=item ENVIRONMENT
-HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5DB, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERLLIB
-
=item AUTHOR
=item FILES
=item NOTES
-=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
+=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24
+22:46:06 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Supported Environments
-
-=item Core Changes
+perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
+About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
+Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
+Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
+L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
=over
-=item Compilation Option: Binary Compatibility With 5.003
-
-=item New Opcode Module and Revised Safe Module
+=item Where to get this document
-=item Internal Change: FileHandle Deprecated
+=item How to contribute to this document
-=item Internal Change: PerlIO internal IO abstraction interface
+=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
+authors
-=item New and Changed Built-in Variables
-
-$^E, $^H, $^M
+=back
-=item New and Changed Built-in Functions
+=item Credits
-delete on slices, flock, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures,
-unpack() and pack(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST,
-prototype(FUNCTION), $_ as Default, C<m//g> does not trigger a pos() reset
-on failure, nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on
-changing lexicals
+=item Author and Copyright Information
-=item New Built-in Methods
+=over
-isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ), class(), is_instance()
+=item Noncommercial Reproduction
-=item TIEHANDLE Now Supported
+=item Commercial Reproduction
-TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READLINE this, DESTROY this,
-Efficiency Enhancements
+=item Disclaimer
=back
-=item Pragmata
+=item Changes
-use blib, use blib 'dir', use locale, use ops
+24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
+Initial Release: 11/March/97
-=item Modules
+=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
+1997/04/24 22:43:34 $)
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item Fcntl
+=item What is Perl?
-=item Module Information Summary
+=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
-=item IO
+=item Which version of Perl should I use?
-=item Math::Complex
+=item What are perl4 and perl5?
-=item DB_File
+=item How stable is Perl?
-=item Net::Ping
+=item Is Perl difficult to learn?
+
+=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
+Scheme, or Tcl?
+
+=item Can I do [task] in Perl?
+
+=item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
+
+=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
+
+=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
-=item Overridden Built-ins
+=item What is a JAPH?
+
+=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
+
+=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
+(5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
=back
-=item Utility Changes
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $,
+$Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item xsubpp
+=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
-C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
+=item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
-=back
+=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
-=item C Language API Changes
+=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
+don't work.
-C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>
+=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
+loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
-=item Documentation Changes
+=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
+What does CPAN/src/... mean?
-L<perldelta>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perldebug>,
-L<perlsec>
+=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
-=item New Diagnostics
+=item Where can I get information on Perl?
-"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
-not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
-large, Attempt to free non-existent shared string, Attempt to use reference
-as lvalue in substr, Unsupported function fork, Ill-formed logical name
-|%s| in prime_env_iter, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict
-refs" in use, Constant subroutine %s redefined, Died, Integer overflow in
-hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, Name "%s::%s" used only once:
-possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Stub found
-while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Cannot
-resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `s', Out of memory!, Out of
-memory during request for %s, Possible attempt to put comments in qw()
-list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s}
-better written as $%s{%s}, untie attempted while %d inner references still
-exist, Value of %s construct can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s"
-may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning:
-something's wrong, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX,
-PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
+=item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
-=item BUGS
+=item Where should I post source code?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Perl Books
-=item HISTORY
+=item Perl in Magazines
-=head2 perldata - Perl data types
+=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item What mailing lists are there for perl?
-=over
+MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
-=item Variable names
+=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
-=item Context
+=item Perl Training
-=item Scalar values
+=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
-=item Scalar value constructors
+=item Where do I send bug reports?
-=item List value constructors
+=item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
-=item Typeglobs and Filehandles
+=item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
=back
-=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
+22:43:42 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item Declarations
+=item How do I do (anything)?
-=item Simple statements
+=item How can I use Perl interactively?
-=item Compound statements
+=item Is there a Perl shell?
-=item Loop Control
+=item How do I debug my Perl programs?
-=item For Loops
+=item How do I profile my Perl programs?
-=item Foreach Loops
+=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
-=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
+=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
-=item Goto
+=item Is there a ctags for Perl?
-=item PODs: Embedded Documentation
+=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
-=item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
+=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
+
+=item How can I use curses with Perl?
+
+=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
+
+=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
+
+=item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
+
+=item What is undump?
+
+=item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
+
+=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
+
+=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
+
+=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
+
+=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
+
+=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
+
+=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
+
+=item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
+
+=item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
+
+=item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
+
+=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
+
+=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
+
+=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
+
+=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
+my C program, what am I doing wrong?
+
+=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
+mean?
+
+=item What's MakeMaker?
=back
-=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
+22:43:57 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Data: Numbers
+
=over
-=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
+=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
+numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
-=item The Arrow Operator
+=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
-=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
+=item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
+Trig functions?
-=item Exponentiation
+=item How do I convert bits into ints?
-=item Symbolic Unary Operators
+=item How do I multiply matrices?
-=item Binding Operators
+=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
-=item Multiplicative Operators
+=item How can I output Roman numerals?
-=item Additive Operators
+=item Why aren't my random numbers random?
-=item Shift Operators
+=back
-=item Named Unary Operators
+=item Data: Dates
-=item Relational Operators
+=over
-=item Equality Operators
+=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
-=item Bitwise And
+=item How can I compare two date strings?
-=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
+=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
-=item C-style Logical And
+=item How can I find the Julian Day?
-=item C-style Logical Or
+=item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
-=item Range Operator
+=back
-=item Conditional Operator
+=item Data: Strings
-=item Assignment Operators
+=over
-=item Comma Operator
+=item How do I validate input?
-=item List Operators (Rightward)
+=item How do I unescape a string?
-=item Logical Not
+=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
-=item Logical And
+=item How do I expand function calls in a string?
-=item Logical or and Exclusive Or
+=item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
-=item C Operators Missing From Perl
+=item How do I reverse a string?
-unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
+=item How do I expand tabs in a string?
-=item Quote and Quote-like Operators
+=item How do I reformat a paragraph?
-=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
+=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
-?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
-qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
-s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
-y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
+=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
-=item I/O Operators
+=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
+string?
-=item Constant Folding
+=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
-=item Integer Arithmetic
+=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
+[character]? (Comma-separated files)
-=back
+=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
-=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
+=item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
-i, m, s, x
+=item How can I expand variables in text strings?
+
+=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
+
+=item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
+
+1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
+a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
+the tag
+
+=back
+
+=item Data: Arrays
=over
-=item Regular Expressions
+=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
-(?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
+=item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
-=item Backtracking
+a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
+whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
+d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
+contains only small positive integers:
-=item Version 8 Regular Expressions
+=item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
-=item WARNING on \1 vs $1
+=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
+intersection of two arrays?
-=back
+=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
-=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
+=item How do I handle linked lists?
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item How do I handle circular lists?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
-=over
+=item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
-=item Switches
+=item How do I select a random element from an array?
-B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
-B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
-B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
-B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
-B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
-B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
+=item How do I permute N elements of a list?
-=back
+=item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
-=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
+=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
- I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
+=back
+
+=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
=over
-=item Perl Functions by Category
+=item How do I process an entire hash?
-Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
-Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
-Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
-length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
-Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
-to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
-groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
-object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
-communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
-info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
-in perl5
+=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
+it?
-=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
+=item How do I look up a hash element by value?
--I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
-NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
-binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
-chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
-chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
-close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
-cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose ASSOC_ARRAY, dbmopen
-ASSOC,DBNAME,MODE, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK,
-do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each ASSOC_ARRAY, eof FILEHANDLE,
-eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp
-EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
-FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE, LIST, getc
-FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid,
-getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME,
-getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
-getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
-ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
-getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
-setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
-setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
-endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt
-SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR,
-goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
-STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
-FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys ASSOC_ARRAY, kill LIST,
-last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
-link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
-log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST,
-map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
-msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL,
-next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,
-opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
-NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
-print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
-printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
-qq/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
-rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
-readdir DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS,
-redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR,
-require, reset EXPR, reset, return LIST, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
-rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
-scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
-FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
-ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
-SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
-WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
-shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
-shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
-EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
-SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
-sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
-splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
-split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
-stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
-substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
-syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
-FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
-sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, system LIST, syswrite
-FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
-VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
-FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
-ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
-TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use
-Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values
-ASSOC_ARRAY, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
-LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
+=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
-=back
+=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
-=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
+=item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
-=over
+=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
-=item Predefined Names
+=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
-$ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
-$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
-EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
-$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
-$|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
-output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
-$LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
-format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
-format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
-format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
-EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
-format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
-$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
-$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
-$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
-$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
-$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
-$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
-$^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
-$ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}
+=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
-=back
+=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
-=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
+=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
+it?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
+array of hashes or arrays?
-=over
+=item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
-=item Private Variables via my()
+=back
-=item Temporary Values via local()
+=item Data: Misc
-=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
+=over
-=item Pass by Reference
+=item How do I handle binary data correctly?
-=item Prototypes
+=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
-=item Constant Functions
+=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
-=item Overriding Builtin Functions
+=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
-=item Autoloading
+=item How do I define methods for every class/object?
+
+=item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
=back
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages)
+=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
+22:44:02 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item Packages
+=item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
-=item Symbol Tables
+=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
+line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
-=item Package Constructors and Destructors
+=item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
-=item Perl Classes
+=item How do I make a temporary file name?
-=item Perl Modules
+=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
-=back
+=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
+filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
-=item NOTE
+=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
-=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
+=item How can I write() into a string?
-=over
+=item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
-=item Pragmatic Modules
+=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
-blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap,
-strict, subs, vars
+=item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
-=item Standard Modules
+=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
-AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
-CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Template, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
-DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
-ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
-ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
-ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal,
-Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy,
-File::Find, File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin,
-GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File,
-IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2,
-IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, NDBM_File,
-Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode,
-Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
-Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap,
-Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
-Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash,
-Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
-Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
+=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
-=item Extension Modules
+=item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
-=back
+=item How can I reliably rename a file?
-=item CPAN
-
-Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
-System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
-Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
-User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
-File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
-Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
-Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
-Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
-World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
-Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
-and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
-exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
-Miscellaneous Modules
+=item How can I lock a file?
-=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
+=item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
-=over
+=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
+the file. How can I do this?
-=item Guidelines for Module Creation
+=item How do I randomly update a binary file?
-Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
-module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
-what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
-README and other Additional Files, A description of the
-module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
-- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
-Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
-especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
-the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
-version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
-care when changing a released module
+=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
-=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
+=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
-There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
-Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
-Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
-to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
+=item How do I print to more than one file at once?
-=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
+=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
-Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
-applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
-reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
-to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
-can then be reduced to a small
+=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
-=back
+=item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
-=head2 perlform - Perl formats
+=item How do I open a file without blocking?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
-=over
+=item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
-=item Format Variables
+=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
-=back
+=item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
-=item NOTES
+=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
+`C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
-=over
+=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
-=item Footers
+=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
+protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
-=item Accessing Formatting Internals
+=item How do I select a random line from a file?
=back
-=item WARNINGS
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
-localization)
+=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
-
-=item USING LOCALES
-
=over
-=item The use locale pragma
-
-=item The setlocale function
+=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
+and unmaintainable code?
-=item The localeconv function
+Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
+Delimiters
-=back
+=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
-=item LOCALE CATEGORIES
+=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
+different lines?
-=over
+=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
-=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
+=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
+case on the RHS?
-=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
+=item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
-=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
+=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
-=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
+=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
-=item LC_TIME
+=item What is C</o> really for?
-=item Other categories
+=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
+file?
-=back
+=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
-=item SECURITY
+=item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
-B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
-B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
-B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
-B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
-functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
-lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
-(localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
-tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
-ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
-isxdigit()):
+=item How do I process each word on each line?
-=item ENVIRONMENT
+=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
-PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
-LC_TIME, LANG
+=item How can I do approximate matching?
-=item NOTES
+=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
-=over
+=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
-=item Backward compatibility
+=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
-=item I18N:Collate obsolete
+=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
-=item Sort speed and memory use impacts
+=item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
-=item write() and LC_NUMERIC
+=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
-=item Freely available locale definitions
+=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
-=item I18n and l10n
+=back
-=item An imperfect standard
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=back
+=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date:
+1997/04/24 22:44:14 $)
-=item BUGS
+=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item Broken systems
+=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
-=back
+=item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
+use them?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
+commas?
-=item HISTORY
+=item How do I skip some return values?
-=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
+=item How do I temporarily block warnings?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item What's an extension?
-=over
+=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
-=item Symbolic references
+=item How do I declare/create a structure?
-=item Not-so-symbolic references
+=item How do I create a module?
-=back
+=item How do I create a class?
-=item WARNING
+=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item What's a closure?
-=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
+=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
+Regexp}?
-arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
-more elaborate constructs
+Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
+Passing Methods
-=item REFERENCES
+=item How do I create a static variable?
-=item COMMON MISTAKES
+=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
+Between local() and my()?
-=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
+=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
+is in scope?
-=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
+=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
-=item DEBUGGING
+=item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
-=item CODE EXAMPLES
+=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
-=item LISTS OF LISTS
+=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
-=over
+=item How do I create a switch or case statement?
-=item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
+=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
-=item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
+=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
-=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
+=item How can I find out my current package?
-=back
+=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
-=item HASHES OF LISTS
+=back
-=over
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
+=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
+22:44:19 $)
-=item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
+=over
-=back
+=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
-=item LISTS OF HASHES
+=item How come exec() doesn't return?
-=over
+=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
-=item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
+Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
-=item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
+=item How do I ask the user for a password?
-=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
+=item How do I read and write the serial port?
-=back
+lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
-=item HASHES OF HASHES
+=item How do I decode encrypted password files?
-=over
+=item How do I start a process in the background?
-=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
+STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
-=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
+=item How do I trap control characters/signals?
-=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
+=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
-=back
+=item How do I set the time and date?
-=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
+=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
-=over
+=item How can I measure time under a second?
-=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
+=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
-=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
+=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
+does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
-=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
+=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
-=back
+=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
-=item Database Ties
+=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
-=item AUTHOR
+=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
-=head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
+=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
-=item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
+=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
-=item Growing Your Own
+=item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
-=item Access and Printing
+=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
+^Z on MS-DOS)?
-=item Slices
+=item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
-=item AUTHOR
+=item How can I write expect in Perl?
-=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
+=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
+"ps"?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
+come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
+changes to be visible?
-=item Creating a Class
+Unix, VMS
-=over
+=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
+complete?
-=item Object Representation
+=item How do I fork a daemon process?
-=item Class Interface
+=item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
-=item Constructors and Instance Methods
+=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
-=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
+=item How do I timeout a slow event?
-=item Destructors
+=item How do I set CPU limits?
-=item Other Object Methods
+=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
-=back
+=item How do I use an SQL database?
-=item Class Data
+=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
-=over
+=item How do I open a file without blocking?
-=item Accessing Class Data
+=item How do I install a CPAN module?
-=item Debugging Methods
+=item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
-=item Class Destructors
+=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
+search path?
-=item Documenting the Interface
+=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
=back
-=item Aggregation
-
-=item Inheritance
-
-=over
+=item How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
-=item Overridden Methods
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=item Multiple Inheritance
+=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:29
+$)
-=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=back
+=over
-=item Alternate Object Representations
+=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
+you help me fix it?
-=over
+=item How do I remove HTML from a string?
-=item Arrays as Objects
+=item How do I extract URLs?
-=item Closures as Objects
+=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
+file on another machine?
-=back
+=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
-=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
+=item How do I fetch an HTML file?
-=over
+=item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
-=item Autoloaded Data Methods
+=item How do I redirect to another page?
-=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
+=item How do I put a password on my web pages?
-=back
+=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
-=item Metaclassical Tools
+=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
+CGI script to do bad things?
-=over
+=item How do I parse an email header?
-=item Class::Template
+=item How do I decode a CGI form?
-=item Data Members as Variables
+=item How do I check a valid email address?
-=item NOTES
+=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
-=item Object Terminology
+=item How do I return the user's email address?
-=back
+=item How do I send/read mail?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
-=item COPYRIGHT
+=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
-=over
+=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
-=item Acknowledgments
+=item How can I do RPC in Perl?
=back
-=head2 perlobj - Perl objects
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Supported Environments
+
+=item Core Changes
+
=over
-=item An Object is Simply a Reference
+=item List assignment to %ENV works
-=item A Class is Simply a Package
+=item "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error now lists @INC
-=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
+=item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
-=item Method Invocation
+=item $PERL5OPT environment variable
-=item Default UNIVERSAL methods
+=item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
-isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ), class(), is_instance()
+=item More precise warnings
-=item Destructors
+=item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
-=item WARNING
+=item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
-=item Summary
+=item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
-=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
+=item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
-=back
+=item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item No resetting of $. on implicit close
-=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
+=item C<wantarray> may return undef
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item Changes to tainting checks
-=item DESCRIPTION
+No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
+spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
-=over
+=item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
-=item Tying Scalars
+=item Embedding improvements
-TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
+=item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
-=item Tying Arrays
+=item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
-TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
-DESTROY this
+=item New and changed syntax
-=item Tying Hashes
+$coderef->(PARAMS)
-USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
-this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
-this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
+=item New and changed builtin constants
-=item Tying FileHandles
+__PACKAGE__
-TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READLINE this, DESTROY this
+=item New and changed builtin variables
-=back
+$^E, $^H, $^M
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item New and changed builtin functions
-=item BUGS
+delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
+Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
+VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
+reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
+nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
-=item AUTHOR
+=item New builtin methods
-=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
+isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item TIEHANDLE now supported
-=item OO SCALING TIPS
+TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
+LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
-=item INSTANCE VARIABLES
+=item Malloc enhancements
-=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
+-DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DEMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
-=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
+=item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
-=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
+=back
-=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
+=item Support for More Operating Systems
-=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
-
-=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
+=over
-=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
+=item Win32
-=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
+=item Plan 9
-=item DELEGATION
+=item QNX
-=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
-safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
+=item AmigaOS
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=back
-=item Signals
+=item Pragmata
-=item Named Pipes
+use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
+constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
-=item Using open() for IPC
+=item Modules
=over
-=item Safe Pipe Opens
+=item Required Updates
-=item Bidirectional Communication
+=item Installation directories
-=back
+=item Module information summary
-=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
+=item Fcntl
-=over
+=item IO
-=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
+=item Math::Complex
-=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
+=item Math::Trig
-=item UDP: Message Passing
+=item DB_File
+
+=item Net::Ping
+
+=item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
=back
-=item SysV IPC
+=item Utility Changes
-=item WARNING
+=over
-=item NOTES
+=item pod2html
-=item BUGS
+Sends converted HTML to standard output
-=item AUTHOR
+=item xsubpp
-=item SEE ALSO
+C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
-=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
+=back
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item C Language API Changes
-=item The Perl Debugger
+C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
+manipulating hashes
-=over
+=item Documentation Changes
-=item Debugger Commands
+L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
+L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
-h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
-[expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
-subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
-t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
-[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
-command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
-C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
-C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
-C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>,
-C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>,
-C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
-C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command,
-E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, !
-pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value],
-command, m expr, m package
+=item New Diagnostics
-=item Debugger input/output
+"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
+not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
+large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
+nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
+Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s
+ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s'
+in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s
+undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting
+pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage
+return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number,
+Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid
+conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack:
+'%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in
+formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during
+request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw()
+list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s}
+better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s'
+overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie
+attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s,
+Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is
+deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may
+be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's
+wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from
+DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process
+terminated by SIG%s
-Prompt, Multi-line commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
+=item BUGS
-=item Debugging compile-time statements
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item Debugger Customization
+=item HISTORY
-=item Readline Support
+=head2 perldata - Perl data types
-=item Editor Support for Debugging
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item The Perl Profiler
+=over
-=item Debugger support in perl
+=item Variable names
-=item Debugger Internals
+=item Context
-=item Other resources
+=item Scalar values
-=back
+=item Scalar value constructors
-=item BUGS
+=item List value constructors
-=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
+=item Typeglobs and Filehandles
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=back
-=head2 perlsec - Perl security
+=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
+=item Declarations
-=item Cleaning Up Your Path
+=item Simple statements
-=item Security Bugs
+=item Compound statements
-=back
+=item Loop Control
-=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
+=item For Loops
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Foreach Loops
-=over
+=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
-=item Awk Traps
+=item Goto
-=item C Traps
+=item PODs: Embedded Documentation
-=item Sed Traps
+=item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
-=item Shell Traps
+=back
-=item Perl Traps
+=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
-=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
+=item SYNOPSIS
-Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
-Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
-Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
-Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
+=over
-Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
-Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
-Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
+=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
-=item Parsing Traps
+=item The Arrow Operator
-Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
+=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
-=item Numerical Traps
+=item Exponentiation
-Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
+=item Symbolic Unary Operators
-=item General data type traps
+=item Binding Operators
-(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
-(Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
+=item Multiplicative Operators
-=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
+=item Additive Operators
-(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
+=item Shift Operators
-=item Precedence Traps
+=item Named Unary Operators
-Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
-Precedence
+=item Relational Operators
-=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
+=item Equality Operators
-Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
-Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
-Regular Expression
+=item Bitwise And
-=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
+=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
-(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
+=item C-style Logical And
-=item OS Traps
+=item C-style Logical Or
-(SysV), (SysV)
+=item Range Operator
-=item Interpolation Traps
+=item Conditional Operator
-Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
-Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
+=item Assignment Operators
-=item DBM Traps
+=item Comma Operator
-DBM, DBM
+=item List Operators (Rightward)
-=item Unclassified Traps
+=item Logical Not
-Unclassified
+=item Logical And
-=back
+=item Logical or and Exclusive Or
-=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
+=item C Operators Missing From Perl
-=item DESCRIPTION
+unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
-=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
+=item Quote and Quote-like Operators
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
-=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
+?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
+qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
+s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
+y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
-=item Common Pod Pitfalls
+=item I/O Operators
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Constant Folding
-=item AUTHOR
+=item Integer Arithmetic
-=head2 perlbook - Perl book information
+=item Floating-point Arithmetic
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=back
-=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
+=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
=item DESCRIPTION
+i, m, s, x
+
=over
-=item PREAMBLE
+=item Regular Expressions
-B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a UNIX program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
-Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
+(?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
-=item ROADMAP
+=item Backtracking
-=item Compiling your C program
+=item Version 8 Regular Expressions
-=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
+=item WARNING on \1 vs $1
-=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
+=back
-=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
+=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
-=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
+=over
-=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
-program
+=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
-=back
+OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
-=item MORAL
+=item Switches
-=item AUTHOR
+B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
+B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
+B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
+B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
+B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
+B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
-=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
+=back
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item ENVIRONMENT
+
+HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
+(specific to WIN32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
+
+=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
=item DESCRIPTION
-B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
-B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
-B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
-B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
-B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
-B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
-B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
+ I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
=over
-=item Co-existence with stdio
+=item Perl Functions by Category
-B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
-B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
+Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
+Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
+Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
+length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
+Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
+to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
+groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
+object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
+communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
+info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
+in perl5
+
+=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
+
+-I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
+NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
+binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
+chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
+chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
+close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
+cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
+defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
+SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
+eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
+exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
+FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
+getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
+WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
+NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
+NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
+getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
+gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
+sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
+STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
+endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
+glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
+EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
+STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
+EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst
+EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
+SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat
+FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir
+FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS,
+msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST,
+oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
+DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
+READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
+LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
+LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
+qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
+FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
+DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
+LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
+reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
+rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
+scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
+FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
+ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
+SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
+WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
+shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
+shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
+EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
+SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
+sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
+splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
+split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
+srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
+sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
+symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
+sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
+FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
+FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, syswrite
+FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell
+FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
+VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
+EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
+EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
+unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST,
+use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
+PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Predefined Names
+
+$ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
+$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
+EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
+$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
+$|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
+output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
+$LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
+format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
+format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
+format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
+EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
+format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
+$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
+$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
+$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
+$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
+$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
+$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
+$^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
+$ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Private Variables via my()
+
+=item Temporary Values via local()
+
+=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
+
+=item Pass by Reference
+
+=item Prototypes
+
+=item Constant Functions
+
+=item Overriding Builtin Functions
+
+=item Autoloading
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Packages
+
+=item Symbol Tables
+
+=item Package Constructors and Destructors
+
+=item Perl Classes
+
+=item Perl Modules
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
+
+=over
+
+=item Pragmatic Modules
+
+use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less,
+lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars
+
+=item Standard Modules
+
+AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
+CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
+DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
+ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
+ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
+ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl,
+File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
+File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
+Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle,
+IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
+Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File,
+Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode,
+Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
+Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap,
+Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
+Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash,
+Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
+Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
+
+=item Extension Modules
+
+=back
+
+=item CPAN
+
+Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
+System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
+Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
+User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
+File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
+Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
+Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
+Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
+World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
+Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
+and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
+exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
+Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
+South America
+
+=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
+
+=over
+
+=item Guidelines for Module Creation
+
+Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
+module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
+what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
+README and other Additional Files, A description of the
+module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
+- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
+Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
+especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
+the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
+version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
+care when changing a released module
+
+=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
+
+There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
+Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
+Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
+to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
+
+=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
+
+Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
+applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
+reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
+to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
+can then be reduced to a small
+
+=back
+
+=item NOTE
+
+=head2 perlform - Perl formats
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Format Variables
+
+=back
+
+=item NOTES
+
+=over
+
+=item Footers
+
+=item Accessing Formatting Internals
+
+=back
+
+=item WARNINGS
+
+=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
+localization)
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
+
+=item USING LOCALES
+
+=over
+
+=item The use locale pragma
+
+=item The setlocale function
+
+=item The localeconv function
+
+=back
+
+=item LOCALE CATEGORIES
+
+=over
+
+=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
+
+=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
+
+=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
+
+=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
+
+=item LC_TIME
+
+=item Other categories
+
+=back
+
+=item SECURITY
+
+B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
+B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
+B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
+B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
+functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
+lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
+(localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
+tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
+ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
+isxdigit()):
+
+=item ENVIRONMENT
+
+PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
+LC_TIME, LANG
+
+=item NOTES
+
+=over
+
+=item Backward compatibility
+
+=item I18N:Collate obsolete
+
+=item Sort speed and memory use impacts
+
+=item write() and LC_NUMERIC
+
+=item Freely available locale definitions
+
+=item I18n and l10n
+
+=item An imperfect standard
+
+=back
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=over
+
+=item Broken systems
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item HISTORY
+
+=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Symbolic references
+
+=item Not-so-symbolic references
+
+=back
+
+=item WARNING
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
+more elaborate constructs
+
+=item REFERENCES
+
+=item COMMON MISTAKES
+
+=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
+
+=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
+
+=item DEBUGGING
+
+=item CODE EXAMPLES
+
+=item LISTS OF LISTS
+
+=over
+
+=item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
+
+=item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
+
+=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
+
+=back
+
+=item HASHES OF LISTS
+
+=over
+
+=item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
+
+=item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
+
+=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
+
+=back
+
+=item LISTS OF HASHES
+
+=over
+
+=item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
+
+=item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
+
+=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
+
+=back
+
+=item HASHES OF HASHES
+
+=over
+
+=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
+
+=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
+
+=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
+
+=back
+
+=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
+
+=over
+
+=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
+
+=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
+
+=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
+
+=back
+
+=item Database Ties
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
+
+=item Growing Your Own
+
+=item Access and Printing
+
+=item Slices
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item Creating a Class
+
+=over
+
+=item Object Representation
+
+=item Class Interface
+
+=item Constructors and Instance Methods
+
+=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
+
+=item Destructors
+
+=item Other Object Methods
+
+=back
+
+=item Class Data
+
+=over
+
+=item Accessing Class Data
+
+=item Debugging Methods
+
+=item Class Destructors
+
+=item Documenting the Interface
+
+=back
+
+=item Aggregation
+
+=item Inheritance
+
+=over
+
+=item Overridden Methods
+
+=item Multiple Inheritance
+
+=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
+
+=back
+
+=item Alternate Object Representations
+
+=over
+
+=item Arrays as Objects
+
+=item Closures as Objects
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
+
+=over
+
+=item Autoloaded Data Methods
+
+=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
+
+=back
+
+=item Metaclassical Tools
+
+=over
+
+=item Class::Struct
+
+=item Data Members as Variables
+
+=item NOTES
+
+=item Object Terminology
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item COPYRIGHT
+
+=over
+
+=item Acknowledgments
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlobj - Perl objects
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item An Object is Simply a Reference
+
+=item A Class is Simply a Package
+
+=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
+
+=item Method Invocation
+
+=item Default UNIVERSAL methods
+
+isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
+
+=item Destructors
+
+=item WARNING
+
+=item Summary
+
+=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Tying Scalars
+
+TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
+
+=item Tying Arrays
+
+TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
+DESTROY this
+
+=item Tying Hashes
+
+USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
+this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
+this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
+
+=item Tying FileHandles
+
+TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
+LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
+
+=item The C<untie> Gotcha
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item OO SCALING TIPS
+
+=item INSTANCE VARIABLES
+
+=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
+
+=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
+
+=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
+
+=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
+
+=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
+
+=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
+
+=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
+
+=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
+
+=item DELEGATION
+
+=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
+safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item Signals
+
+=item Named Pipes
+
+=item Using open() for IPC
+
+=over
+
+=item Filehandles
+
+=item Background Processes
+
+=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
+
+=item Safe Pipe Opens
+
+=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
+
+=back
+
+=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
+
+=over
+
+=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
+
+=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
+
+=back
+
+=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
+
+=over
+
+=item A Simple Client
+
+C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
+
+=item A Webget Client
+
+=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
+
+=back
+
+=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
+
+Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
+
+=item UDP: Message Passing
+
+=item SysV IPC
+
+=item NOTES
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item The Perl Debugger
+
+=over
+
+=item Debugger Commands
+
+h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
+[expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
+subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
+t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
+[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
+command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
+C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
+C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
+C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>,
+C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
+C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>,
+C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command,
+E<gt> command, E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, !
+-number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, =
+[alias value], command, m expr, m package
+
+=item Debugger input/output
+
+Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
+
+=item Debugging compile-time statements
+
+=item Debugger Customization
+
+=item Readline Support
+
+=item Editor Support for Debugging
+
+=item The Perl Profiler
+
+=item Debugger support in perl
+
+=item Debugger Internals
+
+=item Other resources
+
+=back
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=head2 perlsec - Perl security
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
+
+=item Switches On the "#!" Line
+
+=item Cleaning Up Your Path
+
+=item Security Bugs
+
+=item Protecting Your Programs
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Awk Traps
+
+=item C Traps
+
+=item Sed Traps
+
+=item Shell Traps
+
+=item Perl Traps
+
+=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
+
+Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
+Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
+Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
+Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
+
+=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
+
+Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
+Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
+Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
+
+=item Parsing Traps
+
+Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
+
+=item Numerical Traps
+
+Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
+
+=item General data type traps
+
+(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
+(Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
+
+=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
+
+(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
+
+=item Precedence Traps
+
+Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
+Precedence
+
+=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
+
+Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
+Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
+Regular Expression, Regular Expression
+
+=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
+
+(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
+
+=item OS Traps
+
+(SysV), (SysV)
+
+=item Interpolation Traps
+
+Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
+Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
+
+=item DBM Traps
+
+DBM, DBM
+
+=item Unclassified Traps
+
+Unclassified
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
+
+=item Common Pod Pitfalls
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=head2 perlbook - Perl book information
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item PREAMBLE
+
+B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
+Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
+
+=item ROADMAP
+
+=item Compiling your C program
+
+=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
+
+=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
+
+=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
+
+=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
+
+=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
+
+=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
+
+=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
+
+=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
+program
+
+=back
+
+=item Embedding Perl under Win32
+
+=item MORAL
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item COPYRIGHT
+
+=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
+B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
+B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
+B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
+B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
+B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
+B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
+
+=over
+
+=item Co-existence with stdio
+
+B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
+B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
=back
-=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
+=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Introduction
+
+=item On The Road
+
+=item The Anatomy of an XSUB
+
+=item The Argument Stack
+
+=item The RETVAL Variable
+
+=item The MODULE Keyword
+
+=item The PACKAGE Keyword
+
+=item The PREFIX Keyword
+
+=item The OUTPUT: Keyword
+
+=item The CODE: Keyword
+
+=item The INIT: Keyword
+
+=item The NO_INIT Keyword
+
+=item Initializing Function Parameters
+
+=item Default Parameter Values
+
+=item The PREINIT: Keyword
+
+=item The SCOPE: Keyword
+
+=item The INPUT: Keyword
+
+=item Variable-length Parameter Lists
+
+=item The PPCODE: Keyword
+
+=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
+
+=item The REQUIRE: Keyword
+
+=item The CLEANUP: Keyword
+
+=item The BOOT: Keyword
+
+=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
+
+=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
+
+=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
+
+=item The ALIAS: Keyword
+
+=item The INCLUDE: Keyword
+
+=item The CASE: Keyword
+
+=item The & Unary Operator
+
+=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
+
+=item Using XS With C++
+
+=item Interface Strategy
+
+=item Perl Objects And C Structures
+
+=item The Typemap
+
+=back
+
+=item EXAMPLES
+
+=item XS VERSION
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item VERSION CAVEAT
+
+=item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
+
+=item EXAMPLE 1
+
+=item EXAMPLE 2
+
+=item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
+
+=item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
+
+=item EXAMPLE 3
+
+=item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
+
+=item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
+
+=item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
+
+=item THE TYPEMAP FILE
+
+=item WARNING
+
+=item EXAMPLE 4
+
+=item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
+
+=item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
+
+=item THE ARGUMENT STACK
+
+=item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
+
+=item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
+
+=item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item Author
+
+=item Last Changed
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Variables
+
=over
-=item Introduction
+=item Datatypes
-=item On The Road
+=item What is an "IV"?
-=item The Anatomy of an XSUB
+=item Working with SVs
-=item The Argument Stack
+=item What's Really Stored in an SV?
-=item The RETVAL Variable
+=item Working with AVs
-=item The MODULE Keyword
+=item Working with HVs
-=item The PACKAGE Keyword
+=item Hash API Extensions
-=item The PREFIX Keyword
+=item References
-=item The OUTPUT: Keyword
+=item Blessed References and Class Objects
-=item The CODE: Keyword
+=item Creating New Variables
-=item The INIT: Keyword
+=item Reference Counts and Mortality
-=item The NO_INIT Keyword
+=item Stashes and Globs
-=item Initializing Function Parameters
+=item Double-Typed SVs
-=item Default Parameter Values
+=item Magic Variables
-=item The PREINIT: Keyword
+=item Assigning Magic
-=item The SCOPE: Keyword
+=item Magic Virtual Tables
-=item The INPUT: Keyword
+=item Finding Magic
-=item Variable-length Parameter Lists
+=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
-=item The PPCODE: Keyword
+=back
-=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
+=item Subroutines
-=item The REQUIRE: Keyword
+=over
+
+=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
+
+=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
+
+=item Memory Allocation
+
+=item PerlIO
+
+=item Putting a C value on Perl stack
+
+=item Scratchpads
+
+=item Scratchpads and recursion
+
+=back
+
+=item Compiled code
+
+=over
+
+=item Code tree
+
+=item Examining the tree
+
+=item Compile pass 1: check routines
+
+=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
+
+=item Compile pass 2: context propagation
+
+=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
+
+=back
+
+=item API LISTING
+
+AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
+av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
+DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
+dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
+GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
+gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
+HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
+hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
+hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
+hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
+hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
+isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
+mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
+newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
+newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
+ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
+perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv,
+perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
+perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
+PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
+saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
+strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
+sv_catpvn, sv_catpvf, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec,
+sv_dec, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
+SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
+sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
+SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
+SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
+SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
+SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
+sv_setpvf, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
+sv_setsv, SvSTASH, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG,
+SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref,
+sv_usepvn, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
+XPUSHs, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
+XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV,
+XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
+Zero
+
+=item EDITOR
+
+=item DATE
+
+=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
+
+=item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
+
+B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
+
+=item FLAG VALUES
+
+=over
+
+=item G_VOID
+
+=item G_SCALAR
+
+=item G_ARRAY
+
+=item G_DISCARD
+
+=item G_NOARGS
+
+=item G_EVAL
+
+=item G_KEEPERR
+
+=item Determining the Context
+
+=back
+
+=item KNOWN PROBLEMS
+
+=item EXAMPLES
+
+=over
+
+=item No Parameters, Nothing returned
+
+=item Passing Parameters
+
+=item Returning a Scalar
+
+=item Returning a list of values
+
+=item Returning a list in a scalar context
+
+=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
+
+=item Using G_EVAL
+
+=item Using G_KEEPERR
+
+=item Using perl_call_sv
+
+=item Using perl_call_argv
+
+=item Using perl_call_method
+
+=item Using GIMME_V
+
+=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
+
+=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
+
+1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
+callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
+callback
+
+=item Alternate Stack Manipulation
+
+=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
+
+=back
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item DATE
+
+=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
+
+=head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item WARNING
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item AUTHOR
-=item The CLEANUP: Keyword
+=head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
-=item The BOOT: Keyword
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
+=item NOTES
-=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
+=item TECHNICAL NOTE
-=item The ALIAS: Keyword
+=item BUGS
-=item The INCLUDE: Keyword
+=item AUTHOR
-=item The CASE: Keyword
+=item COPYRIGHT
-=item The & Unary Operator
+=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
+diagnostics
-=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item Using XS With C++
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Interface Strategy
+=over
-=item Perl Objects And C Structures
+=item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
-=item The Typemap
+=item The I<splain> Program
=back
=item EXAMPLES
-=item XS VERSION
+=item INTERNALS
+
+=item BUGS
=item AUTHOR
-=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
+=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
+double
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=over
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item VERSION CAVEAT
+=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
-=item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item EXAMPLE 1
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item EXAMPLE 2
+=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
-=item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item EXAMPLE 3
+=over
-=item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
+=item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
-=item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
+=item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
-=item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
+=item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
-=item THE TYPEMAP FILE
+=back
-=item WARNING
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item EXAMPLE 4
+=item AUTHOR
-=item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
+=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
+operations
-=item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item THE ARGUMENT STACK
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
+=head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
-=item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
+=item DESCRIPTION
=item SEE ALSO
-=item Author
-
-=item Last Changed
+=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
-=back
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
+=item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Variables
-
=over
-=item Datatypes
+=item Declaration of overloaded functions
-=item What is an "IV"?
+=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
-=item Working with SV's
+FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
-=item What's Really Stored in an SV?
+=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
-=item Working with AV's
+=item Overloadable Operations
-=item Working with HV's
+I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
+I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
+and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
-=item References
+=item Inheritance and overloading
-=item Blessed References and Class Objects
+Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
+is inherited by derived classes
-=item Creating New Variables
+=back
-=item Reference Counts and Mortality
+=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
-=item Stashes and Globs
+=over
-=item Double-Typed SV's
+=item Last Resort
-=item Magic Variables
+=item Fallback
-=item Assigning Magic
+C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
-=item Magic Virtual Tables
+=item Copy Constructor
-=item Finding Magic
+B<Example>
=back
-=item Subroutines
+=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
-=over
+I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
+I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
+I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
-=item XSUB's and the Argument Stack
+=item WARNING
-=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
+=item Run-time Overloading
-=item Memory Allocation
+=item Public functions
-=item PerlIO
+overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
-=item Putting a C value on Perl stack
+=item IMPLEMENTATION
-=item Scratchpads
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item DIAGNOSTICS
-=item Scratchpads and recursions
+=item BUGS
-=back
+=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
-=item Compiled code
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item OPTIONS
=over
-=item Code tree
+=item SIGNAL HANDLERS
-=item Examining the tree
+B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
-=item Compile pass 1: check routines
+=item SIGNAL LISTS
-=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
+B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
-=item Compile pass 2: context propagation
+=item OTHER
-=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
+B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
=back
-=item API LISTING
+=item EXAMPLES
-AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
-av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
-DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
-dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
-G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv,
-GvSV, he_delayfree, he_free, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_exists, hv_fetch,
-hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic,
-HvNAME, hv_store, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
-isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
-mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
-newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
-newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
-ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
-perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_free,
-perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
-perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
-PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
-saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
-strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
-sv_catpvn, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_dec,
-SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
-SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
-sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
-SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
-SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
-SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
-SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
-sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, SvSTASH,
-SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE,
-SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref, sv_usepvn,
-sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XS,
-XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
-XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO,
-XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
+=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
-=item EDITOR
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item DATE
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
+C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
-An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
+=item DESCRIPTION
-B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
+=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
-=item FLAG VALUES
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=over
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item G_SCALAR
+=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
-=item G_ARRAY
+=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
-=item G_DISCARD
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item G_NOARGS
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item G_EVAL
+=over
-=item G_KEEPERR
+=item DBM Comparisons
-=item Determining the Context
+[0], [1], [2], [3]
=back
-=item KNOWN PROBLEMS
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item EXAMPLES
+=head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item No Parameters, Nothing returned
+=item Subroutine Stubs
-=item Passing Parameters
+=item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
-=item Returning a Scalar
+=item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
-=item Returning a list of values
+=item Package Lexicals
-=item Returning a list in a scalar context
+=item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
-=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
+=back
-=item Using G_EVAL
+=item CAVEATS
-=item Using G_KEEPERR
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item Using perl_call_sv
+=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
-=item Using perl_call_argv
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item Using perl_call_method
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Using GIMME
+=item CAVEATS
-=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
+=item DIAGNOSTICS
-=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
+=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
-1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
-callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
-callback
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over
+
+=item Methods
+
+new, debug
+
+=item Standard Exports
+
+timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
+timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
+TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
+
+=item Optional Exports
-=item Alternate Stack Manipulation
+clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
=back
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item NOTES
-=item AUTHOR
+=item INHERITANCE
-=item DATE
+=item CAVEATS
-=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
+=item AUTHORS
-=head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
+=item MODIFICATION HISTORY
+
+=head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
=item SYNOPSIS
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item CONTENTS
-=item BUGS
+=item DESCRIPTION
=item AUTHOR
-=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
-diagnostics
+=head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
=item SYNOPSIS
+=item ABSTRACT
+
+=item INSTALLATION
+
=item DESCRIPTION
=over
-=item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
-
-=item The I<splain> Program
+=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
-=back
+=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
-=item EXAMPLES
+=item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
-=item INTERNALS
+=item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
-=item BUGS
+=item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
-=item AUTHOR
+=item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
-=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
-double
+=item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
-=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
+=item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
-=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
+=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
-=over
+=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
-=item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
+=item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
-=item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
+B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
-=item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
+=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
=back
-=item SEE ALSO
-
-=item AUTHOR
+=item CREATING FORMS
-=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
-operations
+=over
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
-=head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
+B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
-=item DESCRIPTION
+B<Parameters>
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
-=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
+=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
-=item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
+B<Parameters>
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item CREATING A POPUP MENU
-=over
+=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
-=item Declaration of overloaded functions
+B<Parameters:>
-=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
+=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
-FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
+B<Parameters:>
-=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
+=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
-=item Overloadable Operations
+B<Parameters:>
-I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
-I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
-and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
+=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
-=item Inheritance and overloading
+B<Parameters:>
-Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
-is inherited by derived classes
+=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
-=back
+B<Parameters:>
-=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
+=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
-=over
+=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
-=item Last Resort
+=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
-=item Fallback
+B<Parameters:>
-C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
+=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
-=item Copy Constructor
+B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
+and may be
+TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
-B<Example>
+=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
=back
-=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
-
-I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
-I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
-I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
-
-=item WARNING
+=item NETSCAPE COOKIES
-=item Run-time Overloading
+1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
+B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
-=item Public functions
+=item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
-overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
+1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
+document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
+the <FORM> tag
-=item IMPLEMENTATION
+=item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
-=item AUTHOR
+=item DEBUGGING
-=item DIAGNOSTICS
+=over
-=item BUGS
+=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
-=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
+=back
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
-=item DESCRIPTION
+B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
+B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
+name as a partial URL, for self-refering
+scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
+()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
+B<request_method()>
-=item OPTIONS
+=item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS
=over
-=item SIGNAL HANDLERS
+=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
-B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
+=item Generating new HTML tags
-=item SIGNAL LISTS
+=back
-B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
+=item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
-=item OTHER
+B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
+B<standard>, B<all>
-B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
+=item USING NPH SCRIPTS
-=back
+In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
+imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
+B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
-=item EXAMPLES
+=item AUTHOR INFORMATION
-=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
+=item CREDITS
-=item SYNOPSIS
+Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
+(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
+(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
+(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
+Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
+Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
+Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
+(k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
+Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
+(joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
+(david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
-C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
+=item BUGS
-=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
=item SYNOPSIS
=item DESCRIPTION
-=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
+=item NOTE 1
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item NOTE 2
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item SEE ALSO
-=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
+=item AUTHOR
-=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
+=head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
+other) error log
=item SYNOPSIS
=item DESCRIPTION
-=over
+=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
-=item DBM Comparisons
+=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
-[0], [1], [2], [3]
+=item CHANGE LOG
-=back
+=item AUTHORS
=item SEE ALSO
-=head2 AutoLoader - load functions only on demand
+=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
=item SYNOPSIS
=item DESCRIPTION
-=over
-
-=item __END__
-
-=item Loading Stubs
-
-=item Package Lexicals
-
-=item AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader
+=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
-=back
+=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
-=item CAVEAT
+=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
-=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
+=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item CAVEATS
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item AUTHOR INFORMATION
-=item CAVEATS
+=item BUGS
-=item DIAGNOSTICS
+=item SEE ALSO
-=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
+=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
=item SYNOPSIS
=item DESCRIPTION
-=over
+=item USING CGI::Push
-=item Methods
+-last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
-new, debug
+=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
-=item Standard Exports
+=item CAVEATS
-timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis, timethese, timediff, timestr
+=item AUTHOR INFORMATION
-=item Optional Exports
+=item BUGS
-=back
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item NOTES
+=head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
+object available
-=item INHERITANCE
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item CAVEATS
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item AUTHORS
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item MODIFICATION HISTORY
+=item AUTHOR
=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
=item recompile
+=item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
+
=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
+expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
+
=item Cache Manager
=item Bundles
=item DESCRIPTION
-=head2 Class::Template - struct/member template builder
+=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
=item SYNOPSIS
=item DESCRIPTION
+=over
+
+=item The C<struct()> function
+
+=item Element Types and Accessor Methods
+
+Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
+C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
+
+=back
+
=item EXAMPLES
Example 1, Example 2
-=item NOTES
+=item Author and Modification History
=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
=over
-=item How does DB_File interface to Berkeley DB?
+=item Interface to Berkeley DB
=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
=over
-=item A Simple Example.
+=item A Simple Example
=back
=item Changing the BTREE sort order
-=item Handling duplicate keys
+=item Handling Duplicate Keys
-=item The get_dup method.
+=item The get_dup() Method
=item Matching Partial Keys
=over
-=item The bval option
+=item The 'bval' Option
=item A Simple Example
=item Locking Databases
-=item Sharing databases with C applications
+=item Sharing Databases With C Applications
+
+=item The untie() Gotcha
=back
=back
+=head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
+Makefiles etc.
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
+source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
+directory.., test_f file
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
=item SYNOPSIS
=item VMS implementation
+=item Win32 implementation
+
=back
=item SEE ALSO
(o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
(o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
-writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o)
+writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
=back
=back
+=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
+ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o),
+canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit
+(override), tools_other (o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), manifypods (o),
+dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
+
=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
=item SYNOPSIS
=item DESCRIPTION
-=head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
-
-=item SYNOPSIS
-
-=item DESCRIPTION
-
-=item AUTHOR
-
=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
=item SYNOPSIS
=item AUTHOR
+=head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item EXPORTS (by request only)
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item HISTORY
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
=head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
=item SYNOPSIS
=item EXAMPLES
-=item CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
+=item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
+
+default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
+(default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
+(default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
+reset), debug (default: reset)
+
+=item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
-$Getopt::Long::autoabbrev, $Getopt::Long::getopt_compat,
-$Getopt::Long::order, $Getopt::Long::bundling, $Getopt::Long::ignorecase,
-$Getopt::Long::passthrough, $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error,
-$Getopt::Long::debug
+$Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
clustering
=item CONSTRUCTOR
-new ([ ARGS ] )
+new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
=item METHODS
=item METHODS
-$fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF,
-LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint
+$fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
+$fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
+$fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
=item NOTE
=item CONSTRUCTOR
-new ([ ARGS ] )
+new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
=item METHODS
=item METHODS
-$fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF,
-LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint
+$fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
+$fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
+$fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
=item NOTE
=item USAGE
+=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
+
=item BUGS
-=item AUTHOR
+=item AUTHORS
+
+=head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
+
+=over
+
+=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
+
+=item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
+
+=back
+
+=item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item AUTHORS
=head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
=item CREATION
+=head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item ARGUMENTS
+
+help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
+nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
+
+=item EXAMPLE
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item COPYRIGHT
+
=head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
=item SYNOPSIS
=item DESCRIPTION
-E<lt>tabE<gt>Attempts word completion.
-Cannot be changed, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
+E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
=item DIAGNOSTICS
=item Minimal set of supported functions
C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
-C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, C<Features>
+C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
+
+=item Additional supported functions
=item EXPORTS
+=item ENVIRONMENT
+
=head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
=item SYNOPSIS
=item DESCRIPTION
-isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( REF, TYPE )
+isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
+can ( VAL, METHOD )
=head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
functions
=head1 AUTHOR
-Larry Wall E<lt>F<larry@wall.org>E<gt>, with the help of oodles
+Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
of other folks.
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff