=item DESCRIPTION
-modularity and reusability using innumerable modules, embeddable and
-extensible, roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous
-DBM implementations), subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and
-prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions,
-object-oriented programming, compilability into C code or Perl bytecode,
-support for light-weight processes (threads), support for
-internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical scoping, regular
-expression enhancements, enhanced debugger and interactive Perl
-environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library
-
=item AVAILABILITY
=item ENVIRONMENT
=item DESCRIPTION
-perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
-About Perl, What is Perl?, Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it
-free?, Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and perl5?, What
-is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl
-compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can
-I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?, What's the
-difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl
-script?, What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?,
-How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
-5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and
-Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How
-can I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my
-system. How can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one machine
-to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to
-compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make
-it work?, What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is
-CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI certified
-version of Perl?, Where can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl
-newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?, Where should I post
-source code?, Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW
-Access, What mailing lists are there for Perl?, Archives of
-comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?, Where
-do I send bug reports?, What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?,
-L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools, How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl
-interactively?, Is there a Perl shell?, How do I debug my Perl programs?,
-How do I profile my Perl programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl
-programs?, Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a
-ctags for Perl?, Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, Where can I get
-Perl macros for vi?, Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use
-curses with Perl?, How can I use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate
-simple menus without using CGI or Tk?, What is undump?, How can I make my
-Perl program run faster?, How can I make my Perl program take less memory?,
-Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?, How can I free an array or
-hash so my program shrinks?, How can I make my CGI script more efficient?,
-How can I hide the source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl
-program into byte code or C?, How can I compile Perl into Java?, How can I
-get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful Perl programs
-on the command line?, Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS
-system?, Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can
-I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about
-linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc.,
-but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong?, When I
-tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?, What's
-MakeMaker?, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals
-(eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg,
-19.95)?, Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a
-round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?, How do
-I convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do
-I multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a series of
-integers?, How can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random numbers
-random?, How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find
-the current century or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and find
-the difference?, How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?,
-How can I find the Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl
-have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I validate
-input?, How do I unescape a string?, How do I remove consecutive pairs of
-characters?, How do I expand function calls in a string?, How do I find
-matching/nesting anything?, How do I reverse a string?, How do I expand
-tabs in a string?, How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change
-the first N letters of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of
-something?, How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within
-a string?, How do I capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split
-a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]?
-(Comma-separated files), How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end
-of a string?, How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with
-zeroes?, How do I extract selected columns from a string?, How do I find
-the soundex value of a string?, How can I expand variables in text
-strings?, What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my <<HERE
-documents work?, What is the difference between a list and an array?, What
-is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I remove
-duplicate elements from a list or array?, How can I tell whether a list or
-array contains a certain element?, How do I compute the difference of two
-arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?, How do I test
-whether two arrays or hashes are equal?, How do I find the first array
-element for which a condition is true?, How do I handle linked lists?, How
-do I handle circular lists?, How do I shuffle an array randomly?, How do I
-process/modify each element of an array?, How do I select a random element
-from an array?, How do I permute N elements of a list?, How do I sort an
-array by (anything)?, How do I manipulate arrays of bits?, Why does
-defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?, How do I process an
-entire hash?, What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while
-iterating over it?, How do I look up a hash element by value?, How can I
-know how many entries are in a hash?, How do I sort a hash (optionally by
-value instead of key)?, How can I always keep my hash sorted?, What's the
-difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?, Why don't my tied
-hashes make the defined/exists distinction?, How do I reset an each()
-operation part-way through?, How can I get the unique keys from two
-hashes?, How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?, How can I
-make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?, Why does passing a
-subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?, How can I make the
-Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or
-arrays?, How can I use a reference as a hash key?, How do I handle binary
-data correctly?, How do I determine whether a scalar is a
-number/whole/integer/float?, How do I keep persistent data across program
-calls?, How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?, How do I
-define methods for every class/object?, How do I verify a credit card
-checksum?, How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?,
-L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output
-filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one line in a file/delete
-a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the
-beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do
-I make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length
-files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
-filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?,
-How can I use a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer format to
-be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output
-my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a
-filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do
-I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?, Is there a
-leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing
-blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why
-can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. I just
-want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How do I
-randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?,
-How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more than one
-file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How can I
-read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a
-file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character
-waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?, How do I dup()
-a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why
-can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe`
-work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?, Why does Perl let me
-delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't
-this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?, Why do I
-get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, How
-can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and
-unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.
-What's wrong?, How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
-themselves on different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but it
-didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case insensitively on the
-LHS while preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make C<\w> match national
-character sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?,
-How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?, What is C</o> really for?,
-How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?,
-Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?, What does it
-mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?, How do I process
-each word on each line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or
-line-frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?, How do I
-efficiently match many regular expressions at once?, Why don't
-word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or
-$' slow my program down?, What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?, Are
-Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong with
-using grep or map in a void context?, How can I match strings with
-multibyte characters?, How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the
-user?, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues, Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE
-for the Perl language?, What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how
-do I know when to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or
-use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return values?, How do I
-temporarily block warnings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators
-have different precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a
-structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a class?, How can I
-tell if a variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is variable suicide
-and how can I prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle,
-Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's
-the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between
-local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly
-named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow
-binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?, How do I redefine a
-builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference between
-calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case
-statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined
-variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file
-be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a
-large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a
-variable as a variable name?, L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, How do I
-find out which operating system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't
-return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I
-print something out in color?, How do I read just one key without waiting
-for a return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?,
-How do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?, How do I ask the
-user for a password?, How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I
-decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a process in the
-background?, How do I trap control characters/signals?, How do I modify the
-shadow password file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?,
-How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I measure time
-under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception
-handling), Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?
-What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?, How can I call
-my system's unique C functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files
-to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts complain about
-kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?, Why
-can't I get the output of a command with system()?, How can I capture
-STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an error when a
-pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?, How
-can I call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my script read
-from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I
-convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp
-session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's
-command line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my
-environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I
-exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close
-a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a
-daemon process?, How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?,
-How do I timeout a slow event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid
-zombies on a Unix system?, How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a
-system() exit on control-C?, How do I open a file without blocking?, How do
-I install a module from CPAN?, What's the difference between require and
-use?, How do I keep my own module/library directory?, How do I add the
-directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?, How do I
-add a directory to my include path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and where
-do I get it?, L<perlfaq9>: Networking, My CGI script runs from the command
-line but not the browser. (500 Server Error), How can I get better error
-messages from a CGI program?, How do I remove HTML from a string?, How do I
-extract URLs?, How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I
-open a file on another machine?, How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?, How
-do I fetch an HTML file?, How do I automate an HTML form submission?, How
-do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect to
-another page?, How do I put a password on my web pages?, How do I edit my
-.htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't
-enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?, How do
-I parse a mail header?, How do I decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid
-mail address?, How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the
-user's mail address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I
-find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news article
-or the active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do
-RPC in Perl?
-
-=over 4
-
-=item Where to get this document
-
-=item How to contribute to this document
+=over 4
-=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
-authors
+=item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
-=back
+=item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
-=item Credits
+=item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
-=item Author and Copyright Information
+=item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
-=over 4
+=item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
-=item Bundled Distributions
+=item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
-=item Disclaimer
+=item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
-=back
+=item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
-=item Changes
+=item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
-1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
-24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
-Initial Release: 11/March/97
+=item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
=back
-=head2 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
+=item About the perlfaq documents
=over 4
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Where to get the perlfaq
-=item BASIC DOCUMENTATION
+=item How to contribute to the perlfaq
-=over 4
+=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
+authors
-=item perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
+=back
-SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, AVAILABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, AUTHOR, FILES, SEE ALSO,
-DIAGNOSTICS, BUGS, NOTES
+=item Credits
-=item perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
-20:38:02 $)
+=item Author and Copyright Information
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Bundled Distributions
-DESCRIPTION
+=item Disclaimer
=back
+=item Changes
+
+1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
+24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
+Initial Release: 11/March/97
+
=back
=head2 perlbook - Perl book information
=item When to Still Use local()
-1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2.
-You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3.
-You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash
-
=item Pass by Reference
=item Prototypes
=item Using character classes
-\d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and
-represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and
-represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character
-but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace
-character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character
-[^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n"
-
=item Matching this or that
=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
=item Matching repetitions
-C<a?> = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C<a*> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e.,
-any number of times, C<a+> = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least
-once, C<a{n,m}> = match at least C<n> times, but not more than C<m> times,
-C<a{n,}> = match at least C<n> or more times, C<a{n}> = match exactly C<n>
-times
-
=item More matching
=item Search and replace
=item Using character classes
-\d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and
-represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and
-represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character
-but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace
-character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character
-[^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n", no modifiers (//):
-Default behavior. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^>
-matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the
-end or before a newline at the end, s modifier (//s): Treat string as a
-single long line. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. C<^>
-matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the
-end or before a newline at the end, m modifier (//m): Treat string as a set
-of multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> and
-C<$> are able to match at the start or end of I<any> line within the
-string, both s and m modifiers (//sm): Treat string as a single long line,
-but detect multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">.
-C<^> and C<$>, however, are able to match at the start or end of I<any>
-line within the string
-
=item Matching this or that
=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
-0 Start with the first letter in the string 'a', 1 Try the first
-alternative in the first group 'abd', 2 Match 'a' followed by 'b'. So far
-so good, 3 'd' in the regexp doesn't match 'c' in the string - a dead end.
-So backtrack two characters and pick the second alternative in the first
-group 'abc', 4 Match 'a' followed by 'b' followed by 'c'. We are on a roll
-and have satisfied the first group. Set $1 to 'abc', 5 Move on to the
-second group and pick the first alternative 'df', 6 Match the 'd', 7 'f' in
-the regexp doesn't match 'e' in the string, so a dead end. Backtrack one
-character and pick the second alternative in the second group 'd', 8 'd'
-matches. The second grouping is satisfied, so set $2 to 'd', 9 We are at
-the end of the regexp, so we are done! We have matched 'abcd' out of the
-string "abcde"
-
=item Extracting matches
=item Matching repetitions
-C<a?> = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C<a*> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e.,
-any number of times, C<a+> = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least
-once, C<a{n,m}> = match at least C<n> times, but not more than C<m> times,
-C<a{n,}> = match at least C<n> or more times, C<a{n}> = match exactly C<n>
-times, Principle 0: Taken as a whole, any regexp will be matched at the
-earliest possible position in the string, Principle 1: In an alternation
-C<a|b|c...>, the leftmost alternative that allows a match for the whole
-regexp will be the one used, Principle 2: The maximal matching quantifiers
-C<?>, C<*>, C<+> and C<{n,m}> will in general match as much of the string
-as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to match, Principle 3: If
-there are two or more elements in a regexp, the leftmost greedy quantifier,
-if any, will match as much of the string as possible while still allowing
-the whole regexp to match. The next leftmost greedy quantifier, if any,
-will try to match as much of the string remaining available to it as
-possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until
-all the regexp elements are satisfied, C<a??> = match 'a' 0 or 1 times. Try
-0 first, then 1, C<a*?> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., any number of
-times, but as few times as possible, C<a+?> = match 'a' 1 or more times,
-i.e., at least once, but as few times as possible, C<a{n,m}?> = match at
-least C<n> times, not more than C<m> times, as few times as possible,
-C<a{n,}?> = match at least C<n> times, but as few times as possible,
-C<a{n}?> = match exactly C<n> times. Because we match exactly C<n> times,
-C<a{n}?> is equivalent to C<a{n}> and is just there for notational
-consistency, Principle 3: If there are two or more elements in a regexp,
-the leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will match as much
-(little) of the string as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to
-match. The next leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will try
-to match as much (little) of the string remaining available to it as
-possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until
-all the regexp elements are satisfied, 0 Start with the first letter in the
-string 't', 1 The first quantifier '.*' starts out by matching the whole
-string 'the cat in the hat', 2 'a' in the regexp element 'at' doesn't match
-the end of the string. Backtrack one character, 3 'a' in the regexp
-element 'at' still doesn't match the last letter of the string 't', so
-backtrack one more character, 4 Now we can match the 'a' and the 't', 5
-Move on to the third element '.*'. Since we are at the end of the string
-and '.*' can match 0 times, assign it the empty string, 6 We are done!
-
=item Building a regexp
-specifying the task in detail,, breaking down the problem into smaller
-parts,, translating the small parts into regexps,, combining the regexps,,
-and optimizing the final combined regexp
-
=item Using regular expressions in Perl
=back
=item SECURITY
-B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
-B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>),
-B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
-B<Output formatting functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping
-functions> (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent
-functions> (localeconv(), strcoll(), strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX
-character class tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isgraph(),
-islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()):
-
=item ENVIRONMENT
PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
=item CPAN
-Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
-System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
-Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
-User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
-File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
-Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
-Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
-Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
-World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
-Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
-and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
-exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
-Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe,
-North America, South America
+Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, North America, South
+America
=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
-Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
-applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the
-reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
-to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
-can then be reduced to a small
-
=back
=item NOTE
=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
-a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted: (this assumes all true
-values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
-(b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any
-loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive
-integers:
+a), b), c), d), e)
=item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
=item ROADMAP
-Compiling your C program, Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program,
-Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program, Evaluating a Perl statement
-from your C program, Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from
-your C program, Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program,
-Maintaining a persistent interpreter, Maintaining multiple interpreter
-instances, Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your
-C program, Embedding Perl under Win32
-
=item Compiling your C program
=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
=item DESCRIPTION
-djSP, is_gv_magical, start_glob
+djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, start_glob
=item AUTHORS
=item Performance Enhancements
-sort() has been changed to use mergesort internally as opposed to the
-earlier quicksort. For very small lists this may result in slightly slower
-sorting times, but in general the speedup should be at least 20%.
-Additional bonuses are that the worst case behaviour of sort() is now
-better (in computer science terms it now runs in time O(N log N), as
-opposed to quicksort's Theta(N**2) worst-case run time behaviour), and that
-sort() is now stable (meaning that elements with identical keys will stay
-ordered as they were before the sort)
-
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=over 4
=item Selected Bug Fixes
-sort() arguments are now compiled in the right wantarray context (they were
-accidentally using the context of the sort() itself)
-
=over 4
=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
-Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), values() and
-C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS)
-enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed,
-C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator,
-Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit
-operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their
-results
+Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
+values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
+Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
+Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
+prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
+on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
=item C Source Incompatibilities
Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
-globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })>
-and C<(??{ code })>
+globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
=back
=item C Source Compatibility
-Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global variables must
-now be referenced with an explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source
-compatibility issues
-
=item Binary Compatibility
=item Security fixes may affect compatibility
package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
-detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s', Reference found
-where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use
-of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
+detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
+list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
+"%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
=item Obsolete Diagnostics
memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
-while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for
-"B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist,
-Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to
-mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with
-defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay
-shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in
-prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX,
-PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
+while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
+option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
+character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
+"${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
+Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
+Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
+Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
+long, Process terminated by SIG%s
=item BUGS
=item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
-fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file
-dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask()
-works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is
-finally close()d
-
=back
=item INSTALLATION
=back
+=head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Prerequisites
+
+DJGPP, Pthreads
+
+=item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
+
+=item Building
+
+=item Testing
+
+=item Installation
+
+=back
+
+=item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Prerequisites
+
+=item Unpacking CPAN Modules
+
+=item Building Non-XS Modules
+
+=item Building XS Modules
+
+=back
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=back
+
=head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
=over 4
=back
+=head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+=over 4
+
+=item What's New
+
+=item System Requirements
+
+=item How to Obtain Perl/iX
+
+=item Distribution Contents Highlights
+
+README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6
+
+=item Getting Started with Perl/iX
+
+=item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
+
+=item Change History
+
+=back
+
=head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
=over 4
=back
+=head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
+
+=over 4
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Setting Up
+
+Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
+
+=item Building
+
+=item Testing
+
+=item Installation
+
+=item Usage Hints
+
+Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
+Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
+Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
+
+=back
+
+=item BUGS AND CAVEATS
+
+=item AUTHORS
+
+Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
+E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
+E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item HISTORY
+
+=back
+
=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
=back
+=head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
+and non-UTF data.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=back
+
=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
=over 4
=item OPTIONS
B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
-B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>
+B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
=item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
=item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
-1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. For example,
--value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values,
-3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values'
-
=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
-B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
-type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
+B<Parameters:>
=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
-B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
-name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
-()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
+B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
+B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
=item USING NPH SCRIPTS
In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
-parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
+parameters
=item Server Push
=item FAQ
-1) I installed a new version of module X but CPAN keeps saying, I
-have the old version installed, 2) So why is UNINST=1 not the default?, 3)
-I want to clean up my mess, and install a new perl along with all
-modules I have. How do I go about it?, 4) When I install bundles or
-multiple modules with one command there is too much output to keep
-track of, 5) I am not root, how can I install a module in a personal
-directory?, 6) How to get a package, unwrap it, and make a change before
- building it?, 7) I installed a Bundle and had a couple of fails. When I
- retried, everything resolved nicely. Can this be fixed to work
-on first try?, 8) In our intranet we have many modules for internal use.
-How can I integrate these modules with CPAN.pm but without uploading
- the modules to CPAN?, 9) When I run CPAN's shell, I get error msg
-about line 1 to 4, setting meta input/output via the /etc/inputrc
-file, 10) Some authors have strange characters in their names
+1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
=item BUGS
=back
+=head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
+
=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
=over 4
MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
-PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT,
-PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
-XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
+PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
+PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
+VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
=item Additional lowercase attributes
=over 4
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+ use Filter::Util::Call ;
+
=item DESCRIPTION
=over 4
=back
+=head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
+text
+
+=over 4
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item BUGS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=back
+
=head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
text with format escapes
=item EXAMPLES
-0 a simple word, 1 multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2 use
-of quotes to include a space in a word, 3 use of a backslash to include a
-space in a word, 4 use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a
-double-quote, 5 another simple word (note the lack of effect of the
-backslashed double-quote)
-
=item AUTHORS
=back
Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
-PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown(MACHINE,
-MESSAGE, TIMEOUT, FORCECLOSE, REBOOT), Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(),
-Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(),
-Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE),
-Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
+PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
+Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
+Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
+SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff