nailed "our" declarations, and better warnings on duplicate
[p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git] / regcomp.c
index 90f678d..90500a4 100644 (file)
--- a/regcomp.c
+++ b/regcomp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+/*    regcomp.c
+ */
+
+/*
+ * "A fair jaw-cracker dwarf-language must be."  --Samwise Gamgee
+ */
+
 /* NOTE: this is derived from Henry Spencer's regexp code, and should not
  * confused with the original package (see point 3 below).  Thanks, Henry!
  */
  * blame Henry for some of the lack of readability.
  */
 
-/* $RCSfile: regcomp.c,v $$Revision: 4.1 $$Date: 92/08/07 18:26:28 $
- *
- * $Log:       regcomp.c,v $
- * Revision 4.1  92/08/07  18:26:28  lwall
- * 
- * Revision 4.0.1.5  92/06/08  15:23:36  lwall
- * patch20: Perl now distinguishes overlapped copies from non-overlapped
- * patch20: /^stuff/ wrongly assumed an implicit $* == 1
- * patch20: /x{0}/ was wrongly interpreted as /x{0,}/
- * patch20: added \W, \S and \D inside /[...]/
- * 
- * Revision 4.0.1.4  91/11/05  22:55:14  lwall
- * patch11: Erratum
- * 
- * Revision 4.0.1.3  91/11/05  18:22:28  lwall
- * patch11: minimum match length calculation in regexp is now cumulative
- * patch11: initial .* in pattern had dependency on value of $*
- * patch11: certain patterns made use of garbage pointers from uncleared memory
- * patch11: prepared for ctype implementations that don't define isascii()
- * 
- * Revision 4.0.1.2  91/06/07  11:48:24  lwall
- * patch4: new copyright notice
- * patch4: /(x+) \1/ incorrectly optimized to not match "xxx xx"
- * patch4: // wouldn't use previous pattern if it started with a null character
- * 
- * Revision 4.0.1.1  91/04/12  09:04:45  lwall
- * patch1: random cleanup in cpp namespace
- * 
- * Revision 4.0  91/03/20  01:39:01  lwall
- * 4.0 baseline.
- * 
- */
+/* The names of the functions have been changed from regcomp and
+ * regexec to  pregcomp and pregexec in order to avoid conflicts
+ * with the POSIX routines of the same names.
+*/
+
+#ifdef PERL_EXT_RE_BUILD
+/* need to replace pregcomp et al, so enable that */
+#  ifndef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
+#    define PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
+#  endif
+/* need access to debugger hooks */
+#  if defined(PERL_EXT_RE_DEBUG) && !defined(DEBUGGING)
+#    define DEBUGGING
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
+/* We *really* need to overwrite these symbols: */
+#  define Perl_pregcomp my_regcomp
+#  define Perl_regdump my_regdump
+#  define Perl_regprop my_regprop
+#  define Perl_pregfree my_regfree
+#  define Perl_re_intuit_string my_re_intuit_string
+/* *These* symbols are masked to allow static link. */
+#  define Perl_regnext my_regnext
+#  define Perl_save_re_context my_save_re_context
+#  define Perl_reginitcolors my_reginitcolors 
+
+#  define PERL_NO_GET_CONTEXT
+#endif 
+
 /*SUPPRESS 112*/
 /*
- * regcomp and regexec -- regsub and regerror are not used in perl
+ * pregcomp and pregexec -- regsub and regerror are not used in perl
  *
  *     Copyright (c) 1986 by University of Toronto.
  *     Written by Henry Spencer.  Not derived from licensed software.
@@ -63,7 +69,7 @@
  *
  ****    Alterations to Henry's code are...
  ****
- ****    Copyright (c) 1991, Larry Wall
+ ****    Copyright (c) 1991-1999, Larry Wall
  ****
  ****    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
  ****    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
  * regular-expression syntax might require a total rethink.
  */
 #include "EXTERN.h"
+#define PERL_IN_REGCOMP_C
 #include "perl.h"
-#include "INTERN.h"
+
+#ifdef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
+#  if defined(PERL_CAPI) || defined(PERL_OBJECT)
+#    include "XSUB.h"
+#  endif
+#else
+#  include "INTERN.h"
+#endif
+
+#define REG_COMP_C
 #include "regcomp.h"
 
+#ifdef op
+#undef op
+#endif /* op */
+
 #ifdef MSDOS
 # if defined(BUGGY_MSC6)
  /* MSC 6.00A breaks on op/regexp.t test 85 unless we turn this off */
 /*
  * Flags to be passed up and down.
  */
-#define        HASWIDTH        01      /* Known never to match null string. */
-#define        SIMPLE          02      /* Simple enough to be STAR/PLUS operand. */
-#define        SPSTART         04      /* Starts with * or +. */
 #define        WORST           0       /* Worst case. */
+#define        HASWIDTH        0x1     /* Known to match non-null strings. */
+#define        SIMPLE          0x2     /* Simple enough to be STAR/PLUS operand. */
+#define        SPSTART         0x4     /* Starts with * or +. */
+#define TRYAGAIN       0x8     /* Weeded out a declaration. */
 
-/*
- * Forward declarations for regcomp()'s friends.
- */
-STATIC I32 regcurly();
-STATIC char *reg();
-STATIC char *regbranch();
-STATIC char *regpiece();
-STATIC char *regatom();
-STATIC char *regclass();
-STATIC char *regnode();
-STATIC char *reganode();
-STATIC void regc();
-STATIC void reginsert();
-STATIC void regtail();
-STATIC void regoptail();
+/* Length of a variant. */
+
+typedef struct scan_data_t {
+    I32 len_min;
+    I32 len_delta;
+    I32 pos_min;
+    I32 pos_delta;
+    SV *last_found;
+    I32 last_end;                      /* min value, <0 unless valid. */
+    I32 last_start_min;
+    I32 last_start_max;
+    SV **longest;                      /* Either &l_fixed, or &l_float. */
+    SV *longest_fixed;
+    I32 offset_fixed;
+    SV *longest_float;
+    I32 offset_float_min;
+    I32 offset_float_max;
+    I32 flags;
+    I32 whilem_c;
+    struct regnode_charclass_class *start_class;
+} scan_data_t;
 
 /*
- - regcomp - compile a regular expression into internal code
- *
- * We can't allocate space until we know how big the compiled form will be,
- * but we can't compile it (and thus know how big it is) until we've got a
- * place to put the code.  So we cheat:  we compile it twice, once with code
- * generation turned off and size counting turned on, and once "for real".
- * This also means that we don't allocate space until we are sure that the
- * thing really will compile successfully, and we never have to move the
- * code and thus invalidate pointers into it.  (Note that it has to be in
- * one piece because free() must be able to free it all.) [NB: not true in perl]
- *
- * Beware that the optimization-preparation code in here knows about some
- * of the structure of the compiled regexp.  [I'll say.]
+ * Forward declarations for pregcomp()'s friends.
  */
-regexp *
-regcomp(exp,xend,fold)
-char *exp;
-char *xend;
-I32 fold;
-{
-       register regexp *r;
-       register char *scan;
-       register SV *longish;
-       SV *longest;
-       register I32 len;
-       register char *first;
-       I32 flags;
-       I32 backish;
-       I32 backest;
-       I32 curback;
-       I32 minlen;
-       I32 sawplus = 0;
-       I32 sawopen = 0;
-
-       if (exp == NULL)
-               croak("NULL regexp argument");
-
-       /* First pass: determine size, legality. */
-       regfold = fold;
-       regparse = exp;
-       regxend = xend;
-       regprecomp = nsavestr(exp,xend-exp);
-       regsawbracket = 0;
-       regsawback = 0;
-       regnpar = 1;
-       regsize = 0L;
-       regcode = &regdummy;
-       regc((char)MAGIC);
-       if (reg(0, &flags) == NULL) {
-               Safefree(regprecomp);
-               regprecomp = Nullch;
-               return(NULL);
-       }
 
-       /* Small enough for pointer-storage convention? */
-       if (regsize >= 32767L)          /* Probably could be 65535L. */
-               FAIL("regexp too big");
-
-       /* Allocate space. */
-       Newc(1001, r, sizeof(regexp) + (unsigned)regsize, char, regexp);
-       if (r == NULL)
-               FAIL("regexp out of space");
-
-       /* Second pass: emit code. */
-       if (regsawbracket)
-           Copy(regprecomp,exp,xend-exp,char);
-       r->prelen = xend-exp;
-       r->precomp = regprecomp;
-       r->subbeg = r->subbase = NULL;
-       regparse = exp;
-       regnpar = 1;
-       regcode = r->program;
-       regc((char)MAGIC);
-       if (reg(0, &flags) == NULL)
-               return(NULL);
+static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+                                     0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
 
-       /* Dig out information for optimizations. */
-       r->regstart = Nullsv;   /* Worst-case defaults. */
-       r->reganch = 0;
-       r->regmust = Nullsv;
-       r->regback = -1;
-       r->regstclass = Nullch;
-       scan = r->program+1;                    /* First BRANCH. */
-       if (OP(regnext(scan)) == END) {/* Only one top-level choice. */
-               scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
+#define SF_BEFORE_EOL          (SF_BEFORE_SEOL|SF_BEFORE_MEOL)
+#define SF_BEFORE_SEOL         0x1
+#define SF_BEFORE_MEOL         0x2
+#define SF_FIX_BEFORE_EOL      (SF_FIX_BEFORE_SEOL|SF_FIX_BEFORE_MEOL)
+#define SF_FL_BEFORE_EOL       (SF_FL_BEFORE_SEOL|SF_FL_BEFORE_MEOL)
 
-               first = scan;
-               while ((OP(first) == OPEN && (sawopen = 1)) ||
-                   (OP(first) == BRANCH && OP(regnext(first)) != BRANCH) ||
-                   (OP(first) == PLUS) ||
-                   (OP(first) == CURLY && ARG1(first) > 0) ) {
-                       if (OP(first) == PLUS)
-                           sawplus = 1;
-                       else
-                           first += regarglen[OP(first)];
-                       first = NEXTOPER(first);
-               }
+#ifdef NO_UNARY_PLUS
+#  define SF_FIX_SHIFT_EOL     (0+2)
+#  define SF_FL_SHIFT_EOL              (0+4)
+#else
+#  define SF_FIX_SHIFT_EOL     (+2)
+#  define SF_FL_SHIFT_EOL              (+4)
+#endif
 
-               /* Starting-point info. */
-           again:
-               if (OP(first) == EXACTLY) {
-                       r->regstart =
-                           newSVpv(OPERAND(first)+1,*OPERAND(first));
-                       if (SvCUR(r->regstart) > !(sawstudy|fold))
-                               fbm_compile(r->regstart,fold);
-                       else
-                               sv_upgrade(r->regstart, SVt_PVBM);
-               }
-               else if ((exp = strchr(simple,OP(first))) && exp > simple)
-                       r->regstclass = first;
-               else if (OP(first) == BOUND || OP(first) == NBOUND)
-                       r->regstclass = first;
-               else if (OP(first) == BOL) {
-                       r->reganch = ROPT_ANCH;
-                       first = NEXTOPER(first);
-                       goto again;
-               }
-               else if ((OP(first) == STAR && OP(NEXTOPER(first)) == ANY) &&
-                        !(r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH) ) {
-                       /* turn .* into ^.* with an implied $*=1 */
-                       r->reganch = ROPT_ANCH | ROPT_IMPLICIT;
-                       first = NEXTOPER(first);
-                       goto again;
-               }
-               if (sawplus && (!sawopen || !regsawback))
-                   r->reganch |= ROPT_SKIP;    /* x+ must match 1st of run */
-
-               DEBUG_r(fprintf(stderr,"first %d next %d offset %d\n",
-                     OP(first), OP(NEXTOPER(first)), first - scan));
-               /*
-                * If there's something expensive in the r.e., find the
-                * longest literal string that must appear and make it the
-                * regmust.  Resolve ties in favor of later strings, since
-                * the regstart check works with the beginning of the r.e.
-                * and avoiding duplication strengthens checking.  Not a
-                * strong reason, but sufficient in the absence of others.
-                * [Now we resolve ties in favor of the earlier string if
-                * it happens that curback has been invalidated, since the
-                * earlier string may buy us something the later one won't.]
-                */
-               longish = newSVpv("",0);
-               longest = newSVpv("",0);
-               len = 0;
-               minlen = 0;
-               curback = 0;
-               backish = 0;
-               backest = 0;
-               while (OP(scan) != END) {
-                       if (OP(scan) == BRANCH) {
-                           if (OP(regnext(scan)) == BRANCH) {
-                               curback = -30000;
-                               while (OP(scan) == BRANCH)
-                                   scan = regnext(scan);
-                           }
-                           else        /* single branch is ok */
-                               scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
-                       }
-                       if (OP(scan) == EXACTLY) {
-                           char *t;
-
-                           first = scan;
-                           while (OP(t = regnext(scan)) == CLOSE)
-                               scan = t;
-                           minlen += *OPERAND(first);
-                           if (curback - backish == len) {
-                               sv_catpvn(longish, OPERAND(first)+1,
-                                   *OPERAND(first));
-                               len += *OPERAND(first);
-                               curback += *OPERAND(first);
-                               first = regnext(scan);
-                           }
-                           else if (*OPERAND(first) >= len + (curback >= 0)) {
-                               len = *OPERAND(first);
-                               sv_setpvn(longish, OPERAND(first)+1,len);
-                               backish = curback;
-                               curback += len;
-                               first = regnext(scan);
-                           }
-                           else
-                               curback += *OPERAND(first);
-                       }
-                       else if (strchr(varies,OP(scan))) {
-                           curback = -30000;
-                           len = 0;
-                           if (SvCUR(longish) > SvCUR(longest)) {
-                               sv_setsv(longest,longish);
-                               backest = backish;
-                           }
-                           sv_setpvn(longish,"",0);
-                           if (OP(scan) == PLUS &&
-                             strchr(simple,OP(NEXTOPER(scan))))
-                               minlen++;
-                           else if (OP(scan) == CURLY &&
-                             strchr(simple,OP(NEXTOPER(scan)+4)))
-                               minlen += ARG1(scan);
-                       }
-                       else if (strchr(simple,OP(scan))) {
-                           curback++;
-                           minlen++;
-                           len = 0;
-                           if (SvCUR(longish) > SvCUR(longest)) {
-                               sv_setsv(longest,longish);
-                               backest = backish;
-                           }
-                           sv_setpvn(longish,"",0);
-                       }
-                       scan = regnext(scan);
-               }
+#define SF_FIX_BEFORE_SEOL     (SF_BEFORE_SEOL << SF_FIX_SHIFT_EOL)
+#define SF_FIX_BEFORE_MEOL     (SF_BEFORE_MEOL << SF_FIX_SHIFT_EOL)
 
-               /* Prefer earlier on tie, unless we can tail match latter */
+#define SF_FL_BEFORE_SEOL      (SF_BEFORE_SEOL << SF_FL_SHIFT_EOL)
+#define SF_FL_BEFORE_MEOL      (SF_BEFORE_MEOL << SF_FL_SHIFT_EOL) /* 0x20 */
+#define SF_IS_INF              0x40
+#define SF_HAS_PAR             0x80
+#define SF_IN_PAR              0x100
+#define SF_HAS_EVAL            0x200
+#define SCF_DO_SUBSTR          0x400
+#define SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND     0x0800
+#define SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR      0x1000
+#define SCF_DO_STCLASS         (SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND|SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
 
-               if (SvCUR(longish) + (OP(first) == EOL) > SvCUR(longest)) {
-                   sv_setsv(longest,longish);
-                   backest = backish;
-               }
-               else
-                   sv_setpvn(longish,"",0);
-               if (SvCUR(longest)
-                   &&
-                   (!r->regstart
-                    ||
-                    !fbm_instr((unsigned char*) SvPVX(r->regstart),
-                         (unsigned char *) SvPVX(r->regstart)
-                           + SvCUR(r->regstart),
-                         longest)
-                   )
-                  )
-               {
-                       r->regmust = longest;
-                       if (backest < 0)
-                               backest = -1;
-                       r->regback = backest;
-                       if (SvCUR(longest)
-                         > !(sawstudy || fold || OP(first) == EOL) )
-                               fbm_compile(r->regmust,fold);
-                       SvUPGRADE(r->regmust, SVt_PVBM);
-                       BmUSEFUL(r->regmust) = 100;
-                       if (OP(first) == EOL && SvCUR(longish))
-                           SvTAIL_on(r->regmust);
-               }
-               else {
-                       SvREFCNT_dec(longest);
-                       longest = Nullsv;
-               }
-               SvREFCNT_dec(longish);
+#define RF_utf8                8
+#define UTF (PL_reg_flags & RF_utf8)
+#define LOC (PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE)
+#define FOLD (PL_regflags & PMf_FOLD)
+
+#define OOB_CHAR8              1234
+#define OOB_UTF8               123456
+#define OOB_NAMEDCLASS         -1
+
+#define CHR_SVLEN(sv) (UTF ? sv_len_utf8(sv) : SvCUR(sv))
+#define CHR_DIST(a,b) (UTF ? utf8_distance(a,b) : a - b)
+
+/* Allow for side effects in s */
+#define REGC(c,s) STMT_START { if (!SIZE_ONLY) *(s) = (c); else (s);} STMT_END
+
+static void clear_re(pTHXo_ void *r);
+
+/* Mark that we cannot extend a found fixed substring at this point.
+   Updata the longest found anchored substring and the longest found
+   floating substrings if needed. */
+
+STATIC void
+S_scan_commit(pTHX_ scan_data_t *data)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    STRLEN l = CHR_SVLEN(data->last_found);
+    STRLEN old_l = CHR_SVLEN(*data->longest);
+    
+    if ((l >= old_l) && ((l > old_l) || (data->flags & SF_BEFORE_EOL))) {
+       sv_setsv(*data->longest, data->last_found);
+       if (*data->longest == data->longest_fixed) {
+           data->offset_fixed = l ? data->last_start_min : data->pos_min;
+           if (data->flags & SF_BEFORE_EOL)
+               data->flags 
+                   |= ((data->flags & SF_BEFORE_EOL) << SF_FIX_SHIFT_EOL);
+           else
+               data->flags &= ~SF_FIX_BEFORE_EOL;
+       }
+       else {
+           data->offset_float_min = l ? data->last_start_min : data->pos_min;
+           data->offset_float_max = (l 
+                                     ? data->last_start_max 
+                                     : data->pos_min + data->pos_delta);
+           if (data->flags & SF_BEFORE_EOL)
+               data->flags 
+                   |= ((data->flags & SF_BEFORE_EOL) << SF_FL_SHIFT_EOL);
+           else
+               data->flags &= ~SF_FL_BEFORE_EOL;
        }
+    }
+    SvCUR_set(data->last_found, 0);
+    data->last_end = -1;
+    data->flags &= ~SF_BEFORE_EOL;
+}
+
+/* Can match anything (initialization) */
+STATIC void
+S_cl_anything(pTHX_ struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
+{
+    int value;
 
-       r->do_folding = fold;
-       r->nparens = regnpar - 1;
-       r->minlen = minlen;
-       Newz(1002, r->startp, regnpar, char*);
-       Newz(1002, r->endp, regnpar, char*);
-       DEBUG_r(regdump(r));
-       return(r);
+    ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(cl);
+    for (value = 0; value < 256; ++value)
+       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(cl, value);
+    cl->flags = ANYOF_EOS;
+    if (LOC)
+       cl->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
 }
 
-/*
- - reg - regular expression, i.e. main body or parenthesized thing
- *
- * Caller must absorb opening parenthesis.
- *
- * Combining parenthesis handling with the base level of regular expression
- * is a trifle forced, but the need to tie the tails of the branches to what
- * follows makes it hard to avoid.
- */
-static char *
-reg(paren, flagp)
-I32 paren;                     /* Parenthesized? */
-I32 *flagp;
+/* Can match anything (initialization) */
+STATIC int
+S_cl_is_anything(pTHX_ struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
 {
-       register char *ret;
-       register char *br;
-       register char *ender;
-       register I32 parno;
-       I32 flags;
-
-       *flagp = HASWIDTH;      /* Tentatively. */
-
-       /* Make an OPEN node, if parenthesized. */
-       if (paren) {
-               parno = regnpar;
-               regnpar++;
-               ret = reganode(OPEN, parno);
-       } else
-               ret = NULL;
-
-       /* Pick up the branches, linking them together. */
-       br = regbranch(&flags);
-       if (br == NULL)
-               return(NULL);
-       if (ret != NULL)
-               regtail(ret, br);       /* OPEN -> first. */
-       else
-               ret = br;
-       if (!(flags&HASWIDTH))
-               *flagp &= ~HASWIDTH;
-       *flagp |= flags&SPSTART;
-       while (*regparse == '|') {
-               regparse++;
-               br = regbranch(&flags);
-               if (br == NULL)
-                       return(NULL);
-               regtail(ret, br);       /* BRANCH -> BRANCH. */
-               if (!(flags&HASWIDTH))
-                       *flagp &= ~HASWIDTH;
-               *flagp |= flags&SPSTART;
-       }
+    int value;
 
-       /* Make a closing node, and hook it on the end. */
-       if (paren)
-           ender = reganode(CLOSE, parno);
-       else
-           ender = regnode(END);
-       regtail(ret, ender);
+    for (value = 0; value < ANYOF_MAX; value += 2)
+       if (ANYOF_CLASS_TEST(cl, value) && ANYOF_CLASS_TEST(cl, value + 1))
+           return 1;
+    for (value = 0; value < 256; ++value)
+       if (!ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(cl, value))
+           return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
 
-       /* Hook the tails of the branches to the closing node. */
-       for (br = ret; br != NULL; br = regnext(br))
-               regoptail(br, ender);
+/* Can match anything (initialization) */
+STATIC void
+S_cl_init(pTHX_ struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
+{
+    cl->type = ANYOF;
+    cl_anything(cl);
+}
 
-       /* Check for proper termination. */
-       if (paren && *regparse++ != ')') {
-               FAIL("unmatched () in regexp");
-       } else if (!paren && regparse < regxend) {
-               if (*regparse == ')') {
-                       FAIL("unmatched () in regexp");
-               } else
-                       FAIL("junk on end of regexp");  /* "Can't happen". */
-               /* NOTREACHED */
-       }
+STATIC void
+S_cl_init_zero(pTHX_ struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
+{
+    cl->type = ANYOF;
+    cl_anything(cl);
+    ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(cl);
+    ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(cl);
+    if (LOC)
+       cl->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+}
 
-       return(ret);
+/* 'And' a given class with another one.  Can create false positives */
+/* We assume that cl is not inverted */
+STATIC void
+S_cl_and(pTHX_ struct regnode_charclass_class *cl,
+        struct regnode_charclass_class *and_with)
+{
+    int value;
+
+    if (!(and_with->flags & ANYOF_CLASS)
+       && !(cl->flags & ANYOF_CLASS)
+       && (and_with->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) == (cl->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+       && !(and_with->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)
+       && !(cl->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)) {
+       int i;
+
+       if (and_with->flags & ANYOF_INVERT)
+           for (i = 0; i < ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE; i++)
+               cl->bitmap[i] &= ~and_with->bitmap[i];
+       else
+           for (i = 0; i < ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE; i++)
+               cl->bitmap[i] &= and_with->bitmap[i];
+    } /* XXXX: logic is complicated otherwise, leave it along for a moment. */
+    if (!(and_with->flags & ANYOF_EOS))
+       cl->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
 }
 
-/*
- - regbranch - one alternative of an | operator
- *
- * Implements the concatenation operator.
- */
-static char *
-regbranch(flagp)
-I32 *flagp;
+/* 'OR' a given class with another one.  Can create false positives */
+/* We assume that cl is not inverted */
+STATIC void
+S_cl_or(pTHX_ struct regnode_charclass_class *cl, struct regnode_charclass_class *or_with)
 {
-       register char *ret;
-       register char *chain;
-       register char *latest;
-       I32 flags;
-
-       *flagp = WORST;         /* Tentatively. */
-
-       ret = regnode(BRANCH);
-       chain = NULL;
-       while (regparse < regxend && *regparse != '|' && *regparse != ')') {
-               latest = regpiece(&flags);
-               if (latest == NULL)
-                       return(NULL);
-               *flagp |= flags&HASWIDTH;
-               if (chain == NULL)      /* First piece. */
-                       *flagp |= flags&SPSTART;
-               else
-                       regtail(chain, latest);
-               chain = latest;
+    int value;
+
+    if (or_with->flags & ANYOF_INVERT) {
+       /* We do not use
+        * (B1 | CL1) | (!B2 & !CL2) = (B1 | !B2 & !CL2) | (CL1 | (!B2 & !CL2))
+        *   <= (B1 | !B2) | (CL1 | !CL2)
+        * which is wasteful if CL2 is small, but we ignore CL2:
+        *   (B1 | CL1) | (!B2 & !CL2) <= (B1 | CL1) | !B2 = (B1 | !B2) | CL1
+        * XXXX Can we handle case-fold?  Unclear:
+        *   (OK1(i) | OK1(i')) | !(OK1(i) | OK1(i')) =
+        *   (OK1(i) | OK1(i')) | (!OK1(i) & !OK1(i'))
+        */
+       if ( (or_with->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) == (cl->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+            && !(or_with->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)
+            && !(cl->flags & ANYOF_FOLD) ) {
+           int i;
+
+           for (i = 0; i < ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE; i++)
+               cl->bitmap[i] |= ~or_with->bitmap[i];
+       } /* XXXX: logic is complicated otherwise */
+       else {
+           cl_anything(cl);
        }
-       if (chain == NULL)      /* Loop ran zero times. */
-               (void) regnode(NOTHING);
+    } else {
+       /* (B1 | CL1) | (B2 | CL2) = (B1 | B2) | (CL1 | CL2)) */
+       if ( (or_with->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) == (cl->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+            && (!(or_with->flags & ANYOF_FOLD) 
+                || (cl->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)) ) {
+           int i;
 
-       return(ret);
+           /* OR char bitmap and class bitmap separately */
+           for (i = 0; i < ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE; i++)
+               cl->bitmap[i] |= or_with->bitmap[i];
+           if (or_with->flags & ANYOF_CLASS) {
+               for (i = 0; i < ANYOF_CLASSBITMAP_SIZE; i++)
+                   cl->classflags[i] |= or_with->classflags[i];
+               cl->flags |= ANYOF_CLASS;
+           }
+       }
+       else { /* XXXX: logic is complicated, leave it along for a moment. */
+           cl_anything(cl);
+       }
+    }
+    if (or_with->flags & ANYOF_EOS)
+       cl->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
 }
 
-/*
- - regpiece - something followed by possible [*+?]
- *
- * Note that the branching code sequences used for ? and the general cases
- * of * and + are somewhat optimized:  they use the same NOTHING node as
- * both the endmarker for their branch list and the body of the last branch.
- * It might seem that this node could be dispensed with entirely, but the
- * endmarker role is not redundant.
- */
-static char *
-regpiece(flagp)
-I32 *flagp;
+/* REx optimizer.  Converts nodes into quickier variants "in place".
+   Finds fixed substrings.  */
+
+/* Stops at toplevel WHILEM as well as at `last'. At end *scanp is set
+   to the position after last scanned or to NULL. */
+
+STATIC I32
+S_study_chunk(pTHX_ regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32 flags)
+                       /* scanp: Start here (read-write). */
+                       /* deltap: Write maxlen-minlen here. */
+                       /* last: Stop before this one. */
 {
-       register char *ret;
-       register char op;
-       register char *next;
-       I32 flags;
-       char *origparse = regparse;
-       I32 orignpar = regnpar;
-       char *max;
-       I32 iter;
-       char ch;
-
-       ret = regatom(&flags);
-       if (ret == NULL)
-               return(NULL);
+    dTHR;
+    I32 min = 0, pars = 0, code;
+    regnode *scan = *scanp, *next;
+    I32 delta = 0;
+    int is_inf = (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) && (data->flags & SF_IS_INF);
+    int is_inf_internal = 0;           /* The studied chunk is infinite */
+    I32 is_par = OP(scan) == OPEN ? ARG(scan) : 0;
+    scan_data_t data_fake;
+    struct regnode_charclass_class and_with; /* Valid if flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR */
+    
+    while (scan && OP(scan) != END && scan < last) {
+       /* Peephole optimizer: */
 
-       op = *regparse;
+       if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)] == EXACT) {
+           /* Merge several consecutive EXACTish nodes into one. */
+           regnode *n = regnext(scan);
+           U32 stringok = 1;
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+           regnode *stop = scan;
+#endif 
 
-       /* Here's a total kludge: if after the atom there's a {\d+,?\d*}
-        * then we decrement the first number by one and reset our
-        * parsing back to the beginning of the same atom.  If the first number
-        * is down to 0, decrement the second number instead and fake up
-        * a ? after it.  Given the way this compiler doesn't keep track
-        * of offsets on the first pass, this is the only way to replicate
-        * a piece of code.  Sigh.
-        */
-       if (op == '{' && regcurly(regparse)) {
-           next = regparse + 1;
-           max = Nullch;
-           while (isDIGIT(*next) || *next == ',') {
-               if (*next == ',') {
-                   if (max)
+           next = scan + NODE_SZ_STR(scan);
+           /* Skip NOTHING, merge EXACT*. */
+           while (n &&
+                  ( PL_regkind[(U8)OP(n)] == NOTHING || 
+                    (stringok && (OP(n) == OP(scan))))
+                  && NEXT_OFF(n)
+                  && NEXT_OFF(scan) + NEXT_OFF(n) < I16_MAX) {
+               if (OP(n) == TAIL || n > next)
+                   stringok = 0;
+               if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(n)] == NOTHING) {
+                   NEXT_OFF(scan) += NEXT_OFF(n);
+                   next = n + NODE_STEP_REGNODE;
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+                   if (stringok)
+                       stop = n;
+#endif 
+                   n = regnext(n);
+               }
+               else {
+                   int oldl = STR_LEN(scan);
+                   regnode *nnext = regnext(n);
+                   
+                   if (oldl + STR_LEN(n) > U8_MAX) 
                        break;
-                   else
-                       max = next;
+                   NEXT_OFF(scan) += NEXT_OFF(n);
+                   STR_LEN(scan) += STR_LEN(n);
+                   next = n + NODE_SZ_STR(n);
+                   /* Now we can overwrite *n : */
+                   Move(STRING(n), STRING(scan) + oldl,
+                        STR_LEN(n), char);
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+                   if (stringok)
+                       stop = next - 1;
+#endif 
+                   n = nnext;
                }
-               next++;
            }
-           if (*next == '}') {         /* got one */
-               if (!max)
-                   max = next;
-               regparse++;
-               iter = atoi(regparse);
-               if (flags&SIMPLE) {     /* we can do it right after all */
-                   I32 tmp;
-
-                   reginsert(CURLY, ret);
-                   if (iter > 0)
-                       *flagp = (WORST|HASWIDTH);
-                   if (*max == ',')
-                       max++;
-                   else
-                       max = regparse;
-                   tmp = atoi(max);
-                   if (!tmp && *max != '0')
-                       tmp = 32767;            /* meaning "infinity" */
-                   if (tmp && tmp < iter)
-                       croak("Can't do {n,m} with n > m");
-                   if (regcode != &regdummy) {
-#ifdef REGALIGN
-                       *(unsigned short *)(ret+3) = iter;
-                       *(unsigned short *)(ret+5) = tmp;
-#else
-                       ret[3] = iter >> 8; ret[4] = iter & 0377;
-                       ret[5] = tmp  >> 8; ret[6] = tmp  & 0377;
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+           /* Allow dumping */
+           n = scan + NODE_SZ_STR(scan);
+           while (n <= stop) {
+               if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(n)] != NOTHING || OP(n) == NOTHING) {
+                   OP(n) = OPTIMIZED;
+                   NEXT_OFF(n) = 0;
+               }
+               n++;
+           }
 #endif
+       }
+       /* Follow the next-chain of the current node and optimize
+          away all the NOTHINGs from it.  */
+       if (OP(scan) != CURLYX) {
+           int max = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)]
+                      ? I32_MAX
+                      /* I32 may be smaller than U16 on CRAYs! */
+                      : (I32_MAX < U16_MAX ? I32_MAX : U16_MAX));
+           int off = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)] ? ARG(scan) : NEXT_OFF(scan));
+           int noff;
+           regnode *n = scan;
+           
+           /* Skip NOTHING and LONGJMP. */
+           while ((n = regnext(n))
+                  && ((PL_regkind[(U8)OP(n)] == NOTHING && (noff = NEXT_OFF(n)))
+                      || ((OP(n) == LONGJMP) && (noff = ARG(n))))
+                  && off + noff < max)
+               off += noff;
+           if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)])
+               ARG(scan) = off;
+           else 
+               NEXT_OFF(scan) = off;
+       }
+       /* The principal pseudo-switch.  Cannot be a switch, since we
+          look into several different things.  */
+       if (OP(scan) == BRANCH || OP(scan) == BRANCHJ 
+                  || OP(scan) == IFTHEN || OP(scan) == SUSPEND) {
+           next = regnext(scan);
+           code = OP(scan);
+           
+           if (OP(next) == code || code == IFTHEN || code == SUSPEND) { 
+               I32 max1 = 0, min1 = I32_MAX, num = 0;
+               struct regnode_charclass_class accum;
+               
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) /* XXXX Add !SUSPEND? */
+                   scan_commit(data);  /* Cannot merge strings after this. */
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
+                   cl_init_zero(&accum);
+               while (OP(scan) == code) {
+                   I32 deltanext, minnext, f = 0;
+                   struct regnode_charclass_class this_class;
+
+                   num++;
+                   data_fake.flags = 0;
+                   if (data)
+                       data_fake.whilem_c = data->whilem_c;
+                   next = regnext(scan);
+                   scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
+                   if (code != BRANCH)
+                       scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
+                       cl_init(&this_class);
+                       data_fake.start_class = &this_class;
+                       f = SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                   }               
+                   /* we suppose the run is continuous, last=next...*/
+                   minnext = study_chunk(&scan, &deltanext, next,
+                                         &data_fake, f);
+                   if (min1 > minnext) 
+                       min1 = minnext;
+                   if (max1 < minnext + deltanext)
+                       max1 = minnext + deltanext;
+                   if (deltanext == I32_MAX)
+                       is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
+                   scan = next;
+                   if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
+                       pars++;
+                   if (data && (data_fake.flags & SF_HAS_EVAL))
+                       data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
+                   if (data)
+                       data->whilem_c = data_fake.whilem_c;
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
+                       cl_or(&accum, &this_class);
+                   if (code == SUSPEND) 
+                       break;
+               }
+               if (code == IFTHEN && num < 2) /* Empty ELSE branch */
+                   min1 = 0;
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                   data->pos_min += min1;
+                   data->pos_delta += max1 - min1;
+                   if (max1 != min1 || is_inf)
+                       data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
+               }
+               min += min1;
+               delta += max1 - min1;
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                   cl_or(data->start_class, &accum);
+                   if (min1) {
+                       cl_and(data->start_class, &and_with);
+                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
                    }
-                   regparse = next;
-                   goto nest_check;
                }
-               regsawbracket++;        /* remember we clobbered exp */
-               if (iter > 0) {
-                   ch = *max;
-                   sprintf(regparse,"%.*d", max-regparse, iter - 1);
-                   *max = ch;
-                   if (*max == ',' && max[1] != '}') {
-                       if (atoi(max+1) <= 0)
-                           croak("Can't do {n,m} with n > m");
-                       ch = *next;
-                       sprintf(max+1,"%.*d", next-(max+1), atoi(max+1) - 1);
-                       *next = ch;
-                   }
-                   if (iter != 1 || *max == ',') {
-                       regparse = origparse;   /* back up input pointer */
-                       regnpar = orignpar;     /* don't make more parens */
+               else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                   if (min1) {
+                       cl_and(data->start_class, &accum);
+                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
                    }
                    else {
-                       regparse = next;
-                       goto nest_check;
+                       /* Switch to OR mode: cache the old value of 
+                        * data->start_class */
+                       StructCopy(data->start_class, &and_with,
+                                  struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                       StructCopy(&accum, data->start_class,
+                                  struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                       flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
                    }
-                   *flagp = flags;
-                   return ret;
                }
-               if (*max == ',') {
-                   max++;
-                   iter = atoi(max);
-                   if (max == next) {          /* any number more? */
-                       regparse = next;
-                       op = '*';               /* fake up one with a star */
-                   }
-                   else if (iter > 0) {
-                       op = '?';               /* fake up optional atom */
-                       ch = *next;
-                       sprintf(max,"%.*d", next-max, iter - 1);
-                       *next = ch;
-                       if (iter == 1)
-                           regparse = next;
-                       else {
-                           regparse = origparse - 1; /* offset ++ below */
-                           regnpar = orignpar;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   else
-                       croak("Can't do {n,0}");
+           }
+           else if (code == BRANCHJ)   /* single branch is optimized. */
+               scan = NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(scan));
+           else                        /* single branch is optimized. */
+               scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
+           continue;
+       }
+       else if (OP(scan) == EXACT) {
+           I32 l = STR_LEN(scan);
+           if (UTF) {
+               unsigned char *s = (unsigned char *)STRING(scan);
+               unsigned char *e = s + l;
+               I32 newl = 0;
+               while (s < e) {
+                   newl++;
+                   s += UTF8SKIP(s);
                }
-               else
-                   croak("Can't do {0}");
+               l = newl;
+           }
+           min += l;
+           if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) { /* Update longest substr. */
+               /* The code below prefers earlier match for fixed
+                  offset, later match for variable offset.  */
+               if (data->last_end == -1) { /* Update the start info. */
+                   data->last_start_min = data->pos_min;
+                   data->last_start_max = is_inf
+                       ? I32_MAX : data->pos_min + data->pos_delta; 
+               }
+               sv_catpvn(data->last_found, STRING(scan), STR_LEN(scan));
+               data->last_end = data->pos_min + l;
+               data->pos_min += l; /* As in the first entry. */
+               data->flags &= ~SF_BEFORE_EOL;
+           }
+           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+               /* Check whether it is compatible with what we know already! */
+               int compat = 1;
+
+               if (!(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE)) 
+                   && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, *STRING(scan))
+                   && (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)
+                       || !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class,
+                                             PL_fold[*STRING(scan)])))
+                   compat = 0;
+               ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(data->start_class);
+               ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(data->start_class);
+               if (compat)
+                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, *STRING(scan));
+               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+           }
+           else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+               /* false positive possible if the class is case-folded */
+               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, *STRING(scan));     
+               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+               cl_and(data->start_class, &and_with);
            }
+           flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
        }
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)] == EXACT) { /* But OP != EXACT! */
+           I32 l = STR_LEN(scan);
 
-       if (!ISMULT1(op)) {
-               *flagp = flags;
-               return(ret);
-       }
-
-       if (!(flags&HASWIDTH) && op != '?')
-               FAIL("regexp *+ operand could be empty");
-       *flagp = (op != '+') ? (WORST|SPSTART) : (WORST|HASWIDTH);
-
-       if (op == '*' && (flags&SIMPLE))
-               reginsert(STAR, ret);
-       else if (op == '*') {
-               /* Emit x* as (x&|), where & means "self". */
-               reginsert(BRANCH, ret);                 /* Either x */
-               regoptail(ret, regnode(BACK));          /* and loop */
-               regoptail(ret, ret);                    /* back */
-               regtail(ret, regnode(BRANCH));          /* or */
-               regtail(ret, regnode(NOTHING));         /* null. */
-       } else if (op == '+' && (flags&SIMPLE))
-               reginsert(PLUS, ret);
-       else if (op == '+') {
-               /* Emit x+ as x(&|), where & means "self". */
-               next = regnode(BRANCH);                 /* Either */
-               regtail(ret, next);
-               regtail(regnode(BACK), ret);            /* loop back */
-               regtail(next, regnode(BRANCH));         /* or */
-               regtail(ret, regnode(NOTHING));         /* null. */
-       } else if (op == '?') {
-               /* Emit x? as (x|) */
-               reginsert(BRANCH, ret);                 /* Either x */
-               regtail(ret, regnode(BRANCH));          /* or */
-               next = regnode(NOTHING);                /* null. */
-               regtail(ret, next);
-               regoptail(ret, next);
-       }
-      nest_check:
-       regparse++;
-       if (ISMULT2(regparse))
-               FAIL("nested *?+ in regexp");
+           /* Search for fixed substrings supports EXACT only. */
+           if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) 
+               scan_commit(data);
+           if (UTF) {
+               unsigned char *s = (unsigned char *)STRING(scan);
+               unsigned char *e = s + l;
+               I32 newl = 0;
+               while (s < e) {
+                   newl++;
+                   s += UTF8SKIP(s);
+               }
+               l = newl;
+           }
+           min += l;
+           if (data && (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR))
+               data->pos_min += l;
+           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+               /* Check whether it is compatible with what we know already! */
+               int compat = 1;
 
-       return(ret);
-}
+               if (!(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE)) 
+                   && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, *STRING(scan))
+                   && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, 
+                                         PL_fold[*STRING(scan)]))
+                   compat = 0;
+               ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(data->start_class);
+               ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(data->start_class);
+               if (compat) {
+                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, *STRING(scan));
+                   data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+                   data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_FOLD;
+                   if (OP(scan) == EXACTFL)
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+               }
+           }
+           else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+               if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_FOLD) {
+                   /* false positive possible if the class is case-folded.
+                      Assume that the locale settings are the same... */
+                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, *STRING(scan)); 
+                   data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+               }
+               cl_and(data->start_class, &and_with);
+           }
+           flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+       }
+       else if (strchr((char*)PL_varies,OP(scan))) {
+           I32 mincount, maxcount, minnext, deltanext, pos_before, fl;
+           I32 f = flags;
+           regnode *oscan = scan;
+           struct regnode_charclass_class this_class;
+           struct regnode_charclass_class *oclass = NULL;
 
-/*
- - regatom - the lowest level
- *
- * Optimization:  gobbles an entire sequence of ordinary characters so that
- * it can turn them into a single node, which is smaller to store and
- * faster to run.  Backslashed characters are exceptions, each becoming a
- * separate node; the code is simpler that way and it's not worth fixing.
- *
- * [Yes, it is worth fixing, some scripts can run twice the speed.]
- */
-static char *
-regatom(flagp)
-I32 *flagp;
-{
-       register char *ret;
-       I32 flags;
+           switch (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)]) {
+           case WHILEM:                /* End of (?:...)* . */
+               scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
+               goto finish;
+           case PLUS:
+               if (flags & (SCF_DO_SUBSTR | SCF_DO_STCLASS)) {
+                   next = NEXTOPER(scan);
+                   if (OP(next) == EXACT || (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)) {
+                       mincount = 1; 
+                       maxcount = REG_INFTY; 
+                       next = regnext(scan);
+                       scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
+                       goto do_curly;
+                   }
+               }
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR)
+                   data->pos_min++;
+               min++;
+               /* Fall through. */
+           case STAR:
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
+                   mincount = 0;
+                   maxcount = REG_INFTY; 
+                   next = regnext(scan);
+                   scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
+                   goto do_curly;
+               }
+               is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1; 
+               scan = regnext(scan);
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                   scan_commit(data);  /* Cannot extend fixed substrings */
+                   data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
+               }
+               goto optimize_curly_tail;
+           case CURLY:
+               mincount = ARG1(scan); 
+               maxcount = ARG2(scan);
+               next = regnext(scan);
+               scan = NEXTOPER(scan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS;
+             do_curly:
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                   if (mincount == 0) scan_commit(data); /* Cannot extend fixed substrings */
+                   pos_before = data->pos_min;
+               }
+               if (data) {
+                   fl = data->flags;
+                   data->flags &= ~(SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR|SF_HAS_EVAL);
+                   if (is_inf)
+                       data->flags |= SF_IS_INF;
+               }
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
+                   cl_init(&this_class);
+                   oclass = data->start_class;
+                   data->start_class = &this_class;
+                   f |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                   f &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
+               }
 
-       *flagp = WORST;         /* Tentatively. */
+               /* This will finish on WHILEM, setting scan, or on NULL: */
+               minnext = study_chunk(&scan, &deltanext, last, data, 
+                                     mincount == 0 
+                                       ? (f & ~SCF_DO_SUBSTR) : f);
 
-       switch (*regparse++) {
-       case '^':
-               ret = regnode(BOL);
-               break;
-       case '$':
-               ret = regnode(EOL);
-               break;
-       case '.':
-               ret = regnode(ANY);
-               *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-               break;
-       case '[':
-               ret = regclass();
-               *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-               break;
-       case '(':
-               ret = reg(1, &flags);
-               if (ret == NULL)
-                       return(NULL);
-               *flagp |= flags&(HASWIDTH|SPSTART);
-               break;
-       case '|':
-       case ')':
-               FAIL("internal urp in regexp"); /* Supposed to be caught earlier. */
-               break;
-       case '?':
-       case '+':
-       case '*':
-               FAIL("?+* follows nothing in regexp");
-               break;
-       case '\\':
-               switch (*regparse) {
-               case 'w':
-                       ret = regnode(ALNUM);
-                       *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-                       regparse++;
-                       break;
-               case 'W':
-                       ret = regnode(NALNUM);
-                       *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-                       regparse++;
-                       break;
-               case 'b':
-                       ret = regnode(BOUND);
-                       *flagp |= SIMPLE;
-                       regparse++;
-                       break;
-               case 'B':
-                       ret = regnode(NBOUND);
-                       *flagp |= SIMPLE;
-                       regparse++;
-                       break;
-               case 's':
-                       ret = regnode(SPACE);
-                       *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-                       regparse++;
-                       break;
-               case 'S':
-                       ret = regnode(NSPACE);
-                       *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-                       regparse++;
-                       break;
-               case 'd':
-                       ret = regnode(DIGIT);
-                       *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-                       regparse++;
-                       break;
-               case 'D':
-                       ret = regnode(NDIGIT);
-                       *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-                       regparse++;
-                       break;
-               case 'n':
-               case 'r':
-               case 't':
-               case 'f':
-               case 'e':
-               case 'a':
-               case 'x':
-               case 'c':
-               case '0':
-                       goto defchar;
-               case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
-               case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
-                       {
-                           I32 num = atoi(regparse);
-
-                           if (num > 9 && num >= regnpar)
-                               goto defchar;
-                           else {
-                               regsawback = 1;
-                               ret = reganode(REF, num);
-                               while (isDIGIT(*regparse))
-                                   regparse++;
-                               *flagp |= SIMPLE;
-                           }
-                       }
-                       break;
-               case '\0':
-                       if (regparse >= regxend)
-                           FAIL("trailing \\ in regexp");
-                       /* FALL THROUGH */
-               default:
-                       goto defchar;
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
+                   data->start_class = oclass;
+               if (mincount == 0 || minnext == 0) {
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                       cl_or(data->start_class, &this_class);
+                   }
+                   else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       /* Switch to OR mode: cache the old value of 
+                        * data->start_class */
+                       StructCopy(data->start_class, &and_with,
+                                  struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                       StructCopy(&this_class, data->start_class,
+                                  struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                       flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                   }
+               } else {                /* Non-zero len */
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                       cl_or(data->start_class, &this_class);
+                       cl_and(data->start_class, &and_with);
+                   }
+                   else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND)
+                       cl_and(data->start_class, &this_class);
+                   flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
                }
-               break;
-       default: {
-                       register I32 len;
-                       register char ender;
-                       register char *p;
-                       char *oldp;
-                       I32 numlen;
-
-                   defchar:
-                       ret = regnode(EXACTLY);
-                       regc(0);                /* save spot for len */
-                       for (len=0, p=regparse-1;
-                         len < 127 && p < regxend;
-                         len++)
-                       {
-                           oldp = p;
-                           switch (*p) {
-                           case '^':
-                           case '$':
-                           case '.':
-                           case '[':
-                           case '(':
-                           case ')':
-                           case '|':
-                               goto loopdone;
-                           case '\\':
-                               switch (*++p) {
-                               case 'w':
-                               case 'W':
-                               case 'b':
-                               case 'B':
-                               case 's':
-                               case 'S':
-                               case 'd':
-                               case 'D':
-                                   --p;
-                                   goto loopdone;
-                               case 'n':
-                                       ender = '\n';
-                                       p++;
-                                       break;
-                               case 'r':
-                                       ender = '\r';
-                                       p++;
-                                       break;
-                               case 't':
-                                       ender = '\t';
-                                       p++;
-                                       break;
-                               case 'f':
-                                       ender = '\f';
-                                       p++;
-                                       break;
-                               case 'e':
-                                       ender = '\033';
-                                       p++;
-                                       break;
-                               case 'a':
-                                       ender = '\007';
-                                       p++;
-                                       break;
-                               case 'x':
-                                   ender = scan_hex(++p, 2, &numlen);
-                                   p += numlen;
-                                   break;
-                               case 'c':
-                                   p++;
-                                   ender = *p++;
-                                   if (isLOWER(ender))
-                                       ender = toupper(ender);
-                                   ender ^= 64;
-                                   break;
-                               case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':case '4':
-                               case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8':case '9':
-                                   if (*p == '0' ||
-                                     (isDIGIT(p[1]) && atoi(p) >= regnpar) ) {
-                                       ender = scan_oct(p, 3, &numlen);
-                                       p += numlen;
-                                   }
-                                   else {
-                                       --p;
-                                       goto loopdone;
-                                   }
-                                   break;
-                               case '\0':
-                                   if (p >= regxend)
-                                       FAIL("trailing \\ in regexp");
-                                   /* FALL THROUGH */
-                               default:
-                                   ender = *p++;
-                                   break;
-                               }
-                               break;
-                           default:
-                               ender = *p++;
-                               break;
-                           }
-                           if (regfold && isUPPER(ender))
-                                   ender = tolower(ender);
-                           if (ISMULT2(p)) { /* Back off on ?+*. */
-                               if (len)
-                                   p = oldp;
-                               else {
-                                   len++;
-                                   regc(ender);
-                               }
-                               break;
-                           }
-                           regc(ender);
-                       }
-                   loopdone:
-                       regparse = p;
-                       if (len <= 0)
-                               FAIL("internal disaster in regexp");
-                       *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
-                       if (len == 1)
-                               *flagp |= SIMPLE;
-                       if (regcode != &regdummy)
-                           *OPERAND(ret) = len;
-                       regc('\0');
+               if (!scan)              /* It was not CURLYX, but CURLY. */
+                   scan = next;
+               if (ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE) && (minnext + deltanext == 0) 
+                   && !(data->flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
+                   && maxcount <= REG_INFTY/3) /* Complement check for big count */
+                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE,
+                               "Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression");
+               min += minnext * mincount;
+               is_inf_internal |= (maxcount == REG_INFTY 
+                                   && (minnext + deltanext) > 0
+                                  || deltanext == I32_MAX);
+               is_inf |= is_inf_internal;
+               delta += (minnext + deltanext) * maxcount - minnext * mincount;
+
+               /* Try powerful optimization CURLYX => CURLYN. */
+               if (  OP(oscan) == CURLYX && data 
+                     && data->flags & SF_IN_PAR
+                     && !(data->flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
+                     && !deltanext && minnext == 1 ) {
+                   /* Try to optimize to CURLYN.  */
+                   regnode *nxt = NEXTOPER(oscan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS;
+                   regnode *nxt1 = nxt, *nxt2;
+
+                   /* Skip open. */
+                   nxt = regnext(nxt);
+                   if (!strchr((char*)PL_simple,OP(nxt))
+                       && !(PL_regkind[(U8)OP(nxt)] == EXACT
+                            && STR_LEN(nxt) == 1)) 
+                       goto nogo;
+                   nxt2 = nxt;
+                   nxt = regnext(nxt);
+                   if (OP(nxt) != CLOSE) 
+                       goto nogo;
+                   /* Now we know that nxt2 is the only contents: */
+                   oscan->flags = ARG(nxt);
+                   OP(oscan) = CURLYN;
+                   OP(nxt1) = NOTHING; /* was OPEN. */
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+                   OP(nxt1 + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
+                   NEXT_OFF(nxt1+ 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
+                   NEXT_OFF(nxt2) = 0; /* just for consistancy with CURLY. */
+                   OP(nxt) = OPTIMIZED;        /* was CLOSE. */
+                   OP(nxt + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
+                   NEXT_OFF(nxt+ 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
+#endif 
                }
-               break;
-       }
+             nogo:
 
-       return(ret);
-}
+               /* Try optimization CURLYX => CURLYM. */
+               if (  OP(oscan) == CURLYX && data 
+                     && !(data->flags & SF_HAS_PAR)
+                     && !(data->flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
+                     && !deltanext  ) {
+                   /* XXXX How to optimize if data == 0? */
+                   /* Optimize to a simpler form.  */
+                   regnode *nxt = NEXTOPER(oscan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS; /* OPEN */
+                   regnode *nxt2;
 
-static void
-regset(bits,def,c)
-char *bits;
-I32 def;
-register I32 c;
-{
-       if (regcode == &regdummy)
-           return;
-       c &= 255;
-       if (def)
-               bits[c >> 3] &= ~(1 << (c & 7));
-       else
-               bits[c >> 3] |=  (1 << (c & 7));
-}
+                   OP(oscan) = CURLYM;
+                   while ( (nxt2 = regnext(nxt)) /* skip over embedded stuff*/
+                           && (OP(nxt2) != WHILEM)) 
+                       nxt = nxt2;
+                   OP(nxt2)  = SUCCEED; /* Whas WHILEM */
+                   /* Need to optimize away parenths. */
+                   if (data->flags & SF_IN_PAR) {
+                       /* Set the parenth number.  */
+                       regnode *nxt1 = NEXTOPER(oscan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS; /* OPEN*/
 
-static char *
-regclass()
-{
-       register char *bits;
-       register I32 class;
-       register I32 lastclass;
-       register I32 range = 0;
-       register char *ret;
-       register I32 def;
-       I32 numlen;
-
-       ret = regnode(ANYOF);
-       if (*regparse == '^') { /* Complement of range. */
-               regparse++;
-               def = 0;
-       } else {
-               def = 255;
-       }
-       bits = regcode;
-       for (class = 0; class < 32; class++)
-           regc(def);
-       if (*regparse == ']' || *regparse == '-')
-               goto skipcond;          /* allow 1st char to be ] or - */
-       while (regparse < regxend && *regparse != ']') {
-             skipcond:
-               class = UCHARAT(regparse++);
-               if (class == '\\') {
-                       class = UCHARAT(regparse++);
-                       switch (class) {
-                       case 'w':
-                               for (class = 0; class < 256; class++)
-                                   if (isALNUM(class))
-                                       regset(bits,def,class);
-                               lastclass = 1234;
-                               continue;
-                       case 'W':
-                               for (class = 0; class < 256; class++)
-                                   if (!isALNUM(class))
-                                       regset(bits,def,class);
-                               lastclass = 1234;
-                               continue;
-                       case 's':
-                               for (class = 0; class < 256; class++)
-                                   if (isSPACE(class))
-                                       regset(bits,def,class);
-                               lastclass = 1234;
-                               continue;
-                       case 'S':
-                               for (class = 0; class < 256; class++)
-                                   if (!isSPACE(class))
-                                       regset(bits,def,class);
-                               lastclass = 1234;
-                               continue;
-                       case 'd':
-                               for (class = '0'; class <= '9'; class++)
-                                       regset(bits,def,class);
-                               lastclass = 1234;
-                               continue;
-                       case 'D':
-                               for (class = 0; class < '0'; class++)
-                                       regset(bits,def,class);
-                               for (class = '9' + 1; class < 256; class++)
-                                       regset(bits,def,class);
-                               lastclass = 1234;
-                               continue;
-                       case 'n':
-                               class = '\n';
-                               break;
-                       case 'r':
-                               class = '\r';
-                               break;
-                       case 't':
-                               class = '\t';
-                               break;
-                       case 'f':
-                               class = '\f';
-                               break;
-                       case 'b':
-                               class = '\b';
-                               break;
-                       case 'e':
-                               class = '\033';
-                               break;
-                       case 'a':
-                               class = '\007';
-                               break;
-                       case 'x':
-                               class = scan_hex(regparse, 2, &numlen);
-                               regparse += numlen;
-                               break;
-                       case 'c':
-                               class = *regparse++;
-                               if (isLOWER(class))
-                                   class = toupper(class);
-                               class ^= 64;
-                               break;
-                       case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
-                       case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
-                               class = scan_oct(--regparse, 3, &numlen);
-                               regparse += numlen;
-                               break;
+                       if (OP(nxt) != CLOSE) 
+                           FAIL("panic opt close");
+                       oscan->flags = ARG(nxt);
+                       OP(nxt1) = OPTIMIZED;   /* was OPEN. */
+                       OP(nxt) = OPTIMIZED;    /* was CLOSE. */
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+                       OP(nxt1 + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
+                       OP(nxt + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
+                       NEXT_OFF(nxt1 + 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
+                       NEXT_OFF(nxt + 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
+#endif 
+#if 0
+                       while ( nxt1 && (OP(nxt1) != WHILEM)) {
+                           regnode *nnxt = regnext(nxt1);
+                           
+                           if (nnxt == nxt) {
+                               if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(nxt1)])
+                                   ARG_SET(nxt1, nxt2 - nxt1);
+                               else if (nxt2 - nxt1 < U16_MAX)
+                                   NEXT_OFF(nxt1) = nxt2 - nxt1;
+                               else
+                                   OP(nxt) = NOTHING;  /* Cannot beautify */
+                           }
+                           nxt1 = nnxt;
                        }
+#endif
+                       /* Optimize again: */
+                       study_chunk(&nxt1, &deltanext, nxt, NULL, 0);
+                   }
+                   else
+                       oscan->flags = 0;
                }
-               if (range) {
-                       if (lastclass > class)
-                               FAIL("invalid [] range in regexp");
-                       range = 0;
+               else if (OP(oscan) == CURLYX && data && ++data->whilem_c < 16) {
+                   /* This stays as CURLYX, and can put the count/of pair. */
+                   /* Find WHILEM (as in regexec.c) */
+                   regnode *nxt = oscan + NEXT_OFF(oscan);
+
+                   if (OP(PREVOPER(nxt)) == NOTHING) /* LONGJMP */
+                       nxt += ARG(nxt);
+                   PREVOPER(nxt)->flags = data->whilem_c
+                       | (PL_reg_whilem_seen << 4); /* On WHILEM */
                }
-               else {
-                       lastclass = class;
-                       if (*regparse == '-' && regparse+1 < regxend &&
-                           regparse[1] != ']') {
-                               regparse++;
-                               range = 1;
-                               continue;       /* do it next time */
+               if (data && fl & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR)) 
+                   pars++;
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                   SV *last_str = Nullsv;
+                   int counted = mincount != 0;
+
+                   if (data->last_end > 0 && mincount != 0) { /* Ends with a string. */
+                       I32 b = pos_before >= data->last_start_min 
+                           ? pos_before : data->last_start_min;
+                       STRLEN l;
+                       char *s = SvPV(data->last_found, l);
+                       I32 old = b - data->last_start_min;
+
+                       if (UTF)
+                           old = utf8_hop((U8*)s, old) - (U8*)s;
+                       
+                       l -= old;
+                       /* Get the added string: */
+                       last_str = newSVpvn(s  + old, l);
+                       if (deltanext == 0 && pos_before == b) {
+                           /* What was added is a constant string */
+                           if (mincount > 1) {
+                               SvGROW(last_str, (mincount * l) + 1);
+                               repeatcpy(SvPVX(last_str) + l, 
+                                         SvPVX(last_str), l, mincount - 1);
+                               SvCUR(last_str) *= mincount;
+                               /* Add additional parts. */
+                               SvCUR_set(data->last_found, 
+                                         SvCUR(data->last_found) - l);
+                               sv_catsv(data->last_found, last_str);
+                               data->last_end += l * (mincount - 1);
+                           }
                        }
+                   }
+                   /* It is counted once already... */
+                   data->pos_min += minnext * (mincount - counted);
+                   data->pos_delta += - counted * deltanext +
+                       (minnext + deltanext) * maxcount - minnext * mincount;
+                   if (mincount != maxcount) {
+                        /* Cannot extend fixed substrings found inside
+                           the group.  */
+                       scan_commit(data);
+                       if (mincount && last_str) {
+                           sv_setsv(data->last_found, last_str);
+                           data->last_end = data->pos_min;
+                           data->last_start_min = 
+                               data->pos_min - CHR_SVLEN(last_str);
+                           data->last_start_max = is_inf 
+                               ? I32_MAX 
+                               : data->pos_min + data->pos_delta
+                               - CHR_SVLEN(last_str);
+                       }
+                       data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
+                   }
+                   SvREFCNT_dec(last_str);
+               }
+               if (data && (fl & SF_HAS_EVAL))
+                   data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
+             optimize_curly_tail:
+               if (OP(oscan) != CURLYX) {
+                   while (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(next = regnext(oscan))] == NOTHING
+                          && NEXT_OFF(next))
+                       NEXT_OFF(oscan) += NEXT_OFF(next);
                }
-               for ( ; lastclass <= class; lastclass++) {
-                       regset(bits,def,lastclass);
-                       if (regfold && isUPPER(lastclass))
-                               regset(bits,def,tolower(lastclass));
+               continue;
+           default:                    /* REF and CLUMP only? */
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                   scan_commit(data);  /* Cannot expect anything... */
+                   data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
                }
-               lastclass = class;
+               is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
+                   cl_anything(data->start_class);
+               flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+               break;
+           }
        }
-       if (*regparse != ']')
-               FAIL("unmatched [] in regexp");
-       regparse++;
-       return ret;
-}
+       else if (strchr((char*)PL_simple,OP(scan)) || PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)] == ANYUTF8) {
+           int value;
 
-/*
- - regnode - emit a node
- */
-static char *                  /* Location. */
-regnode(op)
-char op;
-{
-       register char *ret;
-       register char *ptr;
-
-       ret = regcode;
-       if (ret == &regdummy) {
-#ifdef REGALIGN
-               if (!(regsize & 1))
-                       regsize++;
-#endif
-               regsize += 3;
-               return(ret);
-       }
+           if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+               scan_commit(data);
+               data->pos_min++;
+           }
+           min++;
+           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
+               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS; /* No match on empty */
+
+               /* Some of the logic below assumes that switching
+                  locale on will only add false positives. */
+               switch (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)]) {
+               case ANYUTF8:
+               case SANY:
+               case SANYUTF8:
+               case ALNUMUTF8:
+               case ANYOFUTF8:
+               case ALNUMLUTF8:
+               case NALNUMUTF8:
+               case NALNUMLUTF8:
+               case SPACEUTF8:
+               case NSPACEUTF8:
+               case SPACELUTF8:
+               case NSPACELUTF8:
+               case DIGITUTF8:
+               case NDIGITUTF8:
+               default:
+                 do_default:
+                   /* Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: unexpected simple REx opcode %d", OP(scan)); */
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) /* Allow everything */
+                       cl_anything(data->start_class);
+                   break;
+               case REG_ANY:
+                   if (OP(scan) == SANY)
+                       goto do_default;
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) { /* Everything but \n */
+                       value = (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class,'\n')
+                                || (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_CLASS));
+                       cl_anything(data->start_class);
+                   }
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND || !value)
+                       ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class,'\n');
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND)
+                       cl_and(data->start_class,
+                              (struct regnode_charclass_class*)scan);
+                   else
+                       cl_or(data->start_class,
+                             (struct regnode_charclass_class*)scan);
+                   break;
+               case ALNUM:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (!isALNUM(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                       else {
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (isALNUM(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                     
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ALNUML:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case NALNUM:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (isALNUM(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                       else {
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (!isALNUM(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                     
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case NALNUML:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case SPACE:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (!isSPACE(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
+                       else {
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (isSPACE(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                     
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case SPACEL:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case NSPACE:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (isSPACE(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                       else {
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (!isSPACE(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                     
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case NSPACEL:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (!isSPACE(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case DIGIT:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NDIGIT);
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isDIGIT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_DIGIT);
+                       else {
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (isDIGIT(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                     
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case NDIGIT:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_DIGIT);
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isDIGIT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NDIGIT);
+                       else {
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (!isDIGIT(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                     
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+               }
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
+                   cl_and(data->start_class, &and_with);
+               flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+           }
+       }
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)] == EOL && flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+           data->flags |= (OP(scan) == MEOL
+                           ? SF_BEFORE_MEOL
+                           : SF_BEFORE_SEOL);
+       }
+       else if (  PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)] == BRANCHJ
+                /* Lookbehind, or need to calculate parens/evals/stclass: */
+                  && (scan->flags || data || (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS))
+                  && (OP(scan) == IFMATCH || OP(scan) == UNLESSM)) {
+           /* Lookahead/lookbehind */
+           I32 deltanext, minnext;
+           regnode *nscan;
+           struct regnode_charclass_class intrnl;
+           int f = 0;
+
+           data_fake.flags = 0;
+           if (data)
+               data_fake.whilem_c = data->whilem_c;
+           if ( flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS && !scan->flags
+                && OP(scan) == IFMATCH ) { /* Lookahead */
+               cl_init(&intrnl);
+               data_fake.start_class = &intrnl;
+               f = SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+           }
+           next = regnext(scan);
+           nscan = NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(scan));
+           minnext = study_chunk(&nscan, &deltanext, last, &data_fake, f);
+           if (scan->flags) {
+               if (deltanext) {
+                   FAIL("variable length lookbehind not implemented");
+               }
+               else if (minnext > U8_MAX) {
+                   FAIL2("lookbehind longer than %"UVuf" not implemented", (UV)U8_MAX);
+               }
+               scan->flags = minnext;
+           }
+           if (data && data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
+               pars++;
+           if (data && (data_fake.flags & SF_HAS_EVAL))
+               data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
+           if (data)
+               data->whilem_c = data_fake.whilem_c;
+           if (f) {
+               int was = (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS);
+
+               cl_and(data->start_class, &intrnl);
+               if (was)
+                   data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+           }
+       }
+       else if (OP(scan) == OPEN) {
+           pars++;
+       }
+       else if (OP(scan) == CLOSE && ARG(scan) == is_par) {
+           next = regnext(scan);
+
+           if ( next && (OP(next) != WHILEM) && next < last)
+               is_par = 0;             /* Disable optimization */
+       }
+       else if (OP(scan) == EVAL) {
+               if (data)
+                   data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
+       }
+       else if (OP(scan) == LOGICAL && scan->flags == 2) { /* Embedded */
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                   scan_commit(data);
+                   data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
+               }
+               is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) /* Allow everything */
+                   cl_anything(data->start_class);
+       }
+       /* Else: zero-length, ignore. */
+       scan = regnext(scan);
+    }
+
+  finish:
+    *scanp = scan;
+    *deltap = is_inf_internal ? I32_MAX : delta;
+    if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR && is_inf) 
+       data->pos_delta = I32_MAX - data->pos_min;
+    if (is_par > U8_MAX)
+       is_par = 0;
+    if (is_par && pars==1 && data) {
+       data->flags |= SF_IN_PAR;
+       data->flags &= ~SF_HAS_PAR;
+    }
+    else if (pars && data) {
+       data->flags |= SF_HAS_PAR;
+       data->flags &= ~SF_IN_PAR;
+    }
+    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
+       cl_and(data->start_class, &and_with);
+    return min;
+}
+
+STATIC I32
+S_add_data(pTHX_ I32 n, char *s)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    if (PL_regcomp_rx->data) {
+       Renewc(PL_regcomp_rx->data, 
+              sizeof(*PL_regcomp_rx->data) + sizeof(void*) * (PL_regcomp_rx->data->count + n - 1), 
+              char, struct reg_data);
+       Renew(PL_regcomp_rx->data->what, PL_regcomp_rx->data->count + n, U8);
+       PL_regcomp_rx->data->count += n;
+    }
+    else {
+       Newc(1207, PL_regcomp_rx->data, sizeof(*PL_regcomp_rx->data) + sizeof(void*) * (n - 1),
+            char, struct reg_data);
+       New(1208, PL_regcomp_rx->data->what, n, U8);
+       PL_regcomp_rx->data->count = n;
+    }
+    Copy(s, PL_regcomp_rx->data->what + PL_regcomp_rx->data->count - n, n, U8);
+    return PL_regcomp_rx->data->count - n;
+}
+
+void
+Perl_reginitcolors(pTHX)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    int i = 0;
+    char *s = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_RE_COLORS");
+           
+    if (s) {
+       PL_colors[0] = s = savepv(s);
+       while (++i < 6) {
+           s = strchr(s, '\t');
+           if (s) {
+               *s = '\0';
+               PL_colors[i] = ++s;
+           }
+           else
+               PL_colors[i] = s = "";
+       }
+    } else {
+       while (i < 6) 
+           PL_colors[i++] = "";
+    }
+    PL_colorset = 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ - pregcomp - compile a regular expression into internal code
+ *
+ * We can't allocate space until we know how big the compiled form will be,
+ * but we can't compile it (and thus know how big it is) until we've got a
+ * place to put the code.  So we cheat:  we compile it twice, once with code
+ * generation turned off and size counting turned on, and once "for real".
+ * This also means that we don't allocate space until we are sure that the
+ * thing really will compile successfully, and we never have to move the
+ * code and thus invalidate pointers into it.  (Note that it has to be in
+ * one piece because free() must be able to free it all.) [NB: not true in perl]
+ *
+ * Beware that the optimization-preparation code in here knows about some
+ * of the structure of the compiled regexp.  [I'll say.]
+ */
+regexp *
+Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    register regexp *r;
+    regnode *scan;
+    SV **longest;
+    SV *longest_fixed;
+    SV *longest_float;
+    regnode *first;
+    I32 flags;
+    I32 minlen = 0;
+    I32 sawplus = 0;
+    I32 sawopen = 0;
+    scan_data_t data;
+
+    if (exp == NULL)
+       FAIL("NULL regexp argument");
+
+    if (PL_curcop == &PL_compiling ? (PL_hints & HINT_UTF8) : IN_UTF8)
+       PL_reg_flags |= RF_utf8;
+    else
+       PL_reg_flags = 0;
+
+    PL_regprecomp = savepvn(exp, xend - exp);
+    DEBUG_r(if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors());
+    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%sCompiling REx%s `%s%*s%s'\n",
+                     PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
+                     (int)(xend - exp), PL_regprecomp, PL_colors[1]));
+    PL_regflags = pm->op_pmflags;
+    PL_regsawback = 0;
+
+    PL_regseen = 0;
+    PL_seen_zerolen = *exp == '^' ? -1 : 0;
+    PL_seen_evals = 0;
+    PL_extralen = 0;
+
+    /* First pass: determine size, legality. */
+    PL_regcomp_parse = exp;
+    PL_regxend = xend;
+    PL_regnaughty = 0;
+    PL_regnpar = 1;
+    PL_regsize = 0L;
+    PL_regcode = &PL_regdummy;
+    PL_reg_whilem_seen = 0;
+    REGC((U8)REG_MAGIC, (char*)PL_regcode);
+    if (reg(0, &flags) == NULL) {
+       Safefree(PL_regprecomp);
+       PL_regprecomp = Nullch;
+       return(NULL);
+    }
+    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "size %"IVdf" ", (IV)PL_regsize));
+
+    /* Small enough for pointer-storage convention?
+       If extralen==0, this means that we will not need long jumps. */
+    if (PL_regsize >= 0x10000L && PL_extralen)
+        PL_regsize += PL_extralen;
+    else
+       PL_extralen = 0;
+    if (PL_reg_whilem_seen > 15)
+       PL_reg_whilem_seen = 15;
+
+    /* Allocate space and initialize. */
+    Newc(1001, r, sizeof(regexp) + (unsigned)PL_regsize * sizeof(regnode),
+        char, regexp);
+    if (r == NULL)
+       FAIL("regexp out of space");
+    r->refcnt = 1;
+    r->prelen = xend - exp;
+    r->precomp = PL_regprecomp;
+    r->subbeg = NULL;
+    r->reganch = pm->op_pmflags & PMf_COMPILETIME;
+    r->nparens = PL_regnpar - 1;       /* set early to validate backrefs */
+
+    r->substrs = 0;                    /* Useful during FAIL. */
+    r->startp = 0;                     /* Useful during FAIL. */
+    r->endp = 0;                       /* Useful during FAIL. */
+
+    PL_regcomp_rx = r;
+
+    /* Second pass: emit code. */
+    PL_regcomp_parse = exp;
+    PL_regxend = xend;
+    PL_regnaughty = 0;
+    PL_regnpar = 1;
+    PL_regcode = r->program;
+    /* Store the count of eval-groups for security checks: */
+    PL_regcode->next_off = ((PL_seen_evals > U16_MAX) ? U16_MAX : PL_seen_evals);
+    REGC((U8)REG_MAGIC, (char*) PL_regcode++);
+    r->data = 0;
+    if (reg(0, &flags) == NULL)
+       return(NULL);
+
+    /* Dig out information for optimizations. */
+    r->reganch = pm->op_pmflags & PMf_COMPILETIME; /* Again? */
+    pm->op_pmflags = PL_regflags;
+    if (UTF)
+       r->reganch |= ROPT_UTF8;
+    r->regstclass = NULL;
+    if (PL_regnaughty >= 10)   /* Probably an expensive pattern. */
+       r->reganch |= ROPT_NAUGHTY;
+    scan = r->program + 1;             /* First BRANCH. */
+
+    /* XXXX To minimize changes to RE engine we always allocate
+       3-units-long substrs field. */
+    Newz(1004, r->substrs, 1, struct reg_substr_data);
+
+    StructCopy(&zero_scan_data, &data, scan_data_t);
+    /* XXXX Should not we check for something else?  Usually it is OPEN1... */
+    if (OP(scan) != BRANCH) {  /* Only one top-level choice. */
+       I32 fake;
+       STRLEN longest_float_length, longest_fixed_length;
+       struct regnode_charclass_class ch_class;
+       int stclass_flag;
+
+       first = scan;
+       /* Skip introductions and multiplicators >= 1. */
+       while ((OP(first) == OPEN && (sawopen = 1)) ||
+              /* An OR of *one* alternative - should not happen now. */
+           (OP(first) == BRANCH && OP(regnext(first)) != BRANCH) ||
+           (OP(first) == PLUS) ||
+           (OP(first) == MINMOD) ||
+              /* An {n,m} with n>0 */
+           (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == CURLY && ARG1(first) > 0) ) {
+               if (OP(first) == PLUS)
+                   sawplus = 1;
+               else
+                   first += regarglen[(U8)OP(first)];
+               first = NEXTOPER(first);
+       }
+
+       /* Starting-point info. */
+      again:
+       if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == EXACT) {
+           if (OP(first) == EXACT);    /* Empty, get anchored substr later. */
+           else if ((OP(first) == EXACTF || OP(first) == EXACTFL)
+                    && !UTF)
+               r->regstclass = first;
+       }
+       else if (strchr((char*)PL_simple,OP(first)))
+           r->regstclass = first;
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == BOUND ||
+                PL_regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == NBOUND)
+           r->regstclass = first;
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == BOL) {
+           r->reganch |= (OP(first) == MBOL
+                          ? ROPT_ANCH_MBOL
+                          : (OP(first) == SBOL
+                             ? ROPT_ANCH_SBOL
+                             : ROPT_ANCH_BOL));
+           first = NEXTOPER(first);
+           goto again;
+       }
+       else if (OP(first) == GPOS) {
+           r->reganch |= ROPT_ANCH_GPOS;
+           first = NEXTOPER(first);
+           goto again;
+       }
+       else if ((OP(first) == STAR &&
+           PL_regkind[(U8)OP(NEXTOPER(first))] == REG_ANY) &&
+           !(r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH) )
+       {
+           /* turn .* into ^.* with an implied $*=1 */
+           int type = OP(NEXTOPER(first));
+
+           if (type == REG_ANY || type == ANYUTF8)
+               type = ROPT_ANCH_MBOL;
+           else
+               type = ROPT_ANCH_SBOL;
+
+           r->reganch |= type | ROPT_IMPLICIT;
+           first = NEXTOPER(first);
+           goto again;
+       }
+       if (sawplus && (!sawopen || !PL_regsawback) 
+           && !(PL_regseen & REG_SEEN_EVAL)) /* May examine pos and $& */
+           /* x+ must match at the 1st pos of run of x's */
+           r->reganch |= ROPT_SKIP;
+
+       /* Scan is after the zeroth branch, first is atomic matcher. */
+       DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "first at %"IVdf"\n", 
+                             (IV)(first - scan + 1)));
+       /*
+       * If there's something expensive in the r.e., find the
+       * longest literal string that must appear and make it the
+       * regmust.  Resolve ties in favor of later strings, since
+       * the regstart check works with the beginning of the r.e.
+       * and avoiding duplication strengthens checking.  Not a
+       * strong reason, but sufficient in the absence of others.
+       * [Now we resolve ties in favor of the earlier string if
+       * it happens that c_offset_min has been invalidated, since the
+       * earlier string may buy us something the later one won't.]
+       */
+       minlen = 0;
+
+       data.longest_fixed = newSVpvn("",0);
+       data.longest_float = newSVpvn("",0);
+       data.last_found = newSVpvn("",0);
+       data.longest = &(data.longest_fixed);
+       first = scan;
+       if (!r->regstclass) {
+           cl_init(&ch_class);
+           data.start_class = &ch_class;
+           stclass_flag = SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+       } else                          /* XXXX Check for BOUND? */
+           stclass_flag = 0;
+
+       minlen = study_chunk(&first, &fake, scan + PL_regsize, /* Up to end */
+                            &data, SCF_DO_SUBSTR | stclass_flag);
+       if ( PL_regnpar == 1 && data.longest == &(data.longest_fixed)
+            && data.last_start_min == 0 && data.last_end > 0 
+            && !PL_seen_zerolen
+            && (!(PL_regseen & REG_SEEN_GPOS) || (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_GPOS)))
+           r->reganch |= ROPT_CHECK_ALL;
+       scan_commit(&data);
+       SvREFCNT_dec(data.last_found);
+
+       longest_float_length = CHR_SVLEN(data.longest_float);
+       if (longest_float_length
+           || (data.flags & SF_FL_BEFORE_EOL
+               && (!(data.flags & SF_FL_BEFORE_MEOL)
+                   || (PL_regflags & PMf_MULTILINE)))) {
+           int t;
+
+           if (SvCUR(data.longest_fixed)                       /* ok to leave SvCUR */
+               && data.offset_fixed == data.offset_float_min
+               && SvCUR(data.longest_fixed) == SvCUR(data.longest_float))
+                   goto remove_float;          /* As in (a)+. */
+
+           r->float_substr = data.longest_float;
+           r->float_min_offset = data.offset_float_min;
+           r->float_max_offset = data.offset_float_max;
+           t = (data.flags & SF_FL_BEFORE_EOL /* Can't have SEOL and MULTI */
+                      && (!(data.flags & SF_FL_BEFORE_MEOL)
+                          || (PL_regflags & PMf_MULTILINE)));
+           fbm_compile(r->float_substr, t ? FBMcf_TAIL : 0);
+       }
+       else {
+         remove_float:
+           r->float_substr = Nullsv;
+           SvREFCNT_dec(data.longest_float);
+           longest_float_length = 0;
+       }
+
+       longest_fixed_length = CHR_SVLEN(data.longest_fixed);
+       if (longest_fixed_length
+           || (data.flags & SF_FIX_BEFORE_EOL /* Cannot have SEOL and MULTI */
+               && (!(data.flags & SF_FIX_BEFORE_MEOL)
+                   || (PL_regflags & PMf_MULTILINE)))) {
+           int t;
+
+           r->anchored_substr = data.longest_fixed;
+           r->anchored_offset = data.offset_fixed;
+           t = (data.flags & SF_FIX_BEFORE_EOL /* Can't have SEOL and MULTI */
+                && (!(data.flags & SF_FIX_BEFORE_MEOL)
+                    || (PL_regflags & PMf_MULTILINE)));
+           fbm_compile(r->anchored_substr, t ? FBMcf_TAIL : 0);
+       }
+       else {
+           r->anchored_substr = Nullsv;
+           SvREFCNT_dec(data.longest_fixed);
+           longest_fixed_length = 0;
+       }
+       if (r->regstclass 
+           && (OP(r->regstclass) == REG_ANY || OP(r->regstclass) == ANYUTF8
+               || OP(r->regstclass) == SANYUTF8 || OP(r->regstclass) == SANY))
+           r->regstclass = NULL;
+       if ((!r->anchored_substr || r->anchored_offset) && stclass_flag
+           && !(data.start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS)
+           && !cl_is_anything(data.start_class)) {
+           SV *sv;
+           I32 n = add_data(1, "f");
+
+           New(1006, PL_regcomp_rx->data->data[n], 1, 
+               struct regnode_charclass_class);
+           StructCopy(data.start_class,
+                      (struct regnode_charclass_class*)PL_regcomp_rx->data->data[n],
+                      struct regnode_charclass_class);
+           r->regstclass = (regnode*)PL_regcomp_rx->data->data[n];
+           r->reganch &= ~ROPT_SKIP;   /* Used in find_byclass(). */
+           DEBUG_r((sv = sv_newmortal(),
+                    regprop(sv, (regnode*)data.start_class),
+                    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "synthetic stclass.\n",
+                                  SvPVX(sv))));
+       }
+
+       /* A temporary algorithm prefers floated substr to fixed one to dig more info. */
+       if (longest_fixed_length > longest_float_length) {
+           r->check_substr = r->anchored_substr;
+           r->check_offset_min = r->check_offset_max = r->anchored_offset;
+           if (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_SINGLE)
+               r->reganch |= ROPT_NOSCAN;
+       }
+       else {
+           r->check_substr = r->float_substr;
+           r->check_offset_min = data.offset_float_min;
+           r->check_offset_max = data.offset_float_max;
+       }
+       /* XXXX Currently intuiting is not compatible with ANCH_GPOS.
+          This should be changed ASAP!  */
+       if (r->check_substr && !(r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_GPOS)) {
+           r->reganch |= RE_USE_INTUIT;
+           if (SvTAIL(r->check_substr))
+               r->reganch |= RE_INTUIT_TAIL;
+       }
+    }
+    else {
+       /* Several toplevels. Best we can is to set minlen. */
+       I32 fake;
+       struct regnode_charclass_class ch_class;
+       
+       DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n"));
+       scan = r->program + 1;
+       cl_init(&ch_class);
+       data.start_class = &ch_class;
+       minlen = study_chunk(&scan, &fake, scan + PL_regsize, &data, SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND);
+       r->check_substr = r->anchored_substr = r->float_substr = Nullsv;
+       if (!(data.start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS)
+           && !cl_is_anything(data.start_class)) {
+           SV *sv;
+           I32 n = add_data(1, "f");
+
+           New(1006, PL_regcomp_rx->data->data[n], 1, 
+               struct regnode_charclass_class);
+           StructCopy(data.start_class,
+                      (struct regnode_charclass_class*)PL_regcomp_rx->data->data[n],
+                      struct regnode_charclass_class);
+           r->regstclass = (regnode*)PL_regcomp_rx->data->data[n];
+           r->reganch &= ~ROPT_SKIP;   /* Used in find_byclass(). */
+           DEBUG_r((sv = sv_newmortal(),
+                    regprop(sv, (regnode*)data.start_class),
+                    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "synthetic stclass.\n",
+                                  SvPVX(sv))));
+       }
+    }
+
+    r->minlen = minlen;
+    if (PL_regseen & REG_SEEN_GPOS) 
+       r->reganch |= ROPT_GPOS_SEEN;
+    if (PL_regseen & REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND)
+       r->reganch |= ROPT_LOOKBEHIND_SEEN;
+    if (PL_regseen & REG_SEEN_EVAL)
+       r->reganch |= ROPT_EVAL_SEEN;
+    Newz(1002, r->startp, PL_regnpar, I32);
+    Newz(1002, r->endp, PL_regnpar, I32);
+    DEBUG_r(regdump(r));
+    return(r);
+}
+
+/*
+ - reg - regular expression, i.e. main body or parenthesized thing
+ *
+ * Caller must absorb opening parenthesis.
+ *
+ * Combining parenthesis handling with the base level of regular expression
+ * is a trifle forced, but the need to tie the tails of the branches to what
+ * follows makes it hard to avoid.
+ */
+STATIC regnode *
+S_reg(pTHX_ I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
+    /* paren: Parenthesized? 0=top, 1=(, inside: changed to letter. */
+{
+    dTHR;
+    register regnode *ret;             /* Will be the head of the group. */
+    register regnode *br;
+    register regnode *lastbr;
+    register regnode *ender = 0;
+    register I32 parno = 0;
+    I32 flags, oregflags = PL_regflags, have_branch = 0, open = 0;
+    char c;
+
+    *flagp = 0;                                /* Tentatively. */
+
+    /* Make an OPEN node, if parenthesized. */
+    if (paren) {
+       if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '?') {
+           U16 posflags = 0, negflags = 0;
+           U16 *flagsp = &posflags;
+           int logical = 0;
+
+           PL_regcomp_parse++;
+           paren = *PL_regcomp_parse++;
+           ret = NULL;                 /* For look-ahead/behind. */
+           switch (paren) {
+           case '<':
+               PL_regseen |= REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND;
+               if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '!') 
+                   paren = ',';
+               if (*PL_regcomp_parse != '=' && *PL_regcomp_parse != '!') 
+                   goto unknown;
+               PL_regcomp_parse++;
+           case '=':
+           case '!':
+               PL_seen_zerolen++;
+           case ':':
+           case '>':
+               break;
+           case '$':
+           case '@':
+               FAIL2("Sequence (?%c...) not implemented", (int)paren);
+               break;
+           case '#':
+               while (*PL_regcomp_parse && *PL_regcomp_parse != ')')
+                   PL_regcomp_parse++;
+               if (*PL_regcomp_parse != ')')
+                   FAIL("Sequence (?#... not terminated");
+               nextchar();
+               *flagp = TRYAGAIN;
+               return NULL;
+           case 'p':
+               logical = 1;
+               paren = *PL_regcomp_parse++;
+               /* FALL THROUGH */
+           case '{':
+           {
+               dTHR;
+               I32 count = 1, n = 0;
+               char c;
+               char *s = PL_regcomp_parse;
+               SV *sv;
+               OP_4tree *sop, *rop;
+
+               PL_seen_zerolen++;
+               PL_regseen |= REG_SEEN_EVAL;
+               while (count && (c = *PL_regcomp_parse)) {
+                   if (c == '\\' && PL_regcomp_parse[1])
+                       PL_regcomp_parse++;
+                   else if (c == '{') 
+                       count++;
+                   else if (c == '}') 
+                       count--;
+                   PL_regcomp_parse++;
+               }
+               if (*PL_regcomp_parse != ')')
+                   FAIL("Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced");
+               if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+                   AV *av;
+                   
+                   if (PL_regcomp_parse - 1 - s) 
+                       sv = newSVpvn(s, PL_regcomp_parse - 1 - s);
+                   else
+                       sv = newSVpvn("", 0);
+
+                   rop = sv_compile_2op(sv, &sop, "re", &av);
+
+                   n = add_data(3, "nop");
+                   PL_regcomp_rx->data->data[n] = (void*)rop;
+                   PL_regcomp_rx->data->data[n+1] = (void*)sop;
+                   PL_regcomp_rx->data->data[n+2] = (void*)av;
+                   SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
+               }
+               else {                                          /* First pass */
+                   if (PL_reginterp_cnt < ++PL_seen_evals
+                       && PL_curcop != &PL_compiling)
+                       /* No compiled RE interpolated, has runtime
+                          components ===> unsafe.  */
+                       FAIL("Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval'");
+                   if (PL_tainted)
+                       FAIL("Eval-group in insecure regular expression");
+               }
+               
+               nextchar();
+               if (logical) {
+                   ret = reg_node(LOGICAL);
+                   if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+                       ret->flags = 2;
+                   regtail(ret, reganode(EVAL, n));
+                   return ret;
+               }
+               return reganode(EVAL, n);
+           }
+           case '(':
+           {
+               if (PL_regcomp_parse[0] == '?') {
+                   if (PL_regcomp_parse[1] == '=' || PL_regcomp_parse[1] == '!' 
+                       || PL_regcomp_parse[1] == '<' 
+                       || PL_regcomp_parse[1] == '{') { /* Lookahead or eval. */
+                       I32 flag;
+                       
+                       ret = reg_node(LOGICAL);
+                       if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+                           ret->flags = 1;
+                       regtail(ret, reg(1, &flag));
+                       goto insert_if;
+                   } 
+               }
+               else if (PL_regcomp_parse[0] >= '1' && PL_regcomp_parse[0] <= '9' ) {
+                   parno = atoi(PL_regcomp_parse++);
+
+                   while (isDIGIT(*PL_regcomp_parse))
+                       PL_regcomp_parse++;
+                   ret = reganode(GROUPP, parno);
+                   if ((c = *nextchar()) != ')')
+                       FAIL2("Switch (?(number%c not recognized", c);
+                 insert_if:
+                   regtail(ret, reganode(IFTHEN, 0));
+                   br = regbranch(&flags, 1);
+                   if (br == NULL)
+                       br = reganode(LONGJMP, 0);
+                   else
+                       regtail(br, reganode(LONGJMP, 0));
+                   c = *nextchar();
+                   if (flags&HASWIDTH)
+                       *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
+                   if (c == '|') {
+                       lastbr = reganode(IFTHEN, 0); /* Fake one for optimizer. */
+                       regbranch(&flags, 1);
+                       regtail(ret, lastbr);
+                       if (flags&HASWIDTH)
+                           *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
+                       c = *nextchar();
+                   }
+                   else
+                       lastbr = NULL;
+                   if (c != ')')
+                       FAIL("Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches");
+                   ender = reg_node(TAIL);
+                   regtail(br, ender);
+                   if (lastbr) {
+                       regtail(lastbr, ender);
+                       regtail(NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(lastbr)), ender);
+                   }
+                   else
+                       regtail(ret, ender);
+                   return ret;
+               }
+               else {
+                   FAIL2("Unknown condition for (?(%.2s", PL_regcomp_parse);
+               }
+           }
+            case 0:
+                FAIL("Sequence (? incomplete");
+                break;
+           default:
+               --PL_regcomp_parse;
+             parse_flags:
+               while (*PL_regcomp_parse && strchr("iogcmsx", *PL_regcomp_parse)) {
+                   if (*PL_regcomp_parse != 'o')
+                       pmflag(flagsp, *PL_regcomp_parse);
+                   ++PL_regcomp_parse;
+               }
+               if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '-') {
+                   flagsp = &negflags;
+                   ++PL_regcomp_parse;
+                   goto parse_flags;
+               }
+               PL_regflags |= posflags;
+               PL_regflags &= ~negflags;
+               if (*PL_regcomp_parse == ':') {
+                   PL_regcomp_parse++;
+                   paren = ':';
+                   break;
+               }               
+             unknown:
+               if (*PL_regcomp_parse != ')')
+                   FAIL2("Sequence (?%c...) not recognized", *PL_regcomp_parse);
+               nextchar();
+               *flagp = TRYAGAIN;
+               return NULL;
+           }
+       }
+       else {
+           parno = PL_regnpar;
+           PL_regnpar++;
+           ret = reganode(OPEN, parno);
+           open = 1;
+       }
+    }
+    else
+       ret = NULL;
+
+    /* Pick up the branches, linking them together. */
+    br = regbranch(&flags, 1);
+    if (br == NULL)
+       return(NULL);
+    if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '|') {
+       if (!SIZE_ONLY && PL_extralen) {
+           reginsert(BRANCHJ, br);
+       }
+       else
+           reginsert(BRANCH, br);
+       have_branch = 1;
+       if (SIZE_ONLY)
+           PL_extralen += 1;           /* For BRANCHJ-BRANCH. */
+    }
+    else if (paren == ':') {
+       *flagp |= flags&SIMPLE;
+    }
+    if (open) {                                /* Starts with OPEN. */
+       regtail(ret, br);               /* OPEN -> first. */
+    }
+    else if (paren != '?')             /* Not Conditional */
+       ret = br;
+    if (flags&HASWIDTH)
+       *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
+    *flagp |= flags&SPSTART;
+    lastbr = br;
+    while (*PL_regcomp_parse == '|') {
+       if (!SIZE_ONLY && PL_extralen) {
+           ender = reganode(LONGJMP,0);
+           regtail(NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(lastbr)), ender); /* Append to the previous. */
+       }
+       if (SIZE_ONLY)
+           PL_extralen += 2;           /* Account for LONGJMP. */
+       nextchar();
+       br = regbranch(&flags, 0);
+       if (br == NULL)
+           return(NULL);
+       regtail(lastbr, br);            /* BRANCH -> BRANCH. */
+       lastbr = br;
+       if (flags&HASWIDTH)
+           *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
+       *flagp |= flags&SPSTART;
+    }
+
+    if (have_branch || paren != ':') {
+       /* Make a closing node, and hook it on the end. */
+       switch (paren) {
+       case ':':
+           ender = reg_node(TAIL);
+           break;
+       case 1:
+           ender = reganode(CLOSE, parno);
+           break;
+       case '<':
+       case ',':
+       case '=':
+       case '!':
+           *flagp &= ~HASWIDTH;
+           /* FALL THROUGH */
+       case '>':
+           ender = reg_node(SUCCEED);
+           break;
+       case 0:
+           ender = reg_node(END);
+           break;
+       }
+       regtail(lastbr, ender);
+
+       if (have_branch) {
+           /* Hook the tails of the branches to the closing node. */
+           for (br = ret; br != NULL; br = regnext(br)) {
+               regoptail(br, ender);
+           }
+       }
+    }
+
+    {
+       char *p;
+       static char parens[] = "=!<,>";
+
+       if (paren && (p = strchr(parens, paren))) {
+           int node = ((p - parens) % 2) ? UNLESSM : IFMATCH;
+           int flag = (p - parens) > 1;
+
+           if (paren == '>')
+               node = SUSPEND, flag = 0;
+           reginsert(node,ret);
+           ret->flags = flag;
+           regtail(ret, reg_node(TAIL));
+       }
+    }
+
+    /* Check for proper termination. */
+    if (paren) {
+       PL_regflags = oregflags;
+       if (PL_regcomp_parse >= PL_regxend || *nextchar() != ')') {
+           FAIL("unmatched () in regexp");
+       }
+    }
+    else if (!paren && PL_regcomp_parse < PL_regxend) {
+       if (*PL_regcomp_parse == ')') {
+           FAIL("unmatched () in regexp");
+       }
+       else
+           FAIL("junk on end of regexp");      /* "Can't happen". */
+       /* NOTREACHED */
+    }
+
+    return(ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ - regbranch - one alternative of an | operator
+ *
+ * Implements the concatenation operator.
+ */
+STATIC regnode *
+S_regbranch(pTHX_ I32 *flagp, I32 first)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    register regnode *ret;
+    register regnode *chain = NULL;
+    register regnode *latest;
+    I32 flags = 0, c = 0;
+
+    if (first) 
+       ret = NULL;
+    else {
+       if (!SIZE_ONLY && PL_extralen) 
+           ret = reganode(BRANCHJ,0);
+       else
+           ret = reg_node(BRANCH);
+    }
+       
+    if (!first && SIZE_ONLY) 
+       PL_extralen += 1;                       /* BRANCHJ */
+    
+    *flagp = WORST;                    /* Tentatively. */
+
+    PL_regcomp_parse--;
+    nextchar();
+    while (PL_regcomp_parse < PL_regxend && *PL_regcomp_parse != '|' && *PL_regcomp_parse != ')') {
+       flags &= ~TRYAGAIN;
+       latest = regpiece(&flags);
+       if (latest == NULL) {
+           if (flags & TRYAGAIN)
+               continue;
+           return(NULL);
+       }
+       else if (ret == NULL)
+           ret = latest;
+       *flagp |= flags&HASWIDTH;
+       if (chain == NULL)      /* First piece. */
+           *flagp |= flags&SPSTART;
+       else {
+           PL_regnaughty++;
+           regtail(chain, latest);
+       }
+       chain = latest;
+       c++;
+    }
+    if (chain == NULL) {       /* Loop ran zero times. */
+       chain = reg_node(NOTHING);
+       if (ret == NULL)
+           ret = chain;
+    }
+    if (c == 1) {
+       *flagp |= flags&SIMPLE;
+    }
+
+    return(ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ - regpiece - something followed by possible [*+?]
+ *
+ * Note that the branching code sequences used for ? and the general cases
+ * of * and + are somewhat optimized:  they use the same NOTHING node as
+ * both the endmarker for their branch list and the body of the last branch.
+ * It might seem that this node could be dispensed with entirely, but the
+ * endmarker role is not redundant.
+ */
+STATIC regnode *
+S_regpiece(pTHX_ I32 *flagp)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    register regnode *ret;
+    register char op;
+    register char *next;
+    I32 flags;
+    char *origparse = PL_regcomp_parse;
+    char *maxpos;
+    I32 min;
+    I32 max = REG_INFTY;
+
+    ret = regatom(&flags);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+       if (flags & TRYAGAIN)
+           *flagp |= TRYAGAIN;
+       return(NULL);
+    }
+
+    op = *PL_regcomp_parse;
+
+    if (op == '{' && regcurly(PL_regcomp_parse)) {
+       next = PL_regcomp_parse + 1;
+       maxpos = Nullch;
+       while (isDIGIT(*next) || *next == ',') {
+           if (*next == ',') {
+               if (maxpos)
+                   break;
+               else
+                   maxpos = next;
+           }
+           next++;
+       }
+       if (*next == '}') {             /* got one */
+           if (!maxpos)
+               maxpos = next;
+           PL_regcomp_parse++;
+           min = atoi(PL_regcomp_parse);
+           if (*maxpos == ',')
+               maxpos++;
+           else
+               maxpos = PL_regcomp_parse;
+           max = atoi(maxpos);
+           if (!max && *maxpos != '0')
+               max = REG_INFTY;                /* meaning "infinity" */
+           else if (max >= REG_INFTY)
+               FAIL2("Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d", REG_INFTY - 1);
+           PL_regcomp_parse = next;
+           nextchar();
+
+       do_curly:
+           if ((flags&SIMPLE)) {
+               PL_regnaughty += 2 + PL_regnaughty / 2;
+               reginsert(CURLY, ret);
+           }
+           else {
+               regnode *w = reg_node(WHILEM);
+
+               w->flags = 0;
+               regtail(ret, w);
+               if (!SIZE_ONLY && PL_extralen) {
+                   reginsert(LONGJMP,ret);
+                   reginsert(NOTHING,ret);
+                   NEXT_OFF(ret) = 3;  /* Go over LONGJMP. */
+               }
+               reginsert(CURLYX,ret);
+               if (!SIZE_ONLY && PL_extralen)
+                   NEXT_OFF(ret) = 3;  /* Go over NOTHING to LONGJMP. */
+               regtail(ret, reg_node(NOTHING));
+               if (SIZE_ONLY)
+                   PL_reg_whilem_seen++, PL_extralen += 3;
+               PL_regnaughty += 4 + PL_regnaughty;     /* compound interest */
+           }
+           ret->flags = 0;
+
+           if (min > 0)
+               *flagp = WORST;
+           if (max > 0)
+               *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
+           if (max && max < min)
+               FAIL("Can't do {n,m} with n > m");
+           if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+               ARG1_SET(ret, min);
+               ARG2_SET(ret, max);
+           }
+
+           goto nest_check;
+       }
+    }
+
+    if (!ISMULT1(op)) {
+       *flagp = flags;
+       return(ret);
+    }
+
+#if 0                          /* Now runtime fix should be reliable. */
+    if (!(flags&HASWIDTH) && op != '?')
+      FAIL("regexp *+ operand could be empty");
+#endif 
+
+    nextchar();
+
+    *flagp = (op != '+') ? (WORST|SPSTART|HASWIDTH) : (WORST|HASWIDTH);
+
+    if (op == '*' && (flags&SIMPLE)) {
+       reginsert(STAR, ret);
+       ret->flags = 0;
+       PL_regnaughty += 4;
+    }
+    else if (op == '*') {
+       min = 0;
+       goto do_curly;
+    }
+    else if (op == '+' && (flags&SIMPLE)) {
+       reginsert(PLUS, ret);
+       ret->flags = 0;
+       PL_regnaughty += 3;
+    }
+    else if (op == '+') {
+       min = 1;
+       goto do_curly;
+    }
+    else if (op == '?') {
+       min = 0; max = 1;
+       goto do_curly;
+    }
+  nest_check:
+    if (ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE) && !SIZE_ONLY && !(flags&HASWIDTH) && max > REG_INFTY/3) {
+       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE, "%.*s matches null string many times",
+           PL_regcomp_parse - origparse, origparse);
+    }
+
+    if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '?') {
+       nextchar();
+       reginsert(MINMOD, ret);
+       regtail(ret, ret + NODE_STEP_REGNODE);
+    }
+    if (ISMULT2(PL_regcomp_parse))
+       FAIL("nested *?+ in regexp");
+
+    return(ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ - regatom - the lowest level
+ *
+ * Optimization:  gobbles an entire sequence of ordinary characters so that
+ * it can turn them into a single node, which is smaller to store and
+ * faster to run.  Backslashed characters are exceptions, each becoming a
+ * separate node; the code is simpler that way and it's not worth fixing.
+ *
+ * [Yes, it is worth fixing, some scripts can run twice the speed.]
+ */
+STATIC regnode *
+S_regatom(pTHX_ I32 *flagp)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    register regnode *ret = 0;
+    I32 flags;
+
+    *flagp = WORST;            /* Tentatively. */
+
+tryagain:
+    switch (*PL_regcomp_parse) {
+    case '^':
+       PL_seen_zerolen++;
+       nextchar();
+       if (PL_regflags & PMf_MULTILINE)
+           ret = reg_node(MBOL);
+       else if (PL_regflags & PMf_SINGLELINE)
+           ret = reg_node(SBOL);
+       else
+           ret = reg_node(BOL);
+       break;
+    case '$':
+       if (PL_regcomp_parse[1]) 
+           PL_seen_zerolen++;
+       nextchar();
+       if (PL_regflags & PMf_MULTILINE)
+           ret = reg_node(MEOL);
+       else if (PL_regflags & PMf_SINGLELINE)
+           ret = reg_node(SEOL);
+       else
+           ret = reg_node(EOL);
+       break;
+    case '.':
+       nextchar();
+       if (UTF) {
+           if (PL_regflags & PMf_SINGLELINE)
+               ret = reg_node(SANYUTF8);
+           else
+               ret = reg_node(ANYUTF8);
+           *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
+       }
+       else {
+           if (PL_regflags & PMf_SINGLELINE)
+               ret = reg_node(SANY);
+           else
+               ret = reg_node(REG_ANY);
+           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+       }
+       PL_regnaughty++;
+       break;
+    case '[':
+       PL_regcomp_parse++;
+       ret = (UTF ? regclassutf8() : regclass());
+       if (*PL_regcomp_parse != ']')
+           FAIL("unmatched [] in regexp");
+       nextchar();
+       *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+       break;
+    case '(':
+       nextchar();
+       ret = reg(1, &flags);
+       if (ret == NULL) {
+               if (flags & TRYAGAIN)
+                   goto tryagain;
+               return(NULL);
+       }
+       *flagp |= flags&(HASWIDTH|SPSTART|SIMPLE);
+       break;
+    case '|':
+    case ')':
+       if (flags & TRYAGAIN) {
+           *flagp |= TRYAGAIN;
+           return NULL;
+       }
+       FAIL2("internal urp in regexp at /%s/", PL_regcomp_parse);
+                               /* Supposed to be caught earlier. */
+       break;
+    case '{':
+       if (!regcurly(PL_regcomp_parse)) {
+           PL_regcomp_parse++;
+           goto defchar;
+       }
+       /* FALL THROUGH */
+    case '?':
+    case '+':
+    case '*':
+       FAIL("?+*{} follows nothing in regexp");
+       break;
+    case '\\':
+       switch (*++PL_regcomp_parse) {
+       case 'A':
+           PL_seen_zerolen++;
+           ret = reg_node(SBOL);
+           *flagp |= SIMPLE;
+           nextchar();
+           break;
+       case 'G':
+           ret = reg_node(GPOS);
+           PL_regseen |= REG_SEEN_GPOS;
+           *flagp |= SIMPLE;
+           nextchar();
+           break;
+       case 'Z':
+           ret = reg_node(SEOL);
+           *flagp |= SIMPLE;
+           nextchar();
+           break;
+       case 'z':
+           ret = reg_node(EOS);
+           *flagp |= SIMPLE;
+           PL_seen_zerolen++;          /* Do not optimize RE away */
+           nextchar();
+           break;
+       case 'C':
+           ret = reg_node(SANY);
+           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+           nextchar();
+           break;
+       case 'X':
+           ret = reg_node(CLUMP);
+           *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
+           nextchar();
+           if (UTF && !PL_utf8_mark)
+               is_utf8_mark((U8*)"~");         /* preload table */
+           break;
+       case 'w':
+           ret = reg_node(
+               UTF
+                   ? (LOC ? ALNUMLUTF8 : ALNUMUTF8)
+                   : (LOC ? ALNUML     : ALNUM));
+           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+           nextchar();
+           if (UTF && !PL_utf8_alnum)
+               is_utf8_alnum((U8*)"a");        /* preload table */
+           break;
+       case 'W':
+           ret = reg_node(
+               UTF
+                   ? (LOC ? NALNUMLUTF8 : NALNUMUTF8)
+                   : (LOC ? NALNUML     : NALNUM));
+           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+           nextchar();
+           if (UTF && !PL_utf8_alnum)
+               is_utf8_alnum((U8*)"a");        /* preload table */
+           break;
+       case 'b':
+           PL_seen_zerolen++;
+           PL_regseen |= REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND;
+           ret = reg_node(
+               UTF
+                   ? (LOC ? BOUNDLUTF8 : BOUNDUTF8)
+                   : (LOC ? BOUNDL     : BOUND));
+           *flagp |= SIMPLE;
+           nextchar();
+           if (UTF && !PL_utf8_alnum)
+               is_utf8_alnum((U8*)"a");        /* preload table */
+           break;
+       case 'B':
+           PL_seen_zerolen++;
+           PL_regseen |= REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND;
+           ret = reg_node(
+               UTF
+                   ? (LOC ? NBOUNDLUTF8 : NBOUNDUTF8)
+                   : (LOC ? NBOUNDL     : NBOUND));
+           *flagp |= SIMPLE;
+           nextchar();
+           if (UTF && !PL_utf8_alnum)
+               is_utf8_alnum((U8*)"a");        /* preload table */
+           break;
+       case 's':
+           ret = reg_node(
+               UTF
+                   ? (LOC ? SPACELUTF8 : SPACEUTF8)
+                   : (LOC ? SPACEL     : SPACE));
+           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+           nextchar();
+           if (UTF && !PL_utf8_space)
+               is_utf8_space((U8*)" ");        /* preload table */
+           break;
+       case 'S':
+           ret = reg_node(
+               UTF
+                   ? (LOC ? NSPACELUTF8 : NSPACEUTF8)
+                   : (LOC ? NSPACEL     : NSPACE));
+           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+           nextchar();
+           if (UTF && !PL_utf8_space)
+               is_utf8_space((U8*)" ");        /* preload table */
+           break;
+       case 'd':
+           ret = reg_node(UTF ? DIGITUTF8 : DIGIT);
+           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+           nextchar();
+           if (UTF && !PL_utf8_digit)
+               is_utf8_digit((U8*)"1");        /* preload table */
+           break;
+       case 'D':
+           ret = reg_node(UTF ? NDIGITUTF8 : NDIGIT);
+           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+           nextchar();
+           if (UTF && !PL_utf8_digit)
+               is_utf8_digit((U8*)"1");        /* preload table */
+           break;
+       case 'p':
+       case 'P':
+           {   /* a lovely hack--pretend we saw [\pX] instead */
+               char* oldregxend = PL_regxend;
+
+               if (PL_regcomp_parse[1] == '{') {
+                   PL_regxend = strchr(PL_regcomp_parse, '}');
+                   if (!PL_regxend)
+                       FAIL("Missing right brace on \\p{}");
+                   PL_regxend++;
+               }
+               else
+                   PL_regxend = PL_regcomp_parse + 2;
+               PL_regcomp_parse--;
+
+               ret = regclassutf8();
+
+               PL_regxend = oldregxend;
+               PL_regcomp_parse--;
+               nextchar();
+               *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+           }
+           break;
+       case 'n':
+       case 'r':
+       case 't':
+       case 'f':
+       case 'e':
+       case 'a':
+       case 'x':
+       case 'c':
+       case '0':
+           goto defchar;
+       case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+       case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+           {
+               I32 num = atoi(PL_regcomp_parse);
+
+               if (num > 9 && num >= PL_regnpar)
+                   goto defchar;
+               else {
+                   if (!SIZE_ONLY && num > PL_regcomp_rx->nparens)
+                       FAIL("reference to nonexistent group");
+                   PL_regsawback = 1;
+                   ret = reganode(FOLD
+                                  ? (LOC ? REFFL : REFF)
+                                  : REF, num);
+                   *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
+                   while (isDIGIT(*PL_regcomp_parse))
+                       PL_regcomp_parse++;
+                   PL_regcomp_parse--;
+                   nextchar();
+               }
+           }
+           break;
+       case '\0':
+           if (PL_regcomp_parse >= PL_regxend)
+               FAIL("trailing \\ in regexp");
+           /* FALL THROUGH */
+       default:
+           /* Do not generate `unrecognized' warnings here, we fall
+              back into the quick-grab loop below */
+           goto defchar;
+       }
+       break;
+
+    case '#':
+       if (PL_regflags & PMf_EXTENDED) {
+           while (PL_regcomp_parse < PL_regxend && *PL_regcomp_parse != '\n') PL_regcomp_parse++;
+           if (PL_regcomp_parse < PL_regxend)
+               goto tryagain;
+       }
+       /* FALL THROUGH */
+
+    default: {
+           register I32 len;
+           register UV ender;
+           register char *p;
+           char *oldp, *s;
+           I32 numlen;
+
+           PL_regcomp_parse++;
+
+       defchar:
+           ret = reg_node(FOLD
+                         ? (LOC ? EXACTFL : EXACTF)
+                         : EXACT);
+           s = STRING(ret);
+           for (len = 0, p = PL_regcomp_parse - 1;
+             len < 127 && p < PL_regxend;
+             len++)
+           {
+               oldp = p;
+
+               if (PL_regflags & PMf_EXTENDED)
+                   p = regwhite(p, PL_regxend);
+               switch (*p) {
+               case '^':
+               case '$':
+               case '.':
+               case '[':
+               case '(':
+               case ')':
+               case '|':
+                   goto loopdone;
+               case '\\':
+                   switch (*++p) {
+                   case 'A':
+                   case 'G':
+                   case 'Z':
+                   case 'z':
+                   case 'w':
+                   case 'W':
+                   case 'b':
+                   case 'B':
+                   case 's':
+                   case 'S':
+                   case 'd':
+                   case 'D':
+                   case 'p':
+                   case 'P':
+                       --p;
+                       goto loopdone;
+                   case 'n':
+                       ender = '\n';
+                       p++;
+                       break;
+                   case 'r':
+                       ender = '\r';
+                       p++;
+                       break;
+                   case 't':
+                       ender = '\t';
+                       p++;
+                       break;
+                   case 'f':
+                       ender = '\f';
+                       p++;
+                       break;
+                   case 'e':
+#ifdef ASCIIish
+                         ender = '\033';
+#else
+                         ender = '\047';
+#endif
+                       p++;
+                       break;
+                   case 'a':
+#ifdef ASCIIish
+                         ender = '\007';
+#else
+                         ender = '\057';
+#endif
+                       p++;
+                       break;
+                   case 'x':
+                       if (*++p == '{') {
+                           char* e = strchr(p, '}');
+        
+                           if (!e)
+                               FAIL("Missing right brace on \\x{}");
+                           else if (UTF) {
+                               ender = (UV)scan_hex(p + 1, e - p, &numlen);
+                               if (numlen + len >= 127) {      /* numlen is generous */
+                                   p--;
+                                   goto loopdone;
+                               }
+                               p = e + 1;
+                           }
+                           else
+                               FAIL("Can't use \\x{} without 'use utf8' declaration");
+                       }
+                       else {
+                           ender = (UV)scan_hex(p, 2, &numlen);
+                           p += numlen;
+                       }
+                       break;
+                   case 'c':
+                       p++;
+                       ender = UCHARAT(p++);
+                       ender = toCTRL(ender);
+                       break;
+                   case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':case '4':
+                   case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8':case '9':
+                       if (*p == '0' ||
+                         (isDIGIT(p[1]) && atoi(p) >= PL_regnpar) ) {
+                           ender = (UV)scan_oct(p, 3, &numlen);
+                           p += numlen;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                           --p;
+                           goto loopdone;
+                       }
+                       break;
+                   case '\0':
+                       if (p >= PL_regxend)
+                           FAIL("trailing \\ in regexp");
+                       /* FALL THROUGH */
+                   default:
+                       if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE) && isALPHA(*p))
+                           Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE, 
+                                       "/%.127s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through",
+                                       PL_regprecomp,
+                                       *p);
+                       goto normal_default;
+                   }
+                   break;
+               default:
+                 normal_default:
+                   if ((*p & 0xc0) == 0xc0 && UTF) {
+                       ender = utf8_to_uv((U8*)p, &numlen);
+                       p += numlen;
+                   }
+                   else
+                       ender = *p++;
+                   break;
+               }
+               if (PL_regflags & PMf_EXTENDED)
+                   p = regwhite(p, PL_regxend);
+               if (UTF && FOLD) {
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ender = toLOWER_LC_uni(ender);
+                   else
+                       ender = toLOWER_uni(ender);
+               }
+               if (ISMULT2(p)) { /* Back off on ?+*. */
+                   if (len)
+                       p = oldp;
+                   else if (ender >= 0x80 && UTF) {
+                       reguni(ender, s, &numlen);
+                       s += numlen;
+                       len += numlen;
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       len++;
+                       REGC(ender, s++);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               }
+               if (ender >= 0x80 && UTF) {
+                   reguni(ender, s, &numlen);
+                   s += numlen;
+                   len += numlen - 1;
+               }
+               else
+                   REGC(ender, s++);
+           }
+       loopdone:
+           PL_regcomp_parse = p - 1;
+           nextchar();
+           if (len < 0)
+               FAIL("internal disaster in regexp");
+           if (len > 0)
+               *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
+           if (len == 1)
+               *flagp |= SIMPLE;
+           if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+               STR_LEN(ret) = len;
+           if (SIZE_ONLY)
+               PL_regsize += STR_SZ(len);
+           else
+               PL_regcode += STR_SZ(len);
+       }
+       break;
+    }
+
+    return(ret);
+}
+
+STATIC char *
+S_regwhite(pTHX_ char *p, char *e)
+{
+    while (p < e) {
+       if (isSPACE(*p))
+           ++p;
+       else if (*p == '#') {
+           do {
+               p++;
+           } while (p < e && *p != '\n');
+       }
+       else
+           break;
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+/* Parse POSIX character classes: [[:foo:]], [[=foo=]], [[.foo.]].
+   Character classes ([:foo:]) can also be negated ([:^foo:]).
+   Returns a named class id (ANYOF_XXX) if successful, -1 otherwise.
+   Equivalence classes ([=foo=]) and composites ([.foo.]) are parsed,
+   but trigger warnings because they are currently unimplemented. */
+STATIC I32
+S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ I32 value)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    char *posixcc = 0;
+    I32 namedclass = OOB_NAMEDCLASS;
+
+    if (value == '[' && PL_regcomp_parse + 1 < PL_regxend &&
+       /* I smell either [: or [= or [. -- POSIX has been here, right? */
+       (*PL_regcomp_parse == ':' ||
+        *PL_regcomp_parse == '=' ||
+        *PL_regcomp_parse == '.')) {
+       char  c = *PL_regcomp_parse;
+       char* s = PL_regcomp_parse++;
+           
+       while (PL_regcomp_parse < PL_regxend && *PL_regcomp_parse != c)
+           PL_regcomp_parse++;
+       if (PL_regcomp_parse == PL_regxend)
+           /* Grandfather lone [:, [=, [. */
+           PL_regcomp_parse = s;
+       else {
+           char* t = PL_regcomp_parse++; /* skip over the c */
+
+           if (*PL_regcomp_parse == ']') {
+               PL_regcomp_parse++; /* skip over the ending ] */
+               posixcc = s + 1;
+               if (*s == ':') {
+                   I32 complement = *posixcc == '^' ? *posixcc++ : 0;
+                   I32 skip = 5; /* the most common skip */
+
+                   switch (*posixcc) {
+                   case 'a':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "alnum", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NALNUMC : ANYOF_ALNUMC;
+                       else if (strnEQ(posixcc, "alpha", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NALPHA : ANYOF_ALPHA;
+                       else if (strnEQ(posixcc, "ascii", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NASCII : ANYOF_ASCII;
+                       break;
+                   case 'c':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "cntrl", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NCNTRL : ANYOF_CNTRL;
+                       break;
+                   case 'd':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "digit", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NDIGIT : ANYOF_DIGIT;
+                       break;
+                   case 'g':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "graph", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NGRAPH : ANYOF_GRAPH;
+                       break;
+                   case 'l':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "lower", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NLOWER : ANYOF_LOWER;
+                       break;
+                   case 'p':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "print", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NPRINT : ANYOF_PRINT;
+                       else if (strnEQ(posixcc, "punct", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NPUNCT : ANYOF_PUNCT;
+                       break;
+                   case 's':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "space", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NSPACE : ANYOF_SPACE;
+                   case 'u':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "upper", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NUPPER : ANYOF_UPPER;
+                       break;
+                   case 'w': /* this is not POSIX, this is the Perl \w */
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "word", 4)) {
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NALNUM : ANYOF_ALNUM;
+                           skip = 4;
+                       }
+                       break;
+                   case 'x':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "xdigit", 6)) {
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NXDIGIT : ANYOF_XDIGIT;
+                           skip = 6;
+                       }
+                       break;
+                   }
+                   if ((namedclass == OOB_NAMEDCLASS ||
+                        !(posixcc + skip + 2 < PL_regxend &&
+                          (posixcc[skip] == ':' &&
+                           posixcc[skip + 1] == ']'))))
+                       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Character class [:%.*s:] unknown",
+                                  t - s - 1, s + 1); 
+               } else if (ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE) && !SIZE_ONLY)
+                   /* [[=foo=]] and [[.foo.]] are still future. */
+                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE,
+                               "Character class syntax [%c %c] is reserved for future extensions", c, c);
+           } else {
+               /* Maternal grandfather:
+                * "[:" ending in ":" but not in ":]" */
+               PL_regcomp_parse = s;
+           }
+       }
+    }
+
+    return namedclass;
+}
+
+STATIC void
+S_checkposixcc(pTHX)
+{
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE) &&
+       (*PL_regcomp_parse == ':' ||
+        *PL_regcomp_parse == '=' ||
+        *PL_regcomp_parse == '.')) {
+       char *s = PL_regcomp_parse;
+       char  c = *s++;
+
+       while(*s && isALNUM(*s))
+           s++;
+       if (*s && c == *s && s[1] == ']') {
+           Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE,
+                       "Character class syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes", c, c);
+           if (c == '=' || c == '.')
+               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE,
+                           "Character class syntax [%c %c] is reserved for future extensions", c, c);
+       }
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC regnode *
+S_regclass(pTHX)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    register UV value;
+    register I32 lastvalue = OOB_CHAR8;
+    register I32 range = 0;
+    register regnode *ret;
+    register I32 def;
+    I32 numlen;
+    I32 namedclass;
+    char *rangebegin;
+    bool need_class = 0;
+
+    ret = reg_node(ANYOF);
+    if (SIZE_ONLY)
+       PL_regsize += ANYOF_SKIP;
+    else {
+       ret->flags = 0;
+       ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(ret);
+       PL_regcode += ANYOF_SKIP;
+       if (FOLD)
+           ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_FOLD;
+       if (LOC)
+           ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+    }
+    if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '^') {    /* Complement of range. */
+       PL_regnaughty++;
+       PL_regcomp_parse++;
+       if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+           ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_INVERT;
+    }
 
-#ifdef REGALIGN
-#ifndef lint
-       if (!((long)ret & 1))
-           *ret++ = 127;
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE))
+       checkposixcc();
+
+    if (*PL_regcomp_parse == ']' || *PL_regcomp_parse == '-')
+       goto skipcond;          /* allow 1st char to be ] or - */
+    while (PL_regcomp_parse < PL_regxend && *PL_regcomp_parse != ']') {
+       skipcond:
+       namedclass = OOB_NAMEDCLASS;
+       if (!range)
+           rangebegin = PL_regcomp_parse;
+       value = UCHARAT(PL_regcomp_parse++);
+       if (value == '[')
+           namedclass = regpposixcc(value);
+       else if (value == '\\') {
+           value = UCHARAT(PL_regcomp_parse++);
+           switch (value) {
+           case 'w':   namedclass = ANYOF_ALNUM;       break;
+           case 'W':   namedclass = ANYOF_NALNUM;      break;
+           case 's':   namedclass = ANYOF_SPACE;       break;
+           case 'S':   namedclass = ANYOF_NSPACE;      break;
+           case 'd':   namedclass = ANYOF_DIGIT;       break;
+           case 'D':   namedclass = ANYOF_NDIGIT;      break;
+           case 'n':   value = '\n';                   break;
+           case 'r':   value = '\r';                   break;
+           case 't':   value = '\t';                   break;
+           case 'f':   value = '\f';                   break;
+           case 'b':   value = '\b';                   break;
+#ifdef ASCIIish
+           case 'e':   value = '\033';                 break;
+           case 'a':   value = '\007';                 break;
+#else
+           case 'e':   value = '\047';                 break;
+           case 'a':   value = '\057';                 break;
+#endif
+           case 'x':
+               value = (UV)scan_hex(PL_regcomp_parse, 2, &numlen);
+               PL_regcomp_parse += numlen;
+               break;
+           case 'c':
+               value = UCHARAT(PL_regcomp_parse++);
+               value = toCTRL(value);
+               break;
+           case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+           case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+               value = (UV)scan_oct(--PL_regcomp_parse, 3, &numlen);
+               PL_regcomp_parse += numlen;
+               break;
+           default:
+               if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE) && isALPHA(value))
+                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE, 
+                               "/%.127s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through",
+                               PL_regprecomp,
+                               (int)value);
+               break;
+           }
+       }
+       if (namedclass > OOB_NAMEDCLASS) {
+           if (!need_class && !SIZE_ONLY)
+               ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(ret);
+           need_class = 1;
+           if (range) { /* a-\d, a-[:digit:] */
+               if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+                   if (ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE))
+                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE,
+                                   "/%.127s/: false [] range \"%*.*s\" in regexp",
+                                   PL_regprecomp,
+                                   PL_regcomp_parse - rangebegin,
+                                   PL_regcomp_parse - rangebegin,
+                                   rangebegin);
+                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, lastvalue);
+                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, '-');
+               }
+               range = 0; /* this is not a true range */
+           }
+           if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+               switch (namedclass) {
+               case ANYOF_ALNUM:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isALNUM(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NALNUM:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isALNUM(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_SPACE:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_SPACE);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isSPACE(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NSPACE:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isSPACE(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_DIGIT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_DIGIT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = '0'; value <= '9'; value++)
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NDIGIT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NDIGIT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < '0'; value++)
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                       for (value = '9' + 1; value < 256; value++)
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NALNUMC:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NALNUMC);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isALNUMC(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_ALNUMC:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_ALNUMC);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isALNUMC(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_ALPHA:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_ALPHA);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isALPHA(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NALPHA:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NALPHA);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isALPHA(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_ASCII:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_ASCII);
+                   else {
+#ifdef ASCIIish
+                       for (value = 0; value < 128; value++)
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+#else  /* EBCDIC */
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isASCII(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+#endif /* EBCDIC */
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NASCII:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NASCII);
+                   else {
+#ifdef ASCIIish
+                       for (value = 128; value < 256; value++)
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+#else  /* EBCDIC */
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isASCII(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+#endif /* EBCDIC */
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_CNTRL:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_CNTRL);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isCNTRL(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   lastvalue = OOB_CHAR8;
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NCNTRL:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NCNTRL);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isCNTRL(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_GRAPH:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_GRAPH);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isGRAPH(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NGRAPH:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NGRAPH);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isGRAPH(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_LOWER:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_LOWER);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isLOWER(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NLOWER:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NLOWER);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isLOWER(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_PRINT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_PRINT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isPRINT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NPRINT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NPRINT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isPRINT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_PUNCT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_PUNCT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isPUNCT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NPUNCT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NPUNCT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isPUNCT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_UPPER:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_UPPER);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isUPPER(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NUPPER:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NUPPER);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isUPPER(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_XDIGIT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_XDIGIT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isXDIGIT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NXDIGIT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NXDIGIT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isXDIGIT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               default:
+                   FAIL("invalid [::] class in regexp");
+                   break;
+               }
+               if (LOC)
+                   ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_CLASS;
+               continue;
+           }
+       }
+       if (range) {
+           if (lastvalue > value) /* b-a */ {
+               Perl_croak(aTHX_
+                          "/%.127s/: invalid [] range \"%*.*s\" in regexp",
+                          PL_regprecomp,
+                          PL_regcomp_parse - rangebegin,
+                          PL_regcomp_parse - rangebegin,
+                          rangebegin);
+           }
+           range = 0;
+       }
+       else {
+           lastvalue = value;
+           if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '-' && PL_regcomp_parse+1 < PL_regxend &&
+               PL_regcomp_parse[1] != ']') {
+               PL_regcomp_parse++;
+               if (namedclass > OOB_NAMEDCLASS) { /* \w-, [:word:]- */
+                   if (ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE))
+                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE,
+                                   "/%.127s/: false [] range \"%*.*s\" in regexp",
+                                   PL_regprecomp,
+                                   PL_regcomp_parse - rangebegin,
+                                   PL_regcomp_parse - rangebegin,
+                                   rangebegin);
+                   if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+                       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, '-');
+               } else
+                   range = 1;
+               continue;       /* do it next time */
+           }
+       }
+       /* now is the next time */
+       if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+#ifndef ASCIIish /* EBCDIC, for example. */
+           if ((isLOWER(lastvalue) && isLOWER(value)) ||
+               (isUPPER(lastvalue) && isUPPER(value)))
+           {
+               I32 i;
+               if (isLOWER(lastvalue)) {
+                   for (i = lastvalue; i <= value; i++)
+                       if (isLOWER(i))
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, i);
+               } else {
+                   for (i = lastvalue; i <= value; i++)
+                       if (isUPPER(i))
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, i);
+               }
+           }
+           else
 #endif
+               for ( ; lastvalue <= value; lastvalue++)
+                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, lastvalue);
+        }
+       range = 0;
+    }
+    if (need_class) {
+       if (SIZE_ONLY)
+           PL_regsize += ANYOF_CLASS_ADD_SKIP;
+       else
+           PL_regcode += ANYOF_CLASS_ADD_SKIP;
+    }
+    /* optimize case-insensitive simple patterns (e.g. /[a-z]/i) */
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY &&
+       (ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & (ANYOF_FLAGS_ALL ^ ANYOF_INVERT)) == ANYOF_FOLD) {
+       for (value = 0; value < 256; ++value) {
+           if (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(ret, value)) {
+               I32 cf = PL_fold[value];
+               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, cf);
+           }
+       }
+       ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) &= ~ANYOF_FOLD;
+    }
+    /* optimize inverted simple patterns (e.g. [^a-z]) */
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY && (ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & ANYOF_FLAGS_ALL) == ANYOF_INVERT) {
+       for (value = 0; value < ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE; ++value)
+           ANYOF_BITMAP(ret)[value] ^= ANYOF_FLAGS_ALL;
+       ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) = 0;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+STATIC regnode *
+S_regclassutf8(pTHX)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    register char *e;
+    register UV value;
+    register U32 lastvalue = OOB_UTF8;
+    register I32 range = 0;
+    register regnode *ret;
+    I32 numlen;
+    I32 n;
+    SV *listsv;
+    U8 flags = 0;
+    I32 namedclass;
+    char *rangebegin;
+
+    if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '^') {    /* Complement of range. */
+       PL_regnaughty++;
+       PL_regcomp_parse++;
+       if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+           flags |= ANYOF_INVERT;
+    }
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+       if (FOLD)
+           flags |= ANYOF_FOLD;
+       if (LOC)
+           flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+       listsv = newSVpvn("# comment\n",10);
+    }
+
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE))
+       checkposixcc();
+
+    if (*PL_regcomp_parse == ']' || *PL_regcomp_parse == '-')
+       goto skipcond;          /* allow 1st char to be ] or - */
+
+    while (PL_regcomp_parse < PL_regxend && *PL_regcomp_parse != ']') {
+       skipcond:
+       namedclass = OOB_NAMEDCLASS;
+       if (!range)
+           rangebegin = PL_regcomp_parse;
+       value = utf8_to_uv((U8*)PL_regcomp_parse, &numlen);
+       PL_regcomp_parse += numlen;
+       if (value == '[')
+           namedclass = regpposixcc(value);
+       else if (value == '\\') {
+           value = utf8_to_uv((U8*)PL_regcomp_parse, &numlen);
+           PL_regcomp_parse += numlen;
+           switch (value) {
+           case 'w':           namedclass = ANYOF_ALNUM;               break;
+           case 'W':           namedclass = ANYOF_NALNUM;              break;
+           case 's':           namedclass = ANYOF_SPACE;               break;
+           case 'S':           namedclass = ANYOF_NSPACE;              break;
+           case 'd':           namedclass = ANYOF_DIGIT;               break;
+           case 'D':           namedclass = ANYOF_NDIGIT;              break;
+           case 'p':
+           case 'P':
+               if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '{') {
+                   e = strchr(PL_regcomp_parse++, '}');
+                    if (!e)
+                        FAIL("Missing right brace on \\p{}");
+                   n = e - PL_regcomp_parse;
+               }
+               else {
+                   e = PL_regcomp_parse;
+                   n = 1;
+               }
+               if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+                   if (value == 'p')
+                       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
+                                      "+utf8::%.*s\n", n, PL_regcomp_parse);
+                   else
+                       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
+                                      "!utf8::%.*s\n", n, PL_regcomp_parse);
+               }
+               PL_regcomp_parse = e + 1;
+               lastvalue = OOB_UTF8;
+               continue;
+           case 'n':           value = '\n';           break;
+           case 'r':           value = '\r';           break;
+           case 't':           value = '\t';           break;
+           case 'f':           value = '\f';           break;
+           case 'b':           value = '\b';           break;
+#ifdef ASCIIish
+           case 'e':           value = '\033';         break;
+           case 'a':           value = '\007';         break;
+#else
+           case 'e':           value = '\047';         break;
+           case 'a':           value = '\057';         break;
 #endif
-       ptr = ret;
-       *ptr++ = op;
-       *ptr++ = '\0';          /* Null "next" pointer. */
-       *ptr++ = '\0';
-       regcode = ptr;
+           case 'x':
+               if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '{') {
+                   e = strchr(PL_regcomp_parse++, '}');
+                    if (!e)
+                        FAIL("Missing right brace on \\x{}");
+                   value = (UV)scan_hex(PL_regcomp_parse,
+                                    e - PL_regcomp_parse,
+                                    &numlen);
+                   PL_regcomp_parse = e + 1;
+               }
+               else {
+                   value = (UV)scan_hex(PL_regcomp_parse, 2, &numlen);
+                   PL_regcomp_parse += numlen;
+               }
+               break;
+           case 'c':
+               value = UCHARAT(PL_regcomp_parse++);
+               value = toCTRL(value);
+               break;
+           case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+           case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+               value = (UV)scan_oct(--PL_regcomp_parse, 3, &numlen);
+               PL_regcomp_parse += numlen;
+               break;
+           default:
+               if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE) && isALPHA(value))
+                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE, 
+                               "/%.127s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through",
+                               PL_regprecomp,
+                               (int)value);
+               break;
+           }
+       }
+       if (namedclass > OOB_NAMEDCLASS) {
+           if (range) { /* a-\d, a-[:digit:] */
+               if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+                   if (ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE))
+                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE,
+                                   "/%.127s/: false [] range \"%*.*s\" in regexp",
+                                   PL_regprecomp,
+                                   PL_regcomp_parse - rangebegin,
+                                   PL_regcomp_parse - rangebegin,
+                                   rangebegin);
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
+                                  /* 0x002D is Unicode for '-' */
+                                  "%04"UVxf"\n002D\n", (UV)lastvalue);
+               }
+               range = 0;
+           }
+           if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+               switch (namedclass) {
+               case ANYOF_ALNUM:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsWord\n");    break;
+               case ANYOF_NALNUM:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsWord\n");    break;
+               case ANYOF_ALNUMC:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsAlnum\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_NALNUMC:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsAlnum\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_ALPHA:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsAlpha\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_NALPHA:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsAlpha\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_ASCII:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsASCII\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_NASCII:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsASCII\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_CNTRL:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsCntrl\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_NCNTRL:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsCntrl\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_GRAPH:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsGraph\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_NGRAPH:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsGraph\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_DIGIT:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsDigit\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_NDIGIT:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsDigit\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_LOWER:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsLower\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_NLOWER:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsLower\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_PRINT:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsPrint\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_NPRINT:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsPrint\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_PUNCT:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsPunct\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_NPUNCT:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsPunct\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_SPACE:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsSpace\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_NSPACE:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsSpace\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_UPPER:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsUpper\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_NUPPER:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsUpper\n");   break;
+               case ANYOF_XDIGIT:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsXDigit\n");  break;
+               case ANYOF_NXDIGIT:
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsXDigit\n");  break;
+               }
+               continue;
+           }
+       }
+        if (range) {
+           if (lastvalue > value) { /* b-a */
+               Perl_croak(aTHX_
+                          "/%.127s/: invalid [] range \"%*.*s\" in regexp",
+                          PL_regprecomp,
+                          PL_regcomp_parse - rangebegin,
+                          PL_regcomp_parse - rangebegin,
+                          rangebegin);
+           }
+           range = 0;
+       }
+       else {
+           lastvalue = value;
+           if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '-' && PL_regcomp_parse+1 < PL_regxend &&
+               PL_regcomp_parse[1] != ']') {
+               PL_regcomp_parse++;
+               if (namedclass > OOB_NAMEDCLASS) { /* \w-, [:word:]- */
+                   if (ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE))
+                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE,
+                                   "/%.127s/: false [] range \"%*.*s\" in regexp",
+                                   PL_regprecomp,
+                                   PL_regcomp_parse - rangebegin,
+                                   PL_regcomp_parse - rangebegin,
+                                   rangebegin);
+                   if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+                       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
+                                      /* 0x002D is Unicode for '-' */
+                                      "002D\n");
+               } else
+                   range = 1;
+               continue;       /* do it next time */
+           }
+       }
+       /* now is the next time */
+       if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+           Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04"UVxf"\t%04"UVxf"\n",
+                          (UV)lastvalue, (UV)value);
+       range = 0;
+    }
 
-       return(ret);
+    ret = reganode(ANYOFUTF8, 0);
+
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+       SV *rv = swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, 1, 0);
+       SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
+       n = add_data(1,"s");
+       PL_regcomp_rx->data->data[n] = (void*)rv;
+       ARG1_SET(ret, flags);
+       ARG2_SET(ret, n);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- - reganode - emit a node with an argument
- */
-static char *                  /* Location. */
-reganode(op, arg)
-char op;
-unsigned short arg;
+STATIC char*
+S_nextchar(pTHX)
 {
-       register char *ret;
-       register char *ptr;
-
-       ret = regcode;
-       if (ret == &regdummy) {
-#ifdef REGALIGN
-               if (!(regsize & 1))
-                       regsize++;
-#endif
-               regsize += 5;
-               return(ret);
+    dTHR;
+    char* retval = PL_regcomp_parse++;
+
+    for (;;) {
+       if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '(' && PL_regcomp_parse[1] == '?' &&
+               PL_regcomp_parse[2] == '#') {
+           while (*PL_regcomp_parse && *PL_regcomp_parse != ')')
+               PL_regcomp_parse++;
+           PL_regcomp_parse++;
+           continue;
+       }
+       if (PL_regflags & PMf_EXTENDED) {
+           if (isSPACE(*PL_regcomp_parse)) {
+               PL_regcomp_parse++;
+               continue;
+           }
+           else if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '#') {
+               while (*PL_regcomp_parse && *PL_regcomp_parse != '\n')
+                   PL_regcomp_parse++;
+               PL_regcomp_parse++;
+               continue;
+           }
        }
+       return retval;
+    }
+}
 
-#ifdef REGALIGN
-#ifndef lint
-       if (!((long)ret & 1))
-           *ret++ = 127;
-#endif
-#endif
-       ptr = ret;
-       *ptr++ = op;
-       *ptr++ = '\0';          /* Null "next" pointer. */
-       *ptr++ = '\0';
-#ifdef REGALIGN
-       *(unsigned short *)(ret+3) = arg;
-#else
-       ret[3] = arg >> 8; ret[4] = arg & 0377;
-#endif
-       ptr += 2;
-       regcode = ptr;
+/*
+- reg_node - emit a node
+*/
+STATIC regnode *                       /* Location. */
+S_reg_node(pTHX_ U8 op)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    register regnode *ret;
+    register regnode *ptr;
 
+    ret = PL_regcode;
+    if (SIZE_ONLY) {
+       SIZE_ALIGN(PL_regsize);
+       PL_regsize += 1;
        return(ret);
+    }
+
+    NODE_ALIGN_FILL(ret);
+    ptr = ret;
+    FILL_ADVANCE_NODE(ptr, op);
+    PL_regcode = ptr;
+
+    return(ret);
 }
 
 /*
- - regc - emit (if appropriate) a byte of code
- */
-static void
-regc(b)
-char b;
+- reganode - emit a node with an argument
+*/
+STATIC regnode *                       /* Location. */
+S_reganode(pTHX_ U8 op, U32 arg)
 {
-       if (regcode != &regdummy)
-               *regcode++ = b;
-       else
-               regsize++;
+    dTHR;
+    register regnode *ret;
+    register regnode *ptr;
+
+    ret = PL_regcode;
+    if (SIZE_ONLY) {
+       SIZE_ALIGN(PL_regsize);
+       PL_regsize += 2;
+       return(ret);
+    }
+
+    NODE_ALIGN_FILL(ret);
+    ptr = ret;
+    FILL_ADVANCE_NODE_ARG(ptr, op, arg);
+    PL_regcode = ptr;
+
+    return(ret);
 }
 
 /*
- - reginsert - insert an operator in front of already-emitted operand
- *
- * Means relocating the operand.
- */
-static void
-reginsert(op, opnd)
-char op;
-char *opnd;
+- reguni - emit (if appropriate) a Unicode character
+*/
+STATIC void
+S_reguni(pTHX_ UV uv, char* s, I32* lenp)
 {
-       register char *src;
-       register char *dst;
-       register char *place;
-       register offset = (op == CURLY ? 4 : 0);
-
-       if (regcode == &regdummy) {
-#ifdef REGALIGN
-               regsize += 4 + offset;
-#else
-               regsize += 3 + offset;
-#endif
-               return;
-       }
+    dTHR;
+    if (SIZE_ONLY) {
+       U8 tmpbuf[10];
+       *lenp = uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, uv) - tmpbuf;
+    }
+    else
+       *lenp = uv_to_utf8((U8*)s, uv) - (U8*)s;
 
-       src = regcode;
-#ifdef REGALIGN
-       regcode += 4 + offset;
-#else
-       regcode += 3 + offset;
-#endif
-       dst = regcode;
-       while (src > opnd)
-               *--dst = *--src;
-
-       place = opnd;           /* Op node, where operand used to be. */
-       *place++ = op;
-       *place++ = '\0';
-       *place++ = '\0';
-       while (offset-- > 0)
-           *place++ = '\0';
-#ifdef REGALIGN
-       *place++ = '\177';
-#endif
 }
 
 /*
- - regtail - set the next-pointer at the end of a node chain
- */
-static void
-regtail(p, val)
-char *p;
-char *val;
+- reginsert - insert an operator in front of already-emitted operand
+*
+* Means relocating the operand.
+*/
+STATIC void
+S_reginsert(pTHX_ U8 op, regnode *opnd)
 {
-       register char *scan;
-       register char *temp;
-       register I32 offset;
-
-       if (p == &regdummy)
-               return;
-
-       /* Find last node. */
-       scan = p;
-       for (;;) {
-               temp = regnext(scan);
-               if (temp == NULL)
-                       break;
-               scan = temp;
-       }
+    dTHR;
+    register regnode *src;
+    register regnode *dst;
+    register regnode *place;
+    register int offset = regarglen[(U8)op];
+    
+/* (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == CURLY ? EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS : 0); */
 
-#ifdef REGALIGN
-       offset = val - scan;
-#ifndef lint
-       *(short*)(scan+1) = offset;
-#else
-       offset = offset;
-#endif
-#else
-       if (OP(scan) == BACK)
-               offset = scan - val;
-       else
-               offset = val - scan;
-       *(scan+1) = (offset>>8)&0377;
-       *(scan+2) = offset&0377;
-#endif
+    if (SIZE_ONLY) {
+       PL_regsize += NODE_STEP_REGNODE + offset;
+       return;
+    }
+
+    src = PL_regcode;
+    PL_regcode += NODE_STEP_REGNODE + offset;
+    dst = PL_regcode;
+    while (src > opnd)
+       StructCopy(--src, --dst, regnode);
+
+    place = opnd;              /* Op node, where operand used to be. */
+    src = NEXTOPER(place);
+    FILL_ADVANCE_NODE(place, op);
+    Zero(src, offset, regnode);
 }
 
 /*
- - regoptail - regtail on operand of first argument; nop if operandless
- */
-static void
-regoptail(p, val)
-char *p;
-char *val;
+- regtail - set the next-pointer at the end of a node chain of p to val.
+*/
+STATIC void
+S_regtail(pTHX_ regnode *p, regnode *val)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    register regnode *scan;
+    register regnode *temp;
+    register I32 offset;
+
+    if (SIZE_ONLY)
+       return;
+
+    /* Find last node. */
+    scan = p;
+    for (;;) {
+       temp = regnext(scan);
+       if (temp == NULL)
+           break;
+       scan = temp;
+    }
+
+    if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)]) {
+       ARG_SET(scan, val - scan);
+    }
+    else {
+       NEXT_OFF(scan) = val - scan;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+- regoptail - regtail on operand of first argument; nop if operandless
+*/
+STATIC void
+S_regoptail(pTHX_ regnode *p, regnode *val)
 {
-       /* "Operandless" and "op != BRANCH" are synonymous in practice. */
-       if (p == NULL || p == &regdummy || OP(p) != BRANCH)
-               return;
+    dTHR;
+    /* "Operandless" and "op != BRANCH" are synonymous in practice. */
+    if (p == NULL || SIZE_ONLY)
+       return;
+    if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(p)] == BRANCH) {
        regtail(NEXTOPER(p), val);
+    }
+    else if ( PL_regkind[(U8)OP(p)] == BRANCHJ) {
+       regtail(NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(p)), val);
+    }
+    else
+       return;
 }
 
 /*
  - regcurly - a little FSA that accepts {\d+,?\d*}
  */
 STATIC I32
-regcurly(s)
-register char *s;
+S_regcurly(pTHX_ register char *s)
 {
     if (*s++ != '{')
        return FALSE;
@@ -1278,184 +3754,463 @@ register char *s;
     return TRUE;
 }
 
+
+STATIC regnode *
+S_dumpuntil(pTHX_ regnode *start, regnode *node, regnode *last, SV* sv, I32 l)
+{
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
+    register U8 op = EXACT;    /* Arbitrary non-END op. */
+    register regnode *next, *onode;
+
+    while (op != END && (!last || node < last)) {
+       /* While that wasn't END last time... */
+
+       NODE_ALIGN(node);
+       op = OP(node);
+       if (op == CLOSE)
+           l--;        
+       next = regnext(node);
+       /* Where, what. */
+       if (OP(node) == OPTIMIZED)
+           goto after_print;
+       regprop(sv, node);
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%4"IVdf":%*s%s", (IV)(node - start),
+                     (int)(2*l + 1), "", SvPVX(sv));
+       if (next == NULL)               /* Next ptr. */
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "(0)");
+       else 
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "(%"IVdf")", (IV)(next - start));
+       (void)PerlIO_putc(Perl_debug_log, '\n');
+      after_print:
+       if (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == BRANCHJ) {
+           register regnode *nnode = (OP(next) == LONGJMP 
+                                      ? regnext(next) 
+                                      : next);
+           if (last && nnode > last)
+               nnode = last;
+           node = dumpuntil(start, NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(node)), nnode, sv, l + 1);
+       }
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == BRANCH) {
+           node = dumpuntil(start, NEXTOPER(node), next, sv, l + 1);
+       }
+       else if ( op == CURLY) {   /* `next' might be very big: optimizer */
+           node = dumpuntil(start, NEXTOPER(node) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS,
+                            NEXTOPER(node) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS + 1, sv, l + 1);
+       }
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == CURLY && op != CURLYX) {
+           node = dumpuntil(start, NEXTOPER(node) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS,
+                            next, sv, l + 1);
+       }
+       else if ( op == PLUS || op == STAR) {
+           node = dumpuntil(start, NEXTOPER(node), NEXTOPER(node) + 1, sv, l + 1);
+       }
+       else if (op == ANYOF) {
+           node = NEXTOPER(node);
+           node += ANYOF_SKIP;
+       }
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == EXACT) {
+            /* Literal string, where present. */
+           node += NODE_SZ_STR(node) - 1;
+           node = NEXTOPER(node);
+       }
+       else {
+           node = NEXTOPER(node);
+           node += regarglen[(U8)op];
+       }
+       if (op == CURLYX || op == OPEN)
+           l++;
+       else if (op == WHILEM)
+           l--;
+    }
+#endif /* DEBUGGING */
+    return node;
+}
 
 /*
- - regdump - dump a regexp onto stderr in vaguely comprehensible form
+ - regdump - dump a regexp onto Perl_debug_log in vaguely comprehensible form
  */
 void
-regdump(r)
-regexp *r;
+Perl_regdump(pTHX_ regexp *r)
 {
-       register char *s;
-       register char op = EXACTLY;     /* Arbitrary non-END op. */
-       register char *next;
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    dTHR;
+    SV *sv = sv_newmortal();
 
+    (void)dumpuntil(r->program, r->program + 1, NULL, sv, 0);
 
-       s = r->program + 1;
-       while (op != END) {     /* While that wasn't END last time... */
-#ifdef REGALIGN
-               if (!((long)s & 1))
-                       s++;
-#endif
-               op = OP(s);
-               fprintf(stderr,"%2d%s", s-r->program, regprop(s));      /* Where, what. */
-               next = regnext(s);
-               s += regarglen[op];
-               if (next == NULL)               /* Next ptr. */
-                       fprintf(stderr,"(0)");
-               else 
-                       fprintf(stderr,"(%d)", (s-r->program)+(next-s));
-               s += 3;
-               if (op == ANYOF) {
-                       s += 32;
-               }
-               if (op == EXACTLY) {
-                       /* Literal string, where present. */
-                       s++;
-                       while (*s != '\0') {
-                               (void)putc(*s, stderr);
-                               s++;
-                       }
-                       s++;
-               }
-               (void)putc('\n', stderr);
-       }
-
-       /* Header fields of interest. */
-       if (r->regstart)
-               fprintf(stderr,"start `%s' ", SvPVX(r->regstart));
-       if (r->regstclass)
-               fprintf(stderr,"stclass `%s' ", regprop(r->regstclass));
-       if (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH)
-               fprintf(stderr,"anchored ");
-       if (r->reganch & ROPT_SKIP)
-               fprintf(stderr,"plus ");
-       if (r->reganch & ROPT_IMPLICIT)
-               fprintf(stderr,"implicit ");
-       if (r->regmust != NULL)
-               fprintf(stderr,"must have \"%s\" back %d ", SvPVX(r->regmust),
-                 r->regback);
-       fprintf(stderr, "minlen %d ", r->minlen);
-       fprintf(stderr,"\n");
+    /* Header fields of interest. */
+    if (r->anchored_substr)
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                     "anchored `%s%.*s%s'%s at %"IVdf" ", 
+                     PL_colors[0],
+                     (int)(SvCUR(r->anchored_substr) - (SvTAIL(r->anchored_substr)!=0)),
+                     SvPVX(r->anchored_substr), 
+                     PL_colors[1],
+                     SvTAIL(r->anchored_substr) ? "$" : "",
+                     (IV)r->anchored_offset);
+    if (r->float_substr)
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                     "floating `%s%.*s%s'%s at %"IVdf"..%"UVuf" ", 
+                     PL_colors[0],
+                     (int)(SvCUR(r->float_substr) - (SvTAIL(r->float_substr)!=0)), 
+                     SvPVX(r->float_substr),
+                     PL_colors[1],
+                     SvTAIL(r->float_substr) ? "$" : "",
+                     (IV)r->float_min_offset, (UV)r->float_max_offset);
+    if (r->check_substr)
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, 
+                     r->check_substr == r->float_substr 
+                     ? "(checking floating" : "(checking anchored");
+    if (r->reganch & ROPT_NOSCAN)
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " noscan");
+    if (r->reganch & ROPT_CHECK_ALL)
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " isall");
+    if (r->check_substr)
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, ") ");
+
+    if (r->regstclass) {
+       regprop(sv, r->regstclass);
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "stclass `%s' ", SvPVX(sv));
+    }
+    if (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH) {
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "anchored");
+       if (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_BOL)
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "(BOL)");
+       if (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_MBOL)
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "(MBOL)");
+       if (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_SBOL)
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "(SBOL)");
+       if (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_GPOS)
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "(GPOS)");
+       PerlIO_putc(Perl_debug_log, ' ');
+    }
+    if (r->reganch & ROPT_GPOS_SEEN)
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "GPOS ");
+    if (r->reganch & ROPT_SKIP)
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "plus ");
+    if (r->reganch & ROPT_IMPLICIT)
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "implicit ");
+    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "minlen %ld ", (long) r->minlen);
+    if (r->reganch & ROPT_EVAL_SEEN)
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "with eval ");
+    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n");
+#endif /* DEBUGGING */
+}
+
+STATIC void
+S_put_byte(pTHX_ SV *sv, int c)
+{
+    if (c <= ' ' || c == 127 || c == 255)
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "\\%o", c);
+    else if (c == '-' || c == ']' || c == '\\' || c == '^')
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "\\%c", c);
+    else
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%c", c);
 }
 
 /*
- - regprop - printable representation of opcode
- */
-char *
-regprop(op)
-char *op;
+- regprop - printable representation of opcode
+*/
+void
+Perl_regprop(pTHX_ SV *sv, regnode *o)
 {
-       register char *p;
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    dTHR;
+    register int k;
 
-       (void) strcpy(buf, ":");
+    sv_setpvn(sv, "", 0);
+    if (OP(o) >= reg_num)              /* regnode.type is unsigned */
+       FAIL("corrupted regexp opcode");
+    sv_catpv(sv, (char*)reg_name[OP(o)]); /* Take off const! */
 
-       switch (OP(op)) {
-       case BOL:
-               p = "BOL";
-               break;
-       case EOL:
-               p = "EOL";
-               break;
-       case ANY:
-               p = "ANY";
-               break;
-       case ANYOF:
-               p = "ANYOF";
-               break;
-       case BRANCH:
-               p = "BRANCH";
-               break;
-       case EXACTLY:
-               p = "EXACTLY";
-               break;
-       case NOTHING:
-               p = "NOTHING";
-               break;
-       case BACK:
-               p = "BACK";
-               break;
-       case END:
-               p = "END";
-               break;
-       case ALNUM:
-               p = "ALNUM";
-               break;
-       case NALNUM:
-               p = "NALNUM";
-               break;
-       case BOUND:
-               p = "BOUND";
-               break;
-       case NBOUND:
-               p = "NBOUND";
-               break;
-       case SPACE:
-               p = "SPACE";
-               break;
-       case NSPACE:
-               p = "NSPACE";
-               break;
-       case DIGIT:
-               p = "DIGIT";
-               break;
-       case NDIGIT:
-               p = "NDIGIT";
-               break;
-       case CURLY:
-               (void)sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "CURLY {%d,%d}",
-                   ARG1(op),ARG2(op));
-               p = NULL;
-               break;
-       case REF:
-               (void)sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "REF%d", ARG1(op));
-               p = NULL;
+    k = PL_regkind[(U8)OP(o)];
+
+    if (k == EXACT)
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " <%s%.*s%s>", PL_colors[0],
+                      STR_LEN(o), STRING(o), PL_colors[1]);
+    else if (k == CURLY) {
+       if (OP(o) == CURLYM || OP(o) == CURLYN)
+           Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d]", o->flags); /* Parenth number */
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " {%d,%d}", ARG1(o), ARG2(o));
+    }
+    else if (k == WHILEM && o->flags)                  /* Ordinal/of */
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d/%d]", o->flags & 0xf, o->flags>>4);
+    else if (k == REF || k == OPEN || k == CLOSE || k == GROUPP )
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%d", ARG(o)); /* Parenth number */
+    else if (k == LOGICAL)
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d]", o->flags);     /* 2: embedded, otherwise 1 */
+    else if (k == ANYOF) {
+       int i, rangestart = -1;
+       const char * const out[] = {    /* Should be syncronized with
+                                          a table in regcomp.h */
+           "\\w",
+           "\\W",
+           "\\s",
+           "\\S",
+           "\\d",
+           "\\D",
+           "[:alnum:]",
+           "[:^alnum:]",
+           "[:alpha:]",
+           "[:^alpha:]",
+           "[:ascii:]",
+           "[:^ascii:]",
+           "[:ctrl:]",
+           "[:^ctrl:]",
+           "[:graph:]",
+           "[:^graph:]",
+           "[:lower:]",
+           "[:^lower:]",
+           "[:print:]",
+           "[:^print:]",
+           "[:punct:]",
+           "[:^punct:]",
+           "[:upper:]",
+           "[:!upper:]",
+           "[:xdigit:]",
+           "[:^xdigit:]"
+       };
+
+       if (o->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+           sv_catpv(sv, "{loc}");
+       if (o->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)
+           sv_catpv(sv, "{i}");
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%s", PL_colors[0]);
+       if (o->flags & ANYOF_INVERT)
+           sv_catpv(sv, "^");
+       for (i = 0; i <= 256; i++) {
+           if (i < 256 && ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(o,i)) {
+               if (rangestart == -1)
+                   rangestart = i;
+           } else if (rangestart != -1) {
+               if (i <= rangestart + 3)
+                   for (; rangestart < i; rangestart++)
+                       put_byte(sv, rangestart);
+               else {
+                   put_byte(sv, rangestart);
+                   sv_catpv(sv, "-");
+                   put_byte(sv, i - 1);
+               }
+               rangestart = -1;
+           }
+       }
+       if (o->flags & ANYOF_CLASS)
+           for (i = 0; i < sizeof(out)/sizeof(char*); i++)
+               if (ANYOF_CLASS_TEST(o,i))
+                   sv_catpv(sv, out[i]);
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%s]", PL_colors[1]);
+    }
+    else if (k == BRANCHJ && (OP(o) == UNLESSM || OP(o) == IFMATCH))
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[-%d]", o->flags);
+#endif /* DEBUGGING */
+}
+
+SV *
+Perl_re_intuit_string(pTHX_ regexp *prog)
+{                              /* Assume that RE_INTUIT is set */
+    DEBUG_r(
+       {   STRLEN n_a;
+           char *s = SvPV(prog->check_substr,n_a);
+
+           if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors();
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                     "%sUsing REx substr:%s `%s%.60s%s%s'\n",
+                     PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
+                     s,
+                     PL_colors[1],
+                     (strlen(s) > 60 ? "..." : ""));
+       } );
+
+    return prog->check_substr;
+}
+
+void
+Perl_pregfree(pTHX_ struct regexp *r)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    DEBUG_r(if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors());
+
+    if (!r || (--r->refcnt > 0))
+       return;
+    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                     "%sFreeing REx:%s `%s%.60s%s%s'\n",
+                     PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
+                     r->precomp,
+                     PL_colors[1],
+                     (strlen(r->precomp) > 60 ? "..." : "")));
+
+    if (r->precomp)
+       Safefree(r->precomp);
+    if (RX_MATCH_COPIED(r))
+       Safefree(r->subbeg);
+    if (r->substrs) {
+       if (r->anchored_substr)
+           SvREFCNT_dec(r->anchored_substr);
+       if (r->float_substr)
+           SvREFCNT_dec(r->float_substr);
+       Safefree(r->substrs);
+    }
+    if (r->data) {
+       int n = r->data->count;
+       AV* new_comppad = NULL;
+       AV* old_comppad;
+       SV** old_curpad;
+
+       while (--n >= 0) {
+           switch (r->data->what[n]) {
+           case 's':
+               SvREFCNT_dec((SV*)r->data->data[n]);
                break;
-       case OPEN:
-               (void)sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "OPEN%d", ARG1(op));
-               p = NULL;
+           case 'f':
+               Safefree(r->data->data[n]);
                break;
-       case CLOSE:
-               (void)sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "CLOSE%d", ARG1(op));
-               p = NULL;
+           case 'p':
+               new_comppad = (AV*)r->data->data[n];
                break;
-       case STAR:
-               p = "STAR";
+           case 'o':
+               if (new_comppad == NULL)
+                   Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: pregfree comppad");
+               old_comppad = PL_comppad;
+               old_curpad = PL_curpad;
+               PL_comppad = new_comppad;
+               PL_curpad = AvARRAY(new_comppad);
+               op_free((OP_4tree*)r->data->data[n]);
+               PL_comppad = old_comppad;
+               PL_curpad = old_curpad;
+               SvREFCNT_dec((SV*)new_comppad);
+               new_comppad = NULL;
                break;
-       case PLUS:
-               p = "PLUS";
+           case 'n':
                break;
-       default:
-               FAIL("corrupted regexp opcode");
+           default:
+               FAIL2("panic: regfree data code '%c'", r->data->what[n]);
+           }
        }
-       if (p != NULL)
-               (void) strcat(buf, p);
-       return(buf);
+       Safefree(r->data->what);
+       Safefree(r->data);
+    }
+    Safefree(r->startp);
+    Safefree(r->endp);
+    Safefree(r);
+}
+
+/*
+ - regnext - dig the "next" pointer out of a node
+ *
+ * [Note, when REGALIGN is defined there are two places in regmatch()
+ * that bypass this code for speed.]
+ */
+regnode *
+Perl_regnext(pTHX_ register regnode *p)
+{
+    dTHR;
+    register I32 offset;
+
+    if (p == &PL_regdummy)
+       return(NULL);
+
+    offset = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(p)] ? ARG(p) : NEXT_OFF(p));
+    if (offset == 0)
+       return(NULL);
+
+    return(p+offset);
+}
+
+STATIC void    
+S_re_croak2(pTHX_ const char* pat1,const char* pat2,...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    STRLEN l1 = strlen(pat1);
+    STRLEN l2 = strlen(pat2);
+    char buf[512];
+    SV *msv;
+    char *message;
+
+    if (l1 > 510)
+       l1 = 510;
+    if (l1 + l2 > 510)
+       l2 = 510 - l1;
+    Copy(pat1, buf, l1 , char);
+    Copy(pat2, buf + l1, l2 , char);
+    buf[l1 + l2] = '\n';
+    buf[l1 + l2 + 1] = '\0';
+#ifdef I_STDARG
+    /* ANSI variant takes additional second argument */
+    va_start(args, pat2);
+#else
+    va_start(args);
+#endif
+    msv = vmess(buf, &args);
+    va_end(args);
+    message = SvPV(msv,l1);
+    if (l1 > 512)
+       l1 = 512;
+    Copy(message, buf, l1 , char);
+    buf[l1] = '\0';                    /* Overwrite \n */
+    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s", buf);
 }
-#endif /* DEBUGGING */
+
+/* XXX Here's a total kludge.  But we need to re-enter for swash routines. */
 
 void
-regfree(r)
-struct regexp *r;
+Perl_save_re_context(pTHX)
+{                   
+    dTHR;
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_bostr);
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_regprecomp);           /* uncompiled string. */
+    SAVEI32(PL_regnpar);               /* () count. */
+    SAVEI32(PL_regsize);               /* Code size. */
+    SAVEI16(PL_regflags);              /* are we folding, multilining? */
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_reginput);             /* String-input pointer. */
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_regbol);               /* Beginning of input, for ^ check. */
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_regeol);               /* End of input, for $ check. */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_regstartp);            /* Pointer to startp array. */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_regendp);              /* Ditto for endp. */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_reglastparen);         /* Similarly for lastparen. */
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_regtill);              /* How far we are required to go. */
+    SAVEI8(PL_regprev);                        /* char before regbol, \n if none */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_start_tmp);                /* from regexec.c */
+    PL_reg_start_tmp = 0;
+    SAVEFREEPV(PL_reg_start_tmp);
+    SAVEI32(PL_reg_start_tmpl);                /* from regexec.c */
+    PL_reg_start_tmpl = 0;
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_regdata);
+    SAVEI32(PL_reg_flags);             /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEI32(PL_reg_eval_set);          /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEI32(PL_regnarrate);            /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_regprogram);           /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEINT(PL_regindent);             /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_regcc);                        /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_regcomp_rx);           /* from regcomp.c */
+    SAVEI32(PL_regseen);               /* from regcomp.c */
+    SAVEI32(PL_regsawback);            /* Did we see \1, ...? */
+    SAVEI32(PL_regnaughty);            /* How bad is this pattern? */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_regcode);              /* Code-emit pointer; &regdummy = don't */
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_regxend);              /* End of input for compile */
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_regcomp_parse);                /* Input-scan pointer. */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_call_cc);          /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_re);               /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_reg_ganch);            /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVESPTR(PL_reg_sv);               /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_magic);            /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEI32(PL_reg_oldpos);                    /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_oldcurpm);         /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_curpm);            /* from regexec.c */
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_reg_starttry);         /* from regexec.c */    
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef PERL_OBJECT
+#include "XSUB.h"
+#undef this
+#define this pPerl
+#endif
+
+static void
+clear_re(pTHXo_ void *r)
 {
-       if (r->precomp) {
-               Safefree(r->precomp);
-               r->precomp = Nullch;
-       }
-       if (r->subbase) {
-               Safefree(r->subbase);
-               r->subbase = Nullch;
-       }
-       if (r->regmust) {
-               SvREFCNT_dec(r->regmust);
-               r->regmust = Nullsv;
-       }
-       if (r->regstart) {
-               SvREFCNT_dec(r->regstart);
-               r->regstart = Nullsv;
-       }
-       Safefree(r->startp);
-       Safefree(r->endp);
-       Safefree(r);
+    ReREFCNT_dec((regexp *)r);
 }
+