/^(?'main'<(?:[^<>]+|(?&crap)|(?&main))*>)(?'empty')(?'crap'!>!>!>)$/ <<!>!>!>><>>!>!>!> y $+{main} <<!>!>!>><>>
/^(?'main'<(?:[^<>]+|(?&main))*>)$/ <<><<<><>>>> y $1 <<><<<><>>>>
/(?'first'(?&second)*)(?'second'[fF]o+)/ fooFoFoo y $+{first}-$+{second} fooFo-Foo
+(?<A>foo)?(?(<A>)bar|nada) foobar y $+{A} foo
+(?<A>foo)?(?(<A>)bar|nada) foo-barnada y $& nada
+(?<A>foo)?(?(1)bar|nada) foo-barnada y $& nada
+(?<A>foo(?(R)bar))?(?1) foofoobar y $1 foo
+(?<A>foo(?(R)bar))?(?1) foofoobar y $& foofoobar
+(x)(?<A>foo(?(R&A)bar))?(?&A) xfoofoobar y $2 foo
+(x)(?<A>foo(?(R&A)bar))?(?&A) xfoofoobar y $& xfoofoobar
+(x)(?<A>foo(?(R2)bar))?(?&A) xfoofoobar y $2 foo
+(x)(?<A>foo(?(R2)bar))?(?&A) xfoofoobar y $& xfoofoobar
+(?1)(?(DEFINE)(blah)) blah y $& blah
+/^(?<PAL>(?<CHAR>.)((?&PAL)|.?)\k<CHAR>)$/ madamimadam y $& madamimadam
+/^(?<PAL>(?<CHAR>.)((?&PAL)|.?)\k<CHAR>)$/ madamiamadam n - -
+/(a)?((?1))(fox)/ aafox y $1-$2-$3 a-a-fox
+/(a)*((?1))(fox)/ aafox y $1-$2-$3 a-a-fox
+/(a)+((?1))(fox)/ aafox y $1-$2-$3 a-a-fox
+/(a){1,100}((?1))(fox)/ aafox y $1-$2-$3 a-a-fox
+/(a){0,100}((?1))(fox)/ aafox y $1-$2-$3 a-a-fox
+/(ab)?((?1))(fox)/ ababfox y $1-$2-$3 ab-ab-fox
+/(ab)*((?1))(fox)/ ababfox y $1-$2-$3 ab-ab-fox
+/(ab)+((?1))(fox)/ ababfox y $1-$2-$3 ab-ab-fox
+/(ab){1,100}((?1))(fox)/ ababfox y $1-$2-$3 ab-ab-fox
+/(ab){0,100}((?1))(fox)/ ababfox y $1-$2-$3 ab-ab-fox
+# possessive captures
+a++a aaaaa n - -
+a*+a aaaaa n - -
+a{1,5}+a aaaaa n - -
+a?+a ab n - -
+a++b aaaaab y $& aaaaab
+a*+b aaaaab y $& aaaaab
+a{1,5}+b aaaaab y $& aaaaab
+a?+b ab y $& ab
+fooa++a fooaaaaa n - -
+fooa*+a fooaaaaa n - -
+fooa{1,5}+a fooaaaaa n - -
+fooa?+a fooab n - -
+fooa++b fooaaaaab y $& fooaaaaab
+fooa*+b fooaaaaab y $& fooaaaaab
+fooa{1,5}+b fooaaaaab y $& fooaaaaab
+fooa?+b fooab y $& fooab
+(?:aA)++(?:aA) aAaAaAaAaA n - aAaAaAaAaA
+(aA)++(aA) aAaAaAaAaA n - aAaAaAaAaA
+(aA|bB)++(aA|bB) aAaAbBaAbB n - aAaAbBaAbB
+(?:aA|bB)++(?:aA|bB) aAbBbBbBaA n - aAbBbBbBaA
+(?:aA)*+(?:aA) aAaAaAaAaA n - aAaAaAaAaA
+(aA)*+(aA) aAaAaAaAaA n - aAaAaAaAaA
+(aA|bB)*+(aA|bB) aAaAbBaAaA n - aAaAbBaAaA
+(?:aA|bB)*+(?:aA|bB) aAaAaAbBaA n - aAaAaAbBaA
+(?:aA){1,5}+(?:aA) aAaAaAaAaA n - aAaAaAaAaA
+(aA){1,5}+(aA) aAaAaAaAaA n - aAaAaAaAaA
+(aA|bB){1,5}+(aA|bB) aAaAbBaAaA n - aAaAbBaAaA
+(?:aA|bB){1,5}+(?:aA|bB) bBbBbBbBbB n - bBbBbBbBbB
+(?:aA)?+(?:aA) aAb n - aAb
+(aA)?+(aA) aAb n - aAb
+(aA|bB)?+(aA|bB) bBb n - bBb
+(?:aA|bB)?+(?:aA|bB) aAb n - aAb
+(?:aA)++b aAaAaAaAaAb y $& aAaAaAaAaAb
+(aA)++b aAaAaAaAaAb y $& aAaAaAaAaAb
+(aA|bB)++b aAbBaAaAbBb y $& aAbBaAaAbBb
+(?:aA|bB)++b aAbBbBaAaAb y $& aAbBbBaAaAb
+(?:aA)*+b aAaAaAaAaAb y $& aAaAaAaAaAb
+(aA)*+b aAaAaAaAaAb y $& aAaAaAaAaAb
+(aA|bB)*+b bBbBbBbBbBb y $& bBbBbBbBbBb
+(?:aA|bB)*+b bBaAbBbBaAb y $& bBaAbBbBaAb
+(?:aA){1,5}+b aAaAaAaAaAb y $& aAaAaAaAaAb
+(aA){1,5}+b aAaAaAaAaAb y $& aAaAaAaAaAb
+(aA|bB){1,5}+b bBaAbBaAbBb y $& bBaAbBaAbBb
+(?:aA|bB){1,5}+b aAbBaAbBbBb y $& aAbBaAbBbBb
+(?:aA)?+b aAb y $& aAb
+(aA)?+b aAb y $& aAb
+(aA|bB)?+b bBb y $& bBb
+(?:aA|bB)?+b bBb y $& bBb
+foo(?:aA)++(?:aA) fooaAaAaAaAaA n - fooaAaAaAaAaA
+foo(aA)++(aA) fooaAaAaAaAaA n - fooaAaAaAaAaA
+foo(aA|bB)++(aA|bB) foobBbBbBaAaA n - foobBbBbBaAaA
+foo(?:aA|bB)++(?:aA|bB) fooaAaAaAaAaA n - fooaAaAaAaAaA
+foo(?:aA)*+(?:aA) fooaAaAaAaAaA n - fooaAaAaAaAaA
+foo(aA)*+(aA) fooaAaAaAaAaA n - fooaAaAaAaAaA
+foo(aA|bB)*+(aA|bB) foobBaAbBaAaA n - foobBaAbBaAaA
+foo(?:aA|bB)*+(?:aA|bB) fooaAaAbBbBaA n - fooaAaAbBbBaA
+foo(?:aA){1,5}+(?:aA) fooaAaAaAaAaA n - fooaAaAaAaAaA
+foo(aA){1,5}+(aA) fooaAaAaAaAaA n - fooaAaAaAaAaA
+foo(aA|bB){1,5}+(aA|bB) fooaAbBbBaAaA n - fooaAbBbBaAaA
+foo(?:aA|bB){1,5}+(?:aA|bB) fooaAbBbBaAbB n - fooaAbBbBaAbB
+foo(?:aA)?+(?:aA) fooaAb n - fooaAb
+foo(aA)?+(aA) fooaAb n - fooaAb
+foo(aA|bB)?+(aA|bB) foobBb n - foobBb
+foo(?:aA|bB)?+(?:aA|bB) fooaAb n - fooaAb
+foo(?:aA)++b fooaAaAaAaAaAb y $& fooaAaAaAaAaAb
+foo(aA)++b fooaAaAaAaAaAb y $& fooaAaAaAaAaAb
+foo(aA|bB)++b foobBaAbBaAbBb y $& foobBaAbBaAbBb
+foo(?:aA|bB)++b fooaAaAbBaAaAb y $& fooaAaAbBaAaAb
+foo(?:aA)*+b fooaAaAaAaAaAb y $& fooaAaAaAaAaAb
+foo(aA)*+b fooaAaAaAaAaAb y $& fooaAaAaAaAaAb
+foo(aA|bB)*+b foobBbBaAaAaAb y $& foobBbBaAaAaAb
+foo(?:aA|bB)*+b foobBaAaAbBaAb y $& foobBaAaAbBaAb
+foo(?:aA){1,5}+b fooaAaAaAaAaAb y $& fooaAaAaAaAaAb
+foo(aA){1,5}+b fooaAaAaAaAaAb y $& fooaAaAaAaAaAb
+foo(aA|bB){1,5}+b foobBaAaAaAaAb y $& foobBaAaAaAaAb
+foo(?:aA|bB){1,5}+b fooaAbBaAbBbBb y $& fooaAbBaAbBbBb
+foo(?:aA)?+b fooaAb y $& fooaAb
+foo(aA)?+b fooaAb y $& fooaAb
+foo(aA|bB)?+b foobBb y $& foobBb
+foo(?:aA|bB)?+b foobBb y $& foobBb
+
+([^()]++|\([^()]*\))+ ((abc(ade)ufh()()x y $& abc(ade)ufh()()x
+round\(([^()]++)\) _I(round(xs * sz),1) y $1 xs * sz
+