted delimiters */
                    if (SvCUR(sv) > 1 && *(svlast-1) == '\\') {
-                       char *t;
-                       for (t = svlast-2; t >= SvPVX(sv) && *t == '\\';)
+                       const char *t;
+                       for (t = svlast-2; t >= SvPVX_const(sv) && *t == '\\';)
                            t--;
                        if ((svlast-1 - t) % 2) {
                            if (!keep_quoted) {
@@ -9913,10 +11570,9 @@ S_scan_str(pTHX_ char *start, int keep_quoted, int keep_delims)
                        cont = FALSE;
                    }
                    else {
-                       char *t, *w;
-                       if (!last)
-                           last = SvPVX(sv);
-                       for (w = t = last; t < svlast; w++, t++) {
+                       const char *t;
+                       char *w;
+                       for (t = w = SvPVX(sv)+last_off; t < svlast; w++, t++) {
                            /* At here, all closes are "was quoted" one,
                               so we don't check PL_multi_close. */
                            if (*t == '\\') {
@@ -9933,9 +11589,9 @@ S_scan_str(pTHX_ char *start, int keep_quoted, int keep_delims)
                        if (w < t) {
                            *w++ = term;
                            *w = '\0';
-                           SvCUR_set(sv, w - SvPVX(sv));
+                           SvCUR_set(sv, w - SvPVX_const(sv));
                        }
-                       last = w;
+                       last_off = w - SvPVX(sv);
                        if (--brackets <= 0)
                            cont = FALSE;
                    }
@@ -10011,7 +11667,7 @@ S_scan_str(pTHX_ char *start, int keep_quoted, int keep_delims)
        }
        /* terminate the copied string and update the sv's end-of-string */
        *to = '\0';
-       SvCUR_set(sv, to - SvPVX(sv));
+       SvCUR_set(sv, to - SvPVX_const(sv));
 
        /*
         * this next chunk reads more into the buffer if we're not done yet
@@ -10021,18 +11677,18 @@ S_scan_str(pTHX_ char *start, int keep_quoted, int keep_delims)
            break;              /* handle case where we are done yet :-) */
 
 #ifndef PERL_STRICT_CR
-       if (to - SvPVX(sv) >= 2) {
+       if (to - SvPVX_const(sv) >= 2) {
            if ((to[-2] == '\r' && to[-1] == '\n') ||
                (to[-2] == '\n' && to[-1] == '\r'))
            {
                to[-2] = '\n';
                to--;
-               SvCUR_set(sv, to - SvPVX(sv));
+               SvCUR_set(sv, to - SvPVX_const(sv));
            }
            else if (to[-1] == '\r')
                to[-1] = '\n';
        }
-       else if (to - SvPVX(sv) == 1 && to[-1] == '\r')
+       else if (to - SvPVX_const(sv) == 1 && to[-1] == '\r')
            to[-1] = '\n';
 #endif
        
@@ -10040,38 +11696,70 @@ S_scan_str(pTHX_ char *start, int keep_quoted, int keep_delims)
        /* if we're out of file, or a read fails, bail and reset the current
           line marker so we can report where the unterminated string began
        */
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       if (PL_madskills) {
+           char * const tstart = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + stuffstart;
+           if (PL_thisstuff)
+               sv_catpvn(PL_thisstuff, tstart, PL_bufend - tstart);
+           else
+               PL_thisstuff = newSVpvn(tstart, PL_bufend - tstart);
+       }
+#endif
        if (!PL_rsfp ||
         !(PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr = s = PL_linestart = filter_gets(PL_linestr, PL_rsfp, 0))) {
            sv_free(sv);
            CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_multi_start);
-           return Nullch;
+           return NULL;
        }
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       stuffstart = 0;
+#endif
        /* we read a line, so increment our line counter */
        CopLINE_inc(PL_curcop);
 
        /* update debugger info */
-       if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
-           SV *sv = NEWSV(88,0);
-
-           sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVMG);
-           sv_setsv(sv,PL_linestr);
-            (void)SvIOK_on(sv);
-            SvIVX(sv) = 0;
-           av_store(CopFILEAV(PL_curcop), (I32)CopLINE(PL_curcop), sv);
-       }
+       if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
+           update_debugger_info_sv(PL_linestr);
 
        /* having changed the buffer, we must update PL_bufend */
        PL_bufend = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + SvCUR(PL_linestr);
-       PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
+       PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
     }
 
     /* at this point, we have successfully read the delimited string */
 
     if (!PL_encoding || UTF) {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+       if (PL_madskills) {
+           char * const tstart = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + stuffstart;
+           const int len = s - tstart;
+           if (PL_thisstuff)
+               sv_catpvn(PL_thisstuff, tstart, len);
+           else
+               PL_thisstuff = newSVpvn(tstart, len);
+           if (!PL_thisclose && !keep_delims)
+               PL_thisclose = newSVpvn(s,termlen);
+       }
+#endif
+
        if (keep_delims)
            sv_catpvn(sv, s, termlen);
        s += termlen;
     }
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    else {
+       if (PL_madskills) {
+           char * const tstart = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + stuffstart;
+           const int len = s - tstart - termlen;
+           if (PL_thisstuff)
+               sv_catpvn(PL_thisstuff, tstart, len);
+           else
+               PL_thisstuff = newSVpvn(tstart, len);
+           if (!PL_thisclose && !keep_delims)
+               PL_thisclose = newSVpvn(s - termlen,termlen);
+       }
+    }
+#endif
     if (has_utf8 || PL_encoding)
        SvUTF8_on(sv);
 
@@ -10080,7 +11768,7 @@ S_scan_str(pTHX_ char *start, int keep_quoted, int keep_delims)
     /* if we allocated too much space, give some back */
     if (SvCUR(sv) + 5 < SvLEN(sv)) {
        SvLEN_set(sv, SvCUR(sv) + 1);
-       Renew(SvPVX(sv), SvLEN(sv), char);
+       SvPV_renew(sv, SvLEN(sv));
     }
 
     /* decide whether this is the first or second quoted string we've read
@@ -10119,13 +11807,14 @@ S_scan_str(pTHX_ char *start, int keep_quoted, int keep_delims)
 char *
 Perl_scan_num(pTHX_ const char *start, YYSTYPE* lvalp)
 {
+    dVAR;
     register const char *s = start;    /* current position in buffer */
     register char *d;                  /* destination in temp buffer */
     register char *e;                  /* end of temp buffer */
     NV nv;                             /* number read, as a double */
-    SV *sv = Nullsv;                   /* place to put the converted number */
+    SV *sv = NULL;                     /* place to put the converted number */
     bool floatit;                      /* boolean: int or float? */
-    const char *lastub = 0;            /* position of last underbar */
+    const char *lastub = NULL;         /* position of last underbar */
     static char const number_too_long[] = "Number too long";
 
     /* We use the first character to decide what type of number this is */
@@ -10153,16 +11842,17 @@ Perl_scan_num(pTHX_ const char *start, YYSTYPE* lvalp)
            I32 shift;
            bool overflowed = FALSE;
            bool just_zero  = TRUE;     /* just plain 0 or binary number? */
-           static NV nvshift[5] = { 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0 };
-           static char const* bases[5] = { "", "binary", "", "octal",
-                                     "hexadecimal" };
-           static char const* Bases[5] = { "", "Binary", "", "Octal",
-                                     "Hexadecimal" };
-           static char const *maxima[5] = { "",
-                                      "0b11111111111111111111111111111111",
-                                      "",
-                                      "037777777777",
-                                      "0xffffffff" };
+           static const NV nvshift[5] = { 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0 };
+           static const char* const bases[5] =
+             { "", "binary", "", "octal", "hexadecimal" };
+           static const char* const Bases[5] =
+             { "", "Binary", "", "Octal", "Hexadecimal" };
+           static const char* const maxima[5] =
+             { "",
+               "0b11111111111111111111111111111111",
+               "",
+               "037777777777",
+               "0xffffffff" };
            const char *base, *Base, *max;
 
            /* check for hex */
@@ -10209,7 +11899,7 @@ Perl_scan_num(pTHX_ const char *start, YYSTYPE* lvalp)
 
                /* _ are ignored -- but warned about if consecutive */
                case '_':
-                   if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX) && lastub && s == lastub + 1)
+                   if (lastub && s == lastub + 1 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
                        Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
                                    "Misplaced _ in number");
                    lastub = s++;
@@ -10287,9 +11977,9 @@ Perl_scan_num(pTHX_ const char *start, YYSTYPE* lvalp)
                    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Misplaced _ in number");
            }
 
-           sv = NEWSV(92,0);
+           sv = newSV(0);
            if (overflowed) {
-               if (ckWARN(WARN_PORTABLE) && n > 4294967295.0)
+               if (n > 4294967295.0 && ckWARN(WARN_PORTABLE))
                    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PORTABLE),
                                "%s number > %s non-portable",
                                Base, max);
@@ -10297,7 +11987,7 @@ Perl_scan_num(pTHX_ const char *start, YYSTYPE* lvalp)
            }
            else {
 #if UVSIZE > 4
-               if (ckWARN(WARN_PORTABLE) && u > 0xffffffff)
+               if (u > 0xffffffff && ckWARN(WARN_PORTABLE))
                    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PORTABLE),
                                "%s number > %s non-portable",
                                Base, max);
@@ -10306,9 +11996,9 @@ Perl_scan_num(pTHX_ const char *start, YYSTYPE* lvalp)
            }
            if (just_zero && (PL_hints & HINT_NEW_INTEGER))
                sv = new_constant(start, s - start, "integer",
-                                 sv, Nullsv, NULL);
+                                 sv, NULL, NULL);
            else if (PL_hints & HINT_NEW_BINARY)
-               sv = new_constant(start, s - start, "binary", sv, Nullsv, NULL);
+               sv = new_constant(start, s - start, "binary", sv, NULL, NULL);
        }
        break;
 
@@ -10329,7 +12019,7 @@ Perl_scan_num(pTHX_ const char *start, YYSTYPE* lvalp)
               if -w is on
            */
            if (*s == '_') {
-               if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX) && lastub && s == lastub + 1)
+               if (lastub && s == lastub + 1 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
                    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
                                "Misplaced _ in number");
                lastub = s++;
@@ -10371,7 +12061,7 @@ Perl_scan_num(pTHX_ const char *start, YYSTYPE* lvalp)
                if (d >= e)
                    Perl_croak(aTHX_ number_too_long);
                if (*s == '_') {
-                  if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX) && lastub && s == lastub + 1)
+                  if (lastub && s == lastub + 1 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
                                   "Misplaced _ in number");
                   lastub = s;
@@ -10428,9 +12118,9 @@ Perl_scan_num(pTHX_ const char *start, YYSTYPE* lvalp)
                    *d++ = *s++;
                }
                else {
-                  if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX) &&
-                      ((lastub && s == lastub + 1) ||
-                       (!isDIGIT(s[1]) && s[1] != '_')))
+                  if (((lastub && s == lastub + 1) ||
+                       (!isDIGIT(s[1]) && s[1] != '_'))
+                   && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
                                   "Misplaced _ in number");
                   lastub = s++;
@@ -10440,7 +12130,7 @@ Perl_scan_num(pTHX_ const char *start, YYSTYPE* lvalp)
 
 
        /* make an sv from the string */
-       sv = NEWSV(92,0);
+       sv = newSV(0);
 
        /*
            We try to do an integer conversion first if no characters
@@ -10449,7 +12139,7 @@ Perl_scan_num(pTHX_ const char *start, YYSTYPE* lvalp)
 
        if (!floatit) {
            UV uv;
-            int flags = grok_number (PL_tokenbuf, d - PL_tokenbuf, &uv);
+           const int flags = grok_number (PL_tokenbuf, d - PL_tokenbuf, &uv);
 
             if (flags == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
               if (uv <= IV_MAX)
@@ -10473,15 +12163,17 @@ Perl_scan_num(pTHX_ const char *start, YYSTYPE* lvalp)
 
        if ( floatit ? (PL_hints & HINT_NEW_FLOAT) :
                       (PL_hints & HINT_NEW_INTEGER) )
-           sv = new_constant(PL_tokenbuf, d - PL_tokenbuf,
+           sv = new_constant(PL_tokenbuf,
+                             d - PL_tokenbuf,
+                             (const char *)
                              (floatit ? "float" : "integer"),
-                             sv, Nullsv, NULL);
+                             sv, NULL, NULL);
        break;
 
     /* if it starts with a v, it could be a v-string */
     case 'v':
 vstring:
-               sv = NEWSV(92,5); /* preallocate storage space */
+               sv = newSV(5); /* preallocate storage space */
                s = scan_vstring(s,sv);
        break;
     }
@@ -10491,7 +12183,7 @@ vstring:
     if (sv)
        lvalp->opval = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv);
     else
-       lvalp->opval = Nullop;
+       lvalp->opval = NULL;
 
     return (char *)s;
 }
@@ -10499,19 +12191,31 @@ vstring:
 STATIC char *
 S_scan_formline(pTHX_ register char *s)
 {
+    dVAR;
     register char *eol;
     register char *t;
-    SV *stuff = newSVpvn("",0);
+    SV * const stuff = newSVpvs("");
     bool needargs = FALSE;
     bool eofmt = FALSE;
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    char *tokenstart = s;
+    SV* savewhite;
+    
+    if (PL_madskills) {
+       savewhite = PL_thiswhite;
+       PL_thiswhite = 0;
+    }
+#endif
 
     while (!needargs) {
        if (*s == '.') {
-           /*SUPPRESS 530*/
+           t = s+1;
 #ifdef PERL_STRICT_CR
-           for (t = s+1;SPACE_OR_TAB(*t); t++) ;
+           while (SPACE_OR_TAB(*t))
+               t++;
 #else
-           for (t = s+1;SPACE_OR_TAB(*t) || *t == '\r'; t++) ;
+           while (SPACE_OR_TAB(*t) || *t == '\r')
+               t++;
 #endif
            if (*t == '\n' || t == PL_bufend) {
                eofmt = TRUE;
@@ -10519,7 +12223,7 @@ S_scan_formline(pTHX_ register char *s)
             }
        }
        if (PL_in_eval && !PL_rsfp) {
-           eol = memchr(s,'\n',PL_bufend-s);
+           eol = (char *) memchr(s,'\n',PL_bufend-s);
            if (!eol++)
                eol = PL_bufend;
        }
@@ -10541,19 +12245,31 @@ S_scan_formline(pTHX_ register char *s)
                    char *end = SvPVX(stuff) + SvCUR(stuff);
                    end[-2] = '\n';
                    end[-1] = '\0';
-                   SvCUR(stuff)--;
+                   SvCUR_set(stuff, SvCUR(stuff) - 1);
                }
 #endif
            }
            else
              break;
        }
-       s = eol;
+       s = (char*)eol;
        if (PL_rsfp) {
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           if (PL_madskills) {
+               if (PL_thistoken)
+                   sv_catpvn(PL_thistoken, tokenstart, PL_bufend - tokenstart);
+               else
+                   PL_thistoken = newSVpvn(tokenstart, PL_bufend - tokenstart);
+           }
+#endif
            s = filter_gets(PL_linestr, PL_rsfp, 0);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+           tokenstart = PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr = PL_bufptr = PL_linestart = SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+#else
            PL_oldoldbufptr = PL_oldbufptr = PL_bufptr = PL_linestart = SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+#endif
            PL_bufend = PL_bufptr + SvCUR(PL_linestr);
-           PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = Nullch;
+           PL_last_lop = PL_last_uni = NULL;
            if (!s) {
                s = PL_bufptr;
                break;
@@ -10566,20 +12282,23 @@ S_scan_formline(pTHX_ register char *s)
        PL_expect = XTERM;
        if (needargs) {
            PL_lex_state = LEX_NORMAL;
-           PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].ival = 0;
+           start_force(PL_curforce);
+           NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.ival = 0;
            force_next(',');
        }
        else
            PL_lex_state = LEX_FORMLINE;
        if (!IN_BYTES) {
-           if (UTF && is_utf8_string((U8*)SvPVX(stuff), SvCUR(stuff)))
+           if (UTF && is_utf8_string((U8*)SvPVX_const(stuff), SvCUR(stuff)))
                SvUTF8_on(stuff);
            else if (PL_encoding)
                sv_recode_to_utf8(stuff, PL_encoding);
        }
-       PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].opval = (OP*)newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stuff);
+       start_force(PL_curforce);
+       NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.opval = (OP*)newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stuff);
        force_next(THING);
-       PL_nextval[PL_nexttoke].ival = OP_FORMLINE;
+       start_force(PL_curforce);
+       NEXTVAL_NEXTTOKE.ival = OP_FORMLINE;
        force_next(LSTOP);
     }
     else {
@@ -10588,6 +12307,15 @@ S_scan_formline(pTHX_ register char *s)
            PL_lex_formbrack = 0;
        PL_bufptr = s;
     }
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+    if (PL_madskills) {
+       if (PL_thistoken)
+           sv_catpvn(PL_thistoken, tokenstart, s - tokenstart);
+       else
+           PL_thistoken = newSVpvn(tokenstart, s - tokenstart);
+       PL_thiswhite = savewhite;
+    }
+#endif
     return s;
 }
 
@@ -10595,16 +12323,22 @@ STATIC void
 S_set_csh(pTHX)
 {
 #ifdef CSH
+    dVAR;
     if (!PL_cshlen)
        PL_cshlen = strlen(PL_cshname);
+#else
+#if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
+    PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
+#endif
 #endif
 }
 
 I32
 Perl_start_subparse(pTHX_ I32 is_format, U32 flags)
 {
-    I32 oldsavestack_ix = PL_savestack_ix;
-    CV* outsidecv = PL_compcv;
+    dVAR;
+    const I32 oldsavestack_ix = PL_savestack_ix;
+    CV* const outsidecv = PL_compcv;
 
     if (PL_compcv) {
        assert(SvTYPE(PL_compcv) == SVt_PVCV);
@@ -10613,13 +12347,13 @@ Perl_start_subparse(pTHX_ I32 is_format, U32 flags)
     save_item(PL_subname);
     SAVESPTR(PL_compcv);
 
-    PL_compcv = (CV*)NEWSV(1104,0);
+    PL_compcv = (CV*)newSV(0);
     sv_upgrade((SV *)PL_compcv, is_format ? SVt_PVFM : SVt_PVCV);
     CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) |= flags;
 
     PL_subline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
     CvPADLIST(PL_compcv) = pad_new(padnew_SAVE|padnew_SAVESUB);
-    CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(outsidecv);
+    CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc_simple(outsidecv);
     CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(PL_compcv) = PL_cop_seqmax;
 
     return oldsavestack_ix;
@@ -10631,6 +12365,7 @@ Perl_start_subparse(pTHX_ I32 is_format, U32 flags)
 int
 Perl_yywarn(pTHX_ const char *s)
 {
+    dVAR;
     PL_in_eval |= EVAL_WARNONLY;
     yyerror(s);
     PL_in_eval &= ~EVAL_WARNONLY;
@@ -10640,15 +12375,18 @@ Perl_yywarn(pTHX_ const char *s)
 int
 Perl_yyerror(pTHX_ const char *s)
 {
+    dVAR;
     const char *where = NULL;
     const char *context = NULL;
     int contlen = -1;
     SV *msg;
+    int yychar  = PL_parser->yychar;
 
     if (!yychar || (yychar == ';' && !PL_rsfp))
        where = "at EOF";
-    else if (PL_bufptr > PL_oldoldbufptr && PL_bufptr - PL_oldoldbufptr < 200 &&
-      PL_oldoldbufptr != PL_oldbufptr && PL_oldbufptr != PL_bufptr) {
+    else if (PL_oldoldbufptr && PL_bufptr > PL_oldoldbufptr &&
+      PL_bufptr - PL_oldoldbufptr < 200 && PL_oldoldbufptr != PL_oldbufptr &&
+      PL_oldbufptr != PL_bufptr) {
        /*
                Only for NetWare:
                The code below is removed for NetWare because it abends/crashes on NetWare
@@ -10663,8 +12401,8 @@ Perl_yyerror(pTHX_ const char *s)
        context = PL_oldoldbufptr;
        contlen = PL_bufptr - PL_oldoldbufptr;
     }
-    else if (PL_bufptr > PL_oldbufptr && PL_bufptr - PL_oldbufptr < 200 &&
-      PL_oldbufptr != PL_bufptr) {
+    else if (PL_oldbufptr && PL_bufptr > PL_oldbufptr &&
+      PL_bufptr - PL_oldbufptr < 200 && PL_oldbufptr != PL_bufptr) {
        /*
                Only for NetWare:
                The code below is removed for NetWare because it abends/crashes on NetWare
@@ -10691,14 +12429,14 @@ Perl_yyerror(pTHX_ const char *s)
            where = "within string";
     }
     else {
-       SV *where_sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn("next char ", 10));
+       SV * const where_sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs("next char "));
        if (yychar < 32)
            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ where_sv, "^%c", toCTRL(yychar));
        else if (isPRINT_LC(yychar))
            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ where_sv, "%c", yychar);
        else
            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ where_sv, "\\%03o", yychar & 255);
-       where = SvPVX(where_sv);
+       where = SvPVX_const(where_sv);
     }
     msg = sv_2mortal(newSVpv(s, 0));
     Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, " at %s line %"IVdf", ",
@@ -10714,19 +12452,19 @@ Perl_yyerror(pTHX_ const char *s)
         PL_multi_end = 0;
     }
     if (PL_in_eval & EVAL_WARNONLY && ckWARN_d(WARN_SYNTAX))
-       Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "%"SVf, msg);
+       Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "%"SVf, (void*)msg);
     else
        qerror(msg);
     if (PL_error_count >= 10) {
        if (PL_in_eval && SvCUR(ERRSV))
            Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf"%s has too many errors.\n",
-            ERRSV, OutCopFILE(PL_curcop));
+                      (void*)ERRSV, OutCopFILE(PL_curcop));
        else
            Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s has too many errors.\n",
             OutCopFILE(PL_curcop));
     }
     PL_in_my = 0;
-    PL_in_my_stash = Nullhv;
+    PL_in_my_stash = NULL;
     return 0;
 }
 #ifdef __SC__
@@ -10736,8 +12474,8 @@ Perl_yyerror(pTHX_ const char *s)
 STATIC char*
 S_swallow_bom(pTHX_ U8 *s)
 {
-    STRLEN slen;
-    slen = SvCUR(PL_linestr);
+    dVAR;
+    const STRLEN slen = SvCUR(PL_linestr);
     switch (s[0]) {
     case 0xFF:
        if (s[1] == 0xFE) {
@@ -10753,14 +12491,23 @@ S_swallow_bom(pTHX_ U8 *s)
                I32 newlen;
 
                filter_add(utf16rev_textfilter, NULL);
-               New(898, news, (PL_bufend - (char*)s) * 3 / 2 + 1, U8);
+               Newx(news, (PL_bufend - (char*)s) * 3 / 2 + 1, U8);
                utf16_to_utf8_reversed(s, news,
                                       PL_bufend - (char*)s - 1,
                                       &newlen);
                sv_setpvn(PL_linestr, (const char*)news, newlen);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               s = (U8*)SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+               Copy(news, s, newlen, U8);
+               s[newlen] = '\0';
+#endif
                Safefree(news);
                SvUTF8_on(PL_linestr);
                s = (U8*)SvPVX(PL_linestr);
+#ifdef PERL_MAD
+               /* FIXME - is this a general bug fix?  */
+               s[newlen] = '\0';
+#endif
                PL_bufend = SvPVX(PL_linestr) + newlen;
            }
 #else
@@ -10779,7 +12526,7 @@ S_swallow_bom(pTHX_ U8 *s)
                I32 newlen;
 
                filter_add(utf16_textfilter, NULL);
-               New(898, news, (PL_bufend - (char*)s) * 3 / 2 + 1, U8);
+               Newx(news, (PL_bufend - (char*)s) * 3 / 2 + 1, U8);
                utf16_to_utf8(s, news,
                              PL_bufend - (char*)s,
                              &newlen);
@@ -10816,6 +12563,15 @@ S_swallow_bom(pTHX_ U8 *s)
                  goto utf16be;
             }
        }
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+    case 0xDD:
+        if (slen > 3 && s[1] == 0x73 && s[2] == 0x66 && s[3] == 0x73) {
+            if (DEBUG_p_TEST || DEBUG_T_TEST) PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "UTF-8 script encoding (BOM)\n");
+            s += 4;                      /* UTF-8 */
+        }
+        break;
+#endif
+
     default:
         if (slen > 3 && s[1] == 0 && s[2] != 0 && s[3] == 0) {
                  /* Leading bytes
@@ -10836,7 +12592,8 @@ S_swallow_bom(pTHX_ U8 *s)
 static void
 restore_rsfp(pTHX_ void *f)
 {
-    PerlIO *fp = (PerlIO*)f;
+    dVAR;
+    PerlIO * const fp = (PerlIO*)f;
 
     if (PL_rsfp == PerlIO_stdin())
        PerlIO_clearerr(PL_rsfp);
@@ -10849,17 +12606,19 @@ restore_rsfp(pTHX_ void *f)
 static I32
 utf16_textfilter(pTHX_ int idx, SV *sv, int maxlen)
 {
-    STRLEN old = SvCUR(sv);
-    I32 count = FILTER_READ(idx+1, sv, maxlen);
+    dVAR;
+    const STRLEN old = SvCUR(sv);
+    const I32 count = FILTER_READ(idx+1, sv, maxlen);
     DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
                          "utf16_textfilter(%p): %d %d (%d)\n",
-                         utf16_textfilter, idx, maxlen, (int) count));
+                         FPTR2DPTR(void *, utf16_textfilter),
+                         idx, maxlen, (int) count));
     if (count) {
        U8* tmps;
        I32 newlen;
-       New(898, tmps, SvCUR(sv) * 3 / 2 + 1, U8);
-       Copy(SvPVX(sv), tmps, old, char);
-       utf16_to_utf8((U8*)SvPVX(sv) + old, tmps + old,
+       Newx(tmps, SvCUR(sv) * 3 / 2 + 1, U8);
+       Copy(SvPVX_const(sv), tmps, old, char);
+       utf16_to_utf8((U8*)SvPVX_const(sv) + old, tmps + old,
                      SvCUR(sv) - old, &newlen);
        sv_usepvn(sv, (char*)tmps, (STRLEN)newlen + old);
     }
@@ -10870,17 +12629,19 @@ utf16_textfilter(pTHX_ int idx, SV *sv, int maxlen)
 static I32
 utf16rev_textfilter(pTHX_ int idx, SV *sv, int maxlen)
 {
-    STRLEN old = SvCUR(sv);
-    I32 count = FILTER_READ(idx+1, sv, maxlen);
+    dVAR;
+    const STRLEN old = SvCUR(sv);
+    const I32 count = FILTER_READ(idx+1, sv, maxlen);
     DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
                          "utf16rev_textfilter(%p): %d %d (%d)\n",
-                         utf16rev_textfilter, idx, maxlen, (int) count));
+                         FPTR2DPTR(void *, utf16rev_textfilter),
+                         idx, maxlen, (int) count));
     if (count) {
        U8* tmps;
        I32 newlen;
-       New(898, tmps, SvCUR(sv) * 3 / 2 + 1, U8);
-       Copy(SvPVX(sv), tmps, old, char);
-       utf16_to_utf8((U8*)SvPVX(sv) + old, tmps + old,
+       Newx(tmps, SvCUR(sv) * 3 / 2 + 1, U8);
+       Copy(SvPVX_const(sv), tmps, old, char);
+       utf16_to_utf8((U8*)SvPVX_const(sv) + old, tmps + old,
                      SvCUR(sv) - old, &newlen);
        sv_usepvn(sv, (char*)tmps, (STRLEN)newlen + old);
     }
@@ -10895,7 +12656,7 @@ vstring, as well as updating the passed in sv.
 
 Function must be called like
 
-       sv = NEWSV(92,5);
+       sv = newSV(5);
        s = scan_vstring(s,sv);
 
 The sv should already be large enough to store the vstring
@@ -10906,6 +12667,7 @@ passed in, for performance reasons.
 char *
 Perl_scan_vstring(pTHX_ const char *s, SV *sv)
 {
+    dVAR;
     const char *pos = s;
     const char *start = s;
     if (*pos == 'v') pos++;  /* get past 'v' */
@@ -10924,25 +12686,22 @@ Perl_scan_vstring(pTHX_ const char *s, SV *sv)
     }
 
     if (!isALPHA(*pos)) {
-       UV rev;
        U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
-       U8 *tmpend;
 
-       if (*s == 'v') s++;  /* get past 'v' */
+       if (*s == 'v')
+           s++;  /* get past 'v' */
 
        sv_setpvn(sv, "", 0);
 
        for (;;) {
-           rev = 0;
-           {
-               /* this is atoi() that tolerates underscores */
-               const char *end = pos;
-               UV mult = 1;
-               while (--end >= s) {
-                   UV orev;
-                   if (*end == '_')
-                       continue;
-                   orev = rev;
+           /* this is atoi() that tolerates underscores */
+           U8 *tmpend;
+           UV rev = 0;
+           const char *end = pos;
+           UV mult = 1;
+           while (--end >= s) {
+               if (*end != '_') {
+                   const UV orev = rev;
                    rev += (*end - '0') * mult;
                    mult *= 10;
                    if (orev > rev && ckWARN_d(WARN_OVERFLOW))
@@ -10975,3 +12734,12 @@ Perl_scan_vstring(pTHX_ const char *s, SV *sv)
     return (char *)s;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Local variables:
+ * c-indentation-style: bsd
+ * c-basic-offset: 4
+ * indent-tabs-mode: t
+ * End:
+ *
+ * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
+ */