=item NOTES
-=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/03/17
-22:17:56 $)
+=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/03/25
+18:20:48 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item Non-commercial Reproduction
+=item Noncommercial Reproduction
=item Commercial Reproduction
=item Changes
-17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
+25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
-=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.10 $)
+=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date:
+1997/03/19 17:23:09 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $)
+=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.15 $,
+$Date: 1997/03/25 18:15:48 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
=item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
+=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
+
=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
don't work.
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.19 $)
+=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1997/03/19
+17:23:43 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
-=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte-code or C?
+=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
-=item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MSDOS,NT,...]?
+=item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,Windows NT,...]?
=item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
-=item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
+=item Why don't perl one-liners work on my MS-DOS/Macintosh/VMS system?
=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.15 $)
+=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/03/25
+18:16:24 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
it?
-=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash
+=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash
or array of hashes or arrays?
=item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.19 $)
+=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1997/03/19
+17:24:51 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
=item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
-=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number
+=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number
in the file. How can I do this?
=item How do I randomly update a binary file?
=item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
-=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
+=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in MS-DOS paths? What doesn't
`C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.14 $)
+=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/03/25 18:16:56 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
=over
=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
-and unmaintainable code?
+and unmaintainable code?
Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
Delimiters
=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
-=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
+=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
=item What is C</o> really for?
=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
-=item How can I match strings with multi-byte characters?
+=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
=back
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $)
+=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date:
+1997/03/19 17:25:23 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
=item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
-=item How do I redefine a built-in function, operator, or method?
+=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.15 $)
+=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/03/25
+18:17:12 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
+=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
+
=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
=item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
-^Z on MSDOS)?
+^Z on MS-DOS)?
=item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.13 $)
+=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 1997/03/25 18:17:20
+$)
=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item Compilation Option: Binary Compatibility With 5.003
+=item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
+
+=item $PERL5OPT environment variable
+
+=item Limitations on B<-M>, and C<-m>, and B<-T> options
+
+=item More precise warnings
+
+=item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
+
+=item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
+
+=item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
-=item No Autovivification of Subroutine Parameters
+=item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
-=item Fixed Parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
+=item No resetting of $. on implicit close
-=item No Resetting of $. on Implicit Close
+=item C<wantarray> may return undef
-=item Changes to Tainting Checks
+=item Changes to tainting checks
-=item New Opcode Module and Revised Safe Module
+=item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
-=item Embedding Improvements
+=item Embedding improvements
-=item Internal Change: FileHandle Class Based on IO::* Classes
+=item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
-=item Internal Change: PerlIO internal IO abstraction interface
+=item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
-=item New and Changed Built-in Variables
+=item New and changed builtin variables
$^E, $^H, $^M
-=item New and Changed Built-in Functions
+=item New and changed builtin functions
delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
-Control Structures, unpack() and pack(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION
-LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//g> does not trigger a
-pos() reset on failure, nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work
+Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek() and systell(), use
+VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as
+Default, C<m//g> does not reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores
+whitespace before ?*+{}, nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work
right on changing lexicals
-=item New Built-in Methods
+=item New builtin methods
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
-=item TIEHANDLE Now Supported
+=item TIEHANDLE now supported
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this,
GETC this, DESTROY this
-=item Malloc Enhancements
+=item Malloc enhancements
-DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DEMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
-=item Miscellaneous Efficiency Enhancements
+=item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
=back
=item Pragmata
-use blib, use blib 'dir', use locale, use ops, use vmsish
+use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
+constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
=item Modules
=over
-=item Installation Directories
+=item Required Updates
-=item Fcntl
+=item Installation directories
+
+=item Module information summary
-=item Module Information Summary
+=item Fcntl
=item IO
=item Math::Complex
+=item Math::Trig
+
=item DB_File
=item Net::Ping
-=item Overridden Built-ins
+=item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
=back
=item C Language API Changes
-C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, Extended API for manipulating hashes
+C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
+manipulating hashes
=item Documentation Changes
"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
-large, Attempt to free non-existent shared string, Attempt to use reference
-as lvalue in substr, Unsupported function fork, Ill-formed logical name
-|%s| in prime_env_iter, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict
-refs" in use, Constant subroutine %s redefined, Died, Integer overflow in
-hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, Name "%s::%s" used only once:
-possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Stub found
-while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Cannot
-resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `s', Out of memory!, Out of
-memory during request for %s, Possible attempt to put comments in qw()
-list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s}
-better written as $%s{%s}, untie attempted while %d inner references still
-exist, Value of %s construct can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s"
-may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning:
-something's wrong, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX,
+large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
+nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
+Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot
+resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine
+%s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return
+a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Illegal character %s
+(carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex
+number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Name
+"%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset
+outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s,
+Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate
+words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub
+found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too
+late for "B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still
+exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of
+"$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0";
+test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will
+not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s|
+in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX,
PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
=item BUGS
=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
-OS/2, DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
+OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
=item Switches
=item ENVIRONMENT
-HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
-PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
+HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
+PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
-reset EXPR, reset, return LIST, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
-STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
-EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
+reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
+rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
+scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
-FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, system
-LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
+FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
+FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, systell FILEHANDLE, systell, system LIST,
+syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
=item Standard Modules
AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
-CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Template, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
+CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
=over
-=item Class::Template
+=item Class::Struct
=item Data Members as Variables
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
-=item Destructors
+=item Destructors
=item WARNING
=item Debugger input/output
-Prompt, Multi-line commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
+Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
=item Debugging compile-time statements
=item PREAMBLE
-B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a UNIX program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
+B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
=item ROADMAP
=item What is an "IV"?
-=item Working with SV's
+=item Working with SVs
=item What's Really Stored in an SV?
-=item Working with AV's
+=item Working with AVs
-=item Working with HV's
+=item Working with HVs
=item Hash API Extensions
=item Stashes and Globs
-=item Double-Typed SV's
+=item Double-Typed SVs
=item Magic Variables
av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
-G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv,
-GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force,
-HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear, hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent,
-hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit,
-hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv
-Returns the key as an C<SV*> from the current position of the hash
-iterator. The return value will always be a mortal copy of the
-key. Also see C<hv_iterinit>, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval,
-hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
-isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear,
-mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na,
-New, Newc, Newz, newAV, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv,
-newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv, newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch,
-Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv,
-perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv, perl_construct,
-perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv,
-perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse, perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi,
-POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK,
-Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc, saferealloc, savepv, savepvn,
-SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
-strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvn, sv_catsv,
-sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_dec, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW,
-sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only,
-SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN, sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic,
-sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK, SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp,
-SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only, SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX,
-SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only, SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX,
-SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV,
-sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
-sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, SvSTASH, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV,
-SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE,
-sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref, sv_usepvn, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER,
-warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY,
-XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
-XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES,
-XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
+GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
+gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
+HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
+hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
+hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
+hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
+hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
+isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
+mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
+newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
+newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
+ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
+perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv,
+perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
+perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
+PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
+saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
+strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
+sv_catpvn, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_dec,
+SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
+SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
+sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
+SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
+SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
+SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
+SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
+sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, SvSTASH,
+SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE,
+SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref, sv_usepvn,
+sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XS,
+XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
+XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO,
+XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
=item EDITOR
=over
+=item G_VOID
+
=item G_SCALAR
=item G_ARRAY
=item G_NOARGS
-=item G_EVAL
+=item G_EVAL
=item G_KEEPERR
-=item Determining the Context
+=item Determining the Context
=back
=item Using perl_call_method
-=item Using GIMME
+=item Using GIMME_V
=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
=item Alternate Stack Manipulation
+=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
+
=back
=item SEE ALSO
=item AUTHOR
+=head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item NOTES
+
+=item TECHNICAL NOTE
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item COPYRIGHT
+
=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
diagnostics
=item SEE ALSO
-=head2 AutoLoader - load functions only on demand
+=head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
=item SYNOPSIS
=over
-=item __END__
+=item Subroutine Stubs
+
+=item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
-=item Loading Stubs
+=item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
=item Package Lexicals
-=item AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader
+=item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
=back
-=item CAVEAT
+=item CAVEATS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
=item Standard Exports
-timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis, timethese, timediff, timestr
+timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
+timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
+TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
=item Optional Exports
+clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
+
=back
=item NOTES
=item AUTHOR
+=head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item ABSTRACT
+
+=item INSTALLATION:
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
+
+=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
+
+=item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
+
+=item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
+
+=item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
+
+=item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
+
+=item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
+
+=item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
+
+=item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
+
+=item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
+
+=item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
+
+=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
+
+=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
+
+=item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
+
+=item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
+
+=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
+
+=item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
+
+B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
+
+=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
+
+=back
+
+=item CREATING FORMS:
+
+=over
+
+=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
+
+=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
+
+B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
+
+=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
+
+B<Parameters>
+
+=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
+
+=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
+
+=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
+
+B<Parameters>
+
+=item CREATING A POPUP MENU
+
+=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
+
+B<Parameters:>
+
+=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
+
+B<Parameters:>
+
+=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
+
+B<Parameters:>
+
+=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
+
+B<Parameters:>
+
+=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
+
+B<Parameters:>
+
+=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
+
+=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
+
+=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
+
+B<Parameters:>
+
+=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
+
+B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
+and may be
+TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
+
+=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
+
+=back
+
+=item NETSCAPE COOKIES
+
+1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
+B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
+
+=item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
+
+1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
+document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
+the <FORM> tag
+
+=item DEBUGGING
+
+=over
+
+=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
+
+=back
+
+=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
+B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
+name as a partial URL, for self-refering
+scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
+()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
+B<request_method()>
+
+=item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS:
+
+=over
+
+=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
+
+=item Generating new HTML tags
+
+=back
+
+=item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
+
+B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
+B<standard>, B<all>
+
+=item USING NPH SCRIPTS
+
+In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
+imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
+B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
+
+=item AUTHOR INFORMATION
+
+=item CREDITS
+
+Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
+(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
+(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
+(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
+Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
+Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
+Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
+(k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
+Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
+(joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
+(david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
+
+=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item NOTE 1
+
+=item NOTE 2
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
+other) error log
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
+
+=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
+
+=item CHANGE LOG
+
+=item AUTHORS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
+
+=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
+
+=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
+
+=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
+
+=item CAVEATS
+
+=item AUTHOR INFORMATION
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item USING CGI::Push
+
+-last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
+
+=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
+
+=item CAVEATS
+
+=item AUTHOR INFORMATION
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
+object available
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
=item SYNOPSIS
=item recompile
+=item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
+
=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
+expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
+
=item Cache Manager
=item Bundles
=item DESCRIPTION
-=head2 Class::Template - struct/member template builder
+=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
=item SYNOPSIS
=item DESCRIPTION
+=over
+
+=item The C<struct()> function
+
+=item Element Types and Accessor Methods
+
+Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
+C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
+
+=back
+
=item EXAMPLES
Example 1, Example 2
-=item NOTES
+=item Author and Modification History
=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
=head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
Makefiles etc.
-=item SYNOPSYS
+=item SYNOPSIS
=item DESCRIPTION
=item METHODS
-$fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF,
-LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint
+$fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
+$fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
+$fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
=item NOTE
=item METHODS
-$fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF,
-LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint
+$fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
+$fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
+$fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
=item NOTE
=item USAGE
+=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item AUTHORS
+
+=head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
+
+=over
+
+=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
+
+=item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
+
+=back
+
+=item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
+
=item BUGS
=item AUTHORS
=item CREATION
+=head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item ARGUMENTS
+
+help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
+nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
+
+=item EXAMPLE
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item COPYRIGHT
+
=head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
=item SYNOPSIS
=item DESCRIPTION
-E<lt>tabE<gt>Attempts word completion.
-Cannot be changed, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
+E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
=item DIAGNOSTICS
=item DESCRIPTION
-isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( REF, TYPE )
+isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
+can ( VAL, METHOD )
=head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
functions
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff