It could be possible for the case-insensitive
[p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git] / regexec.c
index cad6a40..4b073d2 100644 (file)
--- a/regexec.c
+++ b/regexec.c
 /* for use after a quantifier and before an EXACT-like node -- japhy */
 #define JUMPABLE(rn) ( \
     OP(rn) == OPEN || OP(rn) == CLOSE || OP(rn) == EVAL || \
-    OP(rn) == SUSPEND || OP(rn) == IFMATCH \
+    OP(rn) == SUSPEND || OP(rn) == IFMATCH || \
+    OP(rn) == PLUS || OP(rn) == MINMOD || \
+    (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(rn)] == CURLY && ARG1(rn) > 0) \
 )
 
-#define NEAR_EXACT(rn) (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(rn)] == EXACT || JUMPABLE(rn))
+#define HAS_TEXT(rn) ( \
+    PL_regkind[(U8)OP(rn)] == EXACT || PL_regkind[(U8)OP(rn)] == REF \
+)
 
-#define NEXT_IMPT(rn) STMT_START { \
+#define FIND_NEXT_IMPT(rn) STMT_START { \
     while (JUMPABLE(rn)) \
-       if (OP(rn) == SUSPEND || OP(rn) == IFMATCH) \
+       if (OP(rn) == SUSPEND || OP(rn) == IFMATCH || \
+           PL_regkind[(U8)OP(rn)] == CURLY) \
            rn = NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(rn)); \
+       else if (OP(rn) == PLUS) \
+           rn = NEXTOPER(rn); \
        else rn += NEXT_OFF(rn); \
 } STMT_END 
 
@@ -383,26 +390,33 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_ regexp *prog, SV *sv, char *strpos,
     char *check_at = Nullch;           /* check substr found at this pos */
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
     char *i_strpos = strpos;
+    SV *dsv = PERL_DEBUG_PAD_ZERO(0);
 #endif
 
-    DEBUG_r( if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors() );
-    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                     "%sGuessing start of match, REx%s `%s%.60s%s%s' against `%s%.*s%s%s'...\n",
-                     PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
-                     prog->precomp,
-                     PL_colors[1],
-                     (strlen(prog->precomp) > 60 ? "..." : ""),
-                     PL_colors[0],
-                     (int)(strend - strpos > 60 ? 60 : strend - strpos),
-                     strpos, PL_colors[1],
-                     (strend - strpos > 60 ? "..." : ""))
-       );
+    DEBUG_r({
+        char*s   = UTF ? sv_uni_display(dsv, sv, 60, 0) : strpos;
+        int  len = UTF ? strlen(s) : strend - strpos;
+        if (!PL_colorset)
+             reginitcolors();
+        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                      "%sGuessing start of match, REx%s `%s%.60s%s%s' against `%s%.*s%s%s'...\n",
+                      PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
+                      prog->precomp,
+                      PL_colors[1],
+                      (strlen(prog->precomp) > 60 ? "..." : ""),
+                      PL_colors[0],
+                      (int)(len > 60 ? 60 : len),
+                      s, PL_colors[1],
+                      (len > 60 ? "..." : "")
+             );
+    });
 
     if (prog->reganch & ROPT_UTF8)
        PL_reg_flags |= RF_utf8;
 
     if (prog->minlen > CHR_DIST((U8*)strend, (U8*)strpos)) {
-       DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "String too short...\n"));
+       DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                             "String too short... [re_intuit_start]\n"));
        goto fail;
     }
     strbeg = (sv && SvPOK(sv)) ? strend - SvCUR(sv) : strpos;
@@ -917,8 +931,15 @@ S_find_byclass(pTHX_ regexp * prog, regnode *c, char *s, char *strend, char *sta
            m = STRING(c);
            ln = STR_LEN(c);
            if (UTF) {
-               c1 = to_utf8_lower((U8*)m);
-               c2 = to_utf8_upper((U8*)m);
+               STRLEN ulen1, ulen2;
+               U8 tmpbuf1[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
+               U8 tmpbuf2[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
+
+               to_utf8_lower((U8*)m, tmpbuf1, &ulen1);
+               to_utf8_upper((U8*)m, tmpbuf2, &ulen2);
+
+               c1 = utf8_to_uvuni(tmpbuf1, 0);
+               c2 = utf8_to_uvuni(tmpbuf2, 0);
            }
            else {
                c1 = *(U8*)m;
@@ -938,17 +959,30 @@ S_find_byclass(pTHX_ regexp * prog, regnode *c, char *s, char *strend, char *sta
 
            if (do_utf8) {
                STRLEN len;
+               /* The ibcmp_utf8() uses to_uni_fold() which is more
+                * correct folding for Unicode than using lowercase.
+                * However, it doesn't work quite fully since the folding
+                * is a one-to-many mapping and the regex optimizer is
+                * unaware of this, so it may throw out good matches.
+                * Fortunately, not getting this right is allowed
+                * for Unicode Regular Expression Support level 1,
+                * only one-to-one matching is required. --jhi */
                if (c1 == c2)
                    while (s <= e) {
                        if ( utf8_to_uvchr((U8*)s, &len) == c1
-                            && regtry(prog, s) )
+                            && (ln == 1 ||
+                                ibcmp_utf8(s, do_utf8,  strend - s,
+                                           m, UTF, ln)) )
                            goto got_it;
                        s += len;
                    }
                else
                    while (s <= e) {
                        UV c = utf8_to_uvchr((U8*)s, &len);
-                       if ( (c == c1 || c == c2) && regtry(prog, s) )
+                       if ( (c == c1 || c == c2)
+                            && (ln == 1 ||
+                                ibcmp_utf8(s, do_utf8, strend - s,
+                                           m, UTF, ln)) )
                            goto got_it;
                        s += len;
                    }
@@ -1443,6 +1477,9 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ register regexp *prog, char *stringarg, register char *
     char *scream_olds;
     SV* oreplsv = GvSV(PL_replgv);
     bool do_utf8 = DO_UTF8(sv);
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    SV *dsv = PERL_DEBUG_PAD_ZERO(0);
+#endif
 
     PL_regcc = 0;
 
@@ -1458,11 +1495,10 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ register regexp *prog, char *stringarg, register char *
     }
 
     minlen = prog->minlen;
-    if (do_utf8 && !(prog->reganch & ROPT_CANY_SEEN)) {
-        if (utf8_distance((U8*)strend, (U8*)startpos) < minlen) goto phooey;
-    }
-    else {
-        if (strend - startpos < minlen) goto phooey;
+    if (strend - startpos < minlen) {
+        DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                             "String too short [regexec_flags]...\n"));
+       goto phooey;
     }
 
     /* Check validity of program. */
@@ -1521,22 +1557,29 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ register regexp *prog, char *stringarg, register char *
        d.scream_olds = &scream_olds;
        d.scream_pos = &scream_pos;
        s = re_intuit_start(prog, sv, s, strend, flags, &d);
-       if (!s)
+       if (!s) {
+           DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Not present...\n"));
            goto phooey;        /* not present */
+       }
     }
 
-    DEBUG_r( if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors() );
-    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                     "%sMatching REx%s `%s%.60s%s%s' against `%s%.*s%s%s'\n",
-                     PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
-                     prog->precomp,
-                     PL_colors[1],
-                     (strlen(prog->precomp) > 60 ? "..." : ""),
-                     PL_colors[0],
-                     (int)(strend - startpos > 60 ? 60 : strend - startpos),
-                     startpos, PL_colors[1],
-                     (strend - startpos > 60 ? "..." : ""))
-       );
+    DEBUG_r({
+        char *s   = do_utf8 ? sv_uni_display(dsv, sv, 60, 0) : startpos;
+        int   len = do_utf8 ? strlen(s) : strend - startpos;
+        if (!PL_colorset)
+            reginitcolors();
+        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                      "%sMatching REx%s `%s%.60s%s%s' against `%s%.*s%s%s'\n",
+                      PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
+                      prog->precomp,
+                      PL_colors[1],
+                      (strlen(prog->precomp) > 60 ? "..." : ""),
+                      PL_colors[0],
+                      (int)(len > 60 ? 60 : len),
+                      s, PL_colors[1],
+                      (len > 60 ? "..." : "")
+             );
+    });
 
     /* Simplest case:  anchored match need be tried only once. */
     /*  [unless only anchor is BOL and multiline is set] */
@@ -1706,7 +1749,7 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ register regexp *prog, char *stringarg, register char *
        DEBUG_r({
            SV *prop = sv_newmortal();
            regprop(prop, c);
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Matching stclass `%s' against `%s'\n", SvPVX(prop), s);
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Matching stclass `%s' against `%s'\n", SvPVX(prop), UTF ? sv_uni_display(dsv, sv, 60, 0) : s);
        });
        if (find_byclass(prog, c, s, strend, startpos, 0))
            goto got_it;
@@ -1913,6 +1956,12 @@ S_regtry(pTHX_ regexp *prog, char *startpos)
             New(22,PL_reg_start_tmp, PL_reg_start_tmpl, char*);
     }
 
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    sv_setpvn(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(0), "", 0);
+    sv_setpvn(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(1), "", 0);
+    sv_setpvn(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(2), "", 0);
+#endif
+
     /* XXXX What this code is doing here?!!!  There should be no need
        to do this again and again, PL_reglastparen should take care of
        this!  --ilya*/
@@ -2019,6 +2068,11 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
     I32 firstcp = PL_savestack_ix;
 #endif
     register bool do_utf8 = PL_reg_match_utf8;
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    SV *dsv0 = PERL_DEBUG_PAD_ZERO(0);
+    SV *dsv1 = PERL_DEBUG_PAD_ZERO(1);
+    SV *dsv2 = PERL_DEBUG_PAD_ZERO(2);
+#endif
 
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
     PL_regindent++;
@@ -2029,7 +2083,7 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
     scan = prog;
     while (scan != NULL) {
 
-       DEBUG_r( {
+        DEBUG_r( {
            SV *prop = sv_newmortal();
            int docolor = *PL_colors[0];
            int taill = (docolor ? 10 : 7); /* 3 chars for "> <" */
@@ -2044,33 +2098,55 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
                ? (5 + taill) - l : locinput - PL_bostr;
            int pref0_len;
 
-           while (UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*(U8*)(locinput - pref_len)))
+           while (do_utf8 && UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*(U8*)(locinput - pref_len)))
                pref_len++;
            pref0_len = pref_len  - (locinput - PL_reg_starttry);
            if (l + pref_len < (5 + taill) && l < PL_regeol - locinput)
                l = ( PL_regeol - locinput > (5 + taill) - pref_len
                      ? (5 + taill) - pref_len : PL_regeol - locinput);
-           while (UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*(U8*)(locinput + l)))
+           while (do_utf8 && UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*(U8*)(locinput + l)))
                l--;
            if (pref0_len < 0)
                pref0_len = 0;
            if (pref0_len > pref_len)
                pref0_len = pref_len;
            regprop(prop, scan);
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                         "%4"IVdf" <%s%.*s%s%s%.*s%s%s%s%.*s%s>%*s|%3"IVdf":%*s%s\n",
-                         (IV)(locinput - PL_bostr),
-                         PL_colors[4], pref0_len,
-                         locinput - pref_len, PL_colors[5],
-                         PL_colors[2], pref_len - pref0_len,
-                         locinput - pref_len + pref0_len, PL_colors[3],
-                         (docolor ? "" : "> <"),
-                         PL_colors[0], l, locinput, PL_colors[1],
-                         15 - l - pref_len + 1,
-                         "",
-                         (IV)(scan - PL_regprogram), PL_regindent*2, "",
-                         SvPVX(prop));
-       } );
+           {
+             char *s0 =
+               do_utf8 ?
+               pv_uni_display(dsv0, (U8*)(locinput - pref_len),
+                              pref0_len, 60, 0) :
+               locinput - pref_len;
+             int len0 = do_utf8 ? strlen(s0) : pref0_len;
+             char *s1 = do_utf8 ?
+               pv_uni_display(dsv1, (U8*)(locinput - pref_len + pref0_len),
+                              pref_len - pref0_len, 60, 0) :
+               locinput - pref_len + pref0_len;
+             int len1 = do_utf8 ? strlen(s1) : pref_len - pref0_len;
+             char *s2 = do_utf8 ?
+               pv_uni_display(dsv2, (U8*)locinput,
+                              PL_regeol - locinput, 60, 0) :
+               locinput;
+             int len2 = do_utf8 ? strlen(s2) : l;
+             PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                           "%4"IVdf" <%s%.*s%s%s%.*s%s%s%s%.*s%s>%*s|%3"IVdf":%*s%s\n",
+                           (IV)(locinput - PL_bostr),
+                           PL_colors[4],
+                           len0, s0,
+                           PL_colors[5],
+                           PL_colors[2],
+                           len1, s1,
+                           PL_colors[3],
+                           (docolor ? "" : "> <"),
+                           PL_colors[0],
+                           len2, s2,
+                           PL_colors[1],
+                           15 - l - pref_len + 1,
+                           "",
+                           (IV)(scan - PL_regprogram), PL_regindent*2, "",
+                           SvPVX(prop));
+           }
+       });
 
        next = scan + NEXT_OFF(scan);
        if (next == scan)
@@ -2154,31 +2230,40 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
            s = STRING(scan);
            ln = STR_LEN(scan);
            if (do_utf8 != (UTF!=0)) {
+               /* The target and the pattern have differing "utf8ness". */
                char *l = locinput;
                char *e = s + ln;
                STRLEN len;
-               if (do_utf8)
+
+               if (do_utf8) {
+                   /* The target is utf8, the pattern is not utf8. */
                    while (s < e) {
                        if (l >= PL_regeol)
-                           sayNO;
-                       if (*((U8*)s) != utf8_to_uvchr((U8*)l, &len))
-                           sayNO;
-                       s++;
+                            sayNO;
+                       if (NATIVE_TO_UNI(*(U8*)s) !=
+                           utf8_to_uvchr((U8*)l, &len))
+                            sayNO;
                        l += len;
+                       s ++;
                    }
-               else
+               }
+               else {
+                   /* The target is not utf8, the pattern is utf8. */
                    while (s < e) {
                        if (l >= PL_regeol)
                            sayNO;
-                       if (*((U8*)l) != utf8_to_uvchr((U8*)s, &len))
+                       if (NATIVE_TO_UNI(*((U8*)l)) !=
+                           utf8_to_uvchr((U8*)s, &len))
                            sayNO;
                        s += len;
-                       l++;
+                       l ++;
                    }
+               }
                locinput = l;
                nextchr = UCHARAT(locinput);
                break;
            }
+           /* The target and the pattern have the same "utf8ness". */
            /* Inline the first character, for speed. */
            if (UCHARAT(s) != nextchr)
                sayNO;
@@ -2199,17 +2284,17 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
            if (do_utf8) {
                char *l = locinput;
                char *e;
+               STRLEN ulen;
+               U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
                e = s + ln;
-               c1 = OP(scan) == EXACTF;
                while (s < e) {
-                   if (l >= PL_regeol) {
+                   if (l >= PL_regeol)
                        sayNO;
-                   }
-                   if ((UTF ? utf8n_to_uvchr((U8*)s, e - s, 0, 0) : *((U8*)s)) !=
-                       (c1 ? toLOWER_utf8((U8*)l) : toLOWER_LC_utf8((U8*)l)))
-                           sayNO;
-                   s += UTF ? UTF8SKIP(s) : 1;
-                   l += UTF8SKIP(l);
+                   toLOWER_utf8((U8*)l, tmpbuf, &ulen);
+                   if (memNE(s, (char*)tmpbuf, ulen))
+                       sayNO;
+                   s += UTF8SKIP(s);
+                   l += ulen;
                }
                locinput = l;
                nextchr = UCHARAT(locinput);
@@ -2472,23 +2557,18 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
                 * have to map both upper and title case to lower case.
                 */
                if (OP(scan) == REFF) {
+                   STRLEN ulen1, ulen2;
+                   U8 tmpbuf1[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
+                   U8 tmpbuf2[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
                    while (s < e) {
                        if (l >= PL_regeol)
                            sayNO;
-                       if (toLOWER_utf8((U8*)s) != toLOWER_utf8((U8*)l))
+                       toLOWER_utf8((U8*)s, tmpbuf1, &ulen1);
+                       toLOWER_utf8((U8*)l, tmpbuf2, &ulen2);
+                       if (ulen1 != ulen2 || memNE((char *)tmpbuf1, (char *)tmpbuf2, ulen1))
                            sayNO;
-                       s += UTF8SKIP(s);
-                       l += UTF8SKIP(l);
-                   }
-               }
-               else {
-                   while (s < e) {
-                       if (l >= PL_regeol)
-                           sayNO;
-                       if (toLOWER_LC_utf8((U8*)s) != toLOWER_LC_utf8((U8*)l))
-                           sayNO;
-                       s += UTF8SKIP(s);
-                       l += UTF8SKIP(l);
+                       s += ulen1;
+                       l += ulen2;
                    }
                }
                locinput = l;
@@ -2534,11 +2614,18 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
            PL_curpad = AvARRAY((AV*)PL_regdata->data[n + 2]);
            PL_regendp[0] = PL_reg_magic->mg_len = locinput - PL_bostr;
 
-           CALLRUNOPS(aTHX);                   /* Scalar context. */
-           SPAGAIN;
-           ret = POPs;
-           PUTBACK;
-       
+           {
+               SV **before = SP;
+               CALLRUNOPS(aTHX);                       /* Scalar context. */
+               SPAGAIN;
+               if (SP == before)
+                   ret = Nullsv;   /* protect against empty (?{}) blocks. */
+               else {
+                   ret = POPs;
+                   PUTBACK;
+               }
+           }
+
            PL_op = oop;
            PL_curpad = ocurpad;
            PL_curcop = ocurcop;
@@ -3052,20 +3139,32 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
                if (ln && l == 0)
                    n = ln;     /* don't backtrack */
                locinput = PL_reginput;
-               if (NEAR_EXACT(next)) {
+               if (HAS_TEXT(next) || JUMPABLE(next)) {
                    regnode *text_node = next;
 
-                   if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(next)] != EXACT)
-                       NEXT_IMPT(text_node);
+                   if (! HAS_TEXT(text_node)) FIND_NEXT_IMPT(text_node);
 
-                   if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(text_node)] != EXACT) {
-                       c1 = c2 = -1000;
-                   }
+                   if (! HAS_TEXT(text_node)) c1 = c2 = -1000;
                    else {
-                       c1 = (U8)*STRING(text_node);
-                       if (OP(next) == EXACTF)
+                       if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(text_node)] == REF) {
+                           I32 n, ln;
+                           n = ARG(text_node);  /* which paren pair */
+                           ln = PL_regstartp[n];
+                           /* assume yes if we haven't seen CLOSEn */
+                           if (
+                               *PL_reglastparen < n ||
+                               ln == -1 ||
+                               ln == PL_regendp[n]
+                           ) {
+                               c1 = c2 = -1000;
+                               goto assume_ok_MM;
+                           }
+                           c1 = *(PL_bostr + ln);
+                       }
+                       else { c1 = (U8)*STRING(text_node); }
+                       if (OP(text_node) == EXACTF || OP(text_node) == REFF)
                            c2 = PL_fold[c1];
-                       else if (OP(text_node) == EXACTFL)
+                       else if (OP(text_node) == EXACTFL || OP(text_node) == REFFL)
                            c2 = PL_fold_locale[c1];
                        else
                            c2 = c1;
@@ -3073,6 +3172,7 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
                }
                else
                    c1 = c2 = -1000;
+           assume_ok_MM:
                REGCP_SET(lastcp);
                /* This may be improved if l == 0.  */
                while (n >= ln || (n == REG_INFTY && ln > 0 && l)) { /* ln overflow ? */
@@ -3121,20 +3221,33 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
                                  (IV) n, (IV)l)
                    );
                if (n >= ln) {
-                   if (NEAR_EXACT(next)) {
+                   if (HAS_TEXT(next) || JUMPABLE(next)) {
                        regnode *text_node = next;
 
-                       if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(next)] != EXACT)
-                           NEXT_IMPT(text_node);
+                       if (! HAS_TEXT(text_node)) FIND_NEXT_IMPT(text_node);
 
-                       if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(text_node)] != EXACT) {
-                           c1 = c2 = -1000;
-                       }
+                       if (! HAS_TEXT(text_node)) c1 = c2 = -1000;
                        else {
-                           c1 = (U8)*STRING(text_node);
-                           if (OP(text_node) == EXACTF)
+                           if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(text_node)] == REF) {
+                               I32 n, ln;
+                               n = ARG(text_node);  /* which paren pair */
+                               ln = PL_regstartp[n];
+                               /* assume yes if we haven't seen CLOSEn */
+                               if (
+                                   *PL_reglastparen < n ||
+                                   ln == -1 ||
+                                   ln == PL_regendp[n]
+                               ) {
+                                   c1 = c2 = -1000;
+                                   goto assume_ok_REG;
+                               }
+                               c1 = *(PL_bostr + ln);
+                           }
+                           else { c1 = (U8)*STRING(text_node); }
+
+                           if (OP(text_node) == EXACTF || OP(text_node) == REFF)
                                c2 = PL_fold[c1];
-                           else if (OP(text_node) == EXACTFL)
+                           else if (OP(text_node) == EXACTFL || OP(text_node) == REFFL)
                                c2 = PL_fold_locale[c1];
                            else
                                c2 = c1;
@@ -3143,6 +3256,7 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
                    else
                        c1 = c2 = -1000;
                }
+           assume_ok_REG:
                REGCP_SET(lastcp);
                while (n >= ln) {
                    /* If it could work, try it. */
@@ -3215,30 +3329,49 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
            * of the quantifier and the EXACT-like node.  -- japhy
            */
 
-           if (NEAR_EXACT(next)) {
+           if (HAS_TEXT(next) || JUMPABLE(next)) {
                U8 *s;
                regnode *text_node = next;
 
-               if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(next)] != EXACT)
-                   NEXT_IMPT(text_node);
+               if (! HAS_TEXT(text_node)) FIND_NEXT_IMPT(text_node);
 
-               if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(text_node)] != EXACT) {
-                   c1 = c2 = -1000;
-               }
+               if (! HAS_TEXT(text_node)) c1 = c2 = -1000;
                else {
-                   s = (U8*)STRING(text_node);
+                   if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(text_node)] == REF) {
+                       I32 n, ln;
+                       n = ARG(text_node);  /* which paren pair */
+                       ln = PL_regstartp[n];
+                       /* assume yes if we haven't seen CLOSEn */
+                       if (
+                           *PL_reglastparen < n ||
+                           ln == -1 ||
+                           ln == PL_regendp[n]
+                       ) {
+                           c1 = c2 = -1000;
+                           goto assume_ok_easy;
+                       }
+                       s = (U8*)PL_bostr + ln;
+                   }
+                   else { s = (U8*)STRING(text_node); }
 
                    if (!UTF) {
                        c2 = c1 = *s;
-                       if (OP(text_node) == EXACTF)
+                       if (OP(text_node) == EXACTF || OP(text_node) == REFF)
                            c2 = PL_fold[c1];
-                       else if (OP(text_node) == EXACTFL)
+                       else if (OP(text_node) == EXACTFL || OP(text_node) == REFFL)
                            c2 = PL_fold_locale[c1];
                    }
                    else { /* UTF */
-                       if (OP(text_node) == EXACTF) {
-                           c1 = to_utf8_lower(s);
-                           c2 = to_utf8_upper(s);
+                       if (OP(text_node) == EXACTF || OP(text_node) == REFF) {
+                            STRLEN ulen1, ulen2;
+                            U8 tmpbuf1[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
+                            U8 tmpbuf2[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
+
+                            to_utf8_lower((U8*)s, tmpbuf1, &ulen1);
+                            to_utf8_upper((U8*)s, tmpbuf2, &ulen2);
+
+                            c1 = utf8_to_uvuni(tmpbuf1, 0);
+                            c2 = utf8_to_uvuni(tmpbuf2, 0);
                        }
                        else {
                            c2 = c1 = utf8_to_uvchr(s, NULL);
@@ -3248,6 +3381,7 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
            }
            else
                c1 = c2 = -1000;
+       assume_ok_easy:
            PL_reginput = locinput;
            if (minmod) {
                CHECKPOINT lastcp;
@@ -3282,12 +3416,13 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
                        /* Find place 'next' could work */
                        if (!do_utf8) {
                            if (c1 == c2) {
-                               while (locinput <= e && (U8) *locinput != (U8) c1)
+                               while (locinput <= e &&
+                                      UCHARAT(locinput) != c1)
                                    locinput++;
                            } else {
                                while (locinput <= e
-                                      && *locinput != c1
-                                      && *locinput != c2)
+                                      && UCHARAT(locinput) != c1
+                                      && UCHARAT(locinput) != c2)
                                    locinput++;
                            }
                            count = locinput - old;
@@ -3974,14 +4109,10 @@ S_reginclass(pTHX_ register regnode *n, register U8* p, register bool do_utf8)
                if (swash_fetch(sw, p, do_utf8))
                    match = TRUE;
                else if (flags & ANYOF_FOLD) {
-                   U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
-               
-                   if (flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) {
-                       PL_reg_flags |= RF_tainted;
-                       uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, toLOWER_LC_utf8(p));
-                   }
-                   else
-                       uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, toLOWER_utf8(p));
+                   STRLEN ulen;
+                   U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
+
+                   toLOWER_utf8(p, tmpbuf, &ulen);
                    if (swash_fetch(sw, tmpbuf, do_utf8))
                        match = TRUE;
                }