print defined tied $a->{foo} ? "not ok" : "ok";
EXPECT
ok
+########
+# the tmps returned by FETCH should appear to be SCALAR
+# (even though they are now implemented using PVLVs.)
+package X;
+sub TIEHASH { bless {} }
+sub TIEARRAY { bless {} }
+sub FETCH {1}
+my (%h, @a);
+tie %h, 'X';
+tie @a, 'X';
+my $r1 = \$h{1};
+my $r2 = \$a[0];
+my $s = "$r1 ". ref($r1) . " $r2 " . ref($r2);
+$s=~ s/\(0x\w+\)//g;
+print $s, "\n";
+EXPECT
+SCALAR SCALAR SCALAR SCALAR
+########
+# [perl #23287] segfault in untie
+sub TIESCALAR { bless $_[1], $_[0] }
+my $var;
+tie $var, 'main', \$var;
+untie $var;
+EXPECT
+########
+# Test case from perlmonks by runrig
+# http://www.perlmonks.org/index.pl?node_id=273490
+# "Here is what I tried. I think its similar to what you've tried
+# above. Its odd but convienient that after untie'ing you are left with
+# a variable that has the same value as was last returned from
+# FETCH. (At least on my perl v5.6.1). So you don't need to pass a
+# reference to the variable in order to set it after the untie (here it
+# is accessed through a closure)."
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+package MyTied;
+sub TIESCALAR {
+ my ($class,$code) = @_;
+ bless $code, $class;
+}
+sub FETCH {
+ my $self = shift;
+ print "Untie\n";
+ $self->();
+}
+package main;
+my $var;
+tie $var, 'MyTied', sub { untie $var; 4 };
+print "One\n";
+print "$var\n";
+print "Two\n";
+print "$var\n";
+print "Three\n";
+print "$var\n";
+EXPECT
+One
+Untie
+4
+Two
+4
+Three
+4
+########
+# [perl #22297] cannot untie scalar from within tied FETCH
+my $counter = 0;
+my $x = 7;
+my $ref = \$x;
+tie $x, 'Overlay', $ref, $x;
+my $y;
+$y = $x;
+$y = $x;
+$y = $x;
+$y = $x;
+#print "WILL EXTERNAL UNTIE $ref\n";
+untie $$ref;
+$y = $x;
+$y = $x;
+$y = $x;
+$y = $x;
+#print "counter = $counter\n";
+
+print (($counter == 1) ? "ok\n" : "not ok\n");
+
+package Overlay;
+
+sub TIESCALAR
+{
+ my $pkg = shift;
+ my ($ref, $val) = @_;
+ return bless [ $ref, $val ], $pkg;
+}
+
+sub FETCH
+{
+ my $self = shift;
+ my ($ref, $val) = @$self;
+ #print "WILL INTERNAL UNITE $ref\n";
+ $counter++;
+ untie $$ref;
+ return $val;
+}
+EXPECT
+ok
+########
+
+# TODO [perl #948] cannot meaningfully tie $,
+package TieDollarComma;
+
+sub TIESCALAR {
+ my $pkg = shift;
+ return bless \my $x, $pkg;
+}
+
+sub STORE {
+ my $self = shift;
+ $$self = shift;
+ print "STORE set '$$self'\n";
+}
+
+sub FETCH {
+ my $self = shift;
+ print "FETCH\n";
+ return $$self;
+}
+package main;
+
+tie $,, 'TieDollarComma';
+$, = 'BOBBINS';
+print "join", "things", "up\n";
+EXPECT
+STORE set 'BOBBINS'
+FETCH
+FETCH
+joinBOBBINSthingsBOBBINSup
+########
+
+# test SCALAR method
+package TieScalar;
+
+sub TIEHASH {
+ my $pkg = shift;
+ bless { } => $pkg;
+}
+
+sub STORE {
+ $_[0]->{$_[1]} = $_[2];
+}
+
+sub FETCH {
+ $_[0]->{$_[1]}
+}
+
+sub CLEAR {
+ %{ $_[0] } = ();
+}
+
+sub SCALAR {
+ print "SCALAR\n";
+ return 0 if ! keys %{$_[0]};
+ sprintf "%i/%i", scalar keys %{$_[0]}, scalar keys %{$_[0]};
+}
+
+package main;
+tie my %h => "TieScalar";
+$h{key1} = "val1";
+$h{key2} = "val2";
+print scalar %h, "\n";
+%h = ();
+print scalar %h, "\n";
+EXPECT
+SCALAR
+2/2
+SCALAR
+0
+########
+
+# test scalar on tied hash when no SCALAR method has been given
+package TieScalar;
+
+sub TIEHASH {
+ my $pkg = shift;
+ bless { } => $pkg;
+}
+sub STORE {
+ $_[0]->{$_[1]} = $_[2];
+}
+sub FETCH {
+ $_[0]->{$_[1]}
+}
+sub CLEAR {
+ %{ $_[0] } = ();
+}
+sub FIRSTKEY {
+ my $a = keys %{ $_[0] };
+ print "FIRSTKEY\n";
+ each %{ $_[0] };
+}
+
+package main;
+tie my %h => "TieScalar";
+
+if (!%h) {
+ print "empty\n";
+} else {
+ print "not empty\n";
+}
+
+$h{key1} = "val1";
+print "not empty\n" if %h;
+print "not empty\n" if %h;
+print "-->\n";
+my ($k,$v) = each %h;
+print "<--\n";
+print "not empty\n" if %h;
+%h = ();
+print "empty\n" if ! %h;
+EXPECT
+FIRSTKEY
+empty
+FIRSTKEY
+not empty
+FIRSTKEY
+not empty
+-->
+FIRSTKEY
+<--
+not empty
+FIRSTKEY
+empty