I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about
object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about linking C with
Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't
-embed perl inmy C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my
-script, I got this message. What does itmean?, What's MakeMaker?,
+embed perl in my C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my
+script, I got this message. What does it mean?, What's MakeMaker?,
L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals (eg,
19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?,
Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a round()
of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?, How can I
count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do I
capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split a [character]
-delimited string except when inside[character]? (Comma-separated files),
+delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files),
How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?, How do I
pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract
selected columns from a string?, How do I find the soundex value of a
string?, How can I expand variables in text strings?, What's wrong with
-always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?, What
-is the difference between a list and an array?, What is the difference
-between $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I remove duplicate elements from
-a list or array?, How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain
+always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my <<HERE documents work?, What is the
+difference between a list and an array?, What is the difference between
+$array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I remove duplicate elements from a list
+or array?, How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain
element?, How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute
the intersection of two arrays?, How do I test whether two arrays or hashes
are equal?, How do I find the first array element for which a condition is
be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output
my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a
filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do
-I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use E<lt>*E<gt>?, Is
-there a leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>"
-or trailing blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a
-file?, Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking.
- I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How
-do I randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in
-perl?, How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more
-than one file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How
-can I read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from
-a file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character
+I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?, Is there a
+leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing
+blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why
+can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. I just
+want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How do I
+randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?,
+How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more than one
+file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How can I
+read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a
+file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character
waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?, How do I dup()
a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why
can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe`
the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between
local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly
named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow
-binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?, How do I
-redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference
-between calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or
-case statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined
+binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?, How do I redefine a
+builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference between
+calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case
+statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined
variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file
be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a
large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a
=back
-=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
-1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
+=head2 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
-=over
-
-=item What is Perl?
-
-=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
-
-=item Which version of Perl should I use?
-
-=item What are perl4 and perl5?
-
-=item What is perl6?
-
-=item How stable is Perl?
-
-=item Is Perl difficult to learn?
+=item BASIC DOCUMENTATION
-=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
-Scheme, or Tcl?
+=over
-=item Can I do [task] in Perl?
+=item perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
-=item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
+SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, AVAILABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, AUTHOR, FILES, SEE ALSO,
+DIAGNOSTICS, BUGS, NOTES
-=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
+=item perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
+20:38:02 $)
-=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
+DESCRIPTION
-=item What is a JAPH?
+=back
-=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
+=back
-=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
-(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?
+=head2 perlbook - Perl book information
-=back
+=over
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item DESCRIPTION
=back
-=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
-$Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
+=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
=over
=over
-=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
+=item Declarations
-=item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
+=item Simple statements
-=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
+=item Compound statements
-=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
-don't work.
+=item Loop Control
-=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
-loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
+=item For Loops
-=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
-What does CPAN/src/... mean?
+=item Foreach Loops
-=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
+=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
-=item Where can I get information on Perl?
+=item Goto
-=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
+=item PODs: Embedded Documentation
-=item Where should I post source code?
+=item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
-=item Perl Books
+=back
-References, Tutorials
- *Learning Perl [2nd edition]
- by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen
- with foreword by Larry Wall, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
+=back
-=item Perl in Magazines
+=head2 perldata - Perl data types
-=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
+=over
-=item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
+=over
-=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
+=item Variable names
-=item Where do I send bug reports?
+=item Context
-=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
+=item Scalar values
+
+=item Scalar value constructors
+
+=item List value constructors
+
+=item Slices
+
+=item Typeglobs and Filehandles
=back
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
-16:08:30 $)
+=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
=over
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item How do I do (anything)?
+=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
-=item How can I use Perl interactively?
+=item The Arrow Operator
-=item Is there a Perl shell?
+=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
-=item How do I debug my Perl programs?
+=item Exponentiation
-=item How do I profile my Perl programs?
+=item Symbolic Unary Operators
-=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
+=item Binding Operators
-=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
+=item Multiplicative Operators
-=item Is there a ctags for Perl?
+=item Additive Operators
-=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
+=item Shift Operators
-=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
+=item Named Unary Operators
-=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
+=item Relational Operators
-=item How can I use curses with Perl?
+=item Equality Operators
-=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
+=item Bitwise And
-=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
+=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
-=item What is undump?
+=item C-style Logical And
-=item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
+=item C-style Logical Or
-=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
+=item Range Operators
-=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
+=item Conditional Operator
-=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
+=item Assignment Operators
-=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
+=item Comma Operator
-=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
+=item List Operators (Rightward)
-=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
+=item Logical Not
-=item How can I compile Perl into Java?
+=item Logical And
-=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
+=item Logical or and Exclusive Or
-=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
+=item C Operators Missing From Perl
-=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
+unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
-=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
+=item Quote and Quote-like Operators
-=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
+=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
-=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
+?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
+qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
+s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
+y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
-=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
-my C program, what am I doing wrong?
+=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
-=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
-mean?
+Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
+C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
+C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
+C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
+regular expressions
-=item What's MakeMaker?
+=item I/O Operators
-=back
+=item Constant Folding
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item Bitwise String Operators
-=back
+=item Integer Arithmetic
-=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
-20:37:49 $)
+=item Floating-point Arithmetic
-=over
+=item Bigger Numbers
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=back
-=item Data: Numbers
+=back
-=over
+=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
-=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
-numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
+=over
-=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
-Trig functions?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item How do I convert bits into ints?
+=over
-=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
+=item Private Variables via my()
-=item How do I multiply matrices?
+=item Persistent Private Variables
-=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
+=item Temporary Values via local()
-=item How can I output Roman numerals?
+=item Lvalue subroutines
-=item Why aren't my random numbers random?
+=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
-=back
+=item When to Still Use local()
-=item Data: Dates
+1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2.
+You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3.
+You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash
-=over
+=item Pass by Reference
-=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
+=item Prototypes
-=item How do I find the current century or millennium?
+=item Constant Functions
-=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
+=item Overriding Built-in Functions
-=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
+=item Autoloading
-=item How can I find the Julian Day?
+=item Subroutine Attributes
-=item How do I find yesterday's date?
+=back
-=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=item Data: Strings
+=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
=over
-=item How do I validate input?
-
-=item How do I unescape a string?
-
-=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
-
-=item How do I expand function calls in a string?
-
-=item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item How do I reverse a string?
+=over
-=item How do I expand tabs in a string?
+=item Perl Functions by Category
-=item How do I reformat a paragraph?
+Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
+Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
+Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
+length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
+Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
+to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
+groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
+object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
+communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
+info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
+in perl5
-=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
+=item Portability
-=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
+=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
-string?
+I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
+NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
+binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
+bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
+chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
+chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
+connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
+dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
+EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
+each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
+exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
+FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
+fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
+getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
+NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
+NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
+ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
+getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
+getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
+STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
+endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
+getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
+goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
+import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
+FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
+last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
+link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
+lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
+mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
+msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
+ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
+FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
+DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package,
+package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR,
+pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT,
+LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
+qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
+rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
+FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
+readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
+ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
+require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
+DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
+rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
+DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
+semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
+SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
+WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
+shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
+shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
+EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
+SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
+sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
+splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
+/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
+sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
+study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
+EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
+EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
+FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
+FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
+FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
+FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
+syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
+VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
+FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
+ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
+TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
+use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
+values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
+LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
-=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
+=back
-=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
-[character]? (Comma-separated files)
+=back
-=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
+=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
-=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
+=over
-=item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
+=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
-=item How can I expand variables in text strings?
+=item The Solution
-=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
+=item Syntax
-=item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
+=over
-1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
-a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
-the tag
+=item Making References
+
+=item Using References
=back
-=item Data: Arrays
+=item An Example
-=over
+=item Arrow Rule
-=item What is the difference between a list and an array?
+=item Solution
-=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
+=item The Rest
-=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
+=item Summary
-a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:(this assumes all true
-values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
-(b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any
-loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive
-integers:
+=item Credits
-=item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
+=over
-=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
-intersection of two arrays?
+=item Distribution Conditions
-=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
+=back
-=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
+=back
-=item How do I handle linked lists?
+=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
-=item How do I handle circular lists?
+=over
-=item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
+arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
+more elaborate constructs
-=item How do I select a random element from an array?
+=item REFERENCES
-=item How do I permute N elements of a list?
+=item COMMON MISTAKES
-=item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
+=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
-=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
+=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
-=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
+=item DEBUGGING
-=back
+=item CODE EXAMPLES
-=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
+=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
=over
-=item How do I process an entire hash?
+=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
-=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
-it?
+=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
-=item How do I look up a hash element by value?
+=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
-=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
+=back
-=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
+=item HASHES OF ARRAYS
-=item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
+=over
-=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
+=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
-=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
+=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
-=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
+=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
-=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
+=back
-=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
+=item ARRAYS OF HASHES
-=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
+=over
-=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
-it?
+=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
-=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
-array of hashes or arrays?
+=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
-=item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
+=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
=back
-=item Data: Misc
+=item HASHES OF HASHES
=over
-=item How do I handle binary data correctly?
+=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
-=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
+=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
-=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
+=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
-=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
+=back
-=item How do I define methods for every class/object?
+=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
-=item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
+=over
-=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
+=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
+
+=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
+
+=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
=back
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item Database Ties
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
=back
-=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
-16:08:30 $)
+=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
-=over
+=item The Guide
-=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
+=over
-=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
-line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
+=item Simple word matching
-=item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
+=item Using character classes
-=item How do I make a temporary file name?
+\d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and
+represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and
+represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character
+but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace
+character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character
+[^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n"
-=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
+=item Matching this or that
-=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
-filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
+=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
-=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
+=item Extracting matches
-=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
+=item Matching repetitions
-=item How can I write() into a string?
+C<a?> = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C<a*> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e.,
+any number of times, C<a+> = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least
+once, C<a{n,m}> = match at least C<n> times, but not more than C<m> times,
+C<a{n,}> = match at least C<n> or more times, C<a{n}> = match exactly C<n>
+times
-=item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
+=item More matching
-=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
+=item Search and replace
-=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
+=item The split operator
-=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
-E<lt>*E<gt>?
+=back
-=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
+=item BUGS
-=item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item How can I reliably rename a file?
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=item How can I lock a file?
+=over
-=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
+=item Acknowledgments
-=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
-the file. How can I do this?
+=back
-=item How do I randomly update a binary file?
+=back
-=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
+=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
-=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
+=over
-=item How do I print to more than one file at once?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
+=over
-=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
+=item Verbatim Paragraph
-=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
+=item Command Paragraph
-=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
+=item Ordinary Block of Text
-=item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
+=item The Intent
-=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
+=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
-=item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
+=item Common Pod Pitfalls
-=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
-`C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
+=back
-=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
-protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
+=item AUTHOR
-=item How do I select a random line from a file?
+=back
-=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
+=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
-=back
+=over
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item DESCRIPTION
=back
-=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
+=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
=over
=over
-=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
-and unmaintainable code?
+=item Awk Traps
-Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
+=item C Traps
-=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
+=item Sed Traps
-=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
-different lines?
+=item Shell Traps
-=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
+=item Perl Traps
-=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
-case on the RHS?
+=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
-=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
+Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
+Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
+Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
+Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
-=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
+=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
-=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
+Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
+Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
+Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
-=item What is C</o> really for?
+=item Parsing Traps
-=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
-file?
+Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
-=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
+=item Numerical Traps
-=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
+Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
-=item How do I process each word on each line?
+=item General data type traps
-=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
+(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
+(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
-=item How can I do approximate matching?
+=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
-=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
+(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
-=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
+=item Precedence Traps
-=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
+Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
+Precedence
-=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
+=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
-=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
+Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
+Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
+Regular Expression
-=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
+=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
-=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
+(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
-=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
+=item OS Traps
-=back
+(SysV), (SysV)
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item Interpolation Traps
+
+Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
+Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
+
+=item DBM Traps
+
+DBM, DBM
+
+=item Unclassified Traps
+
+C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
+LIMIT specified
=back
-=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
-1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
+=back
+
+=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
=over
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
-
-=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
-use them?
-
-=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
-commas?
+=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
-=item How do I skip some return values?
+OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
-=item How do I temporarily block warnings?
+=item Location of Perl
-=item What's an extension?
+=item Command Switches
-=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
+B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
+B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
+B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
+B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
+B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
+B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
+B<-x> I<directory>
-=item How do I declare/create a structure?
+=back
-=item How do I create a module?
+=item ENVIRONMENT
-=item How do I create a class?
+HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
+(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
+PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
-=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
+=back
-=item What's a closure?
+=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
-=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
+=over
-=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
-Regex}?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
-Passing Methods
+=back
-=item How do I create a static variable?
+=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
-=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
-Between local() and my()?
+=over
-=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
-is in scope?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
+=over
-=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
+=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
-=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
+=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
-=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
+=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
-=item How do I create a switch or case statement?
+B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>
-=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
+=item Backward Compatibility
-=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
+=item Category Hierarchy
-=item How can I find out my current package?
+=item Fatal Warnings
-=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
+=item Reporting Warnings from a Module
-=item How do I clear a package?
+=back
-=item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
+=item TODO
-=back
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item AUTHOR
=back
-=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
-18:37:57 $)
+=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
-=over
-
-=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
-
-=item How come exec() doesn't return?
+=item use strict
-=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
+=item Looking at data and -w
-Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
+=item Stepping through code
-=item How do I print something out in color?
+=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
-=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
+=item Regular expressions
-=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
+=item Some ideas for output
-=item How do I clear the screen?
+=item CGI
-=item How do I get the screen size?
+=item GUIs
-=item How do I ask the user for a password?
+=item Summary
-=item How do I read and write the serial port?
+=item SEE ALSO
-lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
+=item AUTHOR
-=item How do I decode encrypted password files?
+=item CONTRIBUTORS
-=item How do I start a process in the background?
+=back
-STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
+=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
-=item How do I trap control characters/signals?
+=over
-=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item How do I set the time and date?
+=item The Perl Debugger
-=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
+=over
-=item How can I measure time under a second?
+=item Debugger Commands
-=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
+h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
+[expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
+-, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
+b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
+[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
+command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
+option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
+command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
+cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
-=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
-does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
+=item Configurable Options
-=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
+C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
+C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
+C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
+C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
+C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
+C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
-=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
+=item Debugger input/output
-=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
+Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
+listing
-=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
+=item Debugging compile-time statements
-=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
+=item Debugger Customization
-=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
+=item Readline Support
-=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
+=item Editor Support for Debugging
-=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
+=item The Perl Profiler
-=item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
+=back
-=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
-^Z on MS-DOS)?
+=item Debugging regular expressions
-=item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
+=item Debugging memory usage
-=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item How can I write expect in Perl?
+=item BUGS
-=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
-"ps"?
+=back
-=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
-come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
-changes to be visible?
+=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
-Unix
+=over
-=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
-complete?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item How do I fork a daemon process?
+=over
-=item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
+=item Predefined Names
-=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
+$ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
+$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
+input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
+input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
+autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
+EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
+EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
+$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
+EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
+$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
+$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
+C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
+- $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
+as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
+C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
+$-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
+format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
+format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
+$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
+$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
+$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
+$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
+$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
+$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
+$OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
+0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
+$BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
+${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
+%ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
-=item How do I timeout a slow event?
+=item Error Indicators
-=item How do I set CPU limits?
+=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
-=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
+=back
-=item How do I use an SQL database?
+=item BUGS
-=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
+=back
-=item How do I open a file without blocking?
+=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
-=item How do I install a module from CPAN?
+=over
-=item What's the difference between require and use?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
+=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
-=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
-search path?
+=item Growing Your Own
-=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
+=item Access and Printing
-=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
+=item Slices
-=back
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item AUTHOR
=back
-=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
-$)
+=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Open E<agrave> la shell
+
=over
-=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
-Server Error)
+=item Simple Opens
-=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
+=item Pipe Opens
-=item How do I remove HTML from a string?
+=item The Minus File
-=item How do I extract URLs?
+=item Mixing Reads and Writes
-=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
-file on another machine?
+=item Filters
-=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
+=back
-=item How do I fetch an HTML file?
+=item Open E<agrave> la C
-=item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
+=over
-=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
+=item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
-=item How do I redirect to another page?
+=back
-=item How do I put a password on my web pages?
+=item Obscure Open Tricks
-=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
+=over
-=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
-CGI script to do bad things?
+=item Re-Opening Files (dups)
-=item How do I parse a mail header?
-
-=item How do I decode a CGI form?
+=item Dispelling the Dweomer
-=item How do I check a valid mail address?
+=item Paths as Opens
-=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
+=item Single Argument Open
-=item How do I return the user's mail address?
+=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
-=item How do I send mail?
+=back
-=item How do I read mail?
+=item Other I/O Issues
-=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
+=over
-=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
+=item Opening Non-File Files
-=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
+=item Binary Files
-=item How can I do RPC in Perl?
+=item File Locking
=back
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item SEE ALSO
-=back
+=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
-=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6 (as of v5.005_64)
+=item HISTORY
-=over
+=back
+
+=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
+
+=over
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Incompatible Changes
+=item Part 1: The basics
=over
-=item Perl Source Incompatibilities
+=item Simple word matching
-CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
-Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash
-keys has changed, C<undef> fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may
-be set on pipe() handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is
-unsupported, delete(), values() and C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values,
-not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some
-diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not()
-behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have
-changed
+=item Using character classes
-=item C Source Incompatibilities
+\d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and
+represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and
+represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character
+but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace
+character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character
+[^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n", no modifiers (//):
+Default behavior. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^>
+matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the
+end or before a newline at the end, s modifier (//s): Treat string as a
+single long line. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. C<^>
+matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the
+end or before a newline at the end, m modifier (//m): Treat string as a set
+of multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> and
+C<$> are able to match at the start or end of I<any> line within the
+string, both s and m modifiers (//sm): Treat string as a single long line,
+but detect multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">.
+C<^> and C<$>, however, are able to match at the start or end of I<any>
+line within the string
-C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
+=item Matching this or that
-=item Compatible C Source API Changes
+=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
-C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>, Support for C++ exceptions
+0 Start with the first letter in the string 'a', 1 Try the first
+alternative in the first group 'abd', 2 Match 'a' followed by 'b'. So far
+so good, 3 'd' in the regexp doesn't match 'c' in the string - a dead end.
+So backtrack two characters and pick the second alternative in the first
+group 'abc', 4 Match 'a' followed by 'b' followed by 'c'. We are on a roll
+and have satisfied the first group. Set $1 to 'abc', 5 Move on to the
+second group and pick the first alternative 'df', 6 Match the 'd', 7 'f' in
+the regexp doesn't match 'e' in the string, so a dead end. Backtrack one
+character and pick the second alternative in the second group 'd', 8 'd'
+matches. The second grouping is satisfied, so set $2 to 'd', 9 We are at
+the end of the regexp, so we are done! We have matched 'abcd' out of the
+string "abcde"
-=item Binary Incompatibilities
+=item Extracting matches
-=back
+=item Matching repetitions
-=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
+C<a?> = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C<a*> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e.,
+any number of times, C<a+> = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least
+once, C<a{n,m}> = match at least C<n> times, but not more than C<m> times,
+C<a{n,}> = match at least C<n> or more times, C<a{n}> = match exactly C<n>
+times, Principle 0: Taken as a whole, any regexp will be matched at the
+earliest possible position in the string, Principle 1: In an alternation
+C<a|b|c...>, the leftmost alternative that allows a match for the whole
+regexp will be the one used, Principle 2: The maximal matching quantifiers
+C<?>, C<*>, C<+> and C<{n,m}> will in general match as much of the string
+as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to match, Principle 3: If
+there are two or more elements in a regexp, the leftmost greedy quantifier,
+if any, will match as much of the string as possible while still allowing
+the whole regexp to match. The next leftmost greedy quantifier, if any,
+will try to match as much of the string remaining available to it as
+possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until
+all the regexp elements are satisfied, C<a??> = match 'a' 0 or 1 times. Try
+0 first, then 1, C<a*?> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., any number of
+times, but as few times as possible, C<a+?> = match 'a' 1 or more times,
+i.e., at least once, but as few times as possible, C<a{n,m}?> = match at
+least C<n> times, not more than C<m> times, as few times as possible,
+C<a{n,}?> = match at least C<n> times, but as few times as possible,
+C<a{n}?> = match exactly C<n> times. Because we match exactly C<n> times,
+C<a{n}?> is equivalent to C<a{n}> and is just there for notational
+consistency, Principle 3: If there are two or more elements in a regexp,
+the leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will match as much
+(little) of the string as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to
+match. The next leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will try
+to match as much (little) of the string remaining available to it as
+possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until
+all the regexp elements are satisfied, 0 Start with the first letter in the
+string 't', 1 The first quantifier '.*' starts out by matching the whole
+string 'the cat in the hat', 2 'a' in the regexp element 'at' doesn't match
+the end of the string. Backtrack one character, 3 'a' in the regexp
+element 'at' still doesn't match the last letter of the string 't', so
+backtrack one more character, 4 Now we can match the 'a' and the 't', 5
+Move on to the third element '.*'. Since we are at the end of the string
+and '.*' can match 0 times, assign it the empty string, 6 We are done!
-=over
+=item Building a regexp
-=item New Configure flags
+specifying the task in detail,, breaking down the problem into smaller
+parts,, translating the small parts into regexps,, combining the regexps,,
+and optimizing the final combined regexp
-=item -Dusethreads and -Duse64bits now more daring
+=item Using regular expressions in Perl
-=item Long Doubles
+=back
-=item -Dusemorebits
+=item Part 2: Power tools
-=item -Duselargefiles
+=over
-=item installusrbinperl
+=item More on characters, strings, and character classes
-=item SOCKS support
+=item Compiling and saving regular expressions
-=item C<-A> flag
+=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
-=item Enhanced Installation Directories
+=item Non-capturing groupings
+
+=item Looking ahead and looking behind
+
+=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
+
+=item Conditional expressions
+
+=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
+
+=item Pragmas and debugging
=back
-=item Core Changes
+=item BUGS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=over
-=item Unicode and UTF-8 support
+=item Acknowledgments
-=item Interpreter threads
+=back
-=item Lexically scoped warning categories
+=back
-=item Lvalue subroutines
+=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
-=item "our" declarations
+=over
-=item Weak references
+=item NOTE
-=item File globbing implemented internally
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Binary numbers supported
+=over
-=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
+=item Making References
-=item exists() is supported on subroutine names
+=item Using References
-=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
+=item Symbolic references
-=item syswrite() ease-of-use
+=item Not-so-symbolic references
-=item File and directory handles can be autovivified
+=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
-=item 64-bit support
+=item Function Templates
-=item Large file support
+=back
-=item Long doubles
+=item WARNING
-=item "more bits"
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
+=back
-=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
+=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
-=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
+=over
-=item Improved C<qw//> operator
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item pack() format 'Z' supported
+i, m, s, x
-=item pack() format modifier '!' supported
+=over
-=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
+=item Regular Expressions
-=item Comments in pack() templates
+cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
-=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
+=item Extended Patterns
-=item C<use attrs> implicit in subroutine attributes
+C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
+C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
+code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
+C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
-=item Regular expression improvements
+=item Backtracking
-=item Overloading improvements
+=item Version 8 Regular Expressions
-=item open() with more than two arguments
+=item Warning on \1 vs $1
-=item Support for interpolating named characters
+=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
-=item Experimental support for user-hooks in @INC
+=item Combining pieces together
-=item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
+C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
+C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
+C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
+C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
-=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
+=item Creating custom RE engines
-=item Optional Y2K warnings
+=back
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=item Significant bug fixes
+=head2 perlform - Perl formats
=over
-=item E<lt>HANDLEE<gt> on empty files
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item C<eval '...'> improvements
+=over
-=item All compilation errors are true errors
+=item Format Variables
-=item Automatic flushing of output buffers
+=back
-=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
+=item NOTES
-=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
+=over
-=item eof() has the same old magic as <>
+=item Footers
-=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
+=item Accessing Formatting Internals
-=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
+=back
-=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
+=item WARNINGS
-=item Pseudo-hashes work better
+=back
-=item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
+=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
+localization)
-=item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
+=over
-=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
+=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
-=item Failures in DESTROY()
+=item USING LOCALES
-=item Locale bugs fixed
+=over
-=item Memory leaks
+=item The use locale pragma
-=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
+=item The setlocale function
-=item Consistent numeric conversions
+=item Finding locales
-=item Taint failures under C<-U>
+=item LOCALE PROBLEMS
-=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
+=item Temporarily fixing locale problems
-=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
+=item Permanently fixing locale problems
-=item Diagnostics follow STDERR
+=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
-=item Other fixes for better diagnostics
+=item Fixing system locale configuration
+
+=item The localeconv function
=back
-=item Performance enhancements
+=item LOCALE CATEGORIES
=over
-=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
+=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
-=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
+=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
-=item Method lookups optimized
+=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
-=item Faster mechanism to invoke XSUBs
+=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
-=item Perl_malloc() improvements
+=item LC_TIME
-=item Faster subroutine calls
+=item Other categories
=back
-=item Platform specific changes
-
-=over
+=item SECURITY
-=item Additional supported platforms
+B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
+B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>),
+B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
+B<Output formatting functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping
+functions> (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent
+functions> (localeconv(), strcoll(), strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX
+character class tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isgraph(),
+islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()):
-=item DOS
+=item ENVIRONMENT
-=item OS/2
+PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
+LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
-=item VMS
+=item NOTES
-=item Win32
+=over
-=back
+=item Backward compatibility
-=item New tests
+=item I18N:Collate obsolete
-=item Modules and Pragmata
+=item Sort speed and memory use impacts
-=over
+=item write() and LC_NUMERIC
-=item Modules
+=item Freely available locale definitions
-attributes, B, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File,
-Devel::DProf, Dumpvalue, Benchmark, Devel::Peek, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
-Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
-File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
-Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File,
-Time::Local, Win32, DBM Filters
+=item I18n and l10n
-=item Pragmata
+=item An imperfect standard
=back
-=item Utility Changes
+=item BUGS
=over
-=item h2ph
-
-=item perlcc
-
-=item h2xs
+=item Broken systems
=back
-=item Documentation Changes
-
-perlapi.pod, perlcompile.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod,
-perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod
-
-=item New or Changed Diagnostics
-
-"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
-implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
-/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
-by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
-\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
-passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
-early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
-argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
-subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
-%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad
-evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Binary number >
-0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32
-non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem
-of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't
-declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't
-modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove
-%s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken
-a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s]
-belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
-constant(%s): %%^H is not localized, constant(%s): %s, defined(@array) is
-deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header,
-Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?, Document contains no data, entering
-effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened
-only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s"
-requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff
-non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in
-prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s
-ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number,
-Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s"
-in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid
-separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s
-failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not
-permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open,
-Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed
-for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset
-information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777
-non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic:
-magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug:
-%s, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat
-count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is
-already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length
-expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't
-reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements
-(%s=%s), Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to
-prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated
-attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list,
-Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated
-subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version
-number must be a constant number
-
-=item Obsolete Diagnostics
-
-Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
-logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to
-mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
-
-=item BUGS
-
=item SEE ALSO
=item HISTORY
=back
-=head2 perldata - Perl data types
+=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
=over
=over
-=item Variable names
-
-=item Context
-
-=item Scalar values
+=item Important Caveat
-=item Scalar value constructors
+Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
+to enable a few features
-=item List value constructors
+=item Byte and Character semantics
-=item Slices
+=item Effects of character semantics
-=item Typeglobs and Filehandles
+=item Character encodings for input and output
=back
+=item CAVEATS
+
=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
-
+=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
+safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
+
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Signals
+
+=item Named Pipes
+
=over
-=item Declarations
+=item WARNING
-=item Simple statements
+=back
-=item Compound statements
+=item Using open() for IPC
-=item Loop Control
+=over
-=item For Loops
+=item Filehandles
-=item Foreach Loops
+=item Background Processes
-=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
+=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
-=item Goto
+=item Safe Pipe Opens
-=item PODs: Embedded Documentation
+=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
-=item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
+=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
=back
+=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
+
+=over
+
+=item Internet Line Terminators
+
+=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
+
+=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
+
=back
-=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
+=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
=over
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item A Simple Client
-=item DESCRIPTION
+C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
-=over
+=item A Webget Client
-=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
+=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
-=item The Arrow Operator
+=back
-=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
+=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
-=item Exponentiation
+Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
-=item Symbolic Unary Operators
+=item UDP: Message Passing
-=item Binding Operators
+=item SysV IPC
-=item Multiplicative Operators
+=item NOTES
-=item Additive Operators
+=item BUGS
-=item Shift Operators
+=item AUTHOR
-=item Named Unary Operators
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item Relational Operators
+=back
-=item Equality Operators
+=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
-=item Bitwise And
+=over
-=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item C-style Logical And
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item C-style Logical Or
+=over
-=item Range Operators
+=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
-=item Conditional Operator
+$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
+filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
+files, directories and network sockets
-=item Assignment Operators
+=item Resource limits
-=item Comma Operator
+=item Killing the parent process
-=item List Operators (Rightward)
+=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
-=item Logical Not
+=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
-=item Logical And
+BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
+Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
+application, Thread-safety of extensions
-=item Logical or and Exclusive Or
+=back
-=item C Operators Missing From Perl
+=item BUGS
-unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
+=item AUTHOR
-=item Quote and Quote-like Operators
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
+=back
-?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
-qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
-s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC,
-y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC
+=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
-=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
+=over
-Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
-C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
-C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<<file*globE<gt>>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
-C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
-regular expressions
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item I/O Operators
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Constant Folding
+=item Storing numbers
-=item Bitwise String Operators
+=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
-=item Integer Arithmetic
+=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
-=item Floating-point Arithmetic
+Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
+C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
+integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
+string
-=item Bigger Numbers
+=item AUTHOR
-=back
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
+=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
-i, m, s, x
+=item What Is A Thread Anyway?
+
+=item Threaded Program Models
=over
-=item Regular Expressions
+=item Boss/Worker
-cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
+=item Work Crew
-=item Extended Patterns
+=item Pipeline
-C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
-C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?E<lt>=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
-code })>, C<(?p{ code })>, C<(?E<gt>pattern)>,
-C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
+=back
-=item Backtracking
+=item Native threads
-=item Version 8 Regular Expressions
+=item What kind of threads are perl threads?
-=item Warning on \1 vs $1
+=item Threadsafe Modules
-=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
+=item Thread Basics
-=item Combining pieces together
+=over
-C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
-C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<(?E<gt>S)>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
-C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(?p{ EXPR })>,
-C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
+=item Basic Thread Support
-=item Creating custom RE engines
+=item Creating Threads
+
+=item Giving up control
+
+=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
+
+=item Errors In Threads
+
+=item Ignoring A Thread
=back
-=item BUGS
+=item Threads And Data
-=item SEE ALSO
+=over
+
+=item Shared And Unshared Data
+
+=item Thread Pitfall: Races
+
+=item Controlling access: lock()
+
+=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
+
+=item Queues: Passing Data Around
=back
-=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
+=item Threads And Code
=over
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
-=item DESCRIPTION
+Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
+
+=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
+
+=item Subroutine Locks
+
+=item Methods
+
+=item Locking A Subroutine
+
+=back
+
+=item General Thread Utility Routines
=over
-=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
+=item What Thread Am I In?
-OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
+=item Thread IDs
-=item Location of Perl
+=item Are These Threads The Same?
-=item Command Switches
+=item What Threads Are Running?
-B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<letters>,
-B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
-B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
-B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
-B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
-B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
-B<-x> I<directory>
+=back
+
+=item A Complete Example
+
+=item Conclusion
+
+=item Bibliography
+
+=over
+
+=item Introductory Texts
+
+=item OS-Related References
+
+=item Other References
=back
-=item ENVIRONMENT
+=item Acknowledgements
-HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
-(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item Copyrights
=back
-=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
+=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
+Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
+portable
+
+=item ISSUES
+
=over
-=item Perl Functions by Category
+=item Newlines
-Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
-Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
-Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
-length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
-Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
-to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
-groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
-object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
-communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
-info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
-in perl5
+=item Numbers endianness and Width
-=item Portability
+=item Files and Filesystems
-=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
+=item System Interaction
-I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
-NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
-binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
-chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
-chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
-close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue
-BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
-HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK,
-do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE,
-eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists
-EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno
-FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline
-PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp
-PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
-gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
-getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
-getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport
-PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent,
-getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
-setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
-endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt
-SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR,
-goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
-STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
-FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
-last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
-link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
-lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK
-LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
-KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
-EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
-FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
-DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package,
-package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR,
-pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT,
-LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
-qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
-rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
-FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
-readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
-ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR,
-reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
-STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
-EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
-FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
-ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
-SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
-WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
-shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
-shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
-EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
-SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
-sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
-splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
-split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
-srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
-sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
-EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall
-LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
-FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
-sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE,
-system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
-syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell
-FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
-VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
-EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
-EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
-unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST,
-use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
-PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
+=item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
+
+=item External Subroutines (XS)
+
+=item Standard Modules
+
+=item Time and Date
+
+=item Character sets and character encoding
+
+=item Internationalisation
+
+=item System Resources
+
+=item Security
+
+=item Style
+
+=back
+
+=item CPAN Testers
+
+Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
+http://testers.cpan.org/
+
+=item PLATFORMS
+
+=over
+
+=item Unix
+
+=item DOS and Derivatives
+
+Build instructions for OS/2, L<perlos2>
+
+=item S<Mac OS>
+
+=item VMS
+
+=item VOS
+
+=item EBCDIC Platforms
+
+=item Acorn RISC OS
+
+=item Other perls
+
+=back
+
+=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
+
+=over
+
+=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
+
+-I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
+FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
+PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
+LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
+getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
+getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
+ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
+getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
+setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
+setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
+endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
+ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
+lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
+msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
+open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
+select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
+KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
+setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
+SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
+shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
+SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat,
+symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
+FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
+FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
+wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
+
+=back
+
+=item CHANGES
+
+v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999,
+v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May
+1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December
+1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August
+1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998,
+v1.23, 10 July 1998
+
+=item Supported Platforms
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
+
+=item VERSION
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlsec - Perl security
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
+
+=item Switches On the "#!" Line
+
+=item Cleaning Up Your Path
+
+=item Security Bugs
+
+=item Protecting Your Programs
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item If we could talk to the animals...
+
+=item Introducing the method invocation arrow
+
+=item Invoking a barnyard
+
+=item The extra parameter of method invocation
+
+=item Calling a second method to simplify things
+
+=item Inheriting the windpipes
+
+=item A few notes about @ISA
+
+=item Overriding the methods
+
+=item Starting the search from a different place
+
+=item The SUPER way of doing things
+
+=item Where we're at so far...
+
+=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
+
+=item Invoking an instance method
+
+=item Accessing the instance data
+
+=item How to build a horse
+
+=item Inheriting the constructor
+
+=item Making a method work with either classes or instances
+
+=item Adding parameters to a method
+
+=item More interesting instances
+
+=item A horse of a different color
+
+=item Summary
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item Creating a Class
+
+=over
+
+=item Object Representation
+
+=item Class Interface
+
+=item Constructors and Instance Methods
+
+=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
+
+=item Destructors
+
+=item Other Object Methods
+
+=back
+
+=item Class Data
+
+=over
+
+=item Accessing Class Data
+
+=item Debugging Methods
+
+=item Class Destructors
+
+=item Documenting the Interface
+
+=back
+
+=item Aggregation
+
+=item Inheritance
+
+=over
+
+=item Overridden Methods
+
+=item Multiple Inheritance
+
+=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
+
+=back
+
+=item Alternate Object Representations
+
+=over
+
+=item Arrays as Objects
+
+=item Closures as Objects
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
+
+=over
+
+=item Autoloaded Data Methods
+
+=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
+
+=back
+
+=item Metaclassical Tools
+
+=over
+
+=item Class::Struct
+
+=item Data Members as Variables
+
+=item NOTES
+
+=item Object Terminology
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=item COPYRIGHT
+
+=over
+
+=item Acknowledgments
+
+=back
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item Class Data as Package Variables
+
+=over
+
+=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
+
+=item Inheritance Concerns
+
+=item The Eponymous Meta-Object
+
+=item Indirect References to Class Data
+
+=item Monadic Classes
+
+=item Translucent Attributes
+
+=back
+
+=item Class Data as Lexical Variables
+
+=over
+
+=item Privacy and Responsibility
+
+=item File-Scoped Lexicals
+
+=item More Inheritance Concerns
+
+=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
+
+=item Translucency Revisited
+
+=back
+
+=item NOTES
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
+
+=item HISTORY
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlobj - Perl objects
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item An Object is Simply a Reference
+
+=item A Class is Simply a Package
+
+=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
+
+=item Method Invocation
+
+=item WARNING
+
+=item Default UNIVERSAL methods
+
+isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
+
+=item Destructors
+
+=item Summary
+
+=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item OO SCALING TIPS
+
+=item INSTANCE VARIABLES
+
+=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
+
+=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
+
+=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
+
+=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
+
+=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
+
+=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
+
+=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
+
+=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
+
+=item DELEGATION
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
+
+=over
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Tying Scalars
+
+TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
+
+=item Tying Arrays
+
+TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
+DESTROY this
+
+=item Tying Hashes
+
+USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
+this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
+this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
+
+=item Tying FileHandles
+
+TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
+LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this
+
+=item The C<untie> Gotcha
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Packages
+
+=item Symbol Tables
+
+=item Package Constructors and Destructors
+
+=item Perl Classes
+
+=item Perl Modules
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
+
+=over
+
+=item Pragmatic Modules
+
+attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
+diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops,
+overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings
+
+=item Standard Modules
+
+AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
+B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
+B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI,
+CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
+CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy,
+Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue,
+English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command,
+ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
+ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
+ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
+ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
+ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
+File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
+File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2,
+File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp,
+File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
+I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
+Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
+Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find,
+Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
+Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Termcap,
+Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
+Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine,
+Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex,
+Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
+Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm,
+UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
+
+=item Extension Modules
+
+=back
+
+=item CPAN
+
+Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
+System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
+Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
+User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
+File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
+Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
+Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
+Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
+World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
+Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
+and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
+exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
+Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe,
+North America, South America
+
+=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
+
+=over
+
+=item Guidelines for Module Creation
+
+Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
+module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
+what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
+README and other Additional Files, A description of the
+module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
+- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
+Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
+especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
+the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
+version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
+care when changing a released module
+
+=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
+
+There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
+Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
+Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
+to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
+
+=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
+
+Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
+applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the
+reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
+to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
+can then be reduced to a small
+
+=back
+
+=item NOTE
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item PREAMBLE
+
+B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
+module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
+
+=back
+
+=item HEY
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Warning
+
+=item What should I make into a module?
+
+=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
+
+Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
+
+=item Step-by-step: Making the module
+
+Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
+L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
+documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
+
+=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
+
+Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
+tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
+1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item What is Perl?
+
+=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
+
+=item Which version of Perl should I use?
+
+=item What are perl4 and perl5?
+
+=item What is perl6?
+
+=item How stable is Perl?
+
+=item Is Perl difficult to learn?
+
+=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
+Scheme, or Tcl?
+
+=item Can I do [task] in Perl?
+
+=item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
+
+=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
+
+=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
+
+=item What is a JAPH?
+
+=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
+
+=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
+(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
+$Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
+
+=item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
+
+=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
+
+=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
+don't work.
+
+=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
+loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
+
+=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
+What does CPAN/src/... mean?
+
+=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
+
+=item Where can I get information on Perl?
+
+=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
+
+=item Where should I post source code?
+
+=item Perl Books
+
+References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
+
+=item Perl in Magazines
+
+=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
+
+=item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
+
+=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
+
+=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
+
+=item Where do I send bug reports?
+
+=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
+16:08:30 $)
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item How do I do (anything)?
+
+=item How can I use Perl interactively?
+
+=item Is there a Perl shell?
+
+=item How do I debug my Perl programs?
+
+=item How do I profile my Perl programs?
+
+=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
+
+=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
+
+=item Is there a ctags for Perl?
+
+=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
+
+=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
+
+=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
+
+=item How can I use curses with Perl?
+
+=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
+
+=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
+
+=item What is undump?
+
+=item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
+
+=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
+
+=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
+
+=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
+
+=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
+
+=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
+
+=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
+
+=item How can I compile Perl into Java?
+
+=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
+
+=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
+
+=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
+
+=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
+
+=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
+
+=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
+
+=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
+my C program, what am I doing wrong?
+
+=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
+mean?
+
+=item What's MakeMaker?
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
+20:37:49 $)
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item Data: Numbers
+
+=over
+
+=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
+numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
+
+=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
+
+=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
+Trig functions?
+
+=item How do I convert bits into ints?
+
+=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
+
+=item How do I multiply matrices?
+
+=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
+
+=item How can I output Roman numerals?
+
+=item Why aren't my random numbers random?
+
+=back
+
+=item Data: Dates
+
+=over
+
+=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
+
+=item How do I find the current century or millennium?
+
+=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
+
+=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
+
+=item How can I find the Julian Day?
+
+=item How do I find yesterday's date?
+
+=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
+
+=back
+
+=item Data: Strings
+
+=over
+
+=item How do I validate input?
+
+=item How do I unescape a string?
+
+=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
+
+=item How do I expand function calls in a string?
+
+=item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
+
+=item How do I reverse a string?
+
+=item How do I expand tabs in a string?
+
+=item How do I reformat a paragraph?
+
+=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
+
+=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
+
+=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
+string?
+
+=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
+
+=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
+[character]? (Comma-separated files)
+
+=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
+
+=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
+
+=item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
+
+=item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
+
+=item How can I expand variables in text strings?
+
+=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
+
+=item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
+
+1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
+a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
+the tag
+
+=back
+
+=item Data: Arrays
+
+=over
+
+=item What is the difference between a list and an array?
+
+=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
+
+=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
+
+a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted: (this assumes all true
+values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
+(b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any
+loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive
+integers:
+
+=item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
+
+=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
+intersection of two arrays?
+
+=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
+
+=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
+
+=item How do I handle linked lists?
+
+=item How do I handle circular lists?
+
+=item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
+
+=item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
+
+=item How do I select a random element from an array?
+
+=item How do I permute N elements of a list?
+
+=item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
+
+=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
+
+=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
+
+=back
+
+=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
+
+=over
+
+=item How do I process an entire hash?
+
+=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
+it?
+
+=item How do I look up a hash element by value?
+
+=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
+
+=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
+
+=item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
+
+=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
+
+=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
+
+=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
+
+=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
+
+=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
+
+=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
+
+=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
+it?
+
+=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
+array of hashes or arrays?
+
+=item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
+
+=back
+
+=item Data: Misc
+
+=over
+
+=item How do I handle binary data correctly?
+
+=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
+
+=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
+
+=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
+
+=item How do I define methods for every class/object?
+
+=item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
+
+=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
+16:08:30 $)
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
+
+=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
+line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
+
+=item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
+
+=item How do I make a temporary file name?
+
+=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
+
+=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
+filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
+
+=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
+
+=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
+
+=item How can I write() into a string?
+
+=item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
+
+=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
+
+=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
+
+=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
+
+=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
+
+=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
+
+=item How can I reliably rename a file?
+
+=item How can I lock a file?
+
+=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
+
+=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
+the file. How can I do this?
+
+=item How do I randomly update a binary file?
+
+=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
+
+=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
+
+=item How do I print to more than one file at once?
+
+=item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
+
+=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
+
+=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
+
+=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
+
+=item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
+
+=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
+
+=item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
+
+=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
+`C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
+
+=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
+
+=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
+protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
+
+=item How do I select a random line from a file?
+
+=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
+and unmaintainable code?
+
+Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
+
+=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
+
+=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
+different lines?
+
+=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
+
+=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
+case on the RHS?
+
+=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
+
+=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
+
+=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
+
+=item What is C</o> really for?
+
+=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
+file?
+
+=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
+
+=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
+
+=item How do I process each word on each line?
+
+=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
+
+=item How can I do approximate matching?
+
+=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
+
+=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
+
+=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
+
+=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
+
+=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
+
+=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
+
+=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
+
+=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
+1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
+
+=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
+use them?
+
+=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
+commas?
+
+=item How do I skip some return values?
+
+=item How do I temporarily block warnings?
+
+=item What's an extension?
+
+=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
+
+=item How do I declare/create a structure?
+
+=item How do I create a module?
+
+=item How do I create a class?
+
+=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
+
+=item What's a closure?
+
+=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
+
+=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
+Regex}?
+
+Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
+Passing Methods
+
+=item How do I create a static variable?
+
+=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
+Between local() and my()?
+
+=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
+is in scope?
+
+=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
+
+=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
+
+=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
+
+=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
+
+=item How do I create a switch or case statement?
+
+=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
+
+=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
+
+=item How can I find out my current package?
+
+=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
+
+=item How do I clear a package?
+
+=item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
+18:37:57 $)
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
+
+=item How come exec() doesn't return?
+
+=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
+
+Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
+
+=item How do I print something out in color?
+
+=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
+
+=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
+
+=item How do I clear the screen?
+
+=item How do I get the screen size?
+
+=item How do I ask the user for a password?
+
+=item How do I read and write the serial port?
+
+lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
+
+=item How do I decode encrypted password files?
+
+=item How do I start a process in the background?
+
+STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
+
+=item How do I trap control characters/signals?
+
+=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
+
+=item How do I set the time and date?
+
+=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
+
+=item How can I measure time under a second?
+
+=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
+
+=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
+does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
+
+=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
+
+=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
+
+=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
+
+=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
+
+=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
+
+=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
+
+=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
+
+=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
+
+=item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
+
+=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
+^Z on MS-DOS)?
+
+=item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
+
+=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
+
+=item How can I write expect in Perl?
+
+=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
+"ps"?
+
+=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
+come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
+changes to be visible?
+
+Unix
+
+=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
+complete?
+
+=item How do I fork a daemon process?
+
+=item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
+
+=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
+
+=item How do I timeout a slow event?
+
+=item How do I set CPU limits?
+
+=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
+
+=item How do I use an SQL database?
+
+=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
+
+=item How do I open a file without blocking?
+
+=item How do I install a module from CPAN?
+
+=item What's the difference between require and use?
+
+=item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
+
+=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
+search path?
+
+=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
+
+=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
+$)
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
+Server Error)
+
+=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
+
+=item How do I remove HTML from a string?
+
+=item How do I extract URLs?
+
+=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
+file on another machine?
+
+=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
+
+=item How do I fetch an HTML file?
+
+=item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
+
+=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
+
+=item How do I redirect to another page?
+
+=item How do I put a password on my web pages?
+
+=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
+
+=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
+CGI script to do bad things?
+
+=item How do I parse a mail header?
+
+=item How do I decode a CGI form?
+
+=item How do I check a valid mail address?
+
+=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
+
+=item How do I return the user's mail address?
+
+=item How do I send mail?
+
+=item How do I read mail?
+
+=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
+
+=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
+
+=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
+
+=item How can I do RPC in Perl?
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Layout
+
+B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
+
+=back
+
+=item Using The Back Ends
+
+=over
+
+=item The Cross Referencing Back End
+
+i, &, s, r
+
+=item The Decompiling Back End
+
+=item The Lint Back End
+
+=item The Simple C Back End
+
+=item The Bytecode Back End
+
+=item The Optimized C Back End
+
+B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
+B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
+B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
+
+=back
+
+=item KNOWN PROBLEMS
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item PREAMBLE
+
+B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
+Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
+
+=item ROADMAP
+
+=item Compiling your C program
+
+=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
+
+=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
+
+=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
+
+=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
+
+=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
+
+=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
+
+=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
+
+=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
+program
+
+=back
+
+=item Embedding Perl under Windows
+
+=item MORAL
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item Debugger Internals
+
+=over
+
+=item Writing Your Own Debugger
+
+=back
+
+=item Frame Listing Output Examples
+
+=item Debugging regular expressions
+
+=over
+
+=item Compile-time output
+
+C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
+I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
+I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
+C<anchored(TYPE)>
+
+=item Types of nodes
+
+=item Run-time output
+
+=back
+
+=item Debugging Perl memory usage
+
+=over
+
+=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
+
+C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
+SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
+6144>
+
+=item Example of using B<-DL> switch
+
+C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
+
+=item B<-DL> details
+
+C<!!!>, C<!!>, C<!>
+
+=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item SPECIAL NOTES
+
+=over
+
+=item make
+
+=item Version caveat
+
+=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
+
+=back
+
+=item TUTORIAL
+
+=over
+
+=item EXAMPLE 1
+
+=item EXAMPLE 2
+
+=item What has gone on?
+
+=item Writing good test scripts
+
+=item EXAMPLE 3
+
+=item What's new here?
+
+=item Input and Output Parameters
+
+=item The XSUBPP Program
+
+=item The TYPEMAP file
+
+=item Warning about Output Arguments
+
+=item EXAMPLE 4
+
+=item What has happened here?
+
+=item Anatomy of .xs file
+
+=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
+
+=item More about XSUB arguments
+
+=item The Argument Stack
+
+=item Extending your Extension
+
+=item Documenting your Extension
+
+=item Installing your Extension
+
+=item EXAMPLE 5
+
+=item New Things in this Example
+
+=item EXAMPLE 6
+
+=item New Things in this Example
+
+=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
+
+=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
+
+=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
+
+=item Troubleshooting these Examples
+
+=back
+
+=item See also
+
+=item Author
+
+=over
+
+=item Last Changed
+
+=back
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Introduction
+
+=item On The Road
+
+=item The Anatomy of an XSUB
+
+=item The Argument Stack
+
+=item The RETVAL Variable
+
+=item The MODULE Keyword
+
+=item The PACKAGE Keyword
+
+=item The PREFIX Keyword
+
+=item The OUTPUT: Keyword
+
+=item The CODE: Keyword
+
+=item The INIT: Keyword
+
+=item The NO_INIT Keyword
+
+=item Initializing Function Parameters
+
+=item Default Parameter Values
+
+=item The PREINIT: Keyword
+
+=item The SCOPE: Keyword
+
+=item The INPUT: Keyword
+
+=item Variable-length Parameter Lists
+
+=item The C_ARGS: Keyword
+
+=item The PPCODE: Keyword
+
+=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
+
+=item The REQUIRE: Keyword
+
+=item The CLEANUP: Keyword
+
+=item The BOOT: Keyword
+
+=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
+
+=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
+
+=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
+
+=item The ALIAS: Keyword
+
+=item The INTERFACE: Keyword
+
+=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
+
+=item The INCLUDE: Keyword
+
+=item The CASE: Keyword
+
+=item The & Unary Operator
+
+=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
+
+=item Using XS With C++
+
+=item Interface Strategy
+
+=item Perl Objects And C Structures
+
+=item The Typemap
+
+=back
+
+=item EXAMPLES
+
+=item XS VERSION
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item Variables
+
+=over
+
+=item Datatypes
+
+=item What is an "IV"?
+
+=item Working with SVs
+
+=item What's Really Stored in an SV?
+
+=item Working with AVs
+
+=item Working with HVs
+
+=item Hash API Extensions
+
+=item References
+
+=item Blessed References and Class Objects
+
+=item Creating New Variables
+
+=item Reference Counts and Mortality
+
+=item Stashes and Globs
+
+=item Double-Typed SVs
+
+=item Magic Variables
+
+=item Assigning Magic
+
+=item Magic Virtual Tables
+
+=item Finding Magic
+
+=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
+
+=item Localizing changes
+
+C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
+C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
+*op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
+*key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
+*p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>,
+C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV
+*gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
+maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>,
+C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
+
+=back
+
+=item Subroutines
+
+=over
+
+=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
+
+=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
+
+=item Memory Allocation
+
+=item PerlIO
+
+=item Putting a C value on Perl stack
+
+=item Scratchpads
+
+=item Scratchpads and recursion
+
+=back
+
+=item Compiled code
+
+=over
+
+=item Code tree
+
+=item Examining the tree
+
+=item Compile pass 1: check routines
+
+=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
+
+=item Compile pass 2: context propagation
+
+=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
+
+=back
+
+=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
+
+=over
+
+=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
+
+=item How do I use all this in extensions?
+
+=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
+
+=back
+
+=item Internal Functions
+
+A, p, d, s, n, r, f, m, o, j, x
+
+=over
+
+=item Formatted Printing of IVs and UVs
+
+=item Source Documentation
+
+=back
+
+=item Unicode Support
+
+=over
+
+=item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
+
+=item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
+
+=item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
+
+=item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
+
+=item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
+
+=item Is there anything else I need to know?
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTHORS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
+
+=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
+
+call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
+
+=item FLAG VALUES
+
+=over
+
+=item G_VOID
+
+=item G_SCALAR
+
+=item G_ARRAY
+
+=item G_DISCARD
+
+=item G_NOARGS
+
+=item G_EVAL
+
+=item G_KEEPERR
+
+=item Determining the Context
+
+=back
+
+=item KNOWN PROBLEMS
+
+=item EXAMPLES
+
+=over
+
+=item No Parameters, Nothing returned
+
+=item Passing Parameters
+
+=item Returning a Scalar
+
+=item Returning a list of values
+
+=item Returning a list in a scalar context
+
+=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
+
+=item Using G_EVAL
+
+=item Using G_KEEPERR
+
+=item Using call_sv
+
+=item Using call_argv
+
+=item Using call_method
+
+=item Using GIMME_V
+
+=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
+
+=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
+
+1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
+callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
+callback
+
+=item Alternate Stack Manipulation
+
+=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
-=back
+=item DATE
=back
-=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
+=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
=over
=over
-=item Predefined Names
-
-$ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digits>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
-$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number
-HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE
-EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR,
-$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR,
-$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
-$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
-$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
-EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
-$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
-$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @-, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
-format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
-format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
-$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
-$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
-$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
-$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
-$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
-$COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H,
-$INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,
-0x08, 0x10, 0x20, $^R, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
-$EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr},
-%SIG, $SIG{expr}
+=item DOCUMENTATION
-=item Error Indicators
+L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
+L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
+L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
+L<roffitall|roffitall>
-=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
+=item CONVERTORS
-=back
+L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
-=item BUGS
+=item Development
-=back
+L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
+L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
-=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
+=item SEE ALSO
-=over
+=back
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=back
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
=over
-=item Private Variables via my()
-
-=item Persistent Private Variables
-
-=item Temporary Values via local()
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Lvalue subroutines
+=item CONCEPTS
-=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
+=item USING FILTERS
-=item When to Still Use local()
+=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
-1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2.
-You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3.
-You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash
+=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
-=item Pass by Reference
+B<Decryption Filters>
-=item Prototypes
+=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
-=item Constant Functions
+=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
-=item Overriding Built-in Functions
+=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
-=item Autoloading
+=item CONCLUSION
-=item Subroutine Attributes
+=item REQUIREMENTS
-=back
+=item AUTHOR
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Copyrights
=back
-=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
+=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=over
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Packages
+B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
+B<filter_fetch_value>
-=item Symbol Tables
+=over
-=item Package Constructors and Destructors
+=item The Filter
-=item Perl Classes
+=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
-=item Perl Modules
+=item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
=back
=item SEE ALSO
+=item AUTHOR
+
=back
-=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
+=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
+AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
+av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
+bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy,
+croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv,
+eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
+get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
+gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
+G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
+HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
+hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
+hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
+hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
+isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number,
+MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical,
+mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc,
+NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv,
+newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
+ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse,
+perl_run, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal,
+PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs,
+PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc,
+require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST,
+strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy,
+SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off,
+SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off,
+SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK,
+SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
+SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
+SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
+SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
+SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUV,
+SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
+sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
+sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets,
+sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8,
+sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force,
+sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
+sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg,
+sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
+sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
+sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
+sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn,
+sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, U8 *s, utf8_to_bytes, warn, XPUSHi,
+XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV,
+XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES,
+XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION,
+XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
-=over
+=item AUTHORS
-=item Pragmatic Modules
+=item SEE ALSO
-attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, caller, charnames, constant,
-diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload,
-re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings
+=back
-=item Standard Modules
+=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
+ Perl functions
-AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
-B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
-B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI,
-CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
-CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy,
-Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
-Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
-Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed,
-ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
-ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
-ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
-ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
-ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
-File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob,
-File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac,
-File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32,
-File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long,
-Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe,
-IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
-IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Msg, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::Semaphore,
-IPC::SysV, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig,
-Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O,
-Opcode, POSIX, Pod::Checker, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Man,
-Pod::Parser, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Usage,
-SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
-Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
-Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
-Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
-Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
-Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
+=over
-=item Extension Modules
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=back
+is_gv_magical
-=item CPAN
+=item AUTHORS
-Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
-System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
-Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
-User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
-File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
-Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
-Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
-Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
-World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
-Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
-and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
-exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
-Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe,
-North America, South America
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
+=back
+
+=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
=over
-=item Guidelines for Module Creation
+=item SYNOPSIS
-Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
-module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
-what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
-README and other Additional Files, A description of the
-module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
-- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
-Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
-especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
-the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
-version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
-care when changing a released module
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
+B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
+B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
+B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
+B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
+B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
+B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
+B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
-There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
-Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
-Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
-to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
+=over
-=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
+=item Co-existence with stdio
-Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
-applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the
-reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
-to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
-can then be reduced to a small
+B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
+B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
=back
-=item NOTE
-
=back
-=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
+=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Infrastructure
+
=over
-=item PREAMBLE
+=item Mailing list archives
-B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
-module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
+=item Bug tracking system
+
+=item Regression Tests
+
+Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
+perl5
=back
-=item HEY
+=item Configure
-=item AUTHOR
+=over
-=item COPYRIGHT
+=item Install HTML
=back
-=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
+=item Perl Language
=over
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item our ($var)
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item 64-bit Perl
+
+=item Prototypes
+
+Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
+
+=back
+
+=item Perl Internals
=over
-=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
+=item magic_setisa
-$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
-filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
-files, directories and network sockets
+=item Garbage Collection
-=item Resource limits
+=item Reliable signals
-=item Killing the parent process
+Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
+sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
-=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
+=item Interpolated regex performance bugs
-=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
+=item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
-BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
-Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
-application, Thread-safety of extensions
+=item Make XS easier to use
-=back
+=item Make embedded Perl easier to use
-=item BUGS
+=item Namespace cleanup
-=item AUTHOR
+=item MULTIPLICITY
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item MacPerl
=back
-=head2 perlform - Perl formats
+=item Documentation
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item A clear division into tutorial and reference
-=over
+=item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
-=item Format Variables
+=item More tutorials
-=back
+Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
-=item NOTES
+=item Include a search tool
-=over
+=item Include a locate tool
-=item Footers
+=item Separate function manpages by default
-=item Accessing Formatting Internals
+=item Users can't find the manpages
-=back
+=item Install ALL Documentation
-=item WARNINGS
+=item Outstanding issues to be documented
+
+=item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
+
+=item Replace man with a perl program
+
+=item Unicode tutorial
=back
-=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
-localization)
+=item Modules
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
-=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
+=item Module versions
-=item USING LOCALES
+=item New modules
-=over
+=item Profiler
-=item The use locale pragma
+=item Tie Modules
-=item The setlocale function
+VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
-=item Finding locales
+=item Procedural options
-=item LOCALE PROBLEMS
+=item RPC
-=item Temporarily fixing locale problems
+=item y2k localtime/gmtime
-=item Permanently fixing locale problems
+=item Export File::Find variables
-=item Permanently fixing your locale configuration
+=item Ioctl
-=item Fixing system locale configuration
+=item Debugger attach/detach
-=item The localeconv function
+=item Regular Expression debugger
+
+=item Alternative RE Syntax
+
+=item Bundled modules
+
+=item Expect
+
+=item GUI::Native
+
+=item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
+
+=item POD Converters
+
+=item pod2html
+
+=item Podchecker
=back
-=item LOCALE CATEGORIES
+=item Tom's Wishes
=over
-=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
+=item Webperl
-=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
+=item Mobile agents
-=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
+=item POSIX on non-POSIX
-=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
+=item Portable installations
-=item LC_TIME
+=back
+
+=item Win32 Stuff
+
+=over
+
+=item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
+
+=item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
+
+=item Work out DLL versioning
+
+=item Style-check
+
+=back
+
+=item Would be nice to have
+
+C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
+perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
+BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
+should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
+debugger, lvalue functions
+
+=item Possible pragmas
+
+=over
-=item Other categories
+=item 'less'
=back
-=item SECURITY
+=item Optimizations
-B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
-B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>),
-B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
-B<Output formatting functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping
-functions> (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent
-functions> (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX
-character class tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(),
-islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
-isxdigit()):
+=over
-=item ENVIRONMENT
+=item constant function cache
-PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
-LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
+=item foreach(reverse...)
-=item NOTES
+=item Cache eval tree
-=over
+=item rcatmaybe
-=item Backward compatibility
+=item Shrink opcode tables
-=item I18N:Collate obsolete
+=item Cache hash value
-=item Sort speed and memory use impacts
+=item Optimize away @_ where possible
-=item write() and LC_NUMERIC
+=item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
-=item Freely available locale definitions
+=item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
-=item I18n and l10n
+=back
-=item An imperfect standard
+=item Vague possibilities
-=back
+ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
+Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
+threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
-=item BUGS
+=item To Do Or Not To Do
=over
-=item Broken systems
+=item Making my() work on "package" variables
-=back
+=item "or" testing defined not truth
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item "dynamic" lexicals
-=item HISTORY
+=item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
=back
-=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
+=item Threading
=over
-=item NOTE
-
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Modules
-=over
+=item Testing
-=item Making References
+=item $AUTOLOAD
-=item Using References
+=item exit/die
-=item Symbolic references
+=item External threads
-=item Not-so-symbolic references
+=item Thread::Pool
-=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
+=item thread-safety
-=item Function Templates
+=item Per-thread GVs
=back
-=item WARNING
+=item Compiler
-=item SEE ALSO
+=over
-=back
+=item Optimization
-=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
+=item Byteperl
-=over
+=item Precompiled modules
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Executables
-=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
+=item Typed lexicals
-=item The Solution
+=item Win32
-=item Syntax
+=item END blocks
-=over
+=item _AUTOLOAD
-=item Making References
+=item comppadlist
-=item Using References
+=item Cached compilation
=back
-=item An Example
+=item Recently Finished Tasks
-=item Arrow Rule
+=over
-=item Solution
+=item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
-=item The Rest
+=item Filenames
-=item Summary
+=item Foreign lines
-=item Credits
+=item Namespace cleanup
-=over
+=item ISA.pm
-=item Distribution Conditions
+=item gettimeofday
+
+=item autocroak?
=back
=back
-=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
+=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
-arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
-more elaborate constructs
+Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
+implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
+the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
+it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
+the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
+documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
+work?, Patches speak louder than words, L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and
+L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>, F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
-=item REFERENCES
+=over
-=item COMMON MISTAKES
+=item Finding Your Way Around
-=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
+Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
-=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
+=item Elements of the interpreter
-=item DEBUGGING
+Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
-=item CODE EXAMPLES
+=item Internal Variable Types
-=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
+=item Op Trees
-=over
+=item Stacks
-=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
+Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
-=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
+=item Millions of Macros
-=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
+=item Poking at Perl
-=back
+=item Using a source-level debugger
-=item HASHES OF ARRAYS
+run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
+finish, print
-=over
+=item Dumping Perl Data Structures
-=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
+=item Patching
-=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
+=item CONCLUSION
-=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
+I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
=back
-=item ARRAYS OF HASHES
+=item AUTHOR
-=over
+=back
-=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
+=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
-=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
+=over
-=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=back
+=item INTRODUCTION
-=item HASHES OF HASHES
+=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
=over
-=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
-
-=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
-
-=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
+=item PUMPKIN?
=back
-=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
+=item THE RECORDS
=over
-=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
-
-=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
+=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
-=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
+=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
=back
-=item Database Ties
-
-=item SEE ALSO
-
-=item AUTHOR
+=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
=back
-=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
+=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.8.0
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
+=item Core Enhancements
-=item Growing Your Own
+=item Modules and Pragmata
-=item Access and Printing
+=item Utility Changes
-=item Slices
+=item Improved Documentation
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Performance enhancements
-=item AUTHOR
+=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
+
+=over
+
+=item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
=back
-=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
+=item Platform specific changes
-=over
+=item Significant bug fixes
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item New or Changed Diagnostics
-=item Creating a Class
+(perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?), Ambiguous range in transliteration
+operator
-=over
+=item New tests
-=item Object Representation
+=item Incompatible Changes
-=item Class Interface
+=item Known Problems
-=item Constructors and Instance Methods
+=item Obsolete Diagnostics
-=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
+=item Reporting Bugs
-=item Destructors
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item Other Object Methods
+=item HISTORY
=back
-=item Class Data
+=head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
=over
-=item Accessing Class Data
-
-=item Debugging Methods
-
-=item Class Destructors
-
-=item Documenting the Interface
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=back
+=item Core Enhancements
-=item Aggregation
+=over
-=item Inheritance
+=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
-=over
+=item Lexically scoped warning categories
-=item Overridden Methods
+=item Unicode and UTF-8 support
-=item Multiple Inheritance
+=item Support for interpolating named characters
-=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
+=item "our" declarations
-=back
+=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
-=item Alternate Object Representations
+=item Improved Perl version numbering system
-=over
+=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
-=item Arrays as Objects
+=item File and directory handles can be autovivified
-=item Closures as Objects
+=item open() with more than two arguments
-=back
+=item 64-bit support
-=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
+=item Large file support
-=over
+=item Long doubles
-=item Autoloaded Data Methods
+=item "more bits"
-=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
+=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
-=back
+=item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
-=item Metaclassical Tools
+=item File globbing implemented internally
-=over
+=item Support for CHECK blocks
-=item Class::Struct
+=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
-=item Data Members as Variables
+=item Better pseudo-random number generator
-=item NOTES
+=item Improved C<qw//> operator
-=item Object Terminology
+=item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
-=back
+=item pack() format 'Z' supported
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item pack() format modifier '!' supported
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
-=item COPYRIGHT
+=item Comments in pack() templates
-=over
+=item Weak references
-=item Acknowledgments
+=item Binary numbers supported
-=back
+=item Lvalue subroutines
-=back
+=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
-=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
+=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
-=over
+=item exists() is supported on subroutine names
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
-=item Class Data as Package Variables
+=item Pseudo-hashes work better
-=over
+=item Automatic flushing of output buffers
-=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
+=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
-=item Inheritance Concerns
+=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
-=item The Eponymous Meta-Object
+=item eof() has the same old magic as <>
-=item Indirect References to Class Data
+=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
-=item Monadic Classes
+=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
-=item Translucent Attributes
+=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
-=back
+=item Improved diagnostics
-=item Class Data as Lexical Variables
+=item Diagnostics follow STDERR
-=over
+=item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
-=item Privacy and Responsibility
+=item syswrite() ease-of-use
-=item File-Scoped Lexicals
+=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
-=item More Inheritance Concerns
+=item Bit operators support full native integer width
-=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
+=item Improved security features
-=item Translucency Revisited
+=item More functional bareword prototype (*)
-=back
+=item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
-=item NOTES
+=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
-=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
+=item Optional Y2K warnings
-=item HISTORY
+=item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
=back
-=head2 perlobj - Perl objects
+=item Modules and Pragmata
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Modules
-=over
+attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
+DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
+Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
+File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
+Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
+podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
+pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
+Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
-=item An Object is Simply a Reference
+=item Pragmata
-=item A Class is Simply a Package
+=back
-=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
+=item Utility Changes
-=item Method Invocation
+=over
-=item WARNING
+=item dprofpp
-=item Default UNIVERSAL methods
+=item find2perl
-isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
+=item h2xs
-=item Destructors
+=item perlcc
-=item Summary
+=item perldoc
-=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
+=item The Perl Debugger
=back
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Improved Documentation
-=back
+perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
+perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
+perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
+perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
-=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
+=item Performance enhancements
=over
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
-=over
+=item Faster subroutine calls
-=item Tying Scalars
+=item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
-TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
+=back
-=item Tying Arrays
+=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
-TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
-DESTROY this
+=over
-=item Tying Hashes
+=item -Dusethreads means something different
-USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
-this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
-this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
+=item New Configure flags
-=item Tying FileHandles
+=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
-TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
-LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this
+=item Long Doubles
-=item The C<untie> Gotcha
+=item -Dusemorebits
-=back
+=item -Duselargefiles
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item installusrbinperl
-=item BUGS
+=item SOCKS support
-=item AUTHOR
+=item C<-A> flag
+
+=item Enhanced Installation Directories
=back
-=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
+=item Platform specific changes
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Supported platforms
-=item OO SCALING TIPS
+=item DOS
-=item INSTANCE VARIABLES
+=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
-=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
+=item VMS
-=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
+=item Win32
-=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
+=back
-=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
+=item Significant bug fixes
-=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
+=over
-=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
+=item <HANDLE> on empty files
-=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
+=item C<eval '...'> improvements
-=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
+=item All compilation errors are true errors
-=item DELEGATION
+=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
-=back
+=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
-=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
-safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
+=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
-=over
+=item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
-=item Signals
+=item Failures in DESTROY()
-=item Named Pipes
+=item Locale bugs fixed
-=over
+=item Memory leaks
-=item WARNING
+=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
-=back
+=item Taint failures under C<-U>
-=item Using open() for IPC
+=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
-=over
+=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
-=item Filehandles
+=back
-=item Background Processes
+=item New or Changed Diagnostics
-=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
+"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
+implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
+/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
+by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
+\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
+passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
+early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
+argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
+subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
+%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
+substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
+Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
+size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
+filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
+Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
+Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
+remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
+weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
+syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
+constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
+defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
+"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
+%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
+output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
+explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
+Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
+|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
+number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
+%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
+separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
+subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
+returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
+%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
+No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
+No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
+is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
+panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
+around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
+Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
+instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
+Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
+Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
+zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
+Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
+environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
+'%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
+escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
+list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
+subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
+CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
-=item Safe Pipe Opens
+=item New tests
-=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
+=item Incompatible Changes
-=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
+=over
-=back
+=item Perl Source Incompatibilities
-=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
+CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
+Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
+C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
+generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
+read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
+Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), values() and
+C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS)
+enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed,
+C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator,
+Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit
+operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their
+results
-=over
+=item C Source Incompatibilities
-=item Internet Line Terminators
+C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
-=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
+=item Compatible C Source API Changes
-=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
+C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
+
+=item Binary Incompatibilities
=back
-=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
+=item Known Problems
=over
-=item A Simple Client
+=item Thread test failures
-C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
+=item EBCDIC platforms not supported
-=item A Webget Client
+=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
-=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
+=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
-=back
+=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
+gcc
-=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
+=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
-Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
+=item Arrow operator and arrays
-=item UDP: Message Passing
+=item Experimental features
-=item SysV IPC
+Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
+pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
+globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })>
+and C<(??{ code })>
-=item NOTES
+=back
-=item BUGS
+=item Obsolete Diagnostics
-=item AUTHOR
+Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
+logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
+\@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
+to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
+
+=item Reporting Bugs
=item SEE ALSO
+=item HISTORY
+
=back
-=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
+=head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
=over
-=item SYNOPSIS
-
=item DESCRIPTION
-B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
-B<filter_fetch_value>
+=item About the new versioning system
+
+=item Incompatible Changes
=over
-=item The Filter
+=item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
-=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
+=item Default installation structure has changed
-=item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
+=item Perl Source Compatibility
-=back
+=item C Source Compatibility
-=item SEE ALSO
+Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global variables must
+now be referenced with an explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source
+compatibility issues
-=item AUTHOR
+=item Binary Compatibility
+
+=item Security fixes may affect compatibility
+
+=item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
+
+=item Licensing
=back
-=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
+=item Core Changes
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Threads
-=item The Perl Debugger
+=item Compiler
-=over
+=item Regular Expressions
-=item Debugger Commands
+Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
+constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
+improvements, Incompatible changes
-h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
-[expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
-subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
-t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
-[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
-command, A, W [expr], W, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?]..,
-C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
-C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
-C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
-C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
-C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
-C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ],
-E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command, E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{
-command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R,
-|dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, m package
+=item Improved malloc()
-=item Debugger input/output
+=item Quicksort is internally implemented
-Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
+=item Reliable signals
-=item Debugging compile-time statements
+=item Reliable stack pointers
-=item Debugger Customization
+=item More generous treatment of carriage returns
-=item Readline Support
+=item Memory leaks
-=item Editor Support for Debugging
+=item Better support for multiple interpreters
-=item The Perl Profiler
+=item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
-=item Debugger support in perl
+=item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
-=item Debugger Internals
+=item Pseudo-hashes are supported
-=item Other resources
+=item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
-=item BUGS
+=item Keywords can be globally overridden
-=back
+=item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
-=item Debugging Perl memory usage
+=item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
-=over
+=item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
-=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
+=item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
-C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
-SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
-6144>
+=item Better locale support
-=item Example of using B<-DL> switch
+=item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
-C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
+=item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
-=item B<-DL> details
+=item Extended support for exception handling
-C<!!!>, C<!!>, C<!>
+=item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
-=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistic
+=item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
-=back
+=item New C<INIT> keyword
-=item Debugging regular expressions
+=item New C<lock> keyword
-=over
+=item New C<qr//> operator
-=item Compile-time output
+=item C<our> is now a reserved word
-C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
-I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
-I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
-C<anchored(TYPE)>
+=item Tied arrays are now fully supported
-=item Types of nodes
+=item Tied handles support is better
-=item Run-time output
+=item 4th argument to substr
-=back
+=item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
+
+=item Magic lvalues are now more magical
+
+=item <> now reads in records
=back
-=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
+=item Supported Platforms
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item New Platforms
+
+=item Changes in existing support
=back
-=head2 perlsec - Perl security
+=item Modules and Pragmata
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item New Modules
-=over
+B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
+ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
+Thread, attrs, fields, re
-=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
+=item Changes in existing modules
-=item Switches On the "#!" Line
+Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
+MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark
-=item Cleaning Up Your Path
+=back
-=item Security Bugs
+=item Utility Changes
-=item Protecting Your Programs
+=item Documentation Changes
-=back
+=item New Diagnostics
+
+Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
+while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
+package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
+filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
+goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
+Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
+for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
+Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
+class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
+insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
+Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
+package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
+field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
+large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
+detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s', Reference found
+where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use
+of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
+
+=item Obsolete Diagnostics
+
+Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
+temporary file, regexp too big
+
+=item Configuration Changes
+
+=item BUGS
=item SEE ALSO
+=item HISTORY
+
=back
-=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
+=head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Supported Environments
+
+=item Core Changes
+
=over
-=item Awk Traps
+=item List assignment to %ENV works
+
+=item "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error now lists @INC
+
+=item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
+
+=item $PERL5OPT environment variable
+
+=item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
-=item C Traps
+=item More precise warnings
-=item Sed Traps
+=item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
-=item Shell Traps
+=item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
-=item Perl Traps
+=item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
-=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
+=item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
-Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
-Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
-Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
-Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
+=item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
-=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
+=item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
-Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
-Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
-Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
+=item No resetting of $. on implicit close
-=item Parsing Traps
+=item C<wantarray> may return undef
-Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
+=item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
-=item Numerical Traps
+=item Changes to tainting checks
-Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
+No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
+spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
-=item General data type traps
+=item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
-(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
-(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
+=item Embedding improvements
-=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
+=item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
-(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
+=item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
-=item Precedence Traps
+=item New and changed syntax
-Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
-Precedence
+$coderef->(PARAMS)
-=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
+=item New and changed builtin constants
-Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
-Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
-Regular Expression
+__PACKAGE__
-=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
+=item New and changed builtin variables
-(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
+$^E, $^H, $^M
-=item OS Traps
+=item New and changed builtin functions
-(SysV), (SysV)
+delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
+Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
+VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
+reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
+nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
-=item Interpolation Traps
+=item New builtin methods
-Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
-Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
+isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
-=item DBM Traps
+=item TIEHANDLE now supported
-DBM, DBM
+TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
+LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
-=item Unclassified Traps
+=item Malloc enhancements
-C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
-LIMIT specified
+-DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
-=back
+=item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
=back
-=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
+=item Support for More Operating Systems
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Win32
-Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
-portable
+=item Plan 9
-=item ISSUES
+=item QNX
-=over
+=item AmigaOS
-=item Newlines
+=back
-=item Numbers endianness and Width
+=item Pragmata
-=item Files and Filesystems
+use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
+constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
-=item System Interaction
+=item Modules
-=item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
+=over
-=item External Subroutines (XS)
+=item Required Updates
-=item Standard Modules
+=item Installation directories
-=item Time and Date
+=item Module information summary
-=item Character sets and character encoding
+=item Fcntl
-=item Internationalisation
+=item IO
-=item System Resources
+=item Math::Complex
-=item Security
+=item Math::Trig
-=item Style
+=item DB_File
-=back
+=item Net::Ping
-=item CPAN Testers
+=item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
-Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
-C<http://www.perl.org/cpan-testers/>
+=back
-=item PLATFORMS
+=item Utility Changes
=over
-=item Unix
-
-=item DOS and Derivatives
-
-The djgpp environment for DOS, C<http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/>, The EMX
-environment for DOS, OS/2, etc.
-C<emx@iaehv.nl>,C<http://www.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emx+gcc/index.
-html> or
-C<ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/dev/emx>, Build instructions for Win32,
-L<perlwin32>, The ActiveState Pages, C<http://www.activestate.com/>, The
-Cygwin environment for Win32;
-L<README.cygwin>,C<http://sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/>, The U/WIN
-environment for Win32,C<http://www.research.att.com/sw/tools/uwin/>
+=item pod2html
-=item S<Mac OS>
+Sends converted HTML to standard output
-The MacPerl Pages, C<http://www.macperl.com/>, The MacPerl mailing lists,
-C<http://www.macperl.org/>, MacPerl Module Porters,
-C<http://pudge.net/mmp/>
+=item xsubpp
-=item VMS
+C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
-L<README.vms>, L<perlvms.pod>, vmsperl list, C<majordomo@perl.org>, vmsperl
-on the web, C<http://www.sidhe.org/vmsperl/index.html>
+=back
-=item VOS
+=item C Language API Changes
-L<README.vos>, VOS mailing list, VOS Perl on the web at
-C<http://ftp.stratus.com/pub/vos/vos.html>
+C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
+manipulating hashes
-=item EBCDIC Platforms
+=item Documentation Changes
-L<README.os390>, L<README.posix-bc>, L<README.vmesa>, perl-mvs list, AS/400
-Perl information at C<http://as400.rochester.ibm.com/>as well as on CPAN in
-the F<ports/> directory
+L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
+L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
+
+=item New Diagnostics
+
+"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
+not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
+large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
+nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
+Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
+subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
+use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
+subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
+not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
+long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
+%s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
+internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
+in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
+possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
+memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
+attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
+with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
+while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for
+"B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist,
+Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to
+mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with
+defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay
+shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in
+prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX,
+PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
-=item Acorn RISC OS
+=item BUGS
-=item Other perls
+=item SEE ALSO
-Amiga, L<README.amiga>, Atari, L<README.mint> and Guido Flohr's web
-pageC<http://stud.uni-sb.de/~gufl0000/>, Be OS, L<README.beos>, HP 300
-MPE/iX, L<README.mpeix> and Mark Bixby's web
-pageC<http://www.cccd.edu/~markb/perlix.html>, Novell Netware, Plan 9,
-L<README.plan9>
+=item HISTORY
=back
-=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
+=head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS (possibly very outdated information)
=over
-=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-
--I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown
-LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
-HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
-flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid,
-getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME,
-getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber
-NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent,
-getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent
-STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN,
-endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
-getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl
-FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat
-FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
-ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
-FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
-RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
-KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
-WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl
-ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite
-ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat
-FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
-FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
-FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
-wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
+=item SYNOPSIS
=back
-=item CHANGES
+=over
-v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
-May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
-1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
-1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
-v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
+=over
-=item VERSION
+=item Prerequisites
-=back
+B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
-=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
+=item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
-=over
+=item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
-=item DESCRIPTION
+fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file
+dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask()
+works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is
+finally close()d
=back
-=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
+=item INSTALLATION
+
+=item Accessing documentation
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Manpages
-=over
+=item B<HTML>
-=item Verbatim Paragraph
+=item B<GNU> C<info> files
-=item Command Paragraph
+=item C<LaTeX> docs
-=item Ordinary Block of Text
+=back
-=item The Intent
+=item BUILD
-=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
+=over
-=item Common Pod Pitfalls
+=item Prerequisites
-=back
+=item Getting the perl source
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Making
-=item AUTHOR
+=item Testing
-=back
+=item Installing the built perl
-=head2 perlbook - Perl book information
+=back
-=over
+=item AUTHOR
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
+=head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item PREREQUISITES
=over
-=item PREAMBLE
+=item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
-B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
-Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
+=item Cygwin Configuration
-=item ROADMAP
+C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
-=item Compiling your C program
+=back
-=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
+=item CONFIGURE
-=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
+=over
-=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
+=item Strip Binaries
-=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
+=item Optional Libraries
-=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
+C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
+C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
-=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
+=item Configure-time Options
-=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
+C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
+C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
-=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
-program
+=item Suspicious Warnings
+
+I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Checking how std your stdio is..,
+Compiler/Preprocessor defines
=back
-=item Embedding Perl under Win32
+=item MAKE
-=item MORAL
+=over
-=item AUTHOR
+=item Warnings
-=item COPYRIGHT
+=item ld2
=back
-=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
+=item TEST
=over
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item File Permissions
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Hard Links
-B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
-B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
-B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
-B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
-B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
-B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
-B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
+=item Filetime Granularity
-=over
+=item Tainting Checks
-=item Co-existence with stdio
+=item /etc/group
-B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
-B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
+=item Script Portability
+
+Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
=back
+=item INSTALL
+
+=item MANIFEST
+
+Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
+Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item AUTHORS
+
+=item HISTORY
+
=back
-=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
+=head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
=over
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item Introduction
+=item Prerequisites
-=item On The Road
+DJGPP, Pthreads
-=item The Anatomy of an XSUB
+=item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
-=item The Argument Stack
+=item Building
-=item The RETVAL Variable
+=item Testing
-=item The MODULE Keyword
+=item Installation
-=item The PACKAGE Keyword
+=back
-=item The PREFIX Keyword
+=item AUTHOR
-=item The OUTPUT: Keyword
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item The CODE: Keyword
+=back
-=item The INIT: Keyword
+=head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
+(HP-UX) systems
-=item The NO_INIT Keyword
+=over
-=item Initializing Function Parameters
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Default Parameter Values
+=over
-=item The PREINIT: Keyword
+=item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
-=item The SCOPE: Keyword
+=item PA-RISC
-=item The INPUT: Keyword
+=item PA-RISC 1.0
-=item Variable-length Parameter Lists
+=item PA-RISC 1.1
-=item The C_ARGS: Keyword
+=item PA-RISC 2.0
-=item The PPCODE: Keyword
+=item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
-=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
+=item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
-=item The REQUIRE: Keyword
+=item The HP ANSI C Compiler
-=item The CLEANUP: Keyword
+=item Using Large Files with Perl
-=item The BOOT: Keyword
+=item Threaded Perl
-=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
+=item 64-bit Perl
-=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
+=item GDBM and Threads
-=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
+=item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
-=item The ALIAS: Keyword
+=item perl -P and //
-=item The INTERFACE: Keyword
+=back
-=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
+=item AUTHOR
-=item The INCLUDE: Keyword
+=item DATE
-=item The CASE: Keyword
+=back
-=item The & Unary Operator
+=head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
+systems
-=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
+=over
-=item Using XS With C++
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Interface Strategy
+=over
-=item Perl Objects And C Structures
+=item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
-=item The Typemap
+=item Failures during C<make test>
-=back
+op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
-=item EXAMPLES
+=item Building external modules
-=item XS VERSION
+=back
=item AUTHOR
+=item DATE
+
=back
-=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
+=head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
+
+=over
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=back
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Target
-=item SPECIAL NOTES
+=item Other OSes
-=over
+=item Prerequisites
-=item make
+EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
-=item Version caveat
+=item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
-=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
+=item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
=back
-=item TUTORIAL
-
=over
-=item EXAMPLE 1
-
-=item EXAMPLE 2
+=item Frequently asked questions
-=item What has gone on?
+=over
-=item Writing good test scripts
+=item I cannot run external programs
-=item EXAMPLE 3
+=item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
+program.
-=item What's new here?
+Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
+L<ExtUtils::Embed>?
-=item Input and Output Parameters
+=item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
-=item The XSUBPP Program
+=item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
-=item The TYPEMAP file
+=back
-=item Warning about Output Arguments
+=item INSTALLATION
-=item EXAMPLE 4
+=over
-=item What has happened here?
+=item Automatic binary installation
-=item Anatomy of .xs file
+C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
-=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
+=item Manual binary installation
-=item More about XSUB arguments
+Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
+(statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
+Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
+and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
+Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
-=item The Argument Stack
+=item B<Warning>
-=item Extending your Extension
+=back
-=item Documenting your Extension
+=item Accessing documentation
-=item Installing your Extension
+=over
-=item EXAMPLE 5
+=item OS/2 F<.INF> file
-=item New Things in this Example
+=item Plain text
-=item EXAMPLE 6 (Coming Soon)
+=item Manpages
-=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
+=item HTML
-=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
+=item GNU C<info> files
-=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
+=item F<.PDF> files
-=item Troubleshooting these Examples
+=item C<LaTeX> docs
=back
-=item See also
-
-=item Author
+=item BUILD
=over
-=item Last Changed
+=item Prerequisites
-=back
+=item Getting perl source
-=back
+=item Application of the patches
-=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
+=item Hand-editing
-=over
+=item Making
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Testing
-=item Variables
+A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
+F<lib/io_pipe.t>, F<lib/io_sock.t>, F<op/stat.t>, F<lib/io_udp.t>
-=over
+=item Installing the built perl
-=item Datatypes
+=item C<a.out>-style build
-=item What is an "IV"?
+=back
-=item Working with SVs
+=item Build FAQ
-=item What's Really Stored in an SV?
+=over
-=item Working with AVs
+=item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
-=item Working with HVs
+=item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
-=item Hash API Extensions
+=item Problems with tr or sed
-=item References
+=item Some problem (forget which ;-)
-=item Blessed References and Class Objects
+=item Library ... not found
-=item Creating New Variables
+=item Segfault in make
-=item Reference Counts and Mortality
+=back
-=item Stashes and Globs
+=item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
-=item Double-Typed SVs
+=over
-=item Magic Variables
+=item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
-=item Assigning Magic
+=item C<system()>
-=item Magic Virtual Tables
+=item C<extproc> on the first line
-=item Finding Magic
+=item Additional modules:
-=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
+=item Prebuilt methods:
-=item Localizing changes
+C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
+ C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
+C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
+C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
+C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
+C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>
-C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
-C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
-*op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
-*key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
-*p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>,
-C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV
-*gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
-maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>,
-C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
+=item Misfeatures
+
+=item Modifications
+
+C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<flock>
=back
-=item Subroutines
+=item Perl flavors
=over
-=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
+=item F<perl.exe>
-=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
+=item F<perl_.exe>
-=item Memory Allocation
+=item F<perl__.exe>
-=item PerlIO
+=item F<perl___.exe>
-=item Putting a C value on Perl stack
+=item Why strange names?
-=item Scratchpads
+=item Why dynamic linking?
-=item Scratchpads and recursion
+=item Why chimera build?
+
+explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|"
=back
-=item Compiled code
+=item ENVIRONMENT
=over
-=item Code tree
+=item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
-=item Examining the tree
+=item C<PERL_BADLANG>
-=item Compile pass 1: check routines
+=item C<PERL_BADFREE>
-=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
+=item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
-=item Compile pass 2: context propagation
+=item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
-=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
+=item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
=back
-=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
+=item Evolution
=over
-=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
+=item Priorities
-=item How do I use all this in extensions?
+=item DLL name mangling
-=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
+=item Threading
-=back
+=item Calls to external programs
-=item AUTHORS
+=item Memory allocation
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Threads
+
+C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
=back
-=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
+=back
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
-
-An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
+=item AUTHOR
-=item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
+=item SEE ALSO
-perl_call_sv, perl_call_pv, perl_call_method, perl_call_argv
+=back
-=item FLAG VALUES
+=head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
=over
-=item G_VOID
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item G_SCALAR
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item G_ARRAY
+=over
-=item G_DISCARD
+=item Unpacking
-=item G_NOARGS
+=item Setup and utilities
-=item G_EVAL
+=item Configure
-=item G_KEEPERR
+=item Build, test, install
-=item Determining the Context
+=item Usage Hints
+
+=item Extensions
=back
-=item KNOWN PROBLEMS
+=item AUTHORS
-=item EXAMPLES
+=item SEE ALSO
=over
-=item No Parameters, Nothing returned
-
-=item Passing Parameters
+=item Mailing list
-=item Returning a Scalar
+=back
-=item Returning a list of values
+=item HISTORY
-=item Returning a list in a scalar context
+=back
-=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
+=head2 perlposix-bc, README.posix-bc - building and installing Perl for
+BS2000 POSIX.
-=item Using G_EVAL
+=over
-=item Using G_KEEPERR
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item Using perl_call_sv
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Using perl_call_argv
+=over
-=item Using perl_call_method
+=item gzip
-=item Using GIMME_V
+=item bison
-=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
+=item Unpacking
-=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
+=item Compiling
-1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
-callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
-callback
+=item Testing
-=item Alternate Stack Manipulation
+=item Install
-=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
+=item Using Perl
=back
+=item AUTHORS
+
=item SEE ALSO
-=item AUTHOR
+=over
-=item DATE
+=item Mailing list
=back
-=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
+=item HISTORY
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Installation
+
+=item Organization of Perl Images
+
=over
-=item Layout
+=item Core Images
-B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
+=item Perl Extensions
+
+=item Installing static extensions
+
+=item Installing dynamic extensions
=back
-=item Using The Back Ends
+=item File specifications
=over
-=item The Cross Referencing Back End (B::Xref)
-
-i, &, s, r
+=item Syntax
-=item The Decompiling Back End
+=item Wildcard expansion
-=item The Lint Back End (B::Lint)
+=item Pipes
-=item The Simple C Back End
+=back
-=item The Bytecode Back End
+=item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
-=item The Optimized C Back End
+=item Command line
-B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
-B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
-B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
+=over
-=back
+=item I/O redirection and backgrounding
-=item KNOWN PROBLEMS
+=item Command line switches
-=item AUTHOR
+-i, -S, -u
=back
-=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
+=item Perl functions
-=over
+File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
+exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
+(system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
+LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Perl variables
-AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
-av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
-call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS,
-dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS,
-get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
-gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
-G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
-HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
-hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
-hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
-hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
-isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number,
-MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical,
-mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc,
-NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv,
-newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK,
-perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
-PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, PL_na,
-PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi,
-PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv,
-RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
-strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set,
-SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only,
-SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
-SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off,
-SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT,
-SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC,
-SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off,
-SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV,
-SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless,
-sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg,
-sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq,
-sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_magic,
-sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg,
-sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
-sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
-sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref,
-sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS,
-toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS,
-XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
-XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV,
-XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
+%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
-=item AUTHORS
+=item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
-=item SEE ALSO
+=over
+
+=item SDBM_File
=back
-=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
- Perl functions
+=item Revision date
-=over
+=item AUTHOR
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=back
-=item AUTHORS
+=head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
-=item SEE ALSO
+=over
-=back
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
+=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Setting Up
-=item INTRODUCTION
+Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
-=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
+=item Building
-=over
+=item Testing
-=item PUMPKIN?
+=item Installation
-=back
+=item Usage Hints
-=item THE RECORDS
+Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
+Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
+Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
-=over
+=back
-=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
+=item BUGS AND CAVEATS
-=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
+=item AUTHORS
-=back
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
+=item HISTORY
=back
=item Built-in Attributes
-locked, method
+locked, method, lvalue
=item Available Subroutines
=back
-=head2 byte - Perl pragma to turn force treating strings as bytes not
-UNICODE
-
-=over
-
-=item SYNOPSIS
-
-=item DESCRIPTION
-
-=back
-
-=head2 caller - inherit pragmatic attributes from the context of the caller
+=head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
+semantics
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
-encoding
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
=item DESCRIPTION
+new, phash
+
=item SEE ALSO
=back
=item SYNOPSIS
- $can_perhaps_read = -r "file"; # use the mode bits
- {
- use filetest 'access'; # intuit harder
- $can_really_read = -r "file";
- }
- $can_perhaps_read = -r "file"; # use the mode bits again
-
=item DESCRIPTION
=over
=item SEE ALSO
-=item AUTHOR
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=back
+
+=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
+operations
+
+=over
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
=back
-=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
-operations
+=head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
=back
=head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
=back
-=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to turn on UTF-8 and Unicode support
+=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item CAVEATS
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
=item DESCRIPTION
+use warnings::register, warnings::enabled([$category]),
+warnings::warn([$category,] $message)
+
=back
+=head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
+
=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
=item Package Lexicals
+=item Not Using AutoLoader
+
=item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
=back
=item B::GV METHODS
-NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV,
-GvREFCNT, FLAGS
+is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE,
+FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
=item B::IO METHODS
=item OPTIONS
B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
-B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>
+B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
=item EXAMPLES
=back
+=head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
+
=head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
=over
=item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
-1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. Forexample,
+1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. For example,
-value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values,
3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values'
=item PRAGMAS
--any, -compile, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug,
--private_tempfiles
+-any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls,
+-autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
=item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
=item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
+=item AUTOESCAPING HTML
+
+$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
+charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
+
=item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
=back
=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
-B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
-and may be
-TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
+B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
+type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
-B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
-name as a partial URL, for self-refering
-scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
-()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
-B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
+B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
+name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
+()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_software ()>,
+B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>,
+B<http()>, B<https()>
=item USING NPH SCRIPTS
=item Server Push
-multipart_init()
- multipart_init(-boundary=>$boundary);, multipart_start(), multipart_end()
+multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end()
=item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
=back
+=item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
+
=item CHANGE LOG
=item AUTHORS
=item Interactive Mode
Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
-install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
+install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
distribution, Signals
=item CPAN::Shell
=item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
-=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
+=item Programmer's interface
expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
=item CONFIGURATION
-o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
-E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
-[shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
-E<lt>listE<gt>
+C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
+E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
+optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
+[unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
=over
=item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
+=over
+
+=item Three basic types of firewalls
+
http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
+=item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going throught the firewall
+
+=back
+
+=item FAQ
+
+I installed a new version of module X but CPAN keeps saying, I have
+the old version installed, So why is UNINST=1 not the default?, When I
+install bundles or multiple modules with one command there is too
+much output to keep track of
+
=item BUGS
=item AUTHOR
C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
-C<d_endsent>, C<d_endspent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>,
-C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
-C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>,
-C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>,
-C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getgrent>,
-C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>,
-C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
-C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
-C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>,
-C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
-C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>,
-C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspent>, C<d_getspnam>,
+C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
+C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>,
+C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>,
+C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>,
+C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
+C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
+C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
+C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>,
+C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>,
+C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>,
+C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
+C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
+C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
-C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_killpg>,
-C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
-C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
+C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
+C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
+C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
+C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
-C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_msg>,
+C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
+C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
-C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nvpresuv>, C<d_off64_t>,
-C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
-C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>,
-C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEldbl>,
-C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>,
-C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIX64>, C<d_pthread_yield>,
-C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>,
-C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
+C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
+C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
+C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
+C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
+C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
+C<d_PRIFldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
+C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIX64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>,
+C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>,
+C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
C<d_readlink>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
C<d_setprior>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
-C<d_setsid>, C<d_setspent>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
+C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
-C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>,
-C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
-C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
-C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
-C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
-C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
-C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
-C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
+C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_sqrtl>,
+C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
+C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>,
+C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>,
+C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
+C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
+C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>,
+C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>,
-C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorbin>,
-C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
-C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
-C<d_wctomb>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
-C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
-C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
+C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
+C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
+C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
+C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
+C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>,
+C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
=item e
C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
-C<i_grp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
-C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
-C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_pthread>,
-C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
-C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sysaccess>,
-C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>,
-C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
-C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
+C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>,
+C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>,
+C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>,
+C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>,
+C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>,
+C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>,
+C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>,
+C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>,
+C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
-C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
-C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
-C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
-C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
-C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
-C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
-C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
-C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
+C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
+C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
+C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
+C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
+C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
+C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
+C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
+C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
+C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
=item k
=item l
C<large>, C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldlibpthname>, C<less>,
-C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libswanted>,
-C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>,
-C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>,
-C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
+C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
+C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>, C<line>, C<lint>,
+C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
+C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
+C<lseektype>
=item m
=item M
-C<Mcc>, C<medium>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<models>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
-C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
+C<Mcc>, C<medium>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<models>,
+C<modetype>, C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>,
+C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
=item n
=item o
C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
-C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>
+C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
=item p
-C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl>
+C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
+C<perl>
=item P
C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
-C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>, C<pmake>, C<pr>,
-C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>,
-C<ptrsize>
+C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>, C<pm_apiversion>,
+C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>,
+C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
=item q
=item r
-C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>, C<rm>,
-C<rmail>, C<runnm>
+C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
+C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
=item s
C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<signal_t>,
C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>,
-C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>,
-C<smail>, C<small>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<sort>,
-C<spackage>, C<spitshell>, C<split>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>,
-C<sPRIEldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGldbl>,
-C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIX64>, C<src>,
-C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>,
-C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
-C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>,
-C<sysman>
+C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>,
+C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<small>, C<so>,
+C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
+C<spitshell>, C<split>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEldbl>,
+C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGldbl>, C<sPRIi64>,
+C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIX64>, C<src>, C<ssizetype>,
+C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
+C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
+C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
=item t
C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
-C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bits>, C<usedl>,
-C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<uselonglong>,
-C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>,
-C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>,
-C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>,
-C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>
+C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
+C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
+C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
+C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
+C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
+C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
+C<uvxformat>
=item v
-C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlibexp>,
-C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
+C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
+C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
+C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
=item x
-C<xlibpth>
+C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
=item z
=item Methods
I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
-I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dumpxs I<or>
-I<PACKAGE>->Dumpxs(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>),
-I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
-I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Reset
+I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
+I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
+I<$OBJ>->Reset
=item Functions
-Dumper(I<LIST>), DumperX(I<LIST>)
+Dumper(I<LIST>)
=item Configuration Variables or Methods
@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
-dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
+dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
bootstrap()
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item PERFORMANCE
+
=back
-=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
+=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
+arrays
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item LIMITATIONS
+
=item AUTHOR
=back
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item CAVEATS
+
=item AUTHOR
=item COPYRIGHT
=item DESCRIPTION
-C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<follow>, C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>,
-C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
+C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
+C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
+C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
=item CAVEAT
path
+splitpath
+
+splitdir
+
+catpath
+
+abs2rel
+
+rel2abs
+
=over
=item SEE ALSO
no_upwards
+case_tolerant
+
file_name_is_absolute
path
=item Methods always loaded
-catdir
+canonpath (override)
=back
+catdir
+
catfile
curdir (override)
updir (override)
+case_tolerant (override)
+
path (override)
file_name_is_absolute (override)
+splitpath (override)
+
+splitdir (override)
+
+catpath (override)
+
+abs2rel (override)
+
+rel2abs (override)
+
=over
=item SEE ALSO
catpath
-abs2rel
+=over
-rel2abs
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=back
+
+=head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
+
+=over
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=back
+
+=over
+
+=item FUNCTIONS
+
+B<tempfile>
+
+=back
+
+B<tempdir>
+
+=over
+
+=item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
+
+B<mkstemp>
+
+=back
+
+B<mkstemps>
+
+B<mkdtemp>
+
+B<mktemp>
+
+=over
+
+=item POSIX FUNCTIONS
+
+B<tmpnam>
+
+=back
+
+B<tmpfile>
+
+=over
+
+=item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
+
+B<tempnam>
+
+=back
=over
+=item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
+
+B<unlink0>
+
+=back
+
+=over
+
+=item PACKAGE VARIABLES
+
+B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
+
+=back
+
+TopSystemUID
+
+=over
+
+=item WARNING
+
+=item HISTORY
+
=item SEE ALSO
+=item AUTHOR
+
=back
=head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
=back
-=head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
-options
+=head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
-!, +, :s, :i, :f
+=item Command Line Options, an Introduction
+
+=item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
=over
-=item Linkage specification
+=item Simple options
-=item Aliases and abbreviations
+=item A little bit less simple options
-=item Non-option call-back routine
+=item Mixing command line option with other arguments
-=item Option starters
+=item Options with values
-=item Return values and Errors
+=item Options with multiple values
+
+=item Options with hash values
+
+=item User-defined subroutines to handle options
+
+=item Options with multiple names
+
+=item Case and abbreviations
+
+=item Summary of Option Specifications
+
+!, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
=back
-=item COMPATIBILITY
+=item Advanced Possibilities
-=item EXAMPLES
+=over
+
+=item Object oriented interface
+
+=item Documentation and help texts
+
+=item Storing options in a hash
-=item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
+=item Bundling
-default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
-(default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
-(default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
-reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset)
+=item The lonesome dash
-=item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
+=item Argument call-back
-$Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
+=back
+
+=item Configuring Getopt::Long
+
+default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute,
+bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled),
+ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled),
+pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default:
+disabled)
+
+=item Return values and Errors
+
+=item Legacy
+
+=over
+
+=item Default destinations
+
+=item Alternative option starters
+
+=item Configuration variables
+
+=back
+
+=item Trouble Shooting
+
+=over
+
+=item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
+
+=item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
+supplied
+
+=back
=item AUTHOR
=item STRINGIFICATION
+=over
+
+=item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
+
+=back
+
=item USAGE
=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
-strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
-strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
-tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
-tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
-ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
-wcstombs, wctomb, write
+strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
+strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
+tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
+tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
+unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
+wctomb, write
=item CLASSES
Constants, Macros
-=item CREATION
-
=back
=head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
=over
-=item Options
+=item podchecker()
B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item DIAGNOSTICS
+
=over
+=item Errors
+
+empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
+previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
+without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
+unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
+interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
+I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
+number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
+empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
+after =back
+
=item Warnings
-=back
+multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
+whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric
+argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item
+paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one> vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped
+C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument
+for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME
+section
-=item DIAGNOSTICS
+=item Hyperlinks
+
+collapsing newlines to blanks, ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in
+link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains
+non-escaped | or /
+
+=back
=item RETURN VALUE
=item EXAMPLES
+=item INTERFACE
+
+=back
+
+C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
+
+C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
+@args )>
+
+C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
+
+C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
+
+C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
+
+C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
+
+C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
+
+=over
+
=item AUTHOR
=back
-=head2 Pod::Checker, Pod::Hyperlink - class for manipulation of POD
-hyperlinks
+=head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item METHODS
+=back
+
+=over
+
+=item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
+
+C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
+1>
+
+=back
+
+=over
+
+=item C<simplify_name( $str )>
+
+=back
+
+=over
-new(), parse(), markup($on,$off,$pageon,$pageoff), text(), warning(),
-page(), node(), type(), alttext(), line(), file()
+=item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
+
+C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
+1>
+
+=back
+
+=over
+
+=item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
+
+=back
+
+=over
=item AUTHOR
+=item SEE ALSO
+
=back
=head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
=item ARGUMENTS
-help, htmldir, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods,
-netscape, nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, css,
-verbose, quiet
+backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile,
+libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title,
+verbose
=item EXAMPLE
-=item ENVIRONMENT
+=item ENVIRONMENT
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
+commands, etc.
+
+=over
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item REQUIRES
+
+=item EXPORTS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
+B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
+
+=back
+
+=over
+
+=item B<Pod::InputSource>
+
+=back
+
+=over
+
+=item B<new()>
+
+=back
+
+=over
+
+=item B<name()>
+
+=back
+
+=over
+
+=item B<handle()>
+
+=back
+
+=over
+
+=item B<was_cutting()>
-=item AUTHOR
+=back
-=item SEE ALSO
+=over
-=item COPYRIGHT
+=item B<Pod::Paragraph>
=back
-=head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
-commands, etc.
-
=over
-=item SYNOPSIS
-
-=item REQUIRES
+=item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
-=item EXPORTS
+=back
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=over
-B<Pod::InputSource>, B<Pod::Paragraph>, B<Pod::InteriorSequence>,
-B<Pod::ParseTree>
+=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
=back
=over
-=item B<Pod::InputSource>
+=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
=back
=over
-=item B<new()>
+=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
=back
=over
-=item B<name()>
+=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
=back
=over
-=item B<handle()>
+=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
=back
=over
-=item B<was_cutting()>
+=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
=back
=over
-=item B<Pod::Paragraph>
+=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
=back
=over
-=item B<new()>
+=item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
=back
=over
-=item B<cmd_name()>
+=item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
=back
=over
-=item B<text()>
+=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
=back
=over
-=item B<raw_text()>
+=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
=back
=over
-=item B<cmd_prefix()>
+=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
=back
=over
-=item B<cmd_separator()>
+=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
=back
=over
-=item B<parse_tree()>
+=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
=back
=over
-=item B<file_line()>
+=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
=back
=over
-=item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
+=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
=back
=over
-=item B<new()>
+=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
=back
=over
-=item B<cmd_name()>
+=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
=back
=over
-=item B<prepend()>
+=item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
=back
=over
-=item B<append()>
+=item B<Pod::ParseTree>
=back
=over
-=item B<nested()>
+=item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
=back
=over
-=item B<raw_text()>
+=item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
=back
=over
-=item B<left_delimiter()>
+=item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
=back
=over
-=item B<right_delimiter()>
+=item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
=back
=over
-=item B<parse_tree()>
+=item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
=back
=over
-=item B<file_line()>
+=item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
=back
=over
-=item B<DESTROY()>
+=item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
=back
=over
-=item B<Pod::ParseTree>
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
=back
+=head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
+
=over
-=item B<new()>
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
=back
=over
-=item B<top()>
+=item OBJECT METHODS
+
+C<initialize>
=back
=over
-=item B<children()>
+=item Data Accessors
+
+B<AddPreamble>
=back
+B<AddPostamble>
+
+B<Head1Level>
+
+B<Label>
+
+B<LevelNoNum>
+
+B<MakeIndex>
+
+B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
+
+B<StartWithNewPage>
+
+B<TableOfContents>
+
+B<UniqueLabels>
+
+B<UserPreamble>
+
+B<UserPostamble>
+
+B<Lists>
+
=over
-=item B<prepend()>
+=item Subclassed methods
=back
+B<begin_pod>
+
+B<end_pod>
+
+B<command>
+
+B<verbatim>
+
+B<textblock>
+
+B<interior_sequence>
+
=over
-=item B<append()>
+=item List Methods
+
+B<begin_list>
=back
+B<end_list>
+
+B<add_item>
+
=over
-=item B<raw_text()>
+=item Methods for headings
+
+B<head>
=back
=over
-=item B<DESTROY()>
+=item Internal methods
+
+B<_output>
=back
+B<_replace_special_chars>
+
+B<_create_label>
+
+B<_create_index>
+
+B<_clean_latex_commands>
+
=over
+=item NOTES
+
=item SEE ALSO
-=item AUTHOR
+=item AUTHORS
+
+=item COPYRIGHT
+
+=item REVISION
=back
=item BUGS
-=item NOTES
-
=item SEE ALSO
=item AUTHOR
=back
+=head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
+
+=over
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=back
+
+=over
+
+=item Pod::List
+
+Pod::List-E<gt>new()
+
+=back
+
+$list-E<gt>file()
+
+$list-E<gt>start()
+
+$list-E<gt>indent()
+
+$list-E<gt>type()
+
+$list-E<gt>rx()
+
+$list-E<gt>item()
+
+$list-E<gt>parent()
+
+$list-E<gt>tag()
+
+=over
+
+=item Pod::Hyperlink
+
+Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
+
+=back
+
+$link-E<gt>parse($string)
+
+$link-E<gt>markup($string)
+
+$link-E<gt>text()
+
+$link-E<gt>warning()
+
+$link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
+
+$link-E<gt>page()
+
+$link-E<gt>node()
+
+$link-E<gt>alttext()
+
+$link-E<gt>type()
+
+$link-E<gt>link()
+
+=over
+
+=item Pod::Cache
+
+Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
+
+=back
+
+$cache-E<gt>item()
+
+$cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
+
+=over
+
+=item Pod::Cache::Item
+
+Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
+
+=back
+
+$cacheitem-E<gt>page()
+
+$cacheitem-E<gt>description()
+
+$cacheitem-E<gt>path()
+
+$cacheitem-E<gt>file()
+
+$cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
+
+$cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
+
+$cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
+
+=over
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=back
+
=head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
=over
=item PARSING OPTIONS
-B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset)
+B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
+B<-warnings> (default: unset)
=back
=back
+=head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
+
+=over
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
+
+=item DIAGNOSTICS
+
+Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
+Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
+
+=item RESTRICTIONS
+
+=item NOTES
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
+
+=over
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item EXPORT
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=back
+
=head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
input
=item DESCRIPTION
+C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
+
+=item DIAGNOSTICS
+
+=over
+
+=item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
+
+=back
+
+=item BUGS AND WARNINGS
+
=back
=head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
=item EXAMPLES
-=item DEPENDENCIES
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
+Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
+
+=over
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
+setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
+closelog
+
+=item EXAMPLES
=item SEE ALSO
=back
+=head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
+
+=over
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item DIAGNOSTICS
+
+Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
+comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
+subs" in use
+
+=item RESTRICTIONS
+
+=item NOTES
+
+=item AUTHORS
+
+=back
+
=head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
=over
=item EXAMPLES
-0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2use of
-quotes to include a space in a word, 3use of a backslash to include a space
-in a word, 4use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a
-double-quote, 5another simple word (note the lack of effect of the
+0 a simple word, 1 multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2 use
+of quotes to include a space in a word, 3 use of a backslash to include a
+space in a word, 4 use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a
+double-quote, 5 another simple word (note the lack of effect of the
backslashed double-quote)
=item AUTHORS
=back
-=head2 Thread - multithreading
+=head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
+change)
=over
=item DESCRIPTION
+=over
+
+=item System Specifics
+
+=back
+
=item NOTE
=item AUTHOR
+=item HISTORY
+
+March 18th, 2000
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
+
+=over
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
+
+Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
+Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
+Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
+Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
+Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
+Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
+Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
+Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
+PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown(MACHINE,
+MESSAGE, TIMEOUT, FORCECLOSE, REBOOT), Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(),
+Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(),
+Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE),
+Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
+Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
+Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
+Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
+PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
+
+=back
+
=back
=head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code