Add make target "install-all" which is alias for "install"
[p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git] / regcomp.c
index 41c42fa..59b2712 100644 (file)
--- a/regcomp.c
+++ b/regcomp.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #    define PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
 #  endif
 /* need access to debugger hooks */
-#  ifndef DEBUGGING
+#  if defined(PERL_EXT_RE_DEBUG) && !defined(DEBUGGING)
 #    define DEBUGGING
 #  endif
 #endif
 #  define Perl_pregcomp my_regcomp
 #  define Perl_regdump my_regdump
 #  define Perl_regprop my_regprop
-/* *These* symbols are masked to allow static link. */
 #  define Perl_pregfree my_regfree
+#  define Perl_re_intuit_string my_re_intuit_string
+/* *These* symbols are masked to allow static link. */
 #  define Perl_regnext my_regnext
-#endif 
+#  define Perl_save_re_context my_save_re_context
+#  define Perl_reginitcolors my_reginitcolors
+
+#  define PERL_NO_GET_CONTEXT
+#endif
 
 /*SUPPRESS 112*/
 /*
@@ -64,7 +69,7 @@
  *
  ****    Alterations to Henry's code are...
  ****
- ****    Copyright (c) 1991-1997, Larry Wall
+ ****    Copyright (c) 1991-2001, Larry Wall
  ****
  ****    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
  ****    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
  * regular-expression syntax might require a total rethink.
  */
 #include "EXTERN.h"
+#define PERL_IN_REGCOMP_C
 #include "perl.h"
 
-#ifndef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
+#ifdef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
+#  if defined(PERL_CAPI) || defined(PERL_OBJECT)
+#    include "XSUB.h"
+#  endif
+#else
 #  include "INTERN.h"
 #endif
 
 #define        STATIC  static
 #endif
 
+typedef struct RExC_state_t {
+    U16                flags16;                /* are we folding, multilining? */
+    char       *precomp;               /* uncompiled string. */
+    regexp     *rx;
+    char       *start;                 /* Start of input for compile */
+    char       *end;                   /* End of input for compile */
+    char       *parse;                 /* Input-scan pointer. */
+    I32                whilem_seen;            /* number of WHILEM in this expr */
+    regnode    *emit_start;            /* Start of emitted-code area */
+    regnode    *emit;                  /* Code-emit pointer; &regdummy = don't = compiling */
+    I32                naughty;                /* How bad is this pattern? */
+    I32                sawback;                /* Did we see \1, ...? */
+    U32                seen;
+    I32                size;                   /* Code size. */
+    I32                npar;                   /* () count. */
+    I32                extralen;
+    I32                seen_zerolen;
+    I32                seen_evals;
+    I32                utf8;
+#if ADD_TO_REGEXEC
+    char       *starttry;              /* -Dr: where regtry was called. */
+#define RExC_starttry  (pRExC_state->starttry)
+#endif
+} RExC_state_t;
+
+#define RExC_flags16   (pRExC_state->flags16)
+#define RExC_precomp   (pRExC_state->precomp)
+#define RExC_rx                (pRExC_state->rx)
+#define RExC_start     (pRExC_state->start)
+#define RExC_end       (pRExC_state->end)
+#define RExC_parse     (pRExC_state->parse)
+#define RExC_whilem_seen       (pRExC_state->whilem_seen)
+#define RExC_offsets   (pRExC_state->rx->offsets) /* I am not like the others */
+#define RExC_emit      (pRExC_state->emit)
+#define RExC_emit_start        (pRExC_state->emit_start)
+#define RExC_naughty   (pRExC_state->naughty)
+#define RExC_sawback   (pRExC_state->sawback)
+#define RExC_seen      (pRExC_state->seen)
+#define RExC_size      (pRExC_state->size)
+#define RExC_npar      (pRExC_state->npar)
+#define RExC_extralen  (pRExC_state->extralen)
+#define RExC_seen_zerolen      (pRExC_state->seen_zerolen)
+#define RExC_seen_evals        (pRExC_state->seen_evals)
+#define RExC_utf8      (pRExC_state->utf8)
+
 #define        ISMULT1(c)      ((c) == '*' || (c) == '+' || (c) == '?')
 #define        ISMULT2(s)      ((*s) == '*' || (*s) == '+' || (*s) == '?' || \
        ((*s) == '{' && regcurly(s)))
-#ifdef atarist
-#define        PERL_META       "^$.[()|?+*\\"
-#else
-#define        META    "^$.[()|?+*\\"
-#endif
 
 #ifdef SPSTART
 #undef SPSTART         /* dratted cpp namespace... */
 #define        SPSTART         0x4     /* Starts with * or +. */
 #define TRYAGAIN       0x8     /* Weeded out a declaration. */
 
-/*
- * Forward declarations for pregcomp()'s friends.
- */
-
-#ifndef PERL_OBJECT
-static regnode *reg _((I32, I32 *));
-static regnode *reganode _((U8, U32));
-static regnode *regatom _((I32 *));
-static regnode *regbranch _((I32 *, I32));
-static void regc _((U8, char *));
-static regnode *regclass _((void));
-STATIC I32 regcurly _((char *));
-static regnode *reg_node _((U8));
-static regnode *regpiece _((I32 *));
-static void reginsert _((U8, regnode *));
-static void regoptail _((regnode *, regnode *));
-static void regtail _((regnode *, regnode *));
-static char* regwhite _((char *, char *));
-static char* nextchar _((void));
-static void re_croak2 _((const char* pat1,const char* pat2,...)) __attribute__((noreturn));
-#endif
-
 /* Length of a variant. */
 
-#ifndef PERL_OBJECT
-typedef struct {
+typedef struct scan_data_t {
     I32 len_min;
     I32 len_delta;
     I32 pos_min;
@@ -163,10 +190,17 @@ typedef struct {
     I32 offset_float_min;
     I32 offset_float_max;
     I32 flags;
+    I32 whilem_c;
+    I32 *last_closep;
+    struct regnode_charclass_class *start_class;
 } scan_data_t;
-#endif
 
-static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+/*
+ * Forward declarations for pregcomp()'s friends.
+ */
+
+static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                                     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
 
 #define SF_BEFORE_EOL          (SF_BEFORE_SEOL|SF_BEFORE_MEOL)
 #define SF_BEFORE_SEOL         0x1
@@ -192,29 +226,275 @@ static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
 #define SF_IN_PAR              0x100
 #define SF_HAS_EVAL            0x200
 #define SCF_DO_SUBSTR          0x400
+#define SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND     0x0800
+#define SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR      0x1000
+#define SCF_DO_STCLASS         (SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND|SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
+#define SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS 0x2000
+
+#define UTF RExC_utf8
+#define LOC (RExC_flags16 & PMf_LOCALE)
+#define FOLD (RExC_flags16 & PMf_FOLD)
+
+#define OOB_UNICODE            12345678
+#define OOB_NAMEDCLASS         -1
+
+#define CHR_SVLEN(sv) (UTF ? sv_len_utf8(sv) : SvCUR(sv))
+#define CHR_DIST(a,b) (UTF ? utf8_distance(a,b) : a - b)
+
+
+/* length of regex to show in messages that don't mark a position within */
+#define RegexLengthToShowInErrorMessages 127
+
+/*
+ * If MARKER[12] are adjusted, be sure to adjust the constants at the top
+ * of t/op/regmesg.t, the tests in t/op/re_tests, and those in
+ * op/pragma/warn/regcomp.
+ */
+#define MARKER1 "HERE"      /* marker as it appears in the description */
+#define MARKER2 " << HERE "  /* marker as it appears within the regex */
+
+#define REPORT_LOCATION " before " MARKER1 " mark in regex m/%.*s" MARKER2 "%s/"
+
+/*
+ * Calls SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X if needed, then calls Perl_croak with the given
+ * arg. Show regex, up to a maximum length. If it's too long, chop and add
+ * "...".
+ */
+#define        FAIL(msg)                                                             \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+        char *ellipses = "";                                                 \
+        unsigned len = strlen(RExC_precomp);                                \
+                                                                             \
+       if (!SIZE_ONLY)                                                      \
+           SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx);                 \
+                                                                             \
+       if (len > RegexLengthToShowInErrorMessages) {                        \
+            /* chop 10 shorter than the max, to ensure meaning of "..." */   \
+           len = RegexLengthToShowInErrorMessages - 10;                     \
+           ellipses = "...";                                                \
+       }                                                                    \
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s in regex m/%.*s%s/",                            \
+                  msg, (int)len, RExC_precomp, ellipses);                  \
+    } STMT_END
+
+/*
+ * Calls SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X if needed, then calls Perl_croak with the given
+ * args. Show regex, up to a maximum length. If it's too long, chop and add
+ * "...".
+ */
+#define        FAIL2(pat,msg)                                                        \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+        char *ellipses = "";                                                 \
+        unsigned len = strlen(RExC_precomp);                                \
+                                                                             \
+       if (!SIZE_ONLY)                                                      \
+           SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx);                 \
+                                                                             \
+       if (len > RegexLengthToShowInErrorMessages) {                        \
+            /* chop 10 shorter than the max, to ensure meaning of "..." */   \
+           len = RegexLengthToShowInErrorMessages - 10;                     \
+           ellipses = "...";                                                \
+       }                                                                    \
+       S_re_croak2(aTHX_ pat, " in regex m/%.*s%s/",                        \
+                   msg, (int)len, RExC_precomp, ellipses);                \
+    } STMT_END
+
+
+/*
+ * Simple_vFAIL -- like FAIL, but marks the current location in the scan
+ */
+#define        Simple_vFAIL(m)                                                      \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-RExC_parse); \
+                                                                             \
+      Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s" REPORT_LOCATION,               \
+                m, (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);     \
+    } STMT_END
+
+/*
+ * Calls SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X if needed, then Simple_vFAIL()
+ */
+#define        vFAIL(m)                                                             \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+      if (!SIZE_ONLY)                                                        \
+           SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx);                 \
+      Simple_vFAIL(m);                                                       \
+    } STMT_END
+
+/*
+ * Like Simple_vFAIL(), but accepts two arguments.
+ */
+#define        Simple_vFAIL2(m,a1)                                                  \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-RExC_parse); \
+                                                                             \
+      S_re_croak2(aTHX_ m, REPORT_LOCATION, a1,       \
+                 (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);       \
+    } STMT_END
+
+/*
+ * Calls SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X if needed, then Simple_vFAIL2().
+ */
+#define        vFAIL2(m,a1)                                                         \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+      if (!SIZE_ONLY)                                                        \
+           SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx);                 \
+      Simple_vFAIL2(m, a1);                                                  \
+    } STMT_END
+
+
+/*
+ * Like Simple_vFAIL(), but accepts three arguments.
+ */
+#define        Simple_vFAIL3(m, a1, a2)                                             \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-RExC_parse); \
+                                                                             \
+      S_re_croak2(aTHX_ m, REPORT_LOCATION, a1, a2,   \
+                 (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);       \
+    } STMT_END
+
+/*
+ * Calls SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X if needed, then Simple_vFAIL3().
+ */
+#define        vFAIL3(m,a1,a2)                                                      \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+      if (!SIZE_ONLY)                                                        \
+           SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx);                 \
+      Simple_vFAIL3(m, a1, a2);                                              \
+    } STMT_END
+
+/*
+ * Like Simple_vFAIL(), but accepts four arguments.
+ */
+#define        Simple_vFAIL4(m, a1, a2, a3)                                         \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-RExC_parse); \
+                                                                             \
+      S_re_croak2(aTHX_ m, REPORT_LOCATION, a1, a2, a3,\
+                 (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);       \
+    } STMT_END
+
+/*
+ * Like Simple_vFAIL(), but accepts five arguments.
+ */
+#define        Simple_vFAIL5(m, a1, a2, a3, a4)                                     \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-RExC_parse); \
+      S_re_croak2(aTHX_ m, REPORT_LOCATION, a1, a2, a3, a4,\
+                 (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);       \
+    } STMT_END
+
+
+#define        vWARN(loc,m)                                                         \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+        unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-(loc));          \
+       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_REGEXP, "%s" REPORT_LOCATION,\
+                m, (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);          \
+    } STMT_END                                                               \
+
+
+#define        vWARN2(loc, m, a1)                                                   \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+        unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-(loc));          \
+       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_REGEXP, m REPORT_LOCATION,\
+                 a1,                                                         \
+                (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);        \
+    } STMT_END
+
+#define        vWARN3(loc, m, a1, a2)                                               \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp) - (RExC_end - (loc));        \
+       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_REGEXP, m REPORT_LOCATION,                    \
+                 a1, a2,                                                     \
+                (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);        \
+    } STMT_END
+
+#define        vWARN4(loc, m, a1, a2, a3)                                           \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-(loc));            \
+       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_REGEXP, m REPORT_LOCATION,\
+                 a1, a2, a3,                                                 \
+                (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);        \
+    } STMT_END
+
+
+/* Allow for side effects in s */
+#define REGC(c,s) STMT_START { if (!SIZE_ONLY) *(s) = (c); else (s);} STMT_END
+
+/* Macros for recording node offsets.   20001227 mjd@plover.com 
+ * Nodes are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4.  Node #n's position is recorded in
+ * element 2*n-1 of the array.  Element #2n holds the byte length node #n.
+ * Element 0 holds the number n.
+ */
+
+#define MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG(x)
+/* #define MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG(x) fprintf x */
+
+
+#  define Set_Node_Offset_To_R(node,byte)                           \
+   STMT_START {                                        \
+     if (! SIZE_ONLY) {                                  \
+       if((node) < 0) {                   \
+         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "value of node is %d in Offset macro", node); \
+       } else {                                                        \
+         RExC_offsets[2*(node)-1] = (byte);                               \
+       }                                                               \
+     }                                                                 \
+   } STMT_END
+
+#  define Set_Node_Offset(node,byte) Set_Node_Offset_To_R((node)-RExC_emit_start, (byte)-RExC_start)
+#  define Set_Cur_Node_Offset Set_Node_Offset(RExC_emit, RExC_parse)
+
+#  define Set_Node_Length_To_R(node,len)                            \
+   STMT_START {                                        \
+     if (! SIZE_ONLY) {                                  \
+       MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG((stderr, "** (%d) size of node %d is %d.\n", __LINE__, (node), (len))); \
+       if((node) < 0) {                   \
+         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "value of node is %d in Length macro", node); \
+       } else {                                                        \
+         RExC_offsets[2*(node)] = (len);                               \
+       }                                                               \
+     }                                                                 \
+   } STMT_END
+
+#  define Set_Node_Length(node,len) Set_Node_Length_To_R((node)-RExC_emit_start, len)
+#  define Set_Cur_Node_Length(len)  Set_Node_Length(RExC_emit, len)
+#  define Set_Node_Cur_Length(node)   Set_Node_Length(node, RExC_parse - parse_start)
+
+/* Get offsets and lengths */
+#define Node_Offset(n) (RExC_offsets[2*((n)-RExC_emit_start)-1])
+#define Node_Length(n) (RExC_offsets[2*((n)-RExC_emit_start)])
+
+static void clear_re(pTHXo_ void *r);
+
+/* Mark that we cannot extend a found fixed substring at this point.
+   Updata the longest found anchored substring and the longest found
+   floating substrings if needed. */
 
 STATIC void
-scan_commit(scan_data_t *data)
+S_scan_commit(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, scan_data_t *data)
 {
-    STRLEN l = SvCUR(data->last_found);
-    STRLEN old_l = SvCUR(*data->longest);
-    
+    STRLEN l = CHR_SVLEN(data->last_found);
+    STRLEN old_l = CHR_SVLEN(*data->longest);
+
     if ((l >= old_l) && ((l > old_l) || (data->flags & SF_BEFORE_EOL))) {
        sv_setsv(*data->longest, data->last_found);
        if (*data->longest == data->longest_fixed) {
            data->offset_fixed = l ? data->last_start_min : data->pos_min;
            if (data->flags & SF_BEFORE_EOL)
-               data->flags 
+               data->flags
                    |= ((data->flags & SF_BEFORE_EOL) << SF_FIX_SHIFT_EOL);
            else
                data->flags &= ~SF_FIX_BEFORE_EOL;
-       } else {
+       }
+       else {
            data->offset_float_min = l ? data->last_start_min : data->pos_min;
-           data->offset_float_max = (l 
-                                     ? data->last_start_max 
+           data->offset_float_max = (l
+                                     ? data->last_start_max
                                      : data->pos_min + data->pos_delta);
            if (data->flags & SF_BEFORE_EOL)
-               data->flags 
+               data->flags
                    |= ((data->flags & SF_BEFORE_EOL) << SF_FL_SHIFT_EOL);
            else
                data->flags &= ~SF_FL_BEFORE_EOL;
@@ -225,137 +505,308 @@ scan_commit(scan_data_t *data)
     data->flags &= ~SF_BEFORE_EOL;
 }
 
+/* Can match anything (initialization) */
+STATIC void
+S_cl_anything(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
+{
+    int value;
+
+    ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(cl);
+    for (value = 0; value < 256; ++value)
+       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(cl, value);
+    cl->flags = ANYOF_EOS|ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
+    if (LOC)
+       cl->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+}
+
+/* Can match anything (initialization) */
+STATIC int
+S_cl_is_anything(pTHX_ struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
+{
+    int value;
+
+    for (value = 0; value <= ANYOF_MAX; value += 2)
+       if (ANYOF_CLASS_TEST(cl, value) && ANYOF_CLASS_TEST(cl, value + 1))
+           return 1;
+    if (!(cl->flags & ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL))
+       return 0;
+    for (value = 0; value < 256; ++value)
+       if (!ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(cl, value))
+           return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* Can match anything (initialization) */
+STATIC void
+S_cl_init(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
+{
+    Zero(cl, 1, struct regnode_charclass_class);
+    cl->type = ANYOF;
+    cl_anything(pRExC_state, cl);
+}
+
+STATIC void
+S_cl_init_zero(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
+{
+    Zero(cl, 1, struct regnode_charclass_class);
+    cl->type = ANYOF;
+    cl_anything(pRExC_state, cl);
+    if (LOC)
+       cl->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+}
+
+/* 'And' a given class with another one.  Can create false positives */
+/* We assume that cl is not inverted */
+STATIC void
+S_cl_and(pTHX_ struct regnode_charclass_class *cl,
+        struct regnode_charclass_class *and_with)
+{
+    if (!(and_with->flags & ANYOF_CLASS)
+       && !(cl->flags & ANYOF_CLASS)
+       && (and_with->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) == (cl->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+       && !(and_with->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)
+       && !(cl->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)) {
+       int i;
+
+       if (and_with->flags & ANYOF_INVERT)
+           for (i = 0; i < ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE; i++)
+               cl->bitmap[i] &= ~and_with->bitmap[i];
+       else
+           for (i = 0; i < ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE; i++)
+               cl->bitmap[i] &= and_with->bitmap[i];
+    } /* XXXX: logic is complicated otherwise, leave it along for a moment. */
+    if (!(and_with->flags & ANYOF_EOS))
+       cl->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+
+    if (cl->flags & ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL && and_with->flags & ANYOF_UNICODE) {
+       cl->flags &= ~ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
+       cl->flags |= ANYOF_UNICODE;
+       ARG_SET(cl, ARG(and_with));
+    }
+    if (!(and_with->flags & ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL))
+       cl->flags &= ~ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
+    if (!(and_with->flags & (ANYOF_UNICODE|ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL)))
+       cl->flags &= ~ANYOF_UNICODE;
+}
+
+/* 'OR' a given class with another one.  Can create false positives */
+/* We assume that cl is not inverted */
+STATIC void
+S_cl_or(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl, struct regnode_charclass_class *or_with)
+{
+    if (or_with->flags & ANYOF_INVERT) {
+       /* We do not use
+        * (B1 | CL1) | (!B2 & !CL2) = (B1 | !B2 & !CL2) | (CL1 | (!B2 & !CL2))
+        *   <= (B1 | !B2) | (CL1 | !CL2)
+        * which is wasteful if CL2 is small, but we ignore CL2:
+        *   (B1 | CL1) | (!B2 & !CL2) <= (B1 | CL1) | !B2 = (B1 | !B2) | CL1
+        * XXXX Can we handle case-fold?  Unclear:
+        *   (OK1(i) | OK1(i')) | !(OK1(i) | OK1(i')) =
+        *   (OK1(i) | OK1(i')) | (!OK1(i) & !OK1(i'))
+        */
+       if ( (or_with->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) == (cl->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+            && !(or_with->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)
+            && !(cl->flags & ANYOF_FOLD) ) {
+           int i;
+
+           for (i = 0; i < ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE; i++)
+               cl->bitmap[i] |= ~or_with->bitmap[i];
+       } /* XXXX: logic is complicated otherwise */
+       else {
+           cl_anything(pRExC_state, cl);
+       }
+    } else {
+       /* (B1 | CL1) | (B2 | CL2) = (B1 | B2) | (CL1 | CL2)) */
+       if ( (or_with->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) == (cl->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+            && (!(or_with->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)
+                || (cl->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)) ) {
+           int i;
+
+           /* OR char bitmap and class bitmap separately */
+           for (i = 0; i < ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE; i++)
+               cl->bitmap[i] |= or_with->bitmap[i];
+           if (or_with->flags & ANYOF_CLASS) {
+               for (i = 0; i < ANYOF_CLASSBITMAP_SIZE; i++)
+                   cl->classflags[i] |= or_with->classflags[i];
+               cl->flags |= ANYOF_CLASS;
+           }
+       }
+       else { /* XXXX: logic is complicated, leave it along for a moment. */
+           cl_anything(pRExC_state, cl);
+       }
+    }
+    if (or_with->flags & ANYOF_EOS)
+       cl->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+
+    if (cl->flags & ANYOF_UNICODE && or_with->flags & ANYOF_UNICODE &&
+       ARG(cl) != ARG(or_with)) {
+       cl->flags |= ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
+       cl->flags &= ~ANYOF_UNICODE;
+    }
+    if (or_with->flags & ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL) {
+       cl->flags |= ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
+       cl->flags &= ~ANYOF_UNICODE;
+    }
+}
+
+/* REx optimizer.  Converts nodes into quickier variants "in place".
+   Finds fixed substrings.  */
+
 /* Stops at toplevel WHILEM as well as at `last'. At end *scanp is set
    to the position after last scanned or to NULL. */
 
 STATIC I32
-study_chunk(regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32 flags)
+S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32 flags)
                        /* scanp: Start here (read-write). */
                        /* deltap: Write maxlen-minlen here. */
                        /* last: Stop before this one. */
 {
-    dTHR;
     I32 min = 0, pars = 0, code;
     regnode *scan = *scanp, *next;
     I32 delta = 0;
     int is_inf = (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) && (data->flags & SF_IS_INF);
+    int is_inf_internal = 0;           /* The studied chunk is infinite */
     I32 is_par = OP(scan) == OPEN ? ARG(scan) : 0;
     scan_data_t data_fake;
-    
+    struct regnode_charclass_class and_with; /* Valid if flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR */
+
     while (scan && OP(scan) != END && scan < last) {
        /* Peephole optimizer: */
 
-       if (regkind[(U8)OP(scan)] == EXACT) {
+       if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)] == EXACT) {
+           /* Merge several consecutive EXACTish nodes into one. */
            regnode *n = regnext(scan);
            U32 stringok = 1;
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
            regnode *stop = scan;
-#endif 
+#endif
 
-           next = scan + (*OPERAND(scan) + 2 - 1)/sizeof(regnode) + 2;
+           next = scan + NODE_SZ_STR(scan);
            /* Skip NOTHING, merge EXACT*. */
            while (n &&
-                  ( regkind[(U8)OP(n)] == NOTHING || 
+                  ( PL_regkind[(U8)OP(n)] == NOTHING ||
                     (stringok && (OP(n) == OP(scan))))
                   && NEXT_OFF(n)
                   && NEXT_OFF(scan) + NEXT_OFF(n) < I16_MAX) {
                if (OP(n) == TAIL || n > next)
                    stringok = 0;
-               if (regkind[(U8)OP(n)] == NOTHING) {
+               if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(n)] == NOTHING) {
                    NEXT_OFF(scan) += NEXT_OFF(n);
                    next = n + NODE_STEP_REGNODE;
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
                    if (stringok)
                        stop = n;
-#endif 
+#endif
                    n = regnext(n);
-               } else {
-                   int oldl = *OPERAND(scan);
+               }
+               else if (stringok) {
+                   int oldl = STR_LEN(scan);
                    regnode *nnext = regnext(n);
-                   
-                   if (oldl + *OPERAND(n) > U8_MAX) 
+
+                   if (oldl + STR_LEN(n) > U8_MAX)
                        break;
                    NEXT_OFF(scan) += NEXT_OFF(n);
-                   *OPERAND(scan) += *OPERAND(n);
-                   next = n + (*OPERAND(n) + 2 - 1)/sizeof(regnode) + 2;
+                   STR_LEN(scan) += STR_LEN(n);
+                   next = n + NODE_SZ_STR(n);
                    /* Now we can overwrite *n : */
-                   Move(OPERAND(n) + 1, OPERAND(scan) + oldl + 1,
-                        *OPERAND(n) + 1, char);
+                   Move(STRING(n), STRING(scan) + oldl, STR_LEN(n), char);
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
-                   if (stringok)
-                       stop = next - 1;
-#endif 
+                   stop = next - 1;
+#endif
                    n = nnext;
                }
            }
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
            /* Allow dumping */
-           n = scan + (*OPERAND(scan) + 2 - 1)/sizeof(regnode) + 2;
+           n = scan + NODE_SZ_STR(scan);
            while (n <= stop) {
-               /* Purify reports a benign UMR here sometimes, because we
-                * don't initialize the OP() slot of a node when that node
-                * is occupied by just the trailing null of the string in
-                * an EXACT node */
-               if (regkind[(U8)OP(n)] != NOTHING || OP(n) == NOTHING) {
+               if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(n)] != NOTHING || OP(n) == NOTHING) {
                    OP(n) = OPTIMIZED;
                    NEXT_OFF(n) = 0;
                }
                n++;
            }
-#endif 
-
+#endif
        }
+       /* Follow the next-chain of the current node and optimize
+          away all the NOTHINGs from it.  */
        if (OP(scan) != CURLYX) {
-           int max = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)] ? I32_MAX : U16_MAX);
+           int max = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)]
+                      ? I32_MAX
+                      /* I32 may be smaller than U16 on CRAYs! */
+                      : (I32_MAX < U16_MAX ? I32_MAX : U16_MAX));
            int off = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)] ? ARG(scan) : NEXT_OFF(scan));
            int noff;
            regnode *n = scan;
-           
+       
            /* Skip NOTHING and LONGJMP. */
            while ((n = regnext(n))
-                  && ((regkind[(U8)OP(n)] == NOTHING && (noff = NEXT_OFF(n)))
+                  && ((PL_regkind[(U8)OP(n)] == NOTHING && (noff = NEXT_OFF(n)))
                       || ((OP(n) == LONGJMP) && (noff = ARG(n))))
                   && off + noff < max)
                off += noff;
            if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)])
                ARG(scan) = off;
-           else 
+           else
                NEXT_OFF(scan) = off;
        }
-       if (OP(scan) == BRANCH || OP(scan) == BRANCHJ 
+       /* The principal pseudo-switch.  Cannot be a switch, since we
+          look into several different things.  */
+       if (OP(scan) == BRANCH || OP(scan) == BRANCHJ
                   || OP(scan) == IFTHEN || OP(scan) == SUSPEND) {
            next = regnext(scan);
            code = OP(scan);
-           
-           if (OP(next) == code || code == IFTHEN || code == SUSPEND) { 
+       
+           if (OP(next) == code || code == IFTHEN || code == SUSPEND) {
                I32 max1 = 0, min1 = I32_MAX, num = 0;
+               struct regnode_charclass_class accum;
                
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR)
-                   scan_commit(data);
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) /* XXXX Add !SUSPEND? */
+                   scan_commit(pRExC_state, data); /* Cannot merge strings after this. */
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
+                   cl_init_zero(pRExC_state, &accum);
                while (OP(scan) == code) {
-                   I32 deltanext, minnext;
+                   I32 deltanext, minnext, f = 0, fake;
+                   struct regnode_charclass_class this_class;
 
                    num++;
                    data_fake.flags = 0;
+                   if (data) {         
+                       data_fake.whilem_c = data->whilem_c;
+                       data_fake.last_closep = data->last_closep;
+                   }
+                   else
+                       data_fake.last_closep = &fake;
                    next = regnext(scan);
                    scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
                    if (code != BRANCH)
                        scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
-                   /* We suppose the run is continuous, last=next...*/
-                   minnext = study_chunk(&scan, &deltanext, next,
-                                         &data_fake, 0);
-                   if (min1 > minnext) 
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
+                       cl_init(pRExC_state, &this_class);
+                       data_fake.start_class = &this_class;
+                       f = SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                   }           
+                   if (flags & SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS)
+                       f |= SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS;
+                   /* we suppose the run is continuous, last=next...*/
+                   minnext = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &scan, &deltanext,
+                                         next, &data_fake, f);
+                   if (min1 > minnext)
                        min1 = minnext;
                    if (max1 < minnext + deltanext)
                        max1 = minnext + deltanext;
                    if (deltanext == I32_MAX)
-                       is_inf = 1;
+                       is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
                    scan = next;
                    if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
                        pars++;
                    if (data && (data_fake.flags & SF_HAS_EVAL))
                        data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
-                   if (code == SUSPEND) 
+                   if (data)
+                       data->whilem_c = data_fake.whilem_c;
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
+                       cl_or(pRExC_state, &accum, &this_class);
+                   if (code == SUSPEND)
                        break;
                }
                if (code == IFTHEN && num < 2) /* Empty ELSE branch */
@@ -368,48 +819,151 @@ study_chunk(regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32
                }
                min += min1;
                delta += max1 - min1;
-           } else if (code == BRANCHJ) /* single branch is optimized. */
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                   cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class, &accum);
+                   if (min1) {
+                       cl_and(data->start_class, &and_with);
+                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+                   }
+               }
+               else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                   if (min1) {
+                       cl_and(data->start_class, &accum);
+                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       /* Switch to OR mode: cache the old value of
+                        * data->start_class */
+                       StructCopy(data->start_class, &and_with,
+                                  struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                       StructCopy(&accum, data->start_class,
+                                  struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                       flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                   }
+               }
+           }
+           else if (code == BRANCHJ)   /* single branch is optimized. */
                scan = NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(scan));
            else                        /* single branch is optimized. */
                scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
            continue;
-       } else if (OP(scan) == EXACT) {
-           min += *OPERAND(scan);
+       }
+       else if (OP(scan) == EXACT) {
+           I32 l = STR_LEN(scan);
+           UV uc = *((U8*)STRING(scan));
+           if (UTF) {
+               U8 *s = (U8*)STRING(scan);
+               l = utf8_length(s, s + l);
+               uc = utf8_to_uvchr(s, NULL);
+           }
+           min += l;
            if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) { /* Update longest substr. */
-               I32 l = *OPERAND(scan);
-
                /* The code below prefers earlier match for fixed
                   offset, later match for variable offset.  */
                if (data->last_end == -1) { /* Update the start info. */
                    data->last_start_min = data->pos_min;
                    data->last_start_max = is_inf
-                       ? I32_MAX : data->pos_min + data->pos_delta; 
+                       ? I32_MAX : data->pos_min + data->pos_delta;
                }
-               sv_catpvn(data->last_found, (char *)(OPERAND(scan)+1), l);
+               sv_catpvn(data->last_found, STRING(scan), STR_LEN(scan));
                data->last_end = data->pos_min + l;
                data->pos_min += l; /* As in the first entry. */
                data->flags &= ~SF_BEFORE_EOL;
            }
-       } else if (regkind[(U8)OP(scan)] == EXACT) {
-           if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) 
-               scan_commit(data);
-           min += *OPERAND(scan);
+           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+               /* Check whether it is compatible with what we know already! */
+               int compat = 1;
+
+               if (uc >= 0x100 ||
+                   !(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
+                   && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, uc)
+                   && (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)
+                       || !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold[uc])))
+                   compat = 0;
+               ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(data->start_class);
+               ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(data->start_class);
+               if (compat)
+                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
+               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+               if (uc < 0x100)
+                 data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
+           }
+           else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+               /* false positive possible if the class is case-folded */
+               if (uc < 0x100)
+                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
+               else
+                   data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
+               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+               cl_and(data->start_class, &and_with);
+           }
+           flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+       }
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)] == EXACT) { /* But OP != EXACT! */
+           I32 l = STR_LEN(scan);
+           UV uc = *((U8*)STRING(scan));
+
+           /* Search for fixed substrings supports EXACT only. */
+           if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR)
+               scan_commit(pRExC_state, data);
+           if (UTF) {
+               U8 *s = (U8 *)STRING(scan);
+               l = utf8_length(s, s + l);
+               uc = utf8_to_uvchr(s, NULL);
+           }
+           min += l;
            if (data && (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR))
-               data->pos_min += *OPERAND(scan);
-       } else if (strchr(varies,OP(scan))) {
-           I32 mincount, maxcount, minnext, deltanext, pos_before, fl;
+               data->pos_min += l;
+           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+               /* Check whether it is compatible with what we know already! */
+               int compat = 1;
+
+               if (uc >= 0x100 ||
+                   !(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
+                   && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, uc)
+                   && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold[uc]))
+                   compat = 0;
+               ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(data->start_class);
+               ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(data->start_class);
+               if (compat) {
+                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
+                   data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+                   data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_FOLD;
+                   if (OP(scan) == EXACTFL)
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+               }
+           }
+           else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+               if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_FOLD) {
+                   /* false positive possible if the class is case-folded.
+                      Assume that the locale settings are the same... */
+                   if (uc < 0x100)
+                       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
+                   data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+               }
+               cl_and(data->start_class, &and_with);
+           }
+           flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+       }
+       else if (strchr((char*)PL_varies,OP(scan))) {
+           I32 mincount, maxcount, minnext, deltanext, fl;
+           I32 f = flags, pos_before = 0;
            regnode *oscan = scan;
-           
-           switch (regkind[(U8)OP(scan)]) {
-           case WHILEM:
+           struct regnode_charclass_class this_class;
+           struct regnode_charclass_class *oclass = NULL;
+
+           switch (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)]) {
+           case WHILEM:                /* End of (?:...)* . */
                scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
                goto finish;
            case PLUS:
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+               if (flags & (SCF_DO_SUBSTR | SCF_DO_STCLASS)) {
                    next = NEXTOPER(scan);
-                   if (OP(next) == EXACT) {
-                       mincount = 1; 
-                       maxcount = REG_INFTY; 
+                   if (OP(next) == EXACT || (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)) {
+                       mincount = 1;
+                       maxcount = REG_INFTY;
                        next = regnext(scan);
                        scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
                        goto do_curly;
@@ -420,21 +974,33 @@ study_chunk(regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32
                min++;
                /* Fall through. */
            case STAR:
-               is_inf = 1; 
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
+                   mincount = 0;
+                   maxcount = REG_INFTY;
+                   next = regnext(scan);
+                   scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
+                   goto do_curly;
+               }
+               is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
                scan = regnext(scan);
                if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-                   scan_commit(data);
+                   scan_commit(pRExC_state, data); /* Cannot extend fixed substrings */
                    data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
                }
                goto optimize_curly_tail;
            case CURLY:
-               mincount = ARG1(scan); 
+               mincount = ARG1(scan);
                maxcount = ARG2(scan);
                next = regnext(scan);
+               if (OP(scan) == CURLYX) {
+                   I32 lp = (data ? *(data->last_closep) : 0);
+
+                   scan->flags = ((lp <= U8_MAX) ? lp : U8_MAX);
+               }
                scan = NEXTOPER(scan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS;
              do_curly:
                if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-                   if (mincount == 0) scan_commit(data);
+                   if (mincount == 0) scan_commit(pRExC_state,data); /* Cannot extend fixed substrings */
                    pos_before = data->pos_min;
                }
                if (data) {
@@ -443,23 +1009,72 @@ study_chunk(regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32
                    if (is_inf)
                        data->flags |= SF_IS_INF;
                }
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
+                   cl_init(pRExC_state, &this_class);
+                   oclass = data->start_class;
+                   data->start_class = &this_class;
+                   f |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                   f &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
+               }
+               /* These are the cases when once a subexpression
+                  fails at a particular position, it cannot succeed
+                  even after backtracking at the enclosing scope.
+               
+                  XXXX what if minimal match and we are at the
+                       initial run of {n,m}? */
+               if ((mincount != maxcount - 1) && (maxcount != REG_INFTY))
+                   f &= ~SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS;
+
                /* This will finish on WHILEM, setting scan, or on NULL: */
-               minnext = study_chunk(&scan, &deltanext, last, data, 
-                                     mincount == 0 
-                                       ? (flags & ~SCF_DO_SUBSTR) : flags);
+               minnext = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &scan, &deltanext, last, data,
+                                     mincount == 0
+                                       ? (f & ~SCF_DO_SUBSTR) : f);
+
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
+                   data->start_class = oclass;
+               if (mincount == 0 || minnext == 0) {
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                       cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class, &this_class);
+                   }
+                   else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       /* Switch to OR mode: cache the old value of
+                        * data->start_class */
+                       StructCopy(data->start_class, &and_with,
+                                  struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                       StructCopy(&this_class, data->start_class,
+                                  struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                       flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                   }
+               } else {                /* Non-zero len */
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                       cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class, &this_class);
+                       cl_and(data->start_class, &and_with);
+                   }
+                   else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND)
+                       cl_and(data->start_class, &this_class);
+                   flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+               }
                if (!scan)              /* It was not CURLYX, but CURLY. */
                    scan = next;
-               if (PL_dowarn && (minnext + deltanext == 0) 
+               if (ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP) && (minnext + deltanext == 0)
                    && !(data->flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
-                   && maxcount <= 10000) /* Complement check for big count */
-                   warn("Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression");
+                   && maxcount <= REG_INFTY/3) /* Complement check for big count */
+               {
+                   vWARN(RExC_parse,
+                         "Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression");
+               }
+
                min += minnext * mincount;
-               is_inf |= (maxcount == REG_INFTY && (minnext + deltanext) > 0
-                          || deltanext == I32_MAX);
+               is_inf_internal |= ((maxcount == REG_INFTY
+                                    && (minnext + deltanext) > 0)
+                                   || deltanext == I32_MAX);
+               is_inf |= is_inf_internal;
                delta += (minnext + deltanext) * maxcount - minnext * mincount;
 
                /* Try powerful optimization CURLYX => CURLYN. */
-               if (  OP(oscan) == CURLYX && data 
+               if (  OP(oscan) == CURLYX && data
                      && data->flags & SF_IN_PAR
                      && !(data->flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
                      && !deltanext && minnext == 1 ) {
@@ -469,13 +1084,13 @@ study_chunk(regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32
 
                    /* Skip open. */
                    nxt = regnext(nxt);
-                   if (!strchr(simple,OP(nxt))
-                       && !(regkind[(U8)OP(nxt)] == EXACT
-                            && *OPERAND(nxt) == 1)) 
+                   if (!strchr((char*)PL_simple,OP(nxt))
+                       && !(PL_regkind[(U8)OP(nxt)] == EXACT
+                            && STR_LEN(nxt) == 1))
                        goto nogo;
                    nxt2 = nxt;
                    nxt = regnext(nxt);
-                   if (OP(nxt) != CLOSE) 
+                   if (OP(nxt) != CLOSE)
                        goto nogo;
                    /* Now we know that nxt2 is the only contents: */
                    oscan->flags = ARG(nxt);
@@ -488,12 +1103,12 @@ study_chunk(regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32
                    OP(nxt) = OPTIMIZED;        /* was CLOSE. */
                    OP(nxt + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
                    NEXT_OFF(nxt+ 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
-#endif 
+#endif
                }
              nogo:
 
                /* Try optimization CURLYX => CURLYM. */
-               if (  OP(oscan) == CURLYX && data 
+               if (  OP(oscan) == CURLYX && data
                      && !(data->flags & SF_HAS_PAR)
                      && !(data->flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
                      && !deltanext  ) {
@@ -504,7 +1119,7 @@ study_chunk(regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32
 
                    OP(oscan) = CURLYM;
                    while ( (nxt2 = regnext(nxt)) /* skip over embedded stuff*/
-                           && (OP(nxt2) != WHILEM)) 
+                           && (OP(nxt2) != WHILEM))
                        nxt = nxt2;
                    OP(nxt2)  = SUCCEED; /* Whas WHILEM */
                    /* Need to optimize away parenths. */
@@ -512,8 +1127,8 @@ study_chunk(regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32
                        /* Set the parenth number.  */
                        regnode *nxt1 = NEXTOPER(oscan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS; /* OPEN*/
 
-                       if (OP(nxt) != CLOSE) 
-                           FAIL("panic opt close");
+                       if (OP(nxt) != CLOSE)
+                           FAIL("Panic opt close");
                        oscan->flags = ARG(nxt);
                        OP(nxt1) = OPTIMIZED;   /* was OPEN. */
                        OP(nxt) = OPTIMIZED;    /* was CLOSE. */
@@ -522,11 +1137,11 @@ study_chunk(regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32
                        OP(nxt + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
                        NEXT_OFF(nxt1 + 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
                        NEXT_OFF(nxt + 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
-#endif 
+#endif
 #if 0
                        while ( nxt1 && (OP(nxt1) != WHILEM)) {
                            regnode *nnxt = regnext(nxt1);
-                           
+                       
                            if (nnxt == nxt) {
                                if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(nxt1)])
                                    ARG_SET(nxt1, nxt2 - nxt1);
@@ -539,38 +1154,65 @@ study_chunk(regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32
                        }
 #endif
                        /* Optimize again: */
-                       study_chunk(&nxt1, &deltanext, nxt, NULL, 0);
-                   } else
+                       study_chunk(pRExC_state, &nxt1, &deltanext, nxt,
+                                   NULL, 0);
+                   }
+                   else
                        oscan->flags = 0;
                }
-               if (data && fl & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR)) 
+               else if ((OP(oscan) == CURLYX)
+                        && (flags & SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS)
+                        /* See the comment on a similar expression above.
+                           However, this time it not a subexpression
+                           we care about, but the expression itself. */
+                        && (maxcount == REG_INFTY)
+                        && data && ++data->whilem_c < 16) {
+                   /* This stays as CURLYX, we can put the count/of pair. */
+                   /* Find WHILEM (as in regexec.c) */
+                   regnode *nxt = oscan + NEXT_OFF(oscan);
+
+                   if (OP(PREVOPER(nxt)) == NOTHING) /* LONGJMP */
+                       nxt += ARG(nxt);
+                   PREVOPER(nxt)->flags = data->whilem_c
+                       | (RExC_whilem_seen << 4); /* On WHILEM */
+               }
+               if (data && fl & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
                    pars++;
                if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
                    SV *last_str = Nullsv;
                    int counted = mincount != 0;
 
                    if (data->last_end > 0 && mincount != 0) { /* Ends with a string. */
-                       I32 b = pos_before >= data->last_start_min 
+                       I32 b = pos_before >= data->last_start_min
                            ? pos_before : data->last_start_min;
                        STRLEN l;
                        char *s = SvPV(data->last_found, l);
+                       I32 old = b - data->last_start_min;
+
+                       if (UTF)
+                           old = utf8_hop((U8*)s, old) - (U8*)s;
                        
-                       l -= b - data->last_start_min;
+                       l -= old;
                        /* Get the added string: */
-                       last_str = newSVpv(s  +  b - data->last_start_min, l);
+                       last_str = newSVpvn(s  + old, l);
                        if (deltanext == 0 && pos_before == b) {
                            /* What was added is a constant string */
                            if (mincount > 1) {
                                SvGROW(last_str, (mincount * l) + 1);
-                               repeatcpy(SvPVX(last_str) + l, 
+                               repeatcpy(SvPVX(last_str) + l,
                                          SvPVX(last_str), l, mincount - 1);
                                SvCUR(last_str) *= mincount;
                                /* Add additional parts. */
-                               SvCUR_set(data->last_found, 
+                               SvCUR_set(data->last_found,
                                          SvCUR(data->last_found) - l);
                                sv_catsv(data->last_found, last_str);
                                data->last_end += l * (mincount - 1);
                            }
+                       } else {
+                           /* start offset must point into the last copy */
+                           data->last_start_min += minnext * (mincount - 1);
+                           data->last_start_max += is_inf ? 0 : (maxcount - 1)
+                               * (minnext + data->pos_delta);
                        }
                    }
                    /* It is counted once already... */
@@ -578,62 +1220,283 @@ study_chunk(regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32
                    data->pos_delta += - counted * deltanext +
                        (minnext + deltanext) * maxcount - minnext * mincount;
                    if (mincount != maxcount) {
-                       scan_commit(data);
+                        /* Cannot extend fixed substrings found inside
+                           the group.  */
+                       scan_commit(pRExC_state,data);
                        if (mincount && last_str) {
                            sv_setsv(data->last_found, last_str);
                            data->last_end = data->pos_min;
-                           data->last_start_min = 
-                               data->pos_min - SvCUR(last_str);
-                           data->last_start_max = is_inf 
-                               ? I32_MAX 
+                           data->last_start_min =
+                               data->pos_min - CHR_SVLEN(last_str);
+                           data->last_start_max = is_inf
+                               ? I32_MAX
                                : data->pos_min + data->pos_delta
-                               - SvCUR(last_str);
+                               - CHR_SVLEN(last_str);
                        }
                        data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
                    }
+                   SvREFCNT_dec(last_str);
                }
                if (data && (fl & SF_HAS_EVAL))
                    data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
              optimize_curly_tail:
                if (OP(oscan) != CURLYX) {
-                   while (regkind[(U8)OP(next = regnext(oscan))] == NOTHING
+                   while (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(next = regnext(oscan))] == NOTHING
                           && NEXT_OFF(next))
                        NEXT_OFF(oscan) += NEXT_OFF(next);
                }
                continue;
-           default:                    /* REF only? */
+           default:                    /* REF and CLUMP only? */
                if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-                   scan_commit(data);
+                   scan_commit(pRExC_state,data);      /* Cannot expect anything... */
                    data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
                }
-               is_inf = 1;
+               is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
+                   cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
+               flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
                break;
            }
-       } else if (strchr(simple,OP(scan))) {
+       }
+       else if (strchr((char*)PL_simple,OP(scan))) {
+           int value;
+
            if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-               scan_commit(data);
+               scan_commit(pRExC_state,data);
                data->pos_min++;
            }
            min++;
-       } else if (regkind[(U8)OP(scan)] == EOL && flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
+               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS; /* No match on empty */
+
+               /* Some of the logic below assumes that switching
+                  locale on will only add false positives. */
+               switch (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)]) {
+               case SANY:
+               default:
+                 do_default:
+                   /* Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: unexpected simple REx opcode %d", OP(scan)); */
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) /* Allow everything */
+                       cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
+                   break;
+               case REG_ANY:
+                   if (OP(scan) == SANY)
+                       goto do_default;
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) { /* Everything but \n */
+                       value = (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class,'\n')
+                                || (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_CLASS));
+                       cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
+                   }
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND || !value)
+                       ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class,'\n');
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND)
+                       cl_and(data->start_class,
+                              (struct regnode_charclass_class*)scan);
+                   else
+                       cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class,
+                             (struct regnode_charclass_class*)scan);
+                   break;
+               case ALNUM:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (!isALNUM(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                       else {
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (isALNUM(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case ALNUML:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case NALNUM:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (isALNUM(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                       else {
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (!isALNUM(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case NALNUML:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case SPACE:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (!isSPACE(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
+                       else {
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (isSPACE(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case SPACEL:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case NSPACE:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (isSPACE(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                       else {
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (!isSPACE(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case NSPACEL:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (!isSPACE(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case DIGIT:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NDIGIT);
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isDIGIT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_DIGIT);
+                       else {
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (isDIGIT(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case NDIGIT:
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_DIGIT);
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isDIGIT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NDIGIT);
+                       else {
+                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                               if (!isDIGIT(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+               }
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
+                   cl_and(data->start_class, &and_with);
+               flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+           }
+       }
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)] == EOL && flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
            data->flags |= (OP(scan) == MEOL
                            ? SF_BEFORE_MEOL
                            : SF_BEFORE_SEOL);
-       } else if (regkind[(U8)OP(scan)] == BRANCHJ
-                  && (scan->flags || data)
+       }
+       else if (  PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)] == BRANCHJ
+                /* Lookbehind, or need to calculate parens/evals/stclass: */
+                  && (scan->flags || data || (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS))
                   && (OP(scan) == IFMATCH || OP(scan) == UNLESSM)) {
-           I32 deltanext, minnext;
+           /* Lookahead/lookbehind */
+           I32 deltanext, minnext, fake = 0;
            regnode *nscan;
+           struct regnode_charclass_class intrnl;
+           int f = 0;
 
            data_fake.flags = 0;
+           if (data) {         
+               data_fake.whilem_c = data->whilem_c;
+               data_fake.last_closep = data->last_closep;
+           }
+           else
+               data_fake.last_closep = &fake;
+           if ( flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS && !scan->flags
+                && OP(scan) == IFMATCH ) { /* Lookahead */
+               cl_init(pRExC_state, &intrnl);
+               data_fake.start_class = &intrnl;
+               f |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+           }
+           if (flags & SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS)
+               f |= SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS;
            next = regnext(scan);
            nscan = NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(scan));
-           minnext = study_chunk(&nscan, &deltanext, last, &data_fake, 0);
+           minnext = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &nscan, &deltanext, last, &data_fake, f);
            if (scan->flags) {
                if (deltanext) {
-                   FAIL("variable length lookbehind not implemented");
-               } else if (minnext > U8_MAX) {
-                   FAIL2("lookbehind longer than %d not implemented", U8_MAX);
+                   vFAIL("Variable length lookbehind not implemented");
+               }
+               else if (minnext > U8_MAX) {
+                   vFAIL2("Lookbehind longer than %"UVuf" not implemented", (UV)U8_MAX);
                }
                scan->flags = minnext;
            }
@@ -641,61 +1504,115 @@ study_chunk(regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, regnode *last, scan_data_t *data, U32
                pars++;
            if (data && (data_fake.flags & SF_HAS_EVAL))
                data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
-       } else if (OP(scan) == OPEN) {
+           if (data)
+               data->whilem_c = data_fake.whilem_c;
+           if (f & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+               int was = (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS);
+
+               cl_and(data->start_class, &intrnl);
+               if (was)
+                   data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+           }
+       }
+       else if (OP(scan) == OPEN) {
            pars++;
-       } else if (OP(scan) == CLOSE && ARG(scan) == is_par) {
-           next = regnext(scan);
+       }
+       else if (OP(scan) == CLOSE) {
+           if (ARG(scan) == is_par) {
+               next = regnext(scan);
 
-           if ( next && (OP(next) != WHILEM) && next < last)
-               is_par = 0;             /* Disable optimization */
-       } else if (OP(scan) == EVAL) {
+               if ( next && (OP(next) != WHILEM) && next < last)
+                   is_par = 0;         /* Disable optimization */
+           }
+           if (data)
+               *(data->last_closep) = ARG(scan);
+       }
+       else if (OP(scan) == EVAL) {
                if (data)
                    data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
        }
+       else if (OP(scan) == LOGICAL && scan->flags == 2) { /* Embedded follows */
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                   scan_commit(pRExC_state,data);
+                   data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
+               }
+               is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) /* Allow everything */
+                   cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
+               flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+       }
        /* Else: zero-length, ignore. */
        scan = regnext(scan);
     }
 
   finish:
     *scanp = scan;
-    *deltap = is_inf ? I32_MAX : delta;
-    if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR && is_inf) 
+    *deltap = is_inf_internal ? I32_MAX : delta;
+    if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR && is_inf)
        data->pos_delta = I32_MAX - data->pos_min;
     if (is_par > U8_MAX)
        is_par = 0;
     if (is_par && pars==1 && data) {
        data->flags |= SF_IN_PAR;
        data->flags &= ~SF_HAS_PAR;
-    } else if (pars && data) {
+    }
+    else if (pars && data) {
        data->flags |= SF_HAS_PAR;
        data->flags &= ~SF_IN_PAR;
     }
+    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
+       cl_and(data->start_class, &and_with);
     return min;
 }
 
 STATIC I32
-add_data(I32 n, char *s)
+S_add_data(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 n, char *s)
 {
-    dTHR;
-    if (PL_regcomp_rx->data) {
-       Renewc(PL_regcomp_rx->data, 
-              sizeof(*PL_regcomp_rx->data) + sizeof(void*) * (PL_regcomp_rx->data->count + n - 1), 
+    if (RExC_rx->data) {
+       Renewc(RExC_rx->data,
+              sizeof(*RExC_rx->data) + sizeof(void*) * (RExC_rx->data->count + n - 1),
               char, struct reg_data);
-       Renew(PL_regcomp_rx->data->what, PL_regcomp_rx->data->count + n, U8);
-       PL_regcomp_rx->data->count += n;
-    } else {
-       Newc(1207, PL_regcomp_rx->data, sizeof(*PL_regcomp_rx->data) + sizeof(void*) * (n - 1),
+       Renew(RExC_rx->data->what, RExC_rx->data->count + n, U8);
+       RExC_rx->data->count += n;
+    }
+    else {
+       Newc(1207, RExC_rx->data, sizeof(*RExC_rx->data) + sizeof(void*) * (n - 1),
             char, struct reg_data);
-       New(1208, PL_regcomp_rx->data->what, n, U8);
-       PL_regcomp_rx->data->count = n;
+       New(1208, RExC_rx->data->what, n, U8);
+       RExC_rx->data->count = n;
     }
-    Copy(s, PL_regcomp_rx->data->what + PL_regcomp_rx->data->count - n, n, U8);
-    return PL_regcomp_rx->data->count - n;
+    Copy(s, RExC_rx->data->what + RExC_rx->data->count - n, n, U8);
+    return RExC_rx->data->count - n;
 }
 
-/*
- - pregcomp - compile a regular expression into internal code
- *
+void
+Perl_reginitcolors(pTHX)
+{
+    int i = 0;
+    char *s = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_RE_COLORS");
+       
+    if (s) {
+       PL_colors[0] = s = savepv(s);
+       while (++i < 6) {
+           s = strchr(s, '\t');
+           if (s) {
+               *s = '\0';
+               PL_colors[i] = ++s;
+           }
+           else
+               PL_colors[i] = s = "";
+       }
+    } else {
+       while (i < 6)
+           PL_colors[i++] = "";
+    }
+    PL_colorset = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ - pregcomp - compile a regular expression into internal code
+ *
  * We can't allocate space until we know how big the compiled form will be,
  * but we can't compile it (and thus know how big it is) until we've got a
  * place to put the code.  So we cheat:  we compile it twice, once with code
@@ -709,130 +1626,147 @@ add_data(I32 n, char *s)
  * of the structure of the compiled regexp.  [I'll say.]
  */
 regexp *
-pregcomp(char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
+Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
 {
-    dTHR;
     register regexp *r;
     regnode *scan;
-    SV **longest;
-    SV *longest_fixed;
-    SV *longest_float;
     regnode *first;
     I32 flags;
     I32 minlen = 0;
     I32 sawplus = 0;
     I32 sawopen = 0;
+    scan_data_t data;
+    RExC_state_t RExC_state;
+    RExC_state_t *pRExC_state = &RExC_state;
 
     if (exp == NULL)
        FAIL("NULL regexp argument");
 
-    PL_regprecomp = savepvn(exp, xend - exp);
-    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "compiling RE `%*s'\n",
-                         xend - exp, PL_regprecomp));
-    PL_regflags = pm->op_pmflags;
-    PL_regsawback = 0;
+    /* XXXX This looks very suspicious... */
+    if (pm->op_pmdynflags & PMdf_CMP_UTF8)
+        RExC_utf8 = 1;
+    else
+        RExC_utf8 = 0;
+
+    RExC_precomp = exp;
+    DEBUG_r(if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors());
+    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%sCompiling REx%s `%s%*s%s'\n",
+                     PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
+                     (int)(xend - exp), RExC_precomp, PL_colors[1]));
+    RExC_flags16 = pm->op_pmflags;
+    RExC_sawback = 0;
 
-    PL_regseen = 0;
-    PL_seen_zerolen = *exp == '^' ? -1 : 0;
-    PL_seen_evals = 0;
-    PL_extralen = 0;
+    RExC_seen = 0;
+    RExC_seen_zerolen = *exp == '^' ? -1 : 0;
+    RExC_seen_evals = 0;
+    RExC_extralen = 0;
 
     /* First pass: determine size, legality. */
-    PL_regcomp_parse = exp;
-    PL_regxend = xend;
-    PL_regnaughty = 0;
-    PL_regnpar = 1;
-    PL_regsize = 0L;
-    PL_regcode = &PL_regdummy;
-    regc((U8)MAGIC, (char*)PL_regcode);
-    if (reg(0, &flags) == NULL) {
-       Safefree(PL_regprecomp);
-       PL_regprecomp = Nullch;
+    RExC_parse = exp;
+    RExC_start = exp;
+    RExC_end = xend;
+    RExC_naughty = 0;
+    RExC_npar = 1;
+    RExC_size = 0L;
+    RExC_emit = &PL_regdummy;
+    RExC_whilem_seen = 0;
+#if 0 /* REGC() is (currently) a NOP at the first pass.
+       * Clever compilers notice this and complain. --jhi */
+    REGC((U8)REG_MAGIC, (char*)RExC_emit);
+#endif
+    if (reg(pRExC_state, 0, &flags) == NULL) {
+       RExC_precomp = Nullch;
        return(NULL);
     }
-    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "size %d ", PL_regsize));
-
-    DEBUG_r(
-       if (!PL_colorset) {
-           int i = 0;
-           char *s = PerlEnv_getenv("TERMCAP_COLORS");
-           
-           PL_colorset = 1;
-           if (s) {
-               PL_colors[0] = s = savepv(s);
-               while (++i < 4) {
-                   s = strchr(s, '\t');
-                   if (!s) 
-                       FAIL("Not enough TABs in TERMCAP_COLORS");
-                   *s = '\0';
-                   PL_colors[i] = ++s;
-               }
-           } else {
-               while (i < 4) 
-                   PL_colors[i++] = "";
-           }
-           /* Reset colors: */
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s%s%s%s", 
-                         PL_colors[0],PL_colors[1],PL_colors[2],PL_colors[3]);
-       }
-       );
+    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "size %"IVdf" ", (IV)RExC_size));
 
     /* Small enough for pointer-storage convention?
        If extralen==0, this means that we will not need long jumps. */
-    if (PL_regsize >= 0x10000L && PL_extralen)
-        PL_regsize += PL_extralen;
+    if (RExC_size >= 0x10000L && RExC_extralen)
+        RExC_size += RExC_extralen;
     else
-       PL_extralen = 0;
+       RExC_extralen = 0;
+    if (RExC_whilem_seen > 15)
+       RExC_whilem_seen = 15;
 
     /* Allocate space and initialize. */
-    Newc(1001, r, sizeof(regexp) + (unsigned)PL_regsize * sizeof(regnode),
+    Newc(1001, r, sizeof(regexp) + (unsigned)RExC_size * sizeof(regnode),
         char, regexp);
     if (r == NULL)
-       FAIL("regexp out of space");
+       FAIL("Regexp out of space");
+
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    /* avoid reading uninitialized memory in DEBUGGING code in study_chunk() */
+    Zero(r, sizeof(regexp) + (unsigned)RExC_size * sizeof(regnode), char);
+#endif
     r->refcnt = 1;
     r->prelen = xend - exp;
-    r->precomp = PL_regprecomp;
-    r->subbeg = r->subbase = NULL;
-    r->nparens = PL_regnpar - 1;               /* set early to validate backrefs */
-    PL_regcomp_rx = r;
+    r->precomp = savepvn(RExC_precomp, r->prelen);
+    r->subbeg = NULL;
+    r->reganch = pm->op_pmflags & PMf_COMPILETIME;
+    r->nparens = RExC_npar - 1;        /* set early to validate backrefs */
+
+    r->substrs = 0;                    /* Useful during FAIL. */
+    r->startp = 0;                     /* Useful during FAIL. */
+    r->endp = 0;                       /* Useful during FAIL. */
+
+    Newz(1304, r->offsets, 2*RExC_size+1, U32); /* MJD 20001228 */
+    if (r->offsets) {
+      r->offsets[0] = RExC_size; 
+    }
+    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, 
+                          "%s %u bytes for offset annotations.\n", 
+                          r->offsets ? "Got" : "Couldn't get", 
+                          (2*RExC_size+1) * sizeof(U32)));
+
+    RExC_rx = r;
 
     /* Second pass: emit code. */
-    PL_regcomp_parse = exp;
-    PL_regxend = xend;
-    PL_regnaughty = 0;
-    PL_regnpar = 1;
-    PL_regcode = r->program;
+    RExC_parse = exp;
+    RExC_end = xend;
+    RExC_naughty = 0;
+    RExC_npar = 1;
+    RExC_emit_start = r->program;
+    RExC_emit = r->program;
     /* Store the count of eval-groups for security checks: */
-    PL_regcode->next_off = ((PL_seen_evals > U16_MAX) ? U16_MAX : PL_seen_evals);
-    regc((U8)MAGIC, (char*) PL_regcode++);
+    RExC_emit->next_off = ((RExC_seen_evals > U16_MAX) ? U16_MAX : RExC_seen_evals);
+    REGC((U8)REG_MAGIC, (char*) RExC_emit++);
     r->data = 0;
-    if (reg(0, &flags) == NULL)
+    if (reg(pRExC_state, 0, &flags) == NULL)
        return(NULL);
 
     /* Dig out information for optimizations. */
-    r->reganch = pm->op_pmflags & PMf_COMPILETIME;
-    pm->op_pmflags = PL_regflags;
+    r->reganch = pm->op_pmflags & PMf_COMPILETIME; /* Again? */
+    pm->op_pmflags = RExC_flags16;
+    if (UTF)
+       r->reganch |= ROPT_UTF8;
     r->regstclass = NULL;
-    r->naughty = PL_regnaughty >= 10;  /* Probably an expensive pattern. */
+    if (RExC_naughty >= 10)    /* Probably an expensive pattern. */
+       r->reganch |= ROPT_NAUGHTY;
     scan = r->program + 1;             /* First BRANCH. */
 
     /* XXXX To minimize changes to RE engine we always allocate
        3-units-long substrs field. */
     Newz(1004, r->substrs, 1, struct reg_substr_data);
 
+    StructCopy(&zero_scan_data, &data, scan_data_t);
+    /* XXXX Should not we check for something else?  Usually it is OPEN1... */
     if (OP(scan) != BRANCH) {  /* Only one top-level choice. */
-       scan_data_t data;
        I32 fake;
        STRLEN longest_float_length, longest_fixed_length;
+       struct regnode_charclass_class ch_class;
+       int stclass_flag;
+       I32 last_close = 0;
 
-       StructCopy(&zero_scan_data, &data, scan_data_t);
        first = scan;
        /* Skip introductions and multiplicators >= 1. */
        while ((OP(first) == OPEN && (sawopen = 1)) ||
+              /* An OR of *one* alternative - should not happen now. */
            (OP(first) == BRANCH && OP(regnext(first)) != BRANCH) ||
            (OP(first) == PLUS) ||
            (OP(first) == MINMOD) ||
-           (regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == CURLY && ARG1(first) > 0) ) {
+              /* An {n,m} with n>0 */
+           (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == CURLY && ARG1(first) > 0) ) {
                if (OP(first) == PLUS)
                    sawplus = 1;
                else
@@ -842,14 +1776,23 @@ pregcomp(char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
 
        /* Starting-point info. */
       again:
-       if (OP(first) == EXACT);        /* Empty, get anchored substr later. */
-       else if (strchr(simple+2,OP(first)))
+       if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == EXACT) {
+           if (OP(first) == EXACT)
+               ;       /* Empty, get anchored substr later. */
+           else if ((OP(first) == EXACTF || OP(first) == EXACTFL))
+               r->regstclass = first;
+       }
+       else if (strchr((char*)PL_simple,OP(first)))
            r->regstclass = first;
-       else if (regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == BOUND ||
-                regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == NBOUND)
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == BOUND ||
+                PL_regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == NBOUND)
            r->regstclass = first;
-       else if (regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == BOL) {
-           r->reganch |= (OP(first) == MBOL ? ROPT_ANCH_MBOL: ROPT_ANCH_BOL);
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(first)] == BOL) {
+           r->reganch |= (OP(first) == MBOL
+                          ? ROPT_ANCH_MBOL
+                          : (OP(first) == SBOL
+                             ? ROPT_ANCH_SBOL
+                             : ROPT_ANCH_BOL));
            first = NEXTOPER(first);
            goto again;
        }
@@ -859,20 +1802,29 @@ pregcomp(char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
            goto again;
        }
        else if ((OP(first) == STAR &&
-           regkind[(U8)OP(NEXTOPER(first))] == ANY) &&
+           PL_regkind[(U8)OP(NEXTOPER(first))] == REG_ANY) &&
            !(r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH) )
        {
            /* turn .* into ^.* with an implied $*=1 */
-           r->reganch |= ROPT_ANCH_BOL | ROPT_IMPLICIT;
+           int type = OP(NEXTOPER(first));
+
+           if (type == REG_ANY)
+               type = ROPT_ANCH_MBOL;
+           else
+               type = ROPT_ANCH_SBOL;
+
+           r->reganch |= type | ROPT_IMPLICIT;
            first = NEXTOPER(first);
            goto again;
        }
-       if (sawplus && (!sawopen || !PL_regsawback))
-           r->reganch |= ROPT_SKIP;    /* x+ must match 1st of run */
+       if (sawplus && (!sawopen || !RExC_sawback)
+           && !(RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_EVAL)) /* May examine pos and $& */
+           /* x+ must match at the 1st pos of run of x's */
+           r->reganch |= ROPT_SKIP;
 
        /* Scan is after the zeroth branch, first is atomic matcher. */
-       DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "first at %d\n", 
-                             first - scan + 1));
+       DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "first at %"IVdf"\n",
+                             (IV)(first - scan + 1)));
        /*
        * If there's something expensive in the r.e., find the
        * longest literal string that must appear and make it the
@@ -886,65 +1838,97 @@ pregcomp(char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
        */
        minlen = 0;
 
-       data.longest_fixed = newSVpv("",0);
-       data.longest_float = newSVpv("",0);
-       data.last_found = newSVpv("",0);
+       data.longest_fixed = newSVpvn("",0);
+       data.longest_float = newSVpvn("",0);
+       data.last_found = newSVpvn("",0);
        data.longest = &(data.longest_fixed);
        first = scan;
-       
-       minlen = study_chunk(&first, &fake, scan + PL_regsize, /* Up to end */
-                            &data, SCF_DO_SUBSTR);
-       if ( PL_regnpar == 1 && data.longest == &(data.longest_fixed)
-            && data.last_start_min == 0 && data.last_end > 0 
-            && !PL_seen_zerolen
-            && (!(PL_regseen & REG_SEEN_GPOS) || (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_GPOS)))
+       if (!r->regstclass) {
+           cl_init(pRExC_state, &ch_class);
+           data.start_class = &ch_class;
+           stclass_flag = SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+       } else                          /* XXXX Check for BOUND? */
+           stclass_flag = 0;
+       data.last_closep = &last_close;
+
+       minlen = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &first, &fake, scan + RExC_size, /* Up to end */
+                            &data, SCF_DO_SUBSTR | SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS | stclass_flag);
+       if ( RExC_npar == 1 && data.longest == &(data.longest_fixed)
+            && data.last_start_min == 0 && data.last_end > 0
+            && !RExC_seen_zerolen
+            && (!(RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_GPOS) || (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_GPOS)))
            r->reganch |= ROPT_CHECK_ALL;
-       scan_commit(&data);
+       scan_commit(pRExC_state, &data);
        SvREFCNT_dec(data.last_found);
 
-       longest_float_length = SvCUR(data.longest_float);
+       longest_float_length = CHR_SVLEN(data.longest_float);
        if (longest_float_length
            || (data.flags & SF_FL_BEFORE_EOL
                && (!(data.flags & SF_FL_BEFORE_MEOL)
-                   || (PL_regflags & PMf_MULTILINE)))) {
-           if (SvCUR(data.longest_fixed) 
-               && data.offset_fixed == data.offset_float_min)
-               goto remove;            /* Like in (a)+. */
-           
+                   || (RExC_flags16 & PMf_MULTILINE)))) {
+           int t;
+
+           if (SvCUR(data.longest_fixed)                       /* ok to leave SvCUR */
+               && data.offset_fixed == data.offset_float_min
+               && SvCUR(data.longest_fixed) == SvCUR(data.longest_float))
+                   goto remove_float;          /* As in (a)+. */
+
            r->float_substr = data.longest_float;
            r->float_min_offset = data.offset_float_min;
            r->float_max_offset = data.offset_float_max;
-           fbm_compile(r->float_substr, 0);
-           BmUSEFUL(r->float_substr) = 100;
-           if (data.flags & SF_FL_BEFORE_EOL /* Cannot have SEOL and MULTI */
-               && (!(data.flags & SF_FL_BEFORE_MEOL)
-                   || (PL_regflags & PMf_MULTILINE))) 
-               SvTAIL_on(r->float_substr);
-       } else {
-         remove:
+           t = (data.flags & SF_FL_BEFORE_EOL /* Can't have SEOL and MULTI */
+                      && (!(data.flags & SF_FL_BEFORE_MEOL)
+                          || (RExC_flags16 & PMf_MULTILINE)));
+           fbm_compile(r->float_substr, t ? FBMcf_TAIL : 0);
+       }
+       else {
+         remove_float:
            r->float_substr = Nullsv;
            SvREFCNT_dec(data.longest_float);
            longest_float_length = 0;
        }
 
-       longest_fixed_length = SvCUR(data.longest_fixed);
+       longest_fixed_length = CHR_SVLEN(data.longest_fixed);
        if (longest_fixed_length
            || (data.flags & SF_FIX_BEFORE_EOL /* Cannot have SEOL and MULTI */
                && (!(data.flags & SF_FIX_BEFORE_MEOL)
-                   || (PL_regflags & PMf_MULTILINE)))) {
+                   || (RExC_flags16 & PMf_MULTILINE)))) {
+           int t;
+
            r->anchored_substr = data.longest_fixed;
            r->anchored_offset = data.offset_fixed;
-           fbm_compile(r->anchored_substr, 0);
-           BmUSEFUL(r->anchored_substr) = 100;
-           if (data.flags & SF_FIX_BEFORE_EOL /* Cannot have SEOL and MULTI */
-               && (!(data.flags & SF_FIX_BEFORE_MEOL)
-                   || (PL_regflags & PMf_MULTILINE)))
-               SvTAIL_on(r->anchored_substr);
-       } else {
+           t = (data.flags & SF_FIX_BEFORE_EOL /* Can't have SEOL and MULTI */
+                && (!(data.flags & SF_FIX_BEFORE_MEOL)
+                    || (RExC_flags16 & PMf_MULTILINE)));
+           fbm_compile(r->anchored_substr, t ? FBMcf_TAIL : 0);
+       }
+       else {
            r->anchored_substr = Nullsv;
            SvREFCNT_dec(data.longest_fixed);
            longest_fixed_length = 0;
        }
+       if (r->regstclass
+           && (OP(r->regstclass) == REG_ANY || OP(r->regstclass) == SANY))
+           r->regstclass = NULL;
+       if ((!r->anchored_substr || r->anchored_offset) && stclass_flag
+           && !(data.start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS)
+           && !cl_is_anything(data.start_class)) {
+           SV *sv;
+           I32 n = add_data(pRExC_state, 1, "f");
+
+           New(1006, RExC_rx->data->data[n], 1,
+               struct regnode_charclass_class);
+           StructCopy(data.start_class,
+                      (struct regnode_charclass_class*)RExC_rx->data->data[n],
+                      struct regnode_charclass_class);
+           r->regstclass = (regnode*)RExC_rx->data->data[n];
+           r->reganch &= ~ROPT_SKIP;   /* Used in find_byclass(). */
+           PL_regdata = r->data; /* for regprop() */
+           DEBUG_r((sv = sv_newmortal(),
+                    regprop(sv, (regnode*)data.start_class),
+                    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "synthetic stclass `%s'.\n",
+                                  SvPVX(sv))));
+       }
 
        /* A temporary algorithm prefers floated substr to fixed one to dig more info. */
        if (longest_fixed_length > longest_float_length) {
@@ -952,30 +1936,64 @@ pregcomp(char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
            r->check_offset_min = r->check_offset_max = r->anchored_offset;
            if (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_SINGLE)
                r->reganch |= ROPT_NOSCAN;
-       } else {
+       }
+       else {
            r->check_substr = r->float_substr;
            r->check_offset_min = data.offset_float_min;
            r->check_offset_max = data.offset_float_max;
        }
-    } else {
+       /* XXXX Currently intuiting is not compatible with ANCH_GPOS.
+          This should be changed ASAP!  */
+       if (r->check_substr && !(r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_GPOS)) {
+           r->reganch |= RE_USE_INTUIT;
+           if (SvTAIL(r->check_substr))
+               r->reganch |= RE_INTUIT_TAIL;
+       }
+    }
+    else {
        /* Several toplevels. Best we can is to set minlen. */
        I32 fake;
+       struct regnode_charclass_class ch_class;
+       I32 last_close = 0;
        
        DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n"));
        scan = r->program + 1;
-       minlen = study_chunk(&scan, &fake, scan + PL_regsize, NULL, 0);
+       cl_init(pRExC_state, &ch_class);
+       data.start_class = &ch_class;
+       data.last_closep = &last_close;
+       minlen = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &scan, &fake, scan + RExC_size, &data, SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND|SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS);
        r->check_substr = r->anchored_substr = r->float_substr = Nullsv;
+       if (!(data.start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS)
+           && !cl_is_anything(data.start_class)) {
+           SV *sv;
+           I32 n = add_data(pRExC_state, 1, "f");
+
+           New(1006, RExC_rx->data->data[n], 1,
+               struct regnode_charclass_class);
+           StructCopy(data.start_class,
+                      (struct regnode_charclass_class*)RExC_rx->data->data[n],
+                      struct regnode_charclass_class);
+           r->regstclass = (regnode*)RExC_rx->data->data[n];
+           r->reganch &= ~ROPT_SKIP;   /* Used in find_byclass(). */
+           DEBUG_r((sv = sv_newmortal(),
+                    regprop(sv, (regnode*)data.start_class),
+                    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "synthetic stclass `%s'.\n",
+                                  SvPVX(sv))));
+       }
     }
 
     r->minlen = minlen;
-    if (PL_regseen & REG_SEEN_GPOS) 
+    if (RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_GPOS)
        r->reganch |= ROPT_GPOS_SEEN;
-    if (PL_regseen & REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND)
+    if (RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND)
        r->reganch |= ROPT_LOOKBEHIND_SEEN;
-    if (PL_regseen & REG_SEEN_EVAL)
+    if (RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_EVAL)
        r->reganch |= ROPT_EVAL_SEEN;
-    Newz(1002, r->startp, PL_regnpar, char*);
-    Newz(1002, r->endp, PL_regnpar, char*);
+    if (RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_SANY)
+       r->reganch |= ROPT_SANY_SEEN;
+    Newz(1002, r->startp, RExC_npar, I32);
+    Newz(1002, r->endp, RExC_npar, I32);
+    PL_regdata = r->data; /* for regprop() */
     DEBUG_r(regdump(r));
     return(r);
 }
@@ -990,94 +2008,112 @@ pregcomp(char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
  * follows makes it hard to avoid.
  */
 STATIC regnode *
-reg(I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
+S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
     /* paren: Parenthesized? 0=top, 1=(, inside: changed to letter. */
 {
-    dTHR;
     register regnode *ret;             /* Will be the head of the group. */
     register regnode *br;
     register regnode *lastbr;
     register regnode *ender = 0;
     register I32 parno = 0;
-    I32 flags, oregflags = PL_regflags, have_branch = 0, open = 0;
+    I32 flags, oregflags = RExC_flags16, have_branch = 0, open = 0;
+    char * parse_start = RExC_parse; /* MJD */
+    char *oregcomp_parse = RExC_parse;
     char c;
 
     *flagp = 0;                                /* Tentatively. */
 
     /* Make an OPEN node, if parenthesized. */
     if (paren) {
-       if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '?') {
+       if (*RExC_parse == '?') { /* (?...) */
            U16 posflags = 0, negflags = 0;
            U16 *flagsp = &posflags;
+           int logical = 0;
+           char *seqstart = RExC_parse;
 
-           PL_regcomp_parse++;
-           paren = *PL_regcomp_parse++;
+           RExC_parse++;
+           paren = *RExC_parse++;
            ret = NULL;                 /* For look-ahead/behind. */
            switch (paren) {
-           case '<':
-               PL_regseen |= REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND;
-               if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '!') 
+           case '<':           /* (?<...) */
+               RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND;
+               if (*RExC_parse == '!')
                    paren = ',';
-               if (*PL_regcomp_parse != '=' && *PL_regcomp_parse != '!') 
+               if (*RExC_parse != '=' && *RExC_parse != '!')
                    goto unknown;
-               PL_regcomp_parse++;
-           case '=':
-           case '!':
-               PL_seen_zerolen++;
-           case ':':
-           case '>':
+               RExC_parse++;
+           case '=':           /* (?=...) */
+           case '!':           /* (?!...) */
+               RExC_seen_zerolen++;
+           case ':':           /* (?:...) */
+           case '>':           /* (?>...) */
                break;
-           case '$':
-           case '@':
-               FAIL2("Sequence (?%c...) not implemented", (int)paren);
+           case '$':           /* (?$...) */
+           case '@':           /* (?@...) */
+               vFAIL2("Sequence (?%c...) not implemented", (int)paren);
                break;
-           case '#':
-               while (*PL_regcomp_parse && *PL_regcomp_parse != ')')
-                   PL_regcomp_parse++;
-               if (*PL_regcomp_parse != ')')
+           case '#':           /* (?#...) */
+               while (*RExC_parse && *RExC_parse != ')')
+                   RExC_parse++;
+               if (*RExC_parse != ')')
                    FAIL("Sequence (?#... not terminated");
-               nextchar();
+               nextchar(pRExC_state);
                *flagp = TRYAGAIN;
                return NULL;
-           case '{':
+           case 'p':           /* (?p...) */
+               if (SIZE_ONLY)
+                   vWARN(RExC_parse, "(?p{}) is deprecated - use (??{})");
+               /* FALL THROUGH*/
+           case '?':           /* (??...) */
+               logical = 1;
+               paren = *RExC_parse++;
+               /* FALL THROUGH */
+           case '{':           /* (?{...}) */
            {
-               dTHR;
                I32 count = 1, n = 0;
                char c;
-               char *s = PL_regcomp_parse;
+               char *s = RExC_parse;
                SV *sv;
                OP_4tree *sop, *rop;
 
-               PL_seen_zerolen++;
-               PL_regseen |= REG_SEEN_EVAL;
-               while (count && (c = *PL_regcomp_parse)) {
-                   if (c == '\\' && PL_regcomp_parse[1])
-                       PL_regcomp_parse++;
-                   else if (c == '{') 
+               RExC_seen_zerolen++;
+               RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_EVAL;
+               while (count && (c = *RExC_parse)) {
+                   if (c == '\\' && RExC_parse[1])
+                       RExC_parse++;
+                   else if (c == '{')
                        count++;
-                   else if (c == '}') 
+                   else if (c == '}')
                        count--;
-                   PL_regcomp_parse++;
+                   RExC_parse++;
+               }
+               if (*RExC_parse != ')')
+               {
+                   RExC_parse = s;             
+                   vFAIL("Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced");
                }
-               if (*PL_regcomp_parse != ')')
-                   FAIL("Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced");
                if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
                    AV *av;
-                   
-                   if (PL_regcomp_parse - 1 - s) 
-                       sv = newSVpv(s, PL_regcomp_parse - 1 - s);
+               
+                   if (RExC_parse - 1 - s)
+                       sv = newSVpvn(s, RExC_parse - 1 - s);
                    else
-                       sv = newSVpv("", 0);
+                       sv = newSVpvn("", 0);
 
+                   ENTER;
+                   Perl_save_re_context(aTHX);
                    rop = sv_compile_2op(sv, &sop, "re", &av);
+                   LEAVE;
 
-                   n = add_data(3, "nso");
-                   PL_regcomp_rx->data->data[n] = (void*)rop;
-                   PL_regcomp_rx->data->data[n+1] = (void*)av;
-                   PL_regcomp_rx->data->data[n+2] = (void*)sop;
+                   n = add_data(pRExC_state, 3, "nop");
+                   RExC_rx->data->data[n] = (void*)rop;
+                   RExC_rx->data->data[n+1] = (void*)sop;
+                   RExC_rx->data->data[n+2] = (void*)av;
                    SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
-               } else {                /* First pass */
-                   if (PL_reginterp_cnt < ++PL_seen_evals && PL_curcop != &PL_compiling)
+               }
+               else {                                          /* First pass */
+                   if (PL_reginterp_cnt < ++RExC_seen_evals
+                       && PL_curcop != &PL_compiling)
                        /* No compiled RE interpolated, has runtime
                           components ===> unsafe.  */
                        FAIL("Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval'");
@@ -1085,133 +2121,169 @@ reg(I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
                        FAIL("Eval-group in insecure regular expression");
                }
                
-               nextchar();
-               return reganode(EVAL, n);
+               nextchar(pRExC_state);
+               if (logical) {
+                   ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOGICAL);
+                   if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+                       ret->flags = 2;
+                   regtail(pRExC_state, ret, reganode(pRExC_state, EVAL, n));
+                    /* deal with the length of this later - MJD */
+                   return ret;
+               }
+               return reganode(pRExC_state, EVAL, n);
            }
-           case '(':
+           case '(':           /* (?(?{...})...) and (?(?=...)...) */
            {
-               if (PL_regcomp_parse[0] == '?') {
-                   if (PL_regcomp_parse[1] == '=' || PL_regcomp_parse[1] == '!' 
-                       || PL_regcomp_parse[1] == '<' 
-                       || PL_regcomp_parse[1] == '{') { /* Lookahead or eval. */
+               if (RExC_parse[0] == '?') {        /* (?(?...)) */
+                   if (RExC_parse[1] == '=' || RExC_parse[1] == '!'
+                       || RExC_parse[1] == '<'
+                       || RExC_parse[1] == '{') { /* Lookahead or eval. */
                        I32 flag;
                        
-                       ret = reg_node(LOGICAL);
-                       regtail(ret, reg(1, &flag));
+                       ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOGICAL);
+                       if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+                           ret->flags = 1;
+                       regtail(pRExC_state, ret, reg(pRExC_state, 1, &flag));
                        goto insert_if;
-                   } 
-               } else if (PL_regcomp_parse[0] >= '1' && PL_regcomp_parse[0] <= '9' ) {
-                   parno = atoi(PL_regcomp_parse++);
-
-                   while (isDIGIT(*PL_regcomp_parse))
-                       PL_regcomp_parse++;
-                   ret = reganode(GROUPP, parno);
-                   if ((c = *nextchar()) != ')')
-                       FAIL2("Switch (?(number%c not recognized", c);
+                   }
+               }
+               else if (RExC_parse[0] >= '1' && RExC_parse[0] <= '9' ) {
+                    /* (?(1)...) */
+                   parno = atoi(RExC_parse++);
+
+                   while (isDIGIT(*RExC_parse))
+                       RExC_parse++;
+                    ret = reganode(pRExC_state, GROUPP, parno);
+                    
+                   if ((c = *nextchar(pRExC_state)) != ')')
+                       vFAIL("Switch condition not recognized");
                  insert_if:
-                   regtail(ret, reganode(IFTHEN, 0));
-                   br = regbranch(&flags, 1);
+                   regtail(pRExC_state, ret, reganode(pRExC_state, IFTHEN, 0));
+                   br = regbranch(pRExC_state, &flags, 1);
                    if (br == NULL)
-                       br = reganode(LONGJMP, 0);
+                       br = reganode(pRExC_state, LONGJMP, 0);
                    else
-                       regtail(br, reganode(LONGJMP, 0));
-                   c = *nextchar();
+                       regtail(pRExC_state, br, reganode(pRExC_state, LONGJMP, 0));
+                   c = *nextchar(pRExC_state);
+                   if (flags&HASWIDTH)
+                       *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
                    if (c == '|') {
-                       lastbr = reganode(IFTHEN, 0); /* Fake one for optimizer. */
-                       regbranch(&flags, 1);
-                       regtail(ret, lastbr);
-                       c = *nextchar();
-                   } else
+                       lastbr = reganode(pRExC_state, IFTHEN, 0); /* Fake one for optimizer. */
+                       regbranch(pRExC_state, &flags, 1);
+                       regtail(pRExC_state, ret, lastbr);
+                       if (flags&HASWIDTH)
+                           *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
+                       c = *nextchar(pRExC_state);
+                   }
+                   else
                        lastbr = NULL;
                    if (c != ')')
-                       FAIL("Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches");
-                   ender = reg_node(TAIL);
-                   regtail(br, ender);
+                       vFAIL("Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches");
+                   ender = reg_node(pRExC_state, TAIL);
+                   regtail(pRExC_state, br, ender);
                    if (lastbr) {
-                       regtail(lastbr, ender);
-                       regtail(NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(lastbr)), ender);
-                   } else
-                       regtail(ret, ender);
+                       regtail(pRExC_state, lastbr, ender);
+                       regtail(pRExC_state, NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(lastbr)), ender);
+                   }
+                   else
+                       regtail(pRExC_state, ret, ender);
                    return ret;
-               } else {
-                   FAIL2("Unknown condition for (?(%.2s", PL_regcomp_parse);
+               }
+               else {
+                   vFAIL2("Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s", RExC_parse);
                }
            }
             case 0:
-                FAIL("Sequence (? incomplete");
+               RExC_parse--; /* for vFAIL to print correctly */
+                vFAIL("Sequence (? incomplete");
                 break;
            default:
-               --PL_regcomp_parse;
-             parse_flags:
-               while (*PL_regcomp_parse && strchr("iogcmsx", *PL_regcomp_parse)) {
-                   if (*PL_regcomp_parse != 'o')
-                       pmflag(flagsp, *PL_regcomp_parse);
-                   ++PL_regcomp_parse;
+               --RExC_parse;
+             parse_flags:      /* (?i) */
+               while (*RExC_parse && strchr("iogcmsx", *RExC_parse)) {
+                   if (*RExC_parse != 'o')
+                       pmflag(flagsp, *RExC_parse);
+                   ++RExC_parse;
                }
-               if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '-') {
+               if (*RExC_parse == '-') {
                    flagsp = &negflags;
-                   ++PL_regcomp_parse;
+                   ++RExC_parse;
                    goto parse_flags;
                }
-               PL_regflags |= posflags;
-               PL_regflags &= ~negflags;
-               if (*PL_regcomp_parse == ':') {
-                   PL_regcomp_parse++;
+               RExC_flags16 |= posflags;
+               RExC_flags16 &= ~negflags;
+               if (*RExC_parse == ':') {
+                   RExC_parse++;
                    paren = ':';
                    break;
                }               
              unknown:
-               if (*PL_regcomp_parse != ')')
-                   FAIL2("Sequence (?%c...) not recognized", *PL_regcomp_parse);
-               nextchar();
+               if (*RExC_parse != ')') {
+                   RExC_parse++;
+                   vFAIL3("Sequence (%.*s...) not recognized", RExC_parse-seqstart, seqstart);
+               }
+               nextchar(pRExC_state);
                *flagp = TRYAGAIN;
                return NULL;
            }
        }
-       else {
-           parno = PL_regnpar;
-           PL_regnpar++;
-           ret = reganode(OPEN, parno);
+       else {                  /* (...) */
+           parno = RExC_npar;
+           RExC_npar++;
+           ret = reganode(pRExC_state, OPEN, parno);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 1); /* MJD */
+            Set_Node_Offset(ret, RExC_parse); /* MJD */
            open = 1;
        }
-    } else
+    }
+    else                        /* ! paren */
        ret = NULL;
 
     /* Pick up the branches, linking them together. */
-    br = regbranch(&flags, 1);
+    parse_start = RExC_parse;   /* MJD */
+    br = regbranch(pRExC_state, &flags, 1);
+    /*     branch_len = (paren != 0); */
+    
     if (br == NULL)
        return(NULL);
-    if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '|') {
-       if (!SIZE_ONLY && PL_extralen) {
-           reginsert(BRANCHJ, br);
-       } else
-           reginsert(BRANCH, br);
+    if (*RExC_parse == '|') {
+       if (!SIZE_ONLY && RExC_extralen) {
+           reginsert(pRExC_state, BRANCHJ, br);
+       }
+       else {                  /* MJD */
+           reginsert(pRExC_state, BRANCH, br);
+            Set_Node_Length(br, paren != 0);
+            Set_Node_Offset_To_R(br-RExC_emit_start, parse_start-RExC_start);
+        }
        have_branch = 1;
        if (SIZE_ONLY)
-           PL_extralen += 1;           /* For BRANCHJ-BRANCH. */
-    } else if (paren == ':') {
+           RExC_extralen += 1;         /* For BRANCHJ-BRANCH. */
+    }
+    else if (paren == ':') {
        *flagp |= flags&SIMPLE;
     }
     if (open) {                                /* Starts with OPEN. */
-       regtail(ret, br);               /* OPEN -> first. */
-    } else if (paren != '?')           /* Not Conditional */
+       regtail(pRExC_state, ret, br);          /* OPEN -> first. */
+    }
+    else if (paren != '?')             /* Not Conditional */
        ret = br;
     if (flags&HASWIDTH)
        *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
     *flagp |= flags&SPSTART;
     lastbr = br;
-    while (*PL_regcomp_parse == '|') {
-       if (!SIZE_ONLY && PL_extralen) {
-           ender = reganode(LONGJMP,0);
-           regtail(NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(lastbr)), ender); /* Append to the previous. */
+    while (*RExC_parse == '|') {
+       if (!SIZE_ONLY && RExC_extralen) {
+           ender = reganode(pRExC_state, LONGJMP,0);
+           regtail(pRExC_state, NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(lastbr)), ender); /* Append to the previous. */
        }
        if (SIZE_ONLY)
-           PL_extralen += 2;           /* Account for LONGJMP. */
-       nextchar();
-       br = regbranch(&flags, 0);
+           RExC_extralen += 2;         /* Account for LONGJMP. */
+       nextchar(pRExC_state);
+       br = regbranch(pRExC_state, &flags, 0);
+        
        if (br == NULL)
            return(NULL);
-       regtail(lastbr, br);            /* BRANCH -> BRANCH. */
+       regtail(pRExC_state, lastbr, br);               /* BRANCH -> BRANCH. */
        lastbr = br;
        if (flags&HASWIDTH)
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
@@ -1222,10 +2294,12 @@ reg(I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
        /* Make a closing node, and hook it on the end. */
        switch (paren) {
        case ':':
-           ender = reg_node(TAIL);
+           ender = reg_node(pRExC_state, TAIL);
            break;
        case 1:
-           ender = reganode(CLOSE, parno);
+           ender = reganode(pRExC_state, CLOSE, parno);
+            Set_Node_Offset(ender,RExC_parse+1); /* MJD */
+            Set_Node_Length(ender,1); /* MJD */
            break;
        case '<':
        case ',':
@@ -1234,18 +2308,18 @@ reg(I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
            *flagp &= ~HASWIDTH;
            /* FALL THROUGH */
        case '>':
-           ender = reg_node(SUCCEED);
+           ender = reg_node(pRExC_state, SUCCEED);
            break;
        case 0:
-           ender = reg_node(END);
+           ender = reg_node(pRExC_state, END);
            break;
        }
-       regtail(lastbr, ender);
+       regtail(pRExC_state, lastbr, ender);
 
        if (have_branch) {
            /* Hook the tails of the branches to the closing node. */
            for (br = ret; br != NULL; br = regnext(br)) {
-               regoptail(br, ender);
+               regoptail(pRExC_state, br, ender);
            }
        }
     }
@@ -1260,24 +2334,28 @@ reg(I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
 
            if (paren == '>')
                node = SUSPEND, flag = 0;
-           reginsert(node,ret);
+           reginsert(pRExC_state, node,ret);
            ret->flags = flag;
-           regtail(ret, reg_node(TAIL));
+           regtail(pRExC_state, ret, reg_node(pRExC_state, TAIL));
        }
     }
 
     /* Check for proper termination. */
-    if (paren && (PL_regcomp_parse >= PL_regxend || *nextchar() != ')')) {
-       FAIL("unmatched () in regexp");
-    } else if (!paren && PL_regcomp_parse < PL_regxend) {
-       if (*PL_regcomp_parse == ')') {
-           FAIL("unmatched () in regexp");
-       } else
-           FAIL("junk on end of regexp");      /* "Can't happen". */
-       /* NOTREACHED */
+    if (paren) {
+       RExC_flags16 = oregflags;
+       if (RExC_parse >= RExC_end || *nextchar(pRExC_state) != ')') {
+           RExC_parse = oregcomp_parse;
+           vFAIL("Unmatched (");
+       }
     }
-    if (paren != 0) {
-       PL_regflags = oregflags;
+    else if (!paren && RExC_parse < RExC_end) {
+       if (*RExC_parse == ')') {
+           RExC_parse++;
+           vFAIL("Unmatched )");
+       }
+       else
+           FAIL("Junk on end of regexp");      /* "Can't happen". */
+       /* NOTREACHED */
     }
 
     return(ret);
@@ -1289,51 +2367,53 @@ reg(I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
  * Implements the concatenation operator.
  */
 STATIC regnode *
-regbranch(I32 *flagp, I32 first)
+S_regbranch(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, I32 first)
 {
-    dTHR;
     register regnode *ret;
     register regnode *chain = NULL;
     register regnode *latest;
     I32 flags = 0, c = 0;
 
-    if (first) 
+    if (first)
        ret = NULL;
     else {
-       if (!SIZE_ONLY && PL_extralen) 
-           ret = reganode(BRANCHJ,0);
-       else
-           ret = reg_node(BRANCH);
+       if (!SIZE_ONLY && RExC_extralen)
+           ret = reganode(pRExC_state, BRANCHJ,0);
+       else {
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, BRANCH);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 1);
+        }
     }
        
-    if (!first && SIZE_ONLY) 
-       PL_extralen += 1;                       /* BRANCHJ */
-    
+    if (!first && SIZE_ONLY)
+       RExC_extralen += 1;                     /* BRANCHJ */
+
     *flagp = WORST;                    /* Tentatively. */
 
-    PL_regcomp_parse--;
-    nextchar();
-    while (PL_regcomp_parse < PL_regxend && *PL_regcomp_parse != '|' && *PL_regcomp_parse != ')') {
+    RExC_parse--;
+    nextchar(pRExC_state);
+    while (RExC_parse < RExC_end && *RExC_parse != '|' && *RExC_parse != ')') {
        flags &= ~TRYAGAIN;
-       latest = regpiece(&flags);
+       latest = regpiece(pRExC_state, &flags);
        if (latest == NULL) {
            if (flags & TRYAGAIN)
                continue;
            return(NULL);
-       } else if (ret == NULL)
+       }
+       else if (ret == NULL)
            ret = latest;
        *flagp |= flags&HASWIDTH;
        if (chain == NULL)      /* First piece. */
            *flagp |= flags&SPSTART;
        else {
-           PL_regnaughty++;
-           regtail(chain, latest);
+           RExC_naughty++;
+           regtail(pRExC_state, chain, latest);
        }
        chain = latest;
        c++;
     }
     if (chain == NULL) {       /* Loop ran zero times. */
-       chain = reg_node(NOTHING);
+       chain = reg_node(pRExC_state, NOTHING);
        if (ret == NULL)
            ret = chain;
     }
@@ -1354,29 +2434,30 @@ regbranch(I32 *flagp, I32 first)
  * endmarker role is not redundant.
  */
 STATIC regnode *
-regpiece(I32 *flagp)
+S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp)
 {
-    dTHR;
     register regnode *ret;
     register char op;
     register char *next;
     I32 flags;
-    char *origparse = PL_regcomp_parse;
+    char *origparse = RExC_parse;
     char *maxpos;
     I32 min;
     I32 max = REG_INFTY;
+    char *parse_start;
 
-    ret = regatom(&flags);
+    ret = regatom(pRExC_state, &flags);
     if (ret == NULL) {
        if (flags & TRYAGAIN)
            *flagp |= TRYAGAIN;
        return(NULL);
     }
 
-    op = *PL_regcomp_parse;
+    op = *RExC_parse;
 
-    if (op == '{' && regcurly(PL_regcomp_parse)) {
-       next = PL_regcomp_parse + 1;
+    if (op == '{' && regcurly(RExC_parse)) {
+        parse_start = RExC_parse; /* MJD */
+       next = RExC_parse + 1;
        maxpos = Nullch;
        while (isDIGIT(*next) || *next == ',') {
            if (*next == ',') {
@@ -1390,39 +2471,49 @@ regpiece(I32 *flagp)
        if (*next == '}') {             /* got one */
            if (!maxpos)
                maxpos = next;
-           PL_regcomp_parse++;
-           min = atoi(PL_regcomp_parse);
+           RExC_parse++;
+           min = atoi(RExC_parse);
            if (*maxpos == ',')
                maxpos++;
            else
-               maxpos = PL_regcomp_parse;
+               maxpos = RExC_parse;
            max = atoi(maxpos);
            if (!max && *maxpos != '0')
                max = REG_INFTY;                /* meaning "infinity" */
            else if (max >= REG_INFTY)
-               FAIL2("Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d", REG_INFTY - 1);
-           PL_regcomp_parse = next;
-           nextchar();
+               vFAIL2("Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d", REG_INFTY - 1);
+           RExC_parse = next;
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
 
        do_curly:
            if ((flags&SIMPLE)) {
-               PL_regnaughty += 2 + PL_regnaughty / 2;
-               reginsert(CURLY, ret);
+               RExC_naughty += 2 + RExC_naughty / 2;
+               reginsert(pRExC_state, CURLY, ret);
+                Set_Node_Offset(ret, parse_start+1); /* MJD */
+                Set_Node_Cur_Length(ret);
            }
            else {
-               PL_regnaughty += 4 + PL_regnaughty;     /* compound interest */
-               regtail(ret, reg_node(WHILEM));
-               if (!SIZE_ONLY && PL_extralen) {
-                   reginsert(LONGJMP,ret);
-                   reginsert(NOTHING,ret);
+               regnode *w = reg_node(pRExC_state, WHILEM);
+
+               w->flags = 0;
+               regtail(pRExC_state, ret, w);
+               if (!SIZE_ONLY && RExC_extralen) {
+                   reginsert(pRExC_state, LONGJMP,ret);
+                   reginsert(pRExC_state, NOTHING,ret);
                    NEXT_OFF(ret) = 3;  /* Go over LONGJMP. */
                }
-               reginsert(CURLYX,ret);
-               if (!SIZE_ONLY && PL_extralen)
+               reginsert(pRExC_state, CURLYX,ret);
+                                /* MJD hk */
+                Set_Node_Offset(ret, parse_start+1);
+                Set_Node_Length(ret, 
+                                op == '{' ? (RExC_parse - parse_start) : 1);
+                
+               if (!SIZE_ONLY && RExC_extralen)
                    NEXT_OFF(ret) = 3;  /* Go over NOTHING to LONGJMP. */
-               regtail(ret, reg_node(NOTHING));
+               regtail(pRExC_state, ret, reg_node(pRExC_state, NOTHING));
                if (SIZE_ONLY)
-                   PL_extralen += 3;
+                   RExC_whilem_seen++, RExC_extralen += 3;
+               RExC_naughty += 4 + RExC_naughty;       /* compound interest */
            }
            ret->flags = 0;
 
@@ -1431,7 +2522,7 @@ regpiece(I32 *flagp)
            if (max > 0)
                *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
            if (max && max < min)
-               FAIL("Can't do {n,m} with n > m");
+               vFAIL("Can't do {n,m} with n > m");
            if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
                ARG1_SET(ret, min);
                ARG2_SET(ret, max);
@@ -1447,47 +2538,65 @@ regpiece(I32 *flagp)
     }
 
 #if 0                          /* Now runtime fix should be reliable. */
+
+    /* if this is reinstated, don't forget to put this back into perldiag:
+
+           =item Regexp *+ operand could be empty at {#} in regex m/%s/
+
+          (F) The part of the regexp subject to either the * or + quantifier
+           could match an empty string. The {#} shows in the regular
+           expression about where the problem was discovered.
+
+    */
+
     if (!(flags&HASWIDTH) && op != '?')
-      FAIL("regexp *+ operand could be empty");
-#endif 
+      vFAIL("Regexp *+ operand could be empty");
+#endif
 
-    nextchar();
+    parse_start = RExC_parse;
+    nextchar(pRExC_state);
 
     *flagp = (op != '+') ? (WORST|SPSTART|HASWIDTH) : (WORST|HASWIDTH);
 
     if (op == '*' && (flags&SIMPLE)) {
-       reginsert(STAR, ret);
+       reginsert(pRExC_state, STAR, ret);
        ret->flags = 0;
-       PL_regnaughty += 4;
+       RExC_naughty += 4;
     }
     else if (op == '*') {
        min = 0;
        goto do_curly;
-    } else if (op == '+' && (flags&SIMPLE)) {
-       reginsert(PLUS, ret);
+    }
+    else if (op == '+' && (flags&SIMPLE)) {
+       reginsert(pRExC_state, PLUS, ret);
        ret->flags = 0;
-       PL_regnaughty += 3;
+       RExC_naughty += 3;
     }
     else if (op == '+') {
        min = 1;
        goto do_curly;
-    } else if (op == '?') {
+    }
+    else if (op == '?') {
        min = 0; max = 1;
        goto do_curly;
     }
   nest_check:
-    if (PL_dowarn && !SIZE_ONLY && !(flags&HASWIDTH) && max > 10000) {
-       warn("%.*s matches null string many times",
-           PL_regcomp_parse - origparse, origparse);
+    if (ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP) && !SIZE_ONLY && !(flags&HASWIDTH) && max > REG_INFTY/3) {
+       vWARN3(RExC_parse,
+              "%.*s matches null string many times",
+              RExC_parse - origparse,
+              origparse);
     }
 
-    if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '?') {
-       nextchar();
-       reginsert(MINMOD, ret);
-       regtail(ret, ret + NODE_STEP_REGNODE);
+    if (*RExC_parse == '?') {
+       nextchar(pRExC_state);
+       reginsert(pRExC_state, MINMOD, ret);
+       regtail(pRExC_state, ret, ret + NODE_STEP_REGNODE);
+    }
+    if (ISMULT2(RExC_parse)) {
+       RExC_parse++;
+       vFAIL("Nested quantifiers");
     }
-    if (ISMULT2(PL_regcomp_parse))
-       FAIL("nested *?+ in regexp");
 
     return(ret);
 }
@@ -1500,60 +2609,76 @@ regpiece(I32 *flagp)
  * faster to run.  Backslashed characters are exceptions, each becoming a
  * separate node; the code is simpler that way and it's not worth fixing.
  *
- * [Yes, it is worth fixing, some scripts can run twice the speed.]
- */
+ * [Yes, it is worth fixing, some scripts can run twice the speed.] */
 STATIC regnode *
-regatom(I32 *flagp)
+S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp)
 {
-    dTHR;
     register regnode *ret = 0;
     I32 flags;
+    char *parse_start = RExC_parse;
 
     *flagp = WORST;            /* Tentatively. */
 
 tryagain:
-    switch (*PL_regcomp_parse) {
+    switch (*RExC_parse) {
     case '^':
-       PL_seen_zerolen++;
-       nextchar();
-       if (PL_regflags & PMf_MULTILINE)
-           ret = reg_node(MBOL);
-       else if (PL_regflags & PMf_SINGLELINE)
-           ret = reg_node(SBOL);
+       RExC_seen_zerolen++;
+       nextchar(pRExC_state);
+       if (RExC_flags16 & PMf_MULTILINE)
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, MBOL);
+       else if (RExC_flags16 & PMf_SINGLELINE)
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SBOL);
        else
-           ret = reg_node(BOL);
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, BOL);
+        Set_Node_Length(ret, 1); /* MJD */
        break;
     case '$':
-       if (PL_regcomp_parse[1]) 
-           PL_seen_zerolen++;
-       nextchar();
-       if (PL_regflags & PMf_MULTILINE)
-           ret = reg_node(MEOL);
-       else if (PL_regflags & PMf_SINGLELINE)
-           ret = reg_node(SEOL);
+       nextchar(pRExC_state);
+       if (*RExC_parse)
+           RExC_seen_zerolen++;
+       if (RExC_flags16 & PMf_MULTILINE)
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, MEOL);
+       else if (RExC_flags16 & PMf_SINGLELINE)
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SEOL);
        else
-           ret = reg_node(EOL);
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, EOL);
+        Set_Node_Length(ret, 1); /* MJD */
        break;
     case '.':
-       nextchar();
-       if (PL_regflags & PMf_SINGLELINE)
-           ret = reg_node(SANY);
+       nextchar(pRExC_state);
+       if (RExC_flags16 & PMf_SINGLELINE)
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SANY);
        else
-           ret = reg_node(ANY);
-       PL_regnaughty++;
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, REG_ANY);
        *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+       RExC_naughty++;
+        Set_Node_Length(ret, 1); /* MJD */
        break;
     case '[':
-       PL_regcomp_parse++;
-       ret = regclass();
+    {
+       char *oregcomp_parse = ++RExC_parse;
+       ret = regclass(pRExC_state);
+       if (*RExC_parse != ']') {
+           RExC_parse = oregcomp_parse;
+           vFAIL("Unmatched [");
+       }
+       nextchar(pRExC_state);
        *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+        Set_Node_Length(ret, RExC_parse - oregcomp_parse + 1); /* MJD */
        break;
+    }
     case '(':
-       nextchar();
-       ret = reg(1, &flags);
+       nextchar(pRExC_state);
+       ret = reg(pRExC_state, 1, &flags);
        if (ret == NULL) {
-               if (flags & TRYAGAIN)
+               if (flags & TRYAGAIN) {
+                   if (RExC_parse == RExC_end) {
+                        /* Make parent create an empty node if needed. */
+                       *flagp |= TRYAGAIN;
+                       return(NULL);
+                   }
                    goto tryagain;
+               }
                return(NULL);
        }
        *flagp |= flags&(HASWIDTH|SPSTART|SIMPLE);
@@ -1564,86 +2689,141 @@ tryagain:
            *flagp |= TRYAGAIN;
            return NULL;
        }
-       FAIL2("internal urp in regexp at /%s/", PL_regcomp_parse);
+       vFAIL("Internal urp");
                                /* Supposed to be caught earlier. */
        break;
     case '{':
-       if (!regcurly(PL_regcomp_parse)) {
-           PL_regcomp_parse++;
+       if (!regcurly(RExC_parse)) {
+           RExC_parse++;
            goto defchar;
        }
        /* FALL THROUGH */
     case '?':
     case '+':
     case '*':
-       FAIL("?+*{} follows nothing in regexp");
+       RExC_parse++;
+       vFAIL("Quantifier follows nothing");
        break;
     case '\\':
-       switch (*++PL_regcomp_parse) {
+       switch (*++RExC_parse) {
        case 'A':
-           PL_seen_zerolen++;
-           ret = reg_node(SBOL);
+           RExC_seen_zerolen++;
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SBOL);
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
-           nextchar();
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'G':
-           ret = reg_node(GPOS);
-           PL_regseen |= REG_SEEN_GPOS;
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, GPOS);
+           RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_GPOS;
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
-           nextchar();
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'Z':
-           ret = reg_node(SEOL);
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SEOL);
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
-           nextchar();
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
            break;
        case 'z':
-           ret = reg_node(EOS);
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, EOS);
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
-           PL_seen_zerolen++;          /* Do not optimize RE away */
-           nextchar();
+           RExC_seen_zerolen++;                /* Do not optimize RE away */
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
+           break;
+       case 'C':
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SANY);
+           RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_SANY;
+           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
+           break;
+       case 'X':
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, CLUMP);
+           *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'w':
-           ret = reg_node((PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE) ? ALNUML : ALNUM);
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOC ? ALNUML     : ALNUM);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           nextchar();
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'W':
-           ret = reg_node((PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE) ? NALNUML : NALNUM);
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOC ? NALNUML     : NALNUM);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           nextchar();
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'b':
-           PL_seen_zerolen++;
-           ret = reg_node((PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE) ? BOUNDL : BOUND);
+           RExC_seen_zerolen++;
+           RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND;
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOC ? BOUNDL     : BOUND);
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
-           nextchar();
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'B':
-           PL_seen_zerolen++;
-           ret = reg_node((PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE) ? NBOUNDL : NBOUND);
+           RExC_seen_zerolen++;
+           RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND;
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOC ? NBOUNDL     : NBOUND);
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
-           nextchar();
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 's':
-           ret = reg_node((PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE) ? SPACEL : SPACE);
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOC ? SPACEL     : SPACE);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           nextchar();
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'S':
-           ret = reg_node((PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE) ? NSPACEL : NSPACE);
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOC ? NSPACEL     : NSPACE);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           nextchar();
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'd':
-           ret = reg_node(DIGIT);
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, DIGIT);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           nextchar();
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'D':
-           ret = reg_node(NDIGIT);
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, NDIGIT);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           nextchar();
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
+           break;
+       case 'p':
+       case 'P':
+           {   /* a lovely hack--pretend we saw [\pX] instead */
+               char* oldregxend = RExC_end;
+                char* parse_start = RExC_parse;
+
+               if (RExC_parse[1] == '{') {
+                   RExC_end = strchr(RExC_parse, '}');
+                   if (!RExC_end) {
+                       RExC_parse += 2;
+                       RExC_end = oldregxend;
+                       vFAIL("Missing right brace on \\p{}");
+                   }
+                   RExC_end++;
+               }
+               else
+                   RExC_end = RExC_parse + 2;
+               RExC_parse--;
+
+               ret = regclass(pRExC_state);
+
+               RExC_end = oldregxend;
+               RExC_parse--;
+                Set_Node_Cur_Length(ret); /* MJD */
+               nextchar(pRExC_state);
+               *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+           }
            break;
        case 'n':
        case 'r':
@@ -1658,65 +2838,73 @@ tryagain:
        case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
        case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
            {
-               I32 num = atoi(PL_regcomp_parse);
+               I32 num = atoi(RExC_parse);
 
-               if (num > 9 && num >= PL_regnpar)
+               if (num > 9 && num >= RExC_npar)
                    goto defchar;
                else {
-                   if (!SIZE_ONLY && num > PL_regcomp_rx->nparens)
-                       FAIL("reference to nonexistent group");
-                   PL_regsawback = 1;
-                   ret = reganode((PL_regflags & PMf_FOLD)
-                                  ? ((PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE) ? REFFL : REFF)
+                    char * parse_start = RExC_parse - 1; /* MJD */
+                   while (isDIGIT(*RExC_parse))
+                       RExC_parse++;
+
+                   if (!SIZE_ONLY && num > RExC_rx->nparens)
+                       vFAIL("Reference to nonexistent group");
+                   RExC_sawback = 1;
+                   ret = reganode(pRExC_state, FOLD
+                                  ? (LOC ? REFFL : REFF)
                                   : REF, num);
                    *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
-                   while (isDIGIT(*PL_regcomp_parse))
-                       PL_regcomp_parse++;
-                   PL_regcomp_parse--;
-                   nextchar();
+                    
+                    /* override incorrect value set in reganode MJD */
+                    Set_Node_Offset(ret, parse_start+1); 
+                    Set_Node_Cur_Length(ret); /* MJD */
+                   RExC_parse--;
+                   nextchar(pRExC_state);
                }
            }
            break;
        case '\0':
-           if (PL_regcomp_parse >= PL_regxend)
-               FAIL("trailing \\ in regexp");
+           if (RExC_parse >= RExC_end)
+               FAIL("Trailing \\");
            /* FALL THROUGH */
        default:
+           /* Do not generate `unrecognized' warnings here, we fall
+              back into the quick-grab loop below */
            goto defchar;
        }
        break;
 
     case '#':
-       if (PL_regflags & PMf_EXTENDED) {
-           while (PL_regcomp_parse < PL_regxend && *PL_regcomp_parse != '\n') PL_regcomp_parse++;
-           if (PL_regcomp_parse < PL_regxend)
+       if (RExC_flags16 & PMf_EXTENDED) {
+           while (RExC_parse < RExC_end && *RExC_parse != '\n') RExC_parse++;
+           if (RExC_parse < RExC_end)
                goto tryagain;
        }
        /* FALL THROUGH */
 
     default: {
-           register I32 len;
-           register U8 ender;
+           register STRLEN len;
+           register UV ender;
            register char *p;
            char *oldp, *s;
-           I32 numlen;
+           STRLEN numlen;
+            char *parse_start = RExC_parse - 1;
 
-           PL_regcomp_parse++;
+           RExC_parse++;
 
        defchar:
-           ret = reg_node((PL_regflags & PMf_FOLD)
-                         ? ((PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE) ? EXACTFL : EXACTF)
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, FOLD
+                         ? (LOC ? EXACTFL : EXACTF)
                          : EXACT);
-           s = (char *) OPERAND(ret);
-           regc(0, s++);               /* save spot for len */
-           for (len = 0, p = PL_regcomp_parse - 1;
-             len < 127 && p < PL_regxend;
+           s = STRING(ret);
+           for (len = 0, p = RExC_parse - 1;
+             len < 127 && p < RExC_end;
              len++)
            {
                oldp = p;
 
-               if (PL_regflags & PMf_EXTENDED)
-                   p = regwhite(p, PL_regxend);
+               if (RExC_flags16 & PMf_EXTENDED)
+                   p = regwhite(p, RExC_end);
                switch (*p) {
                case '^':
                case '$':
@@ -1740,6 +2928,8 @@ tryagain:
                    case 'S':
                    case 'd':
                    case 'D':
+                   case 'p':
+                   case 'P':
                        --p;
                        goto loopdone;
                    case 'n':
@@ -1759,16 +2949,39 @@ tryagain:
                        p++;
                        break;
                    case 'e':
-                       ender = '\033';
+                         ender = ASCII_TO_NATIVE('\033');
                        p++;
                        break;
                    case 'a':
-                       ender = '\007';
+                         ender = ASCII_TO_NATIVE('\007');
                        p++;
                        break;
                    case 'x':
-                       ender = scan_hex(++p, 2, &numlen);
-                       p += numlen;
+                       if (*++p == '{') {
+                           char* e = strchr(p, '}');
+       
+                           if (!e) {
+                               RExC_parse = p + 1;
+                               vFAIL("Missing right brace on \\x{}");
+                           }
+                           else {
+                               numlen = 1;     /* allow underscores */
+                               ender = (UV)scan_hex(p + 1, e - p - 1, &numlen);
+                               if (ender > 0xff)
+                                   RExC_utf8 = 1;
+                               /* numlen is generous */
+                               if (numlen + len >= 127) {
+                                   p--;
+                                   goto loopdone;
+                               }
+                               p = e + 1;
+                           }
+                       }
+                       else {
+                           numlen = 0;         /* disallow underscores */
+                           ender = (UV)scan_hex(p, 2, &numlen);
+                           p += numlen;
+                       }
                        break;
                    case 'c':
                        p++;
@@ -1778,8 +2991,9 @@ tryagain:
                    case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':case '4':
                    case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8':case '9':
                        if (*p == '0' ||
-                         (isDIGIT(p[1]) && atoi(p) >= PL_regnpar) ) {
-                           ender = scan_oct(p, 3, &numlen);
+                         (isDIGIT(p[1]) && atoi(p) >= RExC_npar) ) {
+                           numlen = 0;         /* disallow underscores */
+                           ender = (UV)scan_oct(p, 3, &numlen);
                            p += numlen;
                        }
                        else {
@@ -1788,48 +3002,76 @@ tryagain:
                        }
                        break;
                    case '\0':
-                       if (p >= PL_regxend)
-                           FAIL("trailing \\ in regexp");
+                       if (p >= RExC_end)
+                           FAIL("Trailing \\");
                        /* FALL THROUGH */
                    default:
-                       ender = *p++;
-                       break;
+                       if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP) && isALPHA(*p))
+                           vWARN2(p +1, "Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through", *p);
+                       goto normal_default;
                    }
                    break;
                default:
-                   ender = *p++;
+                 normal_default:
+                   if (UTF8_IS_START(*p) && UTF) {
+                       ender = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8*)p, RExC_end - p,
+                                              &numlen, 0);
+                       p += numlen;
+                   }
+                   else
+                       ender = *p++;
                    break;
                }
-               if (PL_regflags & PMf_EXTENDED)
-                   p = regwhite(p, PL_regxend);
+               if (RExC_flags16 & PMf_EXTENDED)
+                   p = regwhite(p, RExC_end);
+               if (UTF && FOLD) {
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ender = toLOWER_LC_uvchr(ender);
+                   else
+                       ender = toLOWER_uni(ender);
+               }
                if (ISMULT2(p)) { /* Back off on ?+*. */
                    if (len)
                        p = oldp;
+                   else if (!UNI_IS_INVARIANT(NATIVE_TO_UNI(ender)) && UTF) {
+                       reguni(pRExC_state, ender, s, &numlen);
+                       s += numlen;
+                       len += numlen;
+                   }
                    else {
                        len++;
-                       regc(ender, s++);
+                       REGC(ender, s++);
                    }
                    break;
                }
-               regc(ender, s++);
+               if (!UNI_IS_INVARIANT(NATIVE_TO_UNI(ender)) && UTF) {
+                   reguni(pRExC_state, ender, s, &numlen);
+                   s += numlen;
+                   len += numlen - 1;
+               }
+               else
+                   REGC(ender, s++);
            }
        loopdone:
-           PL_regcomp_parse = p - 1;
-           nextchar();
-           if (len < 0)
-               FAIL("internal disaster in regexp");
+           RExC_parse = p - 1;
+            Set_Node_Cur_Length(ret); /* MJD */
+           nextchar(pRExC_state);
+           {
+               /* len is STRLEN which is unsigned, need to copy to signed */
+               IV iv = len;
+               if (iv < 0)
+                   vFAIL("Internal disaster");
+           }
            if (len > 0)
                *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
            if (len == 1)
                *flagp |= SIMPLE;
            if (!SIZE_ONLY)
-               *OPERAND(ret) = len;
-           regc('\0', s++);
-           if (SIZE_ONLY) {
-               PL_regsize += (len + 2 + sizeof(regnode) - 1) / sizeof(regnode);
-           } else {
-               PL_regcode += (len + 2 + sizeof(regnode) - 1) / sizeof(regnode);
-           }
+               STR_LEN(ret) = len;
+           if (SIZE_ONLY)
+               RExC_size += STR_SZ(len);
+           else
+               RExC_emit += STR_SZ(len);
        }
        break;
     }
@@ -1838,7 +3080,7 @@ tryagain:
 }
 
 STATIC char *
-regwhite(char *p, char *e)
+S_regwhite(pTHX_ char *p, char *e)
 {
     while (p < e) {
        if (isSPACE(*p))
@@ -1854,234 +3096,866 @@ regwhite(char *p, char *e)
     return p;
 }
 
+/* Parse POSIX character classes: [[:foo:]], [[=foo=]], [[.foo.]].
+   Character classes ([:foo:]) can also be negated ([:^foo:]).
+   Returns a named class id (ANYOF_XXX) if successful, -1 otherwise.
+   Equivalence classes ([=foo=]) and composites ([.foo.]) are parsed,
+   but trigger warnings because they are currently unimplemented. */
+STATIC I32
+S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value)
+{
+    char *posixcc = 0;
+    I32 namedclass = OOB_NAMEDCLASS;
+
+    if (value == '[' && RExC_parse + 1 < RExC_end &&
+       /* I smell either [: or [= or [. -- POSIX has been here, right? */
+       (*RExC_parse == ':' ||
+        *RExC_parse == '=' ||
+        *RExC_parse == '.')) {
+       char  c = *RExC_parse;
+       char* s = RExC_parse++;
+       
+       while (RExC_parse < RExC_end && *RExC_parse != c)
+           RExC_parse++;
+       if (RExC_parse == RExC_end)
+           /* Grandfather lone [:, [=, [. */
+           RExC_parse = s;
+       else {
+           char* t = RExC_parse++; /* skip over the c */
+
+           if (*RExC_parse == ']') {
+               RExC_parse++; /* skip over the ending ] */
+               posixcc = s + 1;
+               if (*s == ':') {
+                   I32 complement = *posixcc == '^' ? *posixcc++ : 0;
+                   I32 skip = 5; /* the most common skip */
+
+                   switch (*posixcc) {
+                   case 'a':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "alnum", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NALNUMC : ANYOF_ALNUMC;
+                       else if (strnEQ(posixcc, "alpha", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NALPHA : ANYOF_ALPHA;
+                       else if (strnEQ(posixcc, "ascii", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NASCII : ANYOF_ASCII;
+                       break;
+                   case 'b':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "blank", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NBLANK : ANYOF_BLANK;
+                       break;
+                   case 'c':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "cntrl", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NCNTRL : ANYOF_CNTRL;
+                       break;
+                   case 'd':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "digit", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NDIGIT : ANYOF_DIGIT;
+                       break;
+                   case 'g':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "graph", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NGRAPH : ANYOF_GRAPH;
+                       break;
+                   case 'l':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "lower", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NLOWER : ANYOF_LOWER;
+                       break;
+                   case 'p':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "print", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NPRINT : ANYOF_PRINT;
+                       else if (strnEQ(posixcc, "punct", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NPUNCT : ANYOF_PUNCT;
+                       break;
+                   case 's':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "space", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NPSXSPC : ANYOF_PSXSPC;
+                       break;
+                   case 'u':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "upper", 5))
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NUPPER : ANYOF_UPPER;
+                       break;
+                   case 'w': /* this is not POSIX, this is the Perl \w */
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "word", 4)) {
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NALNUM : ANYOF_ALNUM;
+                           skip = 4;
+                       }
+                       break;
+                   case 'x':
+                       if (strnEQ(posixcc, "xdigit", 6)) {
+                           namedclass =
+                               complement ? ANYOF_NXDIGIT : ANYOF_XDIGIT;
+                           skip = 6;
+                       }
+                       break;
+                   }
+                   if (namedclass == OOB_NAMEDCLASS ||
+                       posixcc[skip] != ':' ||
+                       posixcc[skip+1] != ']')
+                   {
+                       Simple_vFAIL3("POSIX class [:%.*s:] unknown",
+                                     t - s - 1, s + 1);
+                   }
+               } else if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+                   /* [[=foo=]] and [[.foo.]] are still future. */
+
+                   /* adjust RExC_parse so the warning shows after
+                      the class closes */
+                   while (*RExC_parse && *RExC_parse != ']')
+                       RExC_parse++;
+                   Simple_vFAIL3("POSIX syntax [%c %c] is reserved for future extensions", c, c);
+               }
+           } else {
+               /* Maternal grandfather:
+                * "[:" ending in ":" but not in ":]" */
+               RExC_parse = s;
+           }
+       }
+    }
+
+    return namedclass;
+}
+
+STATIC void
+S_checkposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
+{
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP) &&
+       (*RExC_parse == ':' ||
+        *RExC_parse == '=' ||
+        *RExC_parse == '.')) {
+       char *s = RExC_parse;
+       char  c = *s++;
+
+       while(*s && isALNUM(*s))
+           s++;
+       if (*s && c == *s && s[1] == ']') {
+           vWARN3(s+2, "POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes", c, c);
+
+           /* [[=foo=]] and [[.foo.]] are still future. */
+           if (c == '=' || c == '.')
+           {
+               /* adjust RExC_parse so the error shows after
+                  the class closes */
+               while (*RExC_parse && *RExC_parse++ != ']')
+                   ;
+               Simple_vFAIL3("POSIX syntax [%c %c] is reserved for future extensions", c, c);
+           }
+       }
+    }
+}
+
 STATIC regnode *
-regclass(void)
+S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
 {
-    dTHR;
-    register char *opnd, *s;
-    register I32 Class;
-    register I32 lastclass = 1234;
-    register I32 range = 0;
+    register UV value;
+    register IV lastvalue = OOB_UNICODE;
+    register IV range = 0;
     register regnode *ret;
-    register I32 def;
-    I32 numlen;
-
-    s = opnd = (char *) OPERAND(PL_regcode);
-    ret = reg_node(ANYOF);
-    for (Class = 0; Class < 33; Class++)
-       regc(0, s++);
-    if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '^') {    /* Complement of range. */
-       PL_regnaughty++;
-       PL_regcomp_parse++;
+    STRLEN numlen;
+    IV namedclass;
+    char *rangebegin;
+    bool need_class = 0;
+    SV *listsv;
+    register char *e;
+    char *parse_start = RExC_parse; /* MJD */
+    UV n;
+    bool dont_optimize_invert = FALSE;
+
+    ret = reganode(pRExC_state, ANYOF, 0);
+
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+       ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) = 0;
+
+    if (*RExC_parse == '^') {  /* Complement of range. */
+       RExC_naughty++;
+       RExC_parse++;
        if (!SIZE_ONLY)
-           *opnd |= ANYOF_INVERT;
+           ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_INVERT;
     }
-    if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
-       PL_regcode += ANY_SKIP;
-       if (PL_regflags & PMf_FOLD)
-           *opnd |= ANYOF_FOLD;
-       if (PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE)
-           *opnd |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
-    } else {
-       PL_regsize += ANY_SKIP;
-    }
-    if (*PL_regcomp_parse == ']' || *PL_regcomp_parse == '-')
-       goto skipcond;          /* allow 1st char to be ] or - */
-    while (PL_regcomp_parse < PL_regxend && *PL_regcomp_parse != ']') {
-       skipcond:
-       Class = UCHARAT(PL_regcomp_parse++);
-       if (Class == '[' && PL_regcomp_parse + 1 < PL_regxend &&
-           /* I smell either [: or [= or [. -- POSIX has been here, right? */
-           (*PL_regcomp_parse == ':' || *PL_regcomp_parse == '=' || *PL_regcomp_parse == '.')) {
-           char  posixccc = *PL_regcomp_parse;
-           char* posixccs = PL_regcomp_parse++;
-           
-           while (PL_regcomp_parse < PL_regxend && *PL_regcomp_parse != posixccc)
-               PL_regcomp_parse++;
-           if (PL_regcomp_parse == PL_regxend)
-               /* Grandfather lone [:, [=, [. */
-               PL_regcomp_parse = posixccs;
-           else {
-               PL_regcomp_parse++; /* skip over the posixccc */
-               if (*PL_regcomp_parse == ']') {
-                   /* Not Implemented Yet.
-                    * (POSIX Extended Character Classes, that is)
-                    * The text between e.g. [: and :] would start
-                    * at posixccs + 1 and stop at regcomp_parse - 2. */
-                   if (PL_dowarn && !SIZE_ONLY)
-                       warn("Character class syntax [%c %c] is reserved for future extensions", posixccc, posixccc);
-                   PL_regcomp_parse++; /* skip over the ending ] */
-               }
-           }
+
+    if (SIZE_ONLY)
+       RExC_size += ANYOF_SKIP;
+    else {
+       RExC_emit += ANYOF_SKIP;
+       if (FOLD)
+           ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_FOLD;
+       if (LOC)
+           ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+       ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(ret);
+       listsv = newSVpvn("# comment\n", 10);
+    }
+
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP))
+       checkposixcc(pRExC_state);
+
+    if (*RExC_parse == ']' || *RExC_parse == '-')
+       goto charclassloop;             /* allow 1st char to be ] or - */
+
+    while (RExC_parse < RExC_end && *RExC_parse != ']') {
+
+    charclassloop:
+
+       namedclass = OOB_NAMEDCLASS; /* initialize as illegal */
+
+       if (!range)
+           rangebegin = RExC_parse;
+       if (UTF) {
+           value = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8*)RExC_parse,
+                              RExC_end - RExC_parse,
+                              &numlen, 0);
+           RExC_parse += numlen;
        }
-       if (Class == '\\') {
-           Class = UCHARAT(PL_regcomp_parse++);
-           switch (Class) {
-           case 'w':
-               if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
-                   if (PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE)
-                       *opnd |= ANYOF_ALNUML;
-                   else {
-                       for (Class = 0; Class < 256; Class++)
-                           if (isALNUM(Class))
-                               ANYOF_SET(opnd, Class);
-                   }
-               }
-               lastclass = 1234;
-               continue;
-           case 'W':
-               if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
-                   if (PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE)
-                       *opnd |= ANYOF_NALNUML;
-                   else {
-                       for (Class = 0; Class < 256; Class++)
-                           if (!isALNUM(Class))
-                               ANYOF_SET(opnd, Class);
-                   }
+       else
+           value = UCHARAT(RExC_parse++);
+       if (value == '[')
+           namedclass = regpposixcc(pRExC_state, value);
+       else if (value == '\\') {
+           if (UTF) {
+               value = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8*)RExC_parse,
+                                  RExC_end - RExC_parse,
+                                  &numlen, 0);
+               RExC_parse += numlen;
+           }
+           else
+               value = UCHARAT(RExC_parse++);
+           /* Some compilers cannot handle switching on 64-bit integer
+            * values, therefore value cannot be an UV.  Yes, this will
+            * be a problem later if we want switch on Unicode.
+            * A similar issue a little bit later when switching on
+            * namedclass. --jhi */
+           switch ((I32)value) {
+           case 'w':   namedclass = ANYOF_ALNUM;       break;
+           case 'W':   namedclass = ANYOF_NALNUM;      break;
+           case 's':   namedclass = ANYOF_SPACE;       break;
+           case 'S':   namedclass = ANYOF_NSPACE;      break;
+           case 'd':   namedclass = ANYOF_DIGIT;       break;
+           case 'D':   namedclass = ANYOF_NDIGIT;      break;
+           case 'p':
+           case 'P':
+               if (*RExC_parse == '{') {
+                   e = strchr(RExC_parse++, '}');
+                    if (!e)
+                        vFAIL("Missing right brace on \\p{}");
+                   n = e - RExC_parse;
                }
-               lastclass = 1234;
-               continue;
-           case 's':
-               if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
-                   if (PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE)
-                       *opnd |= ANYOF_SPACEL;
-                   else {
-                       for (Class = 0; Class < 256; Class++)
-                           if (isSPACE(Class))
-                               ANYOF_SET(opnd, Class);
-                   }
+               else {
+                   e = RExC_parse;
+                   n = 1;
                }
-               lastclass = 1234;
-               continue;
-           case 'S':
                if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
-                   if (PL_regflags & PMf_LOCALE)
-                       *opnd |= ANYOF_NSPACEL;
-                   else {
-                       for (Class = 0; Class < 256; Class++)
-                           if (!isSPACE(Class))
-                               ANYOF_SET(opnd, Class);
-                   }
+                   if (value == 'p')
+                       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
+                                      "+utf8::%.*s\n", (int)n, RExC_parse);
+                   else
+                       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
+                                      "!utf8::%.*s\n", (int)n, RExC_parse);
                }
-               lastclass = 1234;
+               RExC_parse = e + 1;
+               ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_UNICODE;
                continue;
-           case 'd':
-               if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
-                   for (Class = '0'; Class <= '9'; Class++)
-                       ANYOF_SET(opnd, Class);
+           case 'n':   value = '\n';                   break;
+           case 'r':   value = '\r';                   break;
+           case 't':   value = '\t';                   break;
+           case 'f':   value = '\f';                   break;
+           case 'b':   value = '\b';                   break;
+           case 'e':   value = ASCII_TO_NATIVE('\033');break;
+           case 'a':   value = ASCII_TO_NATIVE('\007');break;
+           case 'x':
+               if (*RExC_parse == '{') {
+                   e = strchr(RExC_parse++, '}');
+                    if (!e)
+                        vFAIL("Missing right brace on \\x{}");
+                   numlen = 1;         /* allow underscores */
+                   value = (UV)scan_hex(RExC_parse,
+                                        e - RExC_parse,
+                                        &numlen);
+                   RExC_parse = e + 1;
                }
-               lastclass = 1234;
-               continue;
-           case 'D':
-               if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
-                   for (Class = 0; Class < '0'; Class++)
-                       ANYOF_SET(opnd, Class);
-                   for (Class = '9' + 1; Class < 256; Class++)
-                       ANYOF_SET(opnd, Class);
+               else {
+                   numlen = 0;         /* disallow underscores */
+                   value = (UV)scan_hex(RExC_parse, 2, &numlen);
+                   RExC_parse += numlen;
                }
-               lastclass = 1234;
-               continue;
-           case 'n':
-               Class = '\n';
-               break;
-           case 'r':
-               Class = '\r';
-               break;
-           case 't':
-               Class = '\t';
-               break;
-           case 'f':
-               Class = '\f';
-               break;
-           case 'b':
-               Class = '\b';
-               break;
-           case 'e':
-               Class = '\033';
-               break;
-           case 'a':
-               Class = '\007';
-               break;
-           case 'x':
-               Class = scan_hex(PL_regcomp_parse, 2, &numlen);
-               PL_regcomp_parse += numlen;
                break;
            case 'c':
-               Class = UCHARAT(PL_regcomp_parse++);
-               Class = toCTRL(Class);
+               value = UCHARAT(RExC_parse++);
+               value = toCTRL(value);
                break;
            case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
            case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
-               Class = scan_oct(--PL_regcomp_parse, 3, &numlen);
-               PL_regcomp_parse += numlen;
+               numlen = 0;             /* disallow underscores */
+               value = (UV)scan_oct(--RExC_parse, 3, &numlen);
+               RExC_parse += numlen;
+               break;
+           default:
+               if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP) && isALPHA(value))
+                   vWARN2(RExC_parse,
+                          "Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through",
+                          (int)value);
                break;
            }
-       }
-       if (range) {
-           if (lastclass > Class)
-               FAIL("invalid [] range in regexp");
-           range = 0;
-       }
-       else {
-           lastclass = Class;
-           if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '-' && PL_regcomp_parse+1 < PL_regxend &&
-             PL_regcomp_parse[1] != ']') {
-               PL_regcomp_parse++;
-               range = 1;
-               continue;       /* do it next time */
+       } /* end of \blah */
+
+       if (namedclass > OOB_NAMEDCLASS) { /* this is a named class \blah */
+
+           if (!SIZE_ONLY && !need_class)
+               ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(ret);
+
+           need_class = 1;
+
+           /* a bad range like a-\d, a-[:digit:] ? */
+           if (range) {
+               if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+                   if (ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP))
+                       vWARN4(RExC_parse,
+                              "False [] range \"%*.*s\"",
+                              RExC_parse - rangebegin,
+                              RExC_parse - rangebegin,
+                              rangebegin);
+                   if (lastvalue < 256) {
+                       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, lastvalue);
+                       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, '-');
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_UNICODE;
+                       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
+                                      "%04"UVxf"\n%04"UVxf"\n", (UV)lastvalue, (UV) '-');
+                   }
+               }
+
+               range = 0; /* this was not a true range */
            }
+
+           if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+               /* Possible truncation here but in some 64-bit environments
+                * the compiler gets heartburn about switch on 64-bit values.
+                * A similar issue a little earlier when switching on value.
+                * --jhi */
+               switch ((I32)namedclass) {
+               case ANYOF_ALNUM:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isALNUM(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsWord\n");    
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NALNUM:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isALNUM(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsWord\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_ALNUMC:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_ALNUMC);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isALNUMC(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsAlnum\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NALNUMC:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NALNUMC);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isALNUMC(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsAlnum\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_ALPHA:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_ALPHA);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isALPHA(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsAlpha\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NALPHA:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NALPHA);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isALPHA(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsAlpha\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_ASCII:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_ASCII);
+                   else {
+#ifndef EBCDIC
+                       for (value = 0; value < 128; value++)
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+#else  /* EBCDIC */
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
+                           if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_ASCIIR) {
+                               if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(value) < 128)
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                           }
+                           else {
+                               if (isASCII(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                           }
+                       }
+#endif /* EBCDIC */
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsASCII\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NASCII:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NASCII);
+                   else {
+#ifndef EBCDIC
+                       for (value = 128; value < 256; value++)
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+#else  /* EBCDIC */
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
+                           if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_ASCIIR) {
+                               if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(value) >= 128)
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                           }
+                           else {
+                               if (!isASCII(value))
+                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                           }
+                       }
+#endif /* EBCDIC */
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsASCII\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_BLANK:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_BLANK);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isBLANK(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsBlank\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NBLANK:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NBLANK);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isBLANK(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsBlank\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_CNTRL:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_CNTRL);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isCNTRL(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsCntrl\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NCNTRL:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NCNTRL);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isCNTRL(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsCntrl\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_DIGIT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_DIGIT);
+                   else {
+                       /* consecutive digits assumed */
+                       for (value = '0'; value <= '9'; value++)
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsDigit\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NDIGIT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NDIGIT);
+                   else {
+                       /* consecutive digits assumed */
+                       for (value = 0; value < '0'; value++)
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                       for (value = '9' + 1; value < 256; value++)
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsDigit\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_GRAPH:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_GRAPH);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isGRAPH(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsGraph\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NGRAPH:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NGRAPH);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isGRAPH(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsGraph\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_LOWER:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_LOWER);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isLOWER(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsLower\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NLOWER:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NLOWER);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isLOWER(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsLower\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_PRINT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_PRINT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isPRINT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsPrint\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NPRINT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NPRINT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isPRINT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsPrint\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_PSXSPC:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_PSXSPC);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isPSXSPC(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsSpace\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NPSXSPC:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NPSXSPC);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isPSXSPC(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsSpace\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_PUNCT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_PUNCT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isPUNCT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsPunct\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NPUNCT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NPUNCT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isPUNCT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsPunct\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_SPACE:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_SPACE);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isSPACE(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsSpacePerl\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NSPACE:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isSPACE(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsSpacePerl\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_UPPER:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_UPPER);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isUPPER(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsUpper\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NUPPER:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NUPPER);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isUPPER(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsUpper\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_XDIGIT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_XDIGIT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (isXDIGIT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsXDigit\n");
+                   break;
+               case ANYOF_NXDIGIT:
+                   if (LOC)
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_NXDIGIT);
+                   else {
+                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                           if (!isXDIGIT(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
+                   }
+                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsXDigit\n");
+                   break;
+               default:
+                   vFAIL("Invalid [::] class");
+                   break;
+               }
+               if (LOC)
+                   ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_CLASS;
+               continue;
+           }
+       } /* end of namedclass \blah */
+
+       if (range) {
+           if (((lastvalue > value) && !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_ASCIIR)) ||
+                ((NATIVE_TO_UNI(lastvalue) > NATIVE_TO_UNI(value)) && (PL_hints & HINT_RE_ASCIIR))) /* b-a */ {
+               Simple_vFAIL4("Invalid [] range \"%*.*s\"",
+                             RExC_parse - rangebegin,
+                             RExC_parse - rangebegin,
+                             rangebegin);
+           }
+           range = 0; /* not a true range */
        }
-       if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
-           for ( ; lastclass <= Class; lastclass++)
-               ANYOF_SET(opnd, lastclass);
-       }
-       lastclass = Class;
+       else {
+           lastvalue = value; /* save the beginning of the range */
+           if (*RExC_parse == '-' && RExC_parse+1 < RExC_end &&
+               RExC_parse[1] != ']') {
+               RExC_parse++;
+
+               /* a bad range like \w-, [:word:]- ? */
+               if (namedclass > OOB_NAMEDCLASS) {
+                   if (ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP))
+                       vWARN4(RExC_parse,
+                              "False [] range \"%*.*s\"",
+                              RExC_parse - rangebegin,
+                              RExC_parse - rangebegin,
+                              rangebegin);
+                   if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+                       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, '-');
+               } else
+                   range = 1;  /* yeah, it's a range! */
+               continue;       /* but do it the next time */
+           }
+       }
+
+       /* now is the next time */
+       if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+           if (lastvalue < 256 && value < 256) {
+#ifdef EBCDIC /* EBCDIC, for example. */
+               if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_ASCIIR) {
+                   IV i;
+                   /* New style scheme for ranges:
+                    * after :
+                    * use re 'asciir';
+                    * do ranges in ASCII/Unicode space
+                    */
+                   for (i = NATIVE_TO_ASCII(lastvalue) ; i <= NATIVE_TO_ASCII(value); i++)
+                       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, ASCII_TO_NATIVE(i));
+               }
+               else if ((isLOWER(lastvalue) && isLOWER(value)) ||
+                   (isUPPER(lastvalue) && isUPPER(value)))
+               {
+                   IV i;
+                   if (isLOWER(lastvalue)) {
+                       for (i = lastvalue; i <= value; i++)
+                           if (isLOWER(i))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, i);
+                   } else {
+                       for (i = lastvalue; i <= value; i++)
+                           if (isUPPER(i))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, i);
+                   }
+               }
+               else
+#endif
+                   for ( ; lastvalue <= value; lastvalue++)
+                       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, lastvalue);
+           } else {
+               ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_UNICODE;
+               if (lastvalue < value)
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04"UVxf"\t%04"UVxf"\n",
+                                  (UV)lastvalue, (UV)value);
+               else
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04"UVxf"\n",
+                                  (UV)value);
+           }
+        }
+
+       range = 0; /* this range (if it was one) is done now */
     }
-    if (*PL_regcomp_parse != ']')
-       FAIL("unmatched [] in regexp");
-    nextchar();
+
+    if (need_class) {
+       if (SIZE_ONLY)
+           RExC_size += ANYOF_CLASS_ADD_SKIP;
+       else
+           RExC_emit += ANYOF_CLASS_ADD_SKIP;
+    }
+
     /* optimize case-insensitive simple patterns (e.g. /[a-z]/i) */
-    if (!SIZE_ONLY && (*opnd & (0xFF ^ ANYOF_INVERT)) == ANYOF_FOLD) {
-       for (Class = 0; Class < 256; ++Class) {
-           if (ANYOF_TEST(opnd, Class)) {
-               I32 cf = fold[Class];
-               ANYOF_SET(opnd, cf);
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY &&
+       (ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) &
+        /* If the only flag is folding (plus possibly inversion). */
+        (ANYOF_FLAGS_ALL ^ ANYOF_INVERT) == ANYOF_FOLD)) {
+       for (value = 0; value < 256; ++value) {
+           if (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(ret, value)) {
+               IV fold = PL_fold[value];
+
+               if (fold != value)
+                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, fold);
            }
        }
-       *opnd &= ~ANYOF_FOLD;
+       ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) &= ~ANYOF_FOLD;
     }
+
     /* optimize inverted simple patterns (e.g. [^a-z]) */
-    if (!SIZE_ONLY && (*opnd & 0xFF) == ANYOF_INVERT) {
-       for (Class = 0; Class < 32; ++Class)
-           opnd[1 + Class] ^= 0xFF;
-       *opnd = 0;
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY && !dont_optimize_invert &&
+       /* If the only flag is inversion. */
+       (ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & ANYOF_FLAGS_ALL) == ANYOF_INVERT) {
+       for (value = 0; value < ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE; ++value)
+           ANYOF_BITMAP(ret)[value] ^= ANYOF_FLAGS_ALL;
+       ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) = ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
     }
+
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+       AV *av = newAV();
+       SV *rv;
+
+       av_store(av, 0, listsv);
+       av_store(av, 1, NULL);
+       rv = newRV_noinc((SV*)av);
+       n = add_data(pRExC_state, 1, "s");
+       RExC_rx->data->data[n] = (void*)rv;
+       ARG_SET(ret, n);
+    }
+
     return ret;
 }
 
 STATIC char*
-nextchar(void)
+S_nextchar(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
 {
-    dTHR;
-    char* retval = PL_regcomp_parse++;
+    char* retval = RExC_parse++;
 
     for (;;) {
-       if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '(' && PL_regcomp_parse[1] == '?' &&
-               PL_regcomp_parse[2] == '#') {
-           while (*PL_regcomp_parse && *PL_regcomp_parse != ')')
-               PL_regcomp_parse++;
-           PL_regcomp_parse++;
+       if (*RExC_parse == '(' && RExC_parse[1] == '?' &&
+               RExC_parse[2] == '#') {
+           while (*RExC_parse && *RExC_parse != ')')
+               RExC_parse++;
+           RExC_parse++;
            continue;
        }
-       if (PL_regflags & PMf_EXTENDED) {
-           if (isSPACE(*PL_regcomp_parse)) {
-               PL_regcomp_parse++;
+       if (RExC_flags16 & PMf_EXTENDED) {
+           if (isSPACE(*RExC_parse)) {
+               RExC_parse++;
                continue;
            }
-           else if (*PL_regcomp_parse == '#') {
-               while (*PL_regcomp_parse && *PL_regcomp_parse != '\n')
-                   PL_regcomp_parse++;
-               PL_regcomp_parse++;
+           else if (*RExC_parse == '#') {
+               while (*RExC_parse && *RExC_parse != '\n')
+                   RExC_parse++;
+               RExC_parse++;
                continue;
            }
        }
@@ -2093,23 +3967,34 @@ nextchar(void)
 - reg_node - emit a node
 */
 STATIC regnode *                       /* Location. */
-reg_node(U8 op)
+S_reg_node(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U8 op)
 {
-    dTHR;
     register regnode *ret;
     register regnode *ptr;
 
-    ret = PL_regcode;
+    ret = RExC_emit;
     if (SIZE_ONLY) {
-       SIZE_ALIGN(regsize);
-       PL_regsize += 1;
+       SIZE_ALIGN(RExC_size);
+       RExC_size += 1;
        return(ret);
     }
 
     NODE_ALIGN_FILL(ret);
     ptr = ret;
     FILL_ADVANCE_NODE(ptr, op);
-    PL_regcode = ptr;
+    if (RExC_offsets) {         /* MJD */
+      MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG((stderr, "%s:%u: (op %s) %s %u <- %u (len %u) (max %u).\n", 
+              "reg_node", __LINE__, 
+              reg_name[op],
+              RExC_emit - RExC_emit_start > RExC_offsets[0] 
+              ? "Overwriting end of array!\n" : "OK",
+              RExC_emit - RExC_emit_start,
+              RExC_parse - RExC_start,
+              RExC_offsets[0])); 
+      Set_Node_Offset(RExC_emit, RExC_parse + (op == END));
+    }
+            
+    RExC_emit = ptr;
 
     return(ret);
 }
@@ -2118,36 +4003,44 @@ reg_node(U8 op)
 - reganode - emit a node with an argument
 */
 STATIC regnode *                       /* Location. */
-reganode(U8 op, U32 arg)
+S_reganode(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U8 op, U32 arg)
 {
-    dTHR;
     register regnode *ret;
     register regnode *ptr;
 
-    ret = PL_regcode;
+    ret = RExC_emit;
     if (SIZE_ONLY) {
-       SIZE_ALIGN(regsize);
-       PL_regsize += 2;
+       SIZE_ALIGN(RExC_size);
+       RExC_size += 2;
        return(ret);
     }
 
     NODE_ALIGN_FILL(ret);
     ptr = ret;
     FILL_ADVANCE_NODE_ARG(ptr, op, arg);
-    PL_regcode = ptr;
+    if (RExC_offsets) {         /* MJD */
+      MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG((stderr, "%s: %s %u <- %u (max %u).\n", 
+              "reganode",
+              RExC_emit - RExC_emit_start > RExC_offsets[0] ? 
+              "Overwriting end of array!\n" : "OK",
+              RExC_emit - RExC_emit_start,
+              RExC_parse - RExC_start,
+              RExC_offsets[0])); 
+      Set_Cur_Node_Offset;
+    }
+            
+    RExC_emit = ptr;
 
     return(ret);
 }
 
 /*
-- regc - emit (if appropriate) a byte of code
+- reguni - emit (if appropriate) a Unicode character
 */
 STATIC void
-regc(U8 b, char* s)
+S_reguni(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, UV uv, char* s, STRLEN* lenp)
 {
-    dTHR;
-    if (!SIZE_ONLY)
-       *s = b;
+    *lenp = SIZE_ONLY ? UNISKIP(uv) : (uvchr_to_utf8((U8*)s, uv) - (U8*)s);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2156,28 +4049,50 @@ regc(U8 b, char* s)
 * Means relocating the operand.
 */
 STATIC void
-reginsert(U8 op, regnode *opnd)
+S_reginsert(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U8 op, regnode *opnd)
 {
-    dTHR;
     register regnode *src;
     register regnode *dst;
     register regnode *place;
     register int offset = regarglen[(U8)op];
-    
-/* (regkind[(U8)op] == CURLY ? EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS : 0); */
+
+/* (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == CURLY ? EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS : 0); */
 
     if (SIZE_ONLY) {
-       PL_regsize += NODE_STEP_REGNODE + offset;
+       RExC_size += NODE_STEP_REGNODE + offset;
        return;
     }
 
-    src = PL_regcode;
-    PL_regcode += NODE_STEP_REGNODE + offset;
-    dst = PL_regcode;
-    while (src > opnd)
+    src = RExC_emit;
+    RExC_emit += NODE_STEP_REGNODE + offset;
+    dst = RExC_emit;
+    while (src > opnd) {
        StructCopy(--src, --dst, regnode);
+        if (RExC_offsets) {     /* MJD 20010112 */
+          MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG((stderr, "%s: %s copy %u -> %u (max %u).\n", 
+                  "reg_insert",
+                  dst - RExC_emit_start > RExC_offsets[0] 
+                  ? "Overwriting end of array!\n" : "OK",
+                  src - RExC_emit_start,
+                  dst - RExC_emit_start,
+                  RExC_offsets[0])); 
+          Set_Node_Offset_To_R(dst-RExC_emit_start, Node_Offset(src));
+          Set_Node_Length_To_R(dst-RExC_emit_start, Node_Length(src));
+        }
+    }
+    
 
     place = opnd;              /* Op node, where operand used to be. */
+    if (RExC_offsets) {         /* MJD */
+      MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG((stderr, "%s: %s %u <- %u (max %u).\n", 
+              "reginsert",
+              place - RExC_emit_start > RExC_offsets[0] 
+              ? "Overwriting end of array!\n" : "OK",
+              place - RExC_emit_start,
+              RExC_parse - RExC_start,
+              RExC_offsets[0])); 
+      Set_Node_Offset(place, RExC_parse);
+    }
     src = NEXTOPER(place);
     FILL_ADVANCE_NODE(place, op);
     Zero(src, offset, regnode);
@@ -2187,12 +4102,10 @@ reginsert(U8 op, regnode *opnd)
 - regtail - set the next-pointer at the end of a node chain of p to val.
 */
 STATIC void
-regtail(regnode *p, regnode *val)
+S_regtail(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *p, regnode *val)
 {
-    dTHR;
     register regnode *scan;
     register regnode *temp;
-    register I32 offset;
 
     if (SIZE_ONLY)
        return;
@@ -2208,7 +4121,8 @@ regtail(regnode *p, regnode *val)
 
     if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)]) {
        ARG_SET(scan, val - scan);
-    } else {
+    }
+    else {
        NEXT_OFF(scan) = val - scan;
     }
 }
@@ -2217,17 +4131,18 @@ regtail(regnode *p, regnode *val)
 - regoptail - regtail on operand of first argument; nop if operandless
 */
 STATIC void
-regoptail(regnode *p, regnode *val)
+S_regoptail(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *p, regnode *val)
 {
-    dTHR;
     /* "Operandless" and "op != BRANCH" are synonymous in practice. */
     if (p == NULL || SIZE_ONLY)
        return;
-    if (regkind[(U8)OP(p)] == BRANCH) {
-       regtail(NEXTOPER(p), val);
-    } else if ( regkind[(U8)OP(p)] == BRANCHJ) {
-       regtail(NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(p)), val);
-    } else
+    if (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(p)] == BRANCH) {
+       regtail(pRExC_state, NEXTOPER(p), val);
+    }
+    else if ( PL_regkind[(U8)OP(p)] == BRANCHJ) {
+       regtail(pRExC_state, NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(p)), val);
+    }
+    else
        return;
 }
 
@@ -2235,7 +4150,7 @@ regoptail(regnode *p, regnode *val)
  - regcurly - a little FSA that accepts {\d+,?\d*}
  */
 STATIC I32
-regcurly(register char *s)
+S_regcurly(pTHX_ register char *s)
 {
     if (*s++ != '{')
        return FALSE;
@@ -2254,11 +4169,11 @@ regcurly(register char *s)
 
 
 STATIC regnode *
-dumpuntil(regnode *start, regnode *node, regnode *last, SV* sv, I32 l)
+S_dumpuntil(pTHX_ regnode *start, regnode *node, regnode *last, SV* sv, I32 l)
 {
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
-    register char op = EXACT;  /* Arbitrary non-END op. */
-    register regnode *next, *onode;
+    register U8 op = EXACT;    /* Arbitrary non-END op. */
+    register regnode *next;
 
     while (op != END && (!last || node < last)) {
        /* While that wasn't END last time... */
@@ -2272,39 +4187,45 @@ dumpuntil(regnode *start, regnode *node, regnode *last, SV* sv, I32 l)
        if (OP(node) == OPTIMIZED)
            goto after_print;
        regprop(sv, node);
-       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%4d:%*s%s", node - start, 
-                     2*l + 1, "", SvPVX(sv));
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%4"IVdf":%*s%s", (IV)(node - start),
+                     (int)(2*l + 1), "", SvPVX(sv));
        if (next == NULL)               /* Next ptr. */
            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "(0)");
-       else 
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "(%d)", next - start);
+       else
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "(%"IVdf")", (IV)(next - start));
        (void)PerlIO_putc(Perl_debug_log, '\n');
       after_print:
-       if (regkind[(U8)op] == BRANCHJ) {
-           register regnode *nnode = (OP(next) == LONGJMP 
-                                      ? regnext(next) 
+       if (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == BRANCHJ) {
+           register regnode *nnode = (OP(next) == LONGJMP
+                                      ? regnext(next)
                                       : next);
            if (last && nnode > last)
                nnode = last;
            node = dumpuntil(start, NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(node)), nnode, sv, l + 1);
-       } else if (regkind[(U8)op] == BRANCH) {
+       }
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == BRANCH) {
            node = dumpuntil(start, NEXTOPER(node), next, sv, l + 1);
-       } else if ( op == CURLY) {   /* `next' might be very big: optimizer */
+       }
+       else if ( op == CURLY) {   /* `next' might be very big: optimizer */
            node = dumpuntil(start, NEXTOPER(node) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS,
                             NEXTOPER(node) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS + 1, sv, l + 1);
-       } else if (regkind[(U8)op] == CURLY && op != CURLYX) {
+       }
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == CURLY && op != CURLYX) {
            node = dumpuntil(start, NEXTOPER(node) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS,
                             next, sv, l + 1);
-       } else if ( op == PLUS || op == STAR) {
+       }
+       else if ( op == PLUS || op == STAR) {
            node = dumpuntil(start, NEXTOPER(node), NEXTOPER(node) + 1, sv, l + 1);
-       } else if (op == ANYOF) {
-           node = NEXTOPER(node);
-           node += ANY_SKIP;
-       } else if (regkind[(U8)op] == EXACT) {
+       }
+       else if (op == ANYOF) {
+            node = next;
+       }
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == EXACT) {
             /* Literal string, where present. */
-           node += ((*OPERAND(node)) + 2 + sizeof(regnode) - 1) / sizeof(regnode);
+           node += NODE_SZ_STR(node) - 1;
            node = NEXTOPER(node);
-       } else {
+       }
+       else {
            node = NEXTOPER(node);
            node += regarglen[(U8)op];
        }
@@ -2321,32 +4242,35 @@ dumpuntil(regnode *start, regnode *node, regnode *last, SV* sv, I32 l)
  - regdump - dump a regexp onto Perl_debug_log in vaguely comprehensible form
  */
 void
-regdump(regexp *r)
+Perl_regdump(pTHX_ regexp *r)
 {
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
-    dTHR;
     SV *sv = sv_newmortal();
 
     (void)dumpuntil(r->program, r->program + 1, NULL, sv, 0);
 
     /* Header fields of interest. */
     if (r->anchored_substr)
-       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "anchored `%s%s%s'%s at %d ", 
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                     "anchored `%s%.*s%s'%s at %"IVdf" ",
                      PL_colors[0],
-                     SvPVX(r->anchored_substr), 
+                     (int)(SvCUR(r->anchored_substr) - (SvTAIL(r->anchored_substr)!=0)),
+                     SvPVX(r->anchored_substr),
                      PL_colors[1],
                      SvTAIL(r->anchored_substr) ? "$" : "",
-                     r->anchored_offset);
+                     (IV)r->anchored_offset);
     if (r->float_substr)
-       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "floating `%s%s%s'%s at %d..%u ", 
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                     "floating `%s%.*s%s'%s at %"IVdf"..%"UVuf" ",
                      PL_colors[0],
-                     SvPVX(r->float_substr), 
+                     (int)(SvCUR(r->float_substr) - (SvTAIL(r->float_substr)!=0)),
+                     SvPVX(r->float_substr),
                      PL_colors[1],
                      SvTAIL(r->float_substr) ? "$" : "",
-                     r->float_min_offset, r->float_max_offset);
+                     (IV)r->float_min_offset, (UV)r->float_max_offset);
     if (r->check_substr)
-       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, 
-                     r->check_substr == r->float_substr 
+       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                     r->check_substr == r->float_substr
                      ? "(checking floating" : "(checking anchored");
     if (r->reganch & ROPT_NOSCAN)
        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " noscan");
@@ -2365,6 +4289,8 @@ regdump(regexp *r)
            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "(BOL)");
        if (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_MBOL)
            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "(MBOL)");
+       if (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_SBOL)
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "(SBOL)");
        if (r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_GPOS)
            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "(GPOS)");
        PerlIO_putc(Perl_debug_log, ' ');
@@ -2379,214 +4305,241 @@ regdump(regexp *r)
     if (r->reganch & ROPT_EVAL_SEEN)
        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "with eval ");
     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n");
+    if (r->offsets) {
+      U32 i;
+      U32 len = r->offsets[0];
+      PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Offsets: [%u]\n\t", r->offsets[0]);
+      for (i = 1; i <= len; i++)
+        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%u[%u] ", 
+                      r->offsets[i*2-1], 
+                      r->offsets[i*2]);
+      PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n");
+    }
 #endif /* DEBUGGING */
 }
 
+STATIC void
+S_put_byte(pTHX_ SV *sv, int c)
+{
+    if (isCNTRL(c) || c == 127 || c == 255 || !isPRINT(c))
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "\\%o", c);
+    else if (c == '-' || c == ']' || c == '\\' || c == '^')
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "\\%c", c);
+    else
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%c", c);
+}
+
 /*
 - regprop - printable representation of opcode
 */
 void
-regprop(SV *sv, regnode *o)
+Perl_regprop(pTHX_ SV *sv, regnode *o)
 {
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
-    dTHR;
-    register char *p = 0;
+    register int k;
 
     sv_setpvn(sv, "", 0);
-    switch (OP(o)) {
-    case BOL:
-       p = "BOL";
-       break;
-    case MBOL:
-       p = "MBOL";
-       break;
-    case SBOL:
-       p = "SBOL";
-       break;
-    case EOL:
-       p = "EOL";
-       break;
-    case EOS:
-       p = "EOS";
-       break;
-    case MEOL:
-       p = "MEOL";
-       break;
-    case SEOL:
-       p = "SEOL";
-       break;
-    case ANY:
-       p = "ANY";
-       break;
-    case SANY:
-       p = "SANY";
-       break;
-    case ANYOF:
-       p = "ANYOF";
-       break;
-    case BRANCH:
-       p = "BRANCH";
-       break;
-    case EXACT:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "EXACT <%s%s%s>", PL_colors[0], OPERAND(o) + 1, PL_colors[1]);
-       break;
-    case EXACTF:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "EXACTF <%s%s%s>", PL_colors[0], OPERAND(o) + 1, PL_colors[1]);
-       break;
-    case EXACTFL:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "EXACTFL <%s%s%s>", PL_colors[0], OPERAND(o) + 1, PL_colors[1]);
-       break;
-    case NOTHING:
-       p = "NOTHING";
-       break;
-    case TAIL:
-       p = "TAIL";
-       break;
-    case BACK:
-       p = "BACK";
-       break;
-    case END:
-       p = "END";
-       break;
-    case BOUND:
-       p = "BOUND";
-       break;
-    case BOUNDL:
-       p = "BOUNDL";
-       break;
-    case NBOUND:
-       p = "NBOUND";
-       break;
-    case NBOUNDL:
-       p = "NBOUNDL";
-       break;
-    case CURLY:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "CURLY {%d,%d}", ARG1(o), ARG2(o));
-       break;
-    case CURLYM:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "CURLYM[%d] {%d,%d}", o->flags, ARG1(o), ARG2(o));
-       break;
-    case CURLYN:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "CURLYN[%d] {%d,%d}", o->flags, ARG1(o), ARG2(o));
-       break;
-    case CURLYX:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "CURLYX {%d,%d}", ARG1(o), ARG2(o));
-       break;
-    case REF:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "REF%d", ARG(o));
-       break;
-    case REFF:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "REFF%d", ARG(o));
-       break;
-    case REFFL:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "REFFL%d", ARG(o));
-       break;
-    case OPEN:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "OPEN%d", ARG(o));
-       break;
-    case CLOSE:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "CLOSE%d", ARG(o));
-       p = NULL;
-       break;
-    case STAR:
-       p = "STAR";
-       break;
-    case PLUS:
-       p = "PLUS";
-       break;
-    case MINMOD:
-       p = "MINMOD";
-       break;
-    case GPOS:
-       p = "GPOS";
-       break;
-    case UNLESSM:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "UNLESSM[-%d]", o->flags);
-       break;
-    case IFMATCH:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "IFMATCH[-%d]", o->flags);
-       break;
-    case SUCCEED:
-       p = "SUCCEED";
-       break;
-    case WHILEM:
-       p = "WHILEM";
-       break;
-    case DIGIT:
-       p = "DIGIT";
-       break;
-    case NDIGIT:
-       p = "NDIGIT";
-       break;
-    case ALNUM:
-       p = "ALNUM";
-       break;
-    case NALNUM:
-       p = "NALNUM";
-       break;
-    case SPACE:
-       p = "SPACE";
-       break;
-    case NSPACE:
-       p = "NSPACE";
-       break;
-    case ALNUML:
-       p = "ALNUML";
-       break;
-    case NALNUML:
-       p = "NALNUML";
-       break;
-    case SPACEL:
-       p = "SPACEL";
-       break;
-    case NSPACEL:
-       p = "NSPACEL";
-       break;
-    case EVAL:
-       p = "EVAL";
-       break;
-    case LONGJMP:
-       p = "LONGJMP";
-       break;
-    case BRANCHJ:
-       p = "BRANCHJ";
-       break;
-    case IFTHEN:
-       p = "IFTHEN";
-       break;
-    case GROUPP:
-       sv_catpvf(sv, "GROUPP%d", ARG(o));
-       break;
-    case LOGICAL:
-       p = "LOGICAL";
-       break;
-    case SUSPEND:
-       p = "SUSPEND";
-       break;
-    case RENUM:
-       p = "RENUM";
-       break;
-    case OPTIMIZED:
-       p = "OPTIMIZED";
-       break;
-    default:
-       FAIL("corrupted regexp opcode");
+    if (OP(o) >= reg_num)              /* regnode.type is unsigned */
+       /* It would be nice to FAIL() here, but this may be called from
+          regexec.c, and it would be hard to supply pRExC_state. */
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Corrupted regexp opcode");
+    sv_catpv(sv, (char*)reg_name[OP(o)]); /* Take off const! */
+
+    k = PL_regkind[(U8)OP(o)];
+
+    if (k == EXACT)
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " <%s%.*s%s>", PL_colors[0],
+                      STR_LEN(o), STRING(o), PL_colors[1]);
+    else if (k == CURLY) {
+       if (OP(o) == CURLYM || OP(o) == CURLYN || OP(o) == CURLYX)
+           Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d]", o->flags); /* Parenth number */
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " {%d,%d}", ARG1(o), ARG2(o));
+    }
+    else if (k == WHILEM && o->flags)                  /* Ordinal/of */
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d/%d]", o->flags & 0xf, o->flags>>4);
+    else if (k == REF || k == OPEN || k == CLOSE || k == GROUPP )
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%d", (int)ARG(o));    /* Parenth number */
+    else if (k == LOGICAL)
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d]", o->flags);     /* 2: embedded, otherwise 1 */
+    else if (k == ANYOF) {
+       int i, rangestart = -1;
+       U8 flags = ANYOF_FLAGS(o);
+       const char * const anyofs[] = { /* Should be syncronized with
+                                        * ANYOF_ #xdefines in regcomp.h */
+           "\\w",
+           "\\W",
+           "\\s",
+           "\\S",
+           "\\d",
+           "\\D",
+           "[:alnum:]",
+           "[:^alnum:]",
+           "[:alpha:]",
+           "[:^alpha:]",
+           "[:ascii:]",
+           "[:^ascii:]",
+           "[:ctrl:]",
+           "[:^ctrl:]",
+           "[:graph:]",
+           "[:^graph:]",
+           "[:lower:]",
+           "[:^lower:]",
+           "[:print:]",
+           "[:^print:]",
+           "[:punct:]",
+           "[:^punct:]",
+           "[:upper:]",
+           "[:^upper:]",
+           "[:xdigit:]",
+           "[:^xdigit:]",
+           "[:space:]",
+           "[:^space:]",
+           "[:blank:]",
+           "[:^blank:]"
+       };
+
+       if (flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+           sv_catpv(sv, "{loc}");
+       if (flags & ANYOF_FOLD)
+           sv_catpv(sv, "{i}");
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%s", PL_colors[0]);
+       if (flags & ANYOF_INVERT)
+           sv_catpv(sv, "^");
+       for (i = 0; i <= 256; i++) {
+           if (i < 256 && ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(o,i)) {
+               if (rangestart == -1)
+                   rangestart = i;
+           } else if (rangestart != -1) {
+               if (i <= rangestart + 3)
+                   for (; rangestart < i; rangestart++)
+                       put_byte(sv, rangestart);
+               else {
+                   put_byte(sv, rangestart);
+                   sv_catpv(sv, "-");
+                   put_byte(sv, i - 1);
+               }
+               rangestart = -1;
+           }
+       }
+
+       if (o->flags & ANYOF_CLASS)
+           for (i = 0; i < sizeof(anyofs)/sizeof(char*); i++)
+               if (ANYOF_CLASS_TEST(o,i))
+                   sv_catpv(sv, anyofs[i]);
+
+       if (flags & ANYOF_UNICODE)
+           sv_catpv(sv, "{unicode}");
+       else if (flags & ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL)
+           sv_catpv(sv, "{all-unicode}");
+
+       {
+           SV *lv;
+           SV *sw = regclass_swash(o, FALSE, &lv);
+       
+           if (lv) {
+               if (sw) {
+                   UV i;
+                   U8 s[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
+               
+                   for (i = 0; i <= 256; i++) { /* just the first 256 */
+                       U8 *e = uvchr_to_utf8(s, i);
+                       
+                       if (i < 256 && swash_fetch(sw, s)) {
+                           if (rangestart == -1)
+                               rangestart = i;
+                       } else if (rangestart != -1) {
+                           U8 *p;
+                       
+                           if (i <= rangestart + 3)
+                               for (; rangestart < i; rangestart++) {
+                                   for(e = uvchr_to_utf8(s, rangestart), p = s; p < e; p++)
+                                       put_byte(sv, *p);
+                               }
+                           else {
+                               for (e = uvchr_to_utf8(s, rangestart), p = s; p < e; p++)
+                                   put_byte(sv, *p);
+                               sv_catpv(sv, "-");
+                                   for (e = uvchr_to_utf8(s, i - 1), p = s; p < e; p++)
+                                       put_byte(sv, *p);
+                               }
+                               rangestart = -1;
+                           }
+                       }
+                       
+                   sv_catpv(sv, "..."); /* et cetera */
+               }
+
+               {
+                   char *s = savepv(SvPVX(lv));
+                   char *origs = s;
+               
+                   while(*s && *s != '\n') s++;
+               
+                   if (*s == '\n') {
+                       char *t = ++s;
+                       
+                       while (*s) {
+                           if (*s == '\n')
+                               *s = ' ';
+                           s++;
+                       }
+                       if (s[-1] == ' ')
+                           s[-1] = 0;
+                       
+                       sv_catpv(sv, t);
+                   }
+               
+                   Safefree(origs);
+               }
+           }
+       }
+
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%s]", PL_colors[1]);
     }
-    if (p)
-       sv_catpv(sv, p);
+    else if (k == BRANCHJ && (OP(o) == UNLESSM || OP(o) == IFMATCH))
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[-%d]", o->flags);
 #endif /* DEBUGGING */
 }
 
+SV *
+Perl_re_intuit_string(pTHX_ regexp *prog)
+{                              /* Assume that RE_INTUIT is set */
+    DEBUG_r(
+       {   STRLEN n_a;
+           char *s = SvPV(prog->check_substr,n_a);
+
+           if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors();
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                     "%sUsing REx substr:%s `%s%.60s%s%s'\n",
+                     PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
+                     s,
+                     PL_colors[1],
+                     (strlen(s) > 60 ? "..." : ""));
+       } );
+
+    return prog->check_substr;
+}
+
 void
-pregfree(struct regexp *r)
+Perl_pregfree(pTHX_ struct regexp *r)
 {
-    dTHR;
+    DEBUG_r(if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors());
+
     if (!r || (--r->refcnt > 0))
        return;
+    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                     "%sFreeing REx:%s `%s%.60s%s%s'\n",
+                     PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
+                     r->precomp,
+                     PL_colors[1],
+                     (strlen(r->precomp) > 60 ? "..." : "")));
+
     if (r->precomp)
        Safefree(r->precomp);
-    if (r->subbase)
-       Safefree(r->subbase);
+    if (r->offsets)             /* 20010421 MJD */
+       Safefree(r->offsets);
+    if (RX_MATCH_COPIED(r))
+       Safefree(r->subbeg);
     if (r->substrs) {
        if (r->anchored_substr)
            SvREFCNT_dec(r->anchored_substr);
@@ -2596,18 +4549,43 @@ pregfree(struct regexp *r)
     }
     if (r->data) {
        int n = r->data->count;
+       AV* new_comppad = NULL;
+       AV* old_comppad;
+       SV** old_curpad;
+
        while (--n >= 0) {
            switch (r->data->what[n]) {
            case 's':
                SvREFCNT_dec((SV*)r->data->data[n]);
                break;
+           case 'f':
+               Safefree(r->data->data[n]);
+               break;
+           case 'p':
+               new_comppad = (AV*)r->data->data[n];
+               break;
            case 'o':
+               if (new_comppad == NULL)
+                   Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: pregfree comppad");
+               old_comppad = PL_comppad;
+               old_curpad = PL_curpad;
+               /* Watch out for global destruction's random ordering. */
+               if (SvTYPE(new_comppad) == SVt_PVAV) {
+                   PL_comppad = new_comppad;
+                   PL_curpad = AvARRAY(new_comppad);
+               }
+               else
+                   PL_curpad = NULL;
                op_free((OP_4tree*)r->data->data[n]);
+               PL_comppad = old_comppad;
+               PL_curpad = old_curpad;
+               SvREFCNT_dec((SV*)new_comppad);
+               new_comppad = NULL;
                break;
            case 'n':
                break;
            default:
-               FAIL2("panic: regfree data code '%c'", r->data->what[n]);
+               Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: regfree data code '%c'", r->data->what[n]);
            }
        }
        Safefree(r->data->what);
@@ -2625,9 +4603,8 @@ pregfree(struct regexp *r)
  * that bypass this code for speed.]
  */
 regnode *
-regnext(register regnode *p)
+Perl_regnext(pTHX_ register regnode *p)
 {
-    dTHR;
     register I32 offset;
 
     if (p == &PL_regdummy)
@@ -2641,12 +4618,13 @@ regnext(register regnode *p)
 }
 
 STATIC void    
-re_croak2(const char* pat1,const char* pat2,...)
+S_re_croak2(pTHX_ const char* pat1,const char* pat2,...)
 {
     va_list args;
     STRLEN l1 = strlen(pat1);
     STRLEN l2 = strlen(pat2);
     char buf[512];
+    SV *msv;
     char *message;
 
     if (l1 > 510)
@@ -2657,13 +4635,85 @@ re_croak2(const char* pat1,const char* pat2,...)
     Copy(pat2, buf + l1, l2 , char);
     buf[l1 + l2] = '\n';
     buf[l1 + l2 + 1] = '\0';
+#ifdef I_STDARG
+    /* ANSI variant takes additional second argument */
     va_start(args, pat2);
-    message = mess(buf, &args);
+#else
+    va_start(args);
+#endif
+    msv = vmess(buf, &args);
     va_end(args);
-    l1 = strlen(message);
+    message = SvPV(msv,l1);
     if (l1 > 512)
        l1 = 512;
     Copy(message, buf, l1 , char);
     buf[l1] = '\0';                    /* Overwrite \n */
-    croak("%s", buf);
+    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s", buf);
 }
+
+/* XXX Here's a total kludge.  But we need to re-enter for swash routines. */
+
+void
+Perl_save_re_context(pTHX)
+{
+#if 0
+    SAVEPPTR(RExC_precomp);            /* uncompiled string. */
+    SAVEI32(RExC_npar);                /* () count. */
+    SAVEI32(RExC_size);                /* Code size. */
+    SAVEI16(RExC_flags16);             /* are we folding, multilining? */
+    SAVEVPTR(RExC_rx);         /* from regcomp.c */
+    SAVEI32(RExC_seen);                /* from regcomp.c */
+    SAVEI32(RExC_sawback);             /* Did we see \1, ...? */
+    SAVEI32(RExC_naughty);             /* How bad is this pattern? */
+    SAVEVPTR(RExC_emit);               /* Code-emit pointer; &regdummy = don't */
+    SAVEPPTR(RExC_end);                /* End of input for compile */
+    SAVEPPTR(RExC_parse);              /* Input-scan pointer. */
+#endif
+
+    SAVEI32(PL_reg_flags);             /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_bostr);
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_reginput);             /* String-input pointer. */
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_regbol);               /* Beginning of input, for ^ check. */
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_regeol);               /* End of input, for $ check. */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_regstartp);            /* Pointer to startp array. */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_regendp);              /* Ditto for endp. */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_reglastparen);         /* Similarly for lastparen. */
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_regtill);              /* How far we are required to go. */
+    SAVEI8(PL_regprev);                        /* char before regbol, \n if none */
+    SAVEGENERICPV(PL_reg_start_tmp);           /* from regexec.c */
+    PL_reg_start_tmp = 0;
+    SAVEI32(PL_reg_start_tmpl);                /* from regexec.c */
+    PL_reg_start_tmpl = 0;
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_regdata);
+    SAVEI32(PL_reg_eval_set);          /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEI32(PL_regnarrate);            /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_regprogram);           /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEINT(PL_regindent);             /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_regcc);                        /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_call_cc);          /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_re);               /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_reg_ganch);            /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVESPTR(PL_reg_sv);               /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_magic);            /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEI32(PL_reg_oldpos);                    /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_oldcurpm);         /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_curpm);            /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEI32(PL_regnpar);               /* () count. */
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    SAVEPPTR(PL_reg_starttry);         /* from regexec.c */
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef PERL_OBJECT
+#include "XSUB.h"
+#undef this
+#define this pPerl
+#endif
+
+static void
+clear_re(pTHXo_ void *r)
+{
+    ReREFCNT_dec((regexp *)r);
+}
+