+# !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
+# This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
+# Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
+
=head1 NAME
perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
=back
-=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
-17:37:17 $)
+=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
+
+=item The Solution
+
+=item Syntax
+
=over 4
-=item Where to get the perlfaq
+=item Making References
-=item How to contribute to the perlfaq
+=item Using References
-=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
-authors
+=item An Example
+
+=item Arrow Rule
=back
-=item Credits
+=item Solution
-=item Author and Copyright Information
+=item The Rest
+
+=item Summary
+
+=item Credits
=over 4
-=item Bundled Distributions
+=item Distribution Conditions
-=item Disclaimer
+=back
=back
-=item Table of Contents
+=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
-perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
-- Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
-- Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
-Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
-Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
+=over 4
-=item The Questions
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=over 4
+arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
+more elaborate constructs
-=item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
+=item REFERENCES
-=item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
+=item COMMON MISTAKES
-=item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
+=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
-=item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
+=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
-=item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
+=item DEBUGGING
-=item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
+=item CODE EXAMPLES
-=item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
+=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
-=item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
+=over 4
-=item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
+=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
-=back
+=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
+
+=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
=back
-=head2 perlbook - Perl book information
+=item HASHES OF ARRAYS
=over 4
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
+
+=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
+
+=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
=back
-=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
+=item ARRAYS OF HASHES
=over 4
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
-=over 4
+=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
-=item Declarations
+=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
-=item Comments
+=back
-=item Simple Statements
+=item HASHES OF HASHES
-=item Compound Statements
+=over 4
-=item Loop Control
+=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
-=item For Loops
+=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
-=item Foreach Loops
+=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
-=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
+=back
-=item Goto
+=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
-=item PODs: Embedded Documentation
+=over 4
-=item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
+=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
+
+=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
+
+=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
=back
+=item Database Ties
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
=back
-=head2 perldata - Perl data types
+=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
=over 4
=over 4
-=item Variable names
-
-=item Context
-
-=item Scalar values
-
-=item Scalar value constructors
+=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
-=item List value constructors
+=item Growing Your Own
-=item Subscripts
+=item Access and Printing
=item Slices
-=item Typeglobs and Filehandles
-
=back
=item SEE ALSO
+=item AUTHOR
+
=back
-=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
+=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
=over 4
-=item SYNOPSIS
-
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item The Guide
+
=over 4
-=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
+=item Simple word matching
-=item The Arrow Operator
+=item Using character classes
-=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
+=item Matching this or that
-=item Exponentiation
+=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
-=item Symbolic Unary Operators
+=item Extracting matches
-=item Binding Operators
+=item Matching repetitions
-=item Multiplicative Operators
+=item More matching
-=item Additive Operators
+=item Search and replace
-=item Shift Operators
+=item The split operator
-=item Named Unary Operators
+=back
-=item Relational Operators
+=item BUGS
-=item Equality Operators
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item Bitwise And
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
+=over 4
-=item C-style Logical And
+=item Acknowledgments
-=item C-style Logical Or
+=back
-=item C-style Logical Defined-Or
+=back
-=item Range Operators
+=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
-=item Conditional Operator
+=over 4
-=item Assignment Operators
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Comma Operator
+=item Part 1: The basics
-=item List Operators (Rightward)
+=over 4
-=item Logical Not
+=item Simple word matching
-=item Logical And
+=item Using character classes
-=item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
+=item Matching this or that
-=item C Operators Missing From Perl
+=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
-unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
+=item Extracting matches
-=item Quote and Quote-like Operators
+=item Matching repetitions
-=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
+=item Building a regexp
-?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
-qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
-s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
-y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
+=item Using regular expressions in Perl
-=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
+=back
-Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
-C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
-C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
-C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
-regular expressions
+=item Part 2: Power tools
-=item I/O Operators
+=over 4
-=item Constant Folding
+=item More on characters, strings, and character classes
-=item Bitwise String Operators
+=item Compiling and saving regular expressions
-=item Integer Arithmetic
+=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
-=item Floating-point Arithmetic
+=item Non-capturing groupings
-=item Bigger Numbers
+=item Looking ahead and looking behind
-=back
+=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
-=back
+=item Conditional expressions
-=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
+=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
-=over 4
+=item Pragmas and debugging
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=back
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item BUGS
-=over 4
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item Private Variables via my()
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=item Persistent Private Variables
+=over 4
-=item Temporary Values via local()
+=item Acknowledgments
-=item Lvalue subroutines
+=back
-Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
+=back
-=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
+=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
-=item When to Still Use local()
+=over 4
-=item Pass by Reference
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Prototypes
+=over 4
-=item Constant Functions
+=item If we could talk to the animals...
-=item Overriding Built-in Functions
+=item Introducing the method invocation arrow
-=item Autoloading
-
-=item Subroutine Attributes
+=item Invoking a barnyard
-=back
+=item The extra parameter of method invocation
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Calling a second method to simplify things
-=back
+=item Inheriting the windpipes
-=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
+=item A few notes about @ISA
-=over 4
+=item Overriding the methods
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Starting the search from a different place
-=over 4
+=item The SUPER way of doing things
-=item Perl Functions by Category
+=item Where we're at so far...
-Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
-Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
-Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
-length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
-Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
-to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
-groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
-object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
-communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
-info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
-in perl5
+=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
-=item Portability
+=item Invoking an instance method
-=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
+=item Accessing the instance data
--I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
-NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
-binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
-REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
-LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
-chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
-connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
-dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
-EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
-each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
-exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
-FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
-fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
-getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
-NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
-NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
-ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
-getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
-getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
-STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
-endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
-getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
-goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
-import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
-FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
-last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
-link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
-lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
-EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
-KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
-TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
-Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
-EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
-FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
-opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
-ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
-package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
-print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
-printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
-qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
-rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
-FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
-readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
-ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
-require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
-DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
-rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
-DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
-semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
-SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
-WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
-shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
-shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
-EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
-SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
-sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
-splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
-/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
-parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
-width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
-FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
-(PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
-substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
-EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
-FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
-FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
-FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
-FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
-syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
-VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
-FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
-ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
-TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
-Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
-VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
-PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
+=item How to build a horse
-=back
+=item Inheriting the constructor
-=back
+=item Making a method work with either classes or instances
-=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
+=item Adding parameters to a method
-=over 4
+=item More interesting instances
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item A horse of a different color
-=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
+=item Summary
-=item The Solution
+=back
-=item Syntax
+=item SEE ALSO
-=over 4
+=item COPYRIGHT
-=item Making References
+=back
-=item Using References
+=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
-=item An Example
+=over 4
-=item Arrow Rule
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=back
+=item Creating a Class
-=item Solution
+=over 4
-=item The Rest
+=item Object Representation
-=item Summary
+=item Class Interface
-=item Credits
+=item Constructors and Instance Methods
-=over 4
+=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
-=item Distribution Conditions
+=item Destructors
-=back
+=item Other Object Methods
=back
-=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
+=item Class Data
=over 4
-=item DESCRIPTION
-
-arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
-more elaborate constructs
-
-=item REFERENCES
+=item Accessing Class Data
-=item COMMON MISTAKES
+=item Debugging Methods
-=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
+=item Class Destructors
-=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
+=item Documenting the Interface
-=item DEBUGGING
+=back
-=item CODE EXAMPLES
+=item Aggregation
-=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
+=item Inheritance
=over 4
-=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
+=item Overridden Methods
-=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
+=item Multiple Inheritance
-=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
+=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
=back
-=item HASHES OF ARRAYS
+=item Alternate Object Representations
=over 4
-=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
-
-=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
+=item Arrays as Objects
-=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
+=item Closures as Objects
=back
-=item ARRAYS OF HASHES
+=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
=over 4
-=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
-
-=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
+=item Autoloaded Data Methods
-=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
+=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
=back
-=item HASHES OF HASHES
+=item Metaclassical Tools
=over 4
-=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
-
-=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
+=item Class::Struct
-=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
+=item Data Members as Variables
=back
-=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
+=item NOTES
=over 4
-=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
+=item Object Terminology
-=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
+=back
-=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
+=item SEE ALSO
-=back
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-=item Database Ties
+=item COPYRIGHT
-=item SEE ALSO
+=over 4
-=item AUTHOR
+=item Acknowledgments
=back
-=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
+=back
+
+=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item The Guide
+=item Class Data in a Can
+
+=item Class Data as Package Variables
=over 4
-=item Simple word matching
+=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
-=item Using character classes
+=item Inheritance Concerns
-=item Matching this or that
+=item The Eponymous Meta-Object
-=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
+=item Indirect References to Class Data
-=item Extracting matches
+=item Monadic Classes
-=item Matching repetitions
+=item Translucent Attributes
-=item More matching
+=back
-=item Search and replace
+=item Class Data as Lexical Variables
-=item The split operator
+=over 4
-=back
+=item Privacy and Responsibility
-=item BUGS
+=item File-Scoped Lexicals
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item More Inheritance Concerns
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
-=over 4
-
-=item Acknowledgments
+=item Translucency Revisited
=back
+=item NOTES
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
+
+=item HISTORY
+
=back
-=head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
+=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=over 4
+=item OO SCALING TIPS
-=item Ordinary Paragraph
+=item INSTANCE VARIABLES
-=item Verbatim Paragraph
+=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
-=item Command Paragraph
+=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
-C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
-Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
-I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
-I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
+=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
-=item Formatting Codes
+=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
-C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
-C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
-C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
-for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
-C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
-(zero-effect) formatting code
+=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
-=item The Intent
+=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
-=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
+=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
-=item Hints for Writing Pod
+=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
-=back
+=item DELEGATION
=item SEE ALSO
-=item AUTHOR
-
=back
-=head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
-notes
+=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Pod Definitions
-
-=item Pod Commands
-
-"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
-"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
-
-=item Pod Formatting Codes
-
-C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
-C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
-filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
-null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
-C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
-contains non-breaking spaces
-
-=item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
-
-=item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
+=back
-First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
+=head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
-=item About =over...=back Regions
+=over 4
-=item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item SEE ALSO
+=over 4
-=item AUTHOR
+=item The sheet
=back
-=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
+=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
-=over 4
+=item AUTHOR
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
=back
-=head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
+=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=over 4
+=item use strict
-=item The sheet
+=item Looking at data and -w and v
-=back
+=item help
-=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
+=item Stepping through code
-=item AUTHOR
+=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
-=back
+=item OUTPUT TIPS
-=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
+=item CGI
-=over 4
+=item GUIs
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item SUMMARY
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item SEE ALSO
-=over 4
+=item AUTHOR
-=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
+=item CONTRIBUTORS
-OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
+=back
-=item Location of Perl
+=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
+17:37:17 $)
-=item Command Switches
+=over 4
-B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
-[I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>,
-B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
-B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
-B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
-B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
-B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
-B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=back
+=over 4
-=item ENVIRONMENT
+=item Where to get the perlfaq
-HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
-:perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
-PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
-PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG,
-PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS, PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN
-(specific to the VMS port)
+=item How to contribute to the perlfaq
+
+=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
+authors
=back
-=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
+=item Credits
+
+=item Author and Copyright Information
=over 4
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Bundled Distributions
+
+=item Disclaimer
=back
-=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
+=item Table of Contents
-=over 4
+perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
+- Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
+- Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
+Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
+Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item The Questions
=over 4
-=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
-
-=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
-
-=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
+=item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
-B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>
+=item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
-=item Backward Compatibility
+=item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
-=item Category Hierarchy
+=item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
-=item Fatal Warnings
+=item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
-=item Reporting Warnings from a Module
+=item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
-=back
+=item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
-=item TODO
+=item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
-=item AUTHOR
+=back
=back
-=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
+=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
+2003/07/09 15:47:28 $)
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item use strict
+=over 4
-=item Looking at data and -w and v
+=item What is Perl?
-=item help
+=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
-=item Stepping through code
+=item Which version of Perl should I use?
-=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
+=item What are perl4 and perl5?
-=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
+=item What is Ponie?
-=item OUTPUT TIPS
+=item What is perl6?
-=item CGI
+=item How stable is Perl?
-=item GUIs
+=item Is Perl difficult to learn?
-=item SUMMARY
+=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
+Scheme, or Tcl?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Can I do [task] in Perl?
-=item AUTHOR
+=item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
-=item CONTRIBUTORS
+=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
+
+=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
+
+=item What is a JAPH?
+
+=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
+
+=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
+5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
=back
-=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.20 $,
+$Date: 2003/01/26 17:50:56 $)
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item The Perl Debugger
-
=over 4
-=item Debugger Commands
+=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
-h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
-[level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
-min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
-?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
-subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
-compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
-expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
-command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
-command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
-file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
-[manpage]
+=item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
-=item Configurable Options
+=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
-C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
-C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
-C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
-C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
-C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
-C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
-C<NonStop>
+=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
+don't work.
-=item Debugger input/output
+=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
+loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
-Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
-listing
+=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
+What does CPAN/src/... mean?
-=item Debugging compile-time statements
+=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
-=item Debugger Customization
+=item Where can I get information on Perl?
-=item Readline Support
+=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
-=item Editor Support for Debugging
+=item Where should I post source code?
-=item The Perl Profiler
+=item Perl Books
-=back
+References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
-=item Debugging regular expressions
+=item Perl in Magazines
-=item Debugging memory usage
+=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
-=item BUGS
+=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
+
+=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
+
+=item Where do I send bug reports?
+
+=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
=back
-=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.33 $, $Date: 2003/01/31
+17:34:56 $)
=over 4
=over 4
-=item Predefined Names
+=item How do I do (anything)?
-$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
-$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
-HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
-IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
-HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
-IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
-IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
-$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
-HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
-HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
-HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
-@-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
-C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
-$+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
-is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
-C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
-$FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
-IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
-$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
-$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
-$OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
-$PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
-$>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
-$PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
-$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
-${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
-0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
-$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
-$PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
-ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
-$SIG{expr}
+=item How can I use Perl interactively?
-=item Error Indicators
+=item Is there a Perl shell?
-=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
+=item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
-=back
+=item How do I debug my Perl programs?
-=item BUGS
+=item How do I profile my Perl programs?
-=back
+=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
-=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
+=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
-=over 4
+=item Is there a ctags for Perl?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
-=over 4
+Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
+GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
+MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
-=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
+=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
-=item Growing Your Own
+=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
-=item Access and Printing
+=item How can I use curses with Perl?
-=item Slices
+=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
-=back
+=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
-=item AUTHOR
+=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
-=back
+Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
+stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
-=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
+=item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
-=over 4
+=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
-=item Open E<agrave> la shell
+=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
-=over 4
+=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
-=item Simple Opens
+=item How can I compile Perl into Java?
-=item Indirect Filehandles
+=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
-=item Pipe Opens
+=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
-=item The Minus File
+=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
-=item Mixing Reads and Writes
+=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
-=item Filters
+=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
-=back
+=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
-=item Open E<agrave> la C
+=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
+my C program; what am I doing wrong?
-=over 4
+=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
-=item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
+=item What's MakeMaker?
=back
-=item Obscure Open Tricks
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.44 $, $Date: 2003/07/28
+17:35:21 $)
=over 4
-=item Re-Opening Files (dups)
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Dispelling the Dweomer
+=item Data: Numbers
-=item Paths as Opens
+=over 4
-=item Single Argument Open
+=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
+numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
-=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
+=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
-=back
+=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
+Trig functions?
-=item Other I/O Issues
+=item How do I convert between numeric representations?
-=over 4
+How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
+hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
+decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
+from decimal to binary
-=item Opening Non-File Files
+=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
-=item Opening Named Pipes
+=item How do I multiply matrices?
-=item Opening Sockets
+=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
-=item Binary Files
+=item How can I output Roman numerals?
-=item File Locking
+=item Why aren't my random numbers random?
-=item IO Layers
+=item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
=back
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Data: Dates
-=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
+=over 4
-=item HISTORY
+=item How do I find the day or week of the year?
-=back
+=item How do I find the current century or millennium?
-=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
+=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
-=over 4
+=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item How can I find the Julian Day?
-=item The Basic Principle
+=item How do I find yesterday's date?
-=item Packing Text
+=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
-=item Packing Numbers
+=back
+
+=item Data: Strings
=over 4
-=item Integers
+=item How do I validate input?
-=item Unpacking a Stack Frame
+=item How do I unescape a string?
-=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
+=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
-=item Floating point Numbers
+=item How do I expand function calls in a string?
-=back
+=item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
-=item Exotic Templates
+=item How do I reverse a string?
-=over 4
+=item How do I expand tabs in a string?
-=item Bit Strings
+=item How do I reformat a paragraph?
-=item Uuencoding
+=item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
-=item Doing Sums
+=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
-=item Unicode
+=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
+string?
-=item Another Portable Binary Encoding
+=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
-=back
+=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
+[character]?
-=item Template Grouping
+=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
-=item Lengths and Widths
+=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
-=over 4
+=item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
-=item String Lengths
+=item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
-=item Dynamic Templates
+=item How can I expand variables in text strings?
-=item Counting Repetitions
+=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
+
+=item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
+
+There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
+be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
+the tag
=back
-=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
+=item Data: Arrays
=over 4
-=item The Alignment Pit
+=item What is the difference between a list and an array?
-=item Alignment, Take 2
+=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
-=item Alignment, Take 3
+=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
-=item Pointers for How to Use Them
-
-=back
-
-=item Pack Recipes
-
-=item Funnies Section
-
-=item Authors
-
-=back
+a), b), c), d), e)
-=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
+=item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
+array?
-=over 4
+=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
+intersection of two arrays?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
-=item Part 1: The basics
+=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
-=over 4
+=item How do I handle linked lists?
-=item Simple word matching
+=item How do I handle circular lists?
-=item Using character classes
+=item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
-=item Matching this or that
+=item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
-=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
+=item How do I select a random element from an array?
-=item Extracting matches
+=item How do I permute N elements of a list?
-=item Matching repetitions
+=item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
-=item Building a regexp
+=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
-=item Using regular expressions in Perl
+=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
=back
-=item Part 2: Power tools
+=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
=over 4
-=item More on characters, strings, and character classes
-
-=item Compiling and saving regular expressions
+=item How do I process an entire hash?
-=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
+=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
+it?
-=item Non-capturing groupings
+=item How do I look up a hash element by value?
-=item Looking ahead and looking behind
+=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
-=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
+=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
-=item Conditional expressions
+=item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
-=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
+=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
-=item Pragmas and debugging
+=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
-=back
+=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
-=item BUGS
+=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
-=over 4
+=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
+it?
-=item Acknowledgments
+=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
+array of hashes or arrays?
-=back
+=item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
=back
-=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
-
-=over 4
-
-=item DESCRIPTION
-
-i, m, s, x
+=item Data: Misc
=over 4
-=item Regular Expressions
-
-[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
-
-=item Extended Patterns
-
-C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
-C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
-code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
-C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
-
-=item Backtracking
+=item How do I handle binary data correctly?
-=item Version 8 Regular Expressions
+=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
-=item Warning on \1 vs $1
+=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
-=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
+=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
-=item Combining pieces together
+=item How do I define methods for every class/object?
-C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
-C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
-C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
-C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
+=item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
-=item Creating custom RE engines
+=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
=back
-=item BUGS
-
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=back
-=head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
+=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
+17:45:46 $)
=over 4
=over 4
-=item OPERATORS
-
-=item SYNTAX
-
-=item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
-
-=item CHARACTER CLASSES
+=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
-=item ANCHORS
+=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
+line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
-=item QUANTIFIERS
+=item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
-=item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
+=item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
-=item VARIABLES
+=item How do I make a temporary file name?
-=item FUNCTIONS
+=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
-=item TERMINOLOGY
+=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
+filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
-=back
+=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
-=item AUTHOR
+=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item How can I write() into a string?
-=item THANKS
+=item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
-=back
+=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
-=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
+=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
-=over 4
+=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
+E<lt>*E<gt>?
-=item NOTE
+=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
-=over 4
+=item How can I reliably rename a file?
-=item Making References
+=item How can I lock a file?
-=item Using References
+=item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
-=item Symbolic references
+=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
+the file. How can I do this?
-=item Not-so-symbolic references
+=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
+file. Do I still have to use locking?
-=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
+=item How do I randomly update a binary file?
-=item Function Templates
+=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
-=back
+=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
-=item WARNING
+=item How do I print to more than one file at once?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
-=back
+=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
-=head2 perlform - Perl formats
+=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
-=over 4
+=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
-=over 4
+=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
-=item Format Variables
+=item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
-=back
+=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
+`C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
-=item NOTES
+=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
-=over 4
+=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
+protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
-=item Footers
+=item How do I select a random line from a file?
-=item Accessing Formatting Internals
+=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
=back
-=item WARNINGS
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=back
-=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
+=head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
+20:05:28 $)
=over 4
=over 4
-=item If we could talk to the animals...
+=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
+and unmaintainable code?
-=item Introducing the method invocation arrow
+Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
-=item Invoking a barnyard
+=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
-=item The extra parameter of method invocation
+=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
+different lines?
-=item Calling a second method to simplify things
+=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
-=item Inheriting the windpipes
+=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
+case on the RHS?
-=item A few notes about @ISA
+=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
-=item Overriding the methods
+=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
-=item Starting the search from a different place
+=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
-=item The SUPER way of doing things
+=item What is C</o> really for?
-=item Where we're at so far...
+=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
+file?
-=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
+=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
-=item Invoking an instance method
+=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
-=item Accessing the instance data
+=item How do I process each word on each line?
-=item How to build a horse
+=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
-=item Inheriting the constructor
+=item How can I do approximate matching?
-=item Making a method work with either classes or instances
+=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
-=item Adding parameters to a method
+=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
-=item More interesting instances
+=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
-=item A horse of a different color
+=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
-=item Summary
+=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
-=back
+=item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
-=item COPYRIGHT
+=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
=back
-=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
+2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Creating a Class
-
=over 4
-=item Object Representation
+=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
-=item Class Interface
+=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
+use them?
-=item Constructors and Instance Methods
+=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
+commas?
-=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
+=item How do I skip some return values?
-=item Destructors
+=item How do I temporarily block warnings?
-=item Other Object Methods
+=item What's an extension?
-=back
+=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
-=item Class Data
+=item How do I declare/create a structure?
-=over 4
+=item How do I create a module?
-=item Accessing Class Data
+=item How do I create a class?
-=item Debugging Methods
+=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
-=item Class Destructors
+=item What's a closure?
-=item Documenting the Interface
+=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
-=back
+=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
+Regex}?
-=item Aggregation
+Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
+Passing Methods
-=item Inheritance
+=item How do I create a static variable?
-=over 4
+=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
+Between local() and my()?
-=item Overridden Methods
+=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
+is in scope?
-=item Multiple Inheritance
+=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
-=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
+=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
-=back
+=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
-=item Alternate Object Representations
+=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
-=over 4
+=item How do I create a switch or case statement?
-=item Arrays as Objects
+=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
+methods?
-=item Closures as Objects
+=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
-=back
+=item How can I find out my current package?
-=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
+=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
-=over 4
+=item How do I clear a package?
-=item Autoloaded Data Methods
+=item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
-=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
+=item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
=back
-=item Metaclassical Tools
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
+17:44:04 $)
=over 4
-=item Class::Struct
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Data Members as Variables
+=over 4
-=back
+=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
-=item NOTES
+=item How come exec() doesn't return?
-=over 4
+=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
-=item Object Terminology
+Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
-=back
+=item How do I print something out in color?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
-=item COPYRIGHT
+=item How do I clear the screen?
-=over 4
+=item How do I get the screen size?
-=item Acknowledgments
+=item How do I ask the user for a password?
-=back
+=item How do I read and write the serial port?
-=back
+lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
-=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
+=item How do I decode encrypted password files?
-=over 4
+=item How do I start a process in the background?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
-=item Class Data in a Can
+=item How do I trap control characters/signals?
-=item Class Data as Package Variables
+=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
-=over 4
+=item How do I set the time and date?
-=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
+=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
-=item Inheritance Concerns
+=item How can I measure time under a second?
-=item The Eponymous Meta-Object
+=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
-=item Indirect References to Class Data
+=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
+does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
-=item Monadic Classes
+=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
-=item Translucent Attributes
+=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
-=back
+=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
-=item Class Data as Lexical Variables
+=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
-=over 4
+=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
-=item Privacy and Responsibility
+=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
-=item File-Scoped Lexicals
+=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
-=item More Inheritance Concerns
+=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
-=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
+=item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
-=item Translucency Revisited
+=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
+^Z on MS-DOS)?
-=back
+=item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
-=item NOTES
+=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item How can I write expect in Perl?
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
+"ps"?
-=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
+=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
+come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
+changes to be visible?
-=item HISTORY
+Unix
-=back
+=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
+complete?
-=head2 perlobj - Perl objects
+=item How do I fork a daemon process?
-=over 4
+=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item How do I timeout a slow event?
-=over 4
+=item How do I set CPU limits?
-=item An Object is Simply a Reference
+=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
-=item A Class is Simply a Package
+=item How do I use an SQL database?
-=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
+=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
-=item Method Invocation
+=item How do I open a file without blocking?
-=item Indirect Object Syntax
+=item How do I install a module from CPAN?
-=item Default UNIVERSAL methods
+=item What's the difference between require and use?
-isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
+=item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
-=item Destructors
+=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
+search path?
-=item Summary
+=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
-=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
+=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
=back
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=back
-=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
+=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
+$)
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item OO SCALING TIPS
+=over 4
-=item INSTANCE VARIABLES
+=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
-=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
+=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
+Server Error)
-=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
+=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
-=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
+=item How do I remove HTML from a string?
-=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
+=item How do I extract URLs?
-=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
+=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
+file on another machine?
-=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
+=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
-=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
+=item How do I fetch an HTML file?
-=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
+=item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
-=item DELEGATION
+=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item How do I redirect to another page?
-=back
+=item How do I put a password on my web pages?
-=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
+=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
-=over 4
+=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
+CGI script to do bad things?
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item How do I parse a mail header?
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item How do I decode a CGI form?
-=over 4
+=item How do I check a valid mail address?
-=item Tying Scalars
+=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
-TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
-DESTROY this
+=item How do I return the user's mail address?
-=item Tying Arrays
-
-TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
-FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
-key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
-UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
-this
+=item How do I send mail?
-=item Tying Hashes
+=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
-USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
-this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
-this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
+=item How do I read mail?
-=item Tying FileHandles
+=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
-TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
-LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
-DESTROY this
+=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
-=item UNTIE this
+=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
-=item The C<untie> Gotcha
+=item How can I do RPC in Perl?
=back
-=item SEE ALSO
-
-=item BUGS
-
-=item AUTHOR
+=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=back
-=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
-safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
+=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Signals
-
-=over 4
-
-=item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
-
-=back
-
-=item Named Pipes
-
=over 4
-=item Deferred Signals (Safe signals)
+=item Declarations
-Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
-"faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
+=item Comments
-=back
+=item Simple Statements
-=item Using open() for IPC
+=item Compound Statements
-=over 4
+=item Loop Control
-=item Filehandles
+=item For Loops
-=item Background Processes
+=item Foreach Loops
-=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
+=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
-=item Safe Pipe Opens
+=item Goto
-=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
+=item PODs: Embedded Documentation
-=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
+=item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
=back
-=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
-
-=over 4
-
-=item Internet Line Terminators
-
-=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
-
-=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
-
=back
-=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
+=head2 perldata - Perl data types
=over 4
-=item A Simple Client
-
-C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item A Webget Client
+=over 4
-=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
+=item Variable names
-=back
+=item Context
-=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
+=item Scalar values
-Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
+=item Scalar value constructors
-=item UDP: Message Passing
+=item List value constructors
-=item SysV IPC
+=item Subscripts
-=item NOTES
+=item Slices
-=item BUGS
+=item Typeglobs and Filehandles
-=item AUTHOR
+=back
=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
+=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
=over 4
=over 4
-=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
-
-$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
-filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
-files, directories and network sockets
-
-=item Resource limits
-
-=item Killing the parent process
-
-=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
+=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
-=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
+=item The Arrow Operator
-BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
-Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
-application, Thread-safety of extensions
+=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
-=back
+=item Exponentiation
-=item BUGS
+=item Symbolic Unary Operators
-=item AUTHOR
+=item Binding Operators
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Multiplicative Operators
-=back
+=item Additive Operators
-=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
+=item Shift Operators
-=over 4
+=item Named Unary Operators
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item Relational Operators
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Equality Operators
-=item Storing numbers
+=item Bitwise And
-=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
+=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
-=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
+=item C-style Logical And
-Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
-mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
-integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
-string
+=item C-style Logical Or
-=item AUTHOR
+=item C-style Logical Defined-Or
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Range Operators
-=back
+=item Conditional Operator
-=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
+=item Assignment Operators
-=over 4
+=item Comma Operator
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item List Operators (Rightward)
-=item Status
+=item Logical Not
-=item What Is A Thread Anyway?
+=item Logical And
-=item Threaded Program Models
+=item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
-=over 4
+=item C Operators Missing From Perl
-=item Boss/Worker
+unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
-=item Work Crew
+=item Quote and Quote-like Operators
-=item Pipeline
+=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
-=back
+?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
+qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
+s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
+y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
-=item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
+=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
-=item Thread-Safe Modules
+Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
+C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
+C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
+C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
+regular expressions
-=item Thread Basics
+=item I/O Operators
-=over 4
+=item Constant Folding
-=item Basic Thread Support
+=item Bitwise String Operators
-=item A Note about the Examples
+=item Integer Arithmetic
-=item Creating Threads
+=item Floating-point Arithmetic
-=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
+=item Bigger Numbers
-=item Ignoring A Thread
+=back
=back
-=item Threads And Data
+=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
=over 4
-=item Shared And Unshared Data
-
-=item Thread Pitfalls: Races
-
-=back
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item Synchronization and control
+=item DESCRIPTION
=over 4
-=item Controlling access: lock()
+=item Private Variables via my()
-=item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
+=item Persistent Private Variables
-=item Queues: Passing Data Around
+=item Temporary Values via local()
-=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
+=item Lvalue subroutines
-=item Basic semaphores
+Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
-=item Advanced Semaphores
+=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
-=item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
+=item When to Still Use local()
-=item Giving up control
+=item Pass by Reference
-=back
+=item Prototypes
-=item General Thread Utility Routines
+=item Constant Functions
-=over 4
+=item Overriding Built-in Functions
-=item What Thread Am I In?
+=item Autoloading
-=item Thread IDs
+=item Subroutine Attributes
-=item Are These Threads The Same?
+=back
-=item What Threads Are Running?
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=item A Complete Example
-
-=item Different implementations of threads
+=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
-=item Performance considerations
+=over 4
-=item Process-scope Changes
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
+=over 4
-=item Conclusion
+=item Perl Functions by Category
-=item Bibliography
-
-=over 4
+Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
+Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
+Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
+length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
+Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
+to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
+groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
+object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
+communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
+info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
+in perl5
-=item Introductory Texts
+=item Portability
-=item OS-Related References
+=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-=item Other References
+-I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
+NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
+binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
+REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
+LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
+chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
+connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
+dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
+EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
+each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
+exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
+FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
+fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
+getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
+NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
+NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
+ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
+getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
+getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
+STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
+endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
+getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
+goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
+import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
+FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
+last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
+link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
+lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
+EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
+KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
+TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
+Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
+EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
+FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
+opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
+ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
+package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
+print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
+printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
+qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
+rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
+FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
+readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
+ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
+require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
+DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
+rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
+DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
+semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
+SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
+WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
+shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
+shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
+EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
+SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
+sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
+splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
+/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
+parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
+width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
+FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
+(PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
+substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
+EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen
+FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
+FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
+FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
+FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
+syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
+VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
+FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
+ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
+TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
+Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
+VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
+PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
=back
-=item Acknowledgements
-
-=item AUTHOR
-
-=item Copyrights
-
=back
-=head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
+=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item What Is A Thread Anyway?
-
-=item Threaded Program Models
+=item Open E<agrave> la shell
=over 4
-=item Boss/Worker
+=item Simple Opens
-=item Work Crew
+=item Indirect Filehandles
-=item Pipeline
+=item Pipe Opens
-=back
+=item The Minus File
-=item Native threads
+=item Mixing Reads and Writes
-=item What kind of threads are perl threads?
+=item Filters
-=item Threadsafe Modules
+=back
-=item Thread Basics
+=item Open E<agrave> la C
=over 4
-=item Basic Thread Support
-
-=item Creating Threads
-
-=item Giving up control
-
-=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
-
-=item Errors In Threads
-
-=item Ignoring A Thread
+=item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
=back
-=item Threads And Data
+=item Obscure Open Tricks
=over 4
-=item Shared And Unshared Data
+=item Re-Opening Files (dups)
-=item Thread Pitfall: Races
+=item Dispelling the Dweomer
-=item Controlling access: lock()
+=item Paths as Opens
-=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
+=item Single Argument Open
-=item Queues: Passing Data Around
+=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
=back
-=item Threads And Code
+=item Other I/O Issues
=over 4
-=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
+=item Opening Non-File Files
-Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
+=item Opening Named Pipes
-=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
+=item Opening Sockets
-=item Subroutine Locks
+=item Binary Files
-=item Methods
+=item File Locking
-=item Locking A Subroutine
+=item IO Layers
=back
-=item General Thread Utility Routines
+=item SEE ALSO
-=over 4
+=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
-=item What Thread Am I In?
+=item HISTORY
-=item Thread IDs
+=back
-=item Are These Threads The Same?
+=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
-=item What Threads Are Running?
+=over 4
-=back
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item A Complete Example
+=item The Basic Principle
-=item Conclusion
+=item Packing Text
-=item Bibliography
+=item Packing Numbers
=over 4
-=item Introductory Texts
+=item Integers
-=item OS-Related References
+=item Unpacking a Stack Frame
-=item Other References
+=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
+
+=item Floating point Numbers
=back
-=item Acknowledgements
+=item Exotic Templates
-=item AUTHOR
+=over 4
-=item Copyrights
+=item Bit Strings
-=back
+=item Uuencoding
-=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
+=item Doing Sums
-=over 4
+=item Unicode
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Another Portable Binary Encoding
-Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
-portable
+=back
-=item ISSUES
+=item Template Grouping
-=over 4
+=item Lengths and Widths
-=item Newlines
+=over 4
-=item Numbers endianness and Width
+=item String Lengths
-=item Files and Filesystems
+=item Dynamic Templates
-=item System Interaction
+=item Counting Repetitions
-=item Command names versus file pathnames
+=back
-=item Networking
+=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
-=item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
+=over 4
-=item External Subroutines (XS)
+=item The Alignment Pit
-=item Standard Modules
+=item Alignment, Take 2
-=item Time and Date
+=item Alignment, Take 3
-=item Character sets and character encoding
+=item Pointers for How to Use Them
-=item Internationalisation
+=back
-=item System Resources
+=item Pack Recipes
-=item Security
+=item Funnies Section
-=item Style
+=item Authors
=back
-=item CPAN Testers
+=head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
-Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
-http://testers.cpan.org/
+=over 4
-=item PLATFORMS
+=item DESCRIPTION
=over 4
-=item Unix
+=item Ordinary Paragraph
-=item DOS and Derivatives
+=item Verbatim Paragraph
-=item S<Mac OS>
+=item Command Paragraph
-=item VMS
+C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
+Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
+I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
+I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding
+I<encodingname>>
-=item VOS
-
-=item EBCDIC Platforms
-
-=item Acorn RISC OS
-
-=item Other perls
-
-=back
+=item Formatting Codes
-=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
+C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
+C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
+C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
+for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
+C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
+(zero-effect) formatting code
-=over 4
+=item The Intent
-=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
+=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
--I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
-FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
-PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
-LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
-FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
-WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
-getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
-getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent,
-getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
-STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
-endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
-SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
-kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
-lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
-ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
-READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
-RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
-KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
-setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
-SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
-shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
-socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
-EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
-FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
-FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
-wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
+=item Hints for Writing Pod
=back
-=item CHANGES
-
-v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
-v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
-v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
-1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
-1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
-1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
-
-=item Supported Platforms
-
=item SEE ALSO
-=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
+=item AUTHOR
=back
-=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
-localization)
+=head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
+notes
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
-
-=item USING LOCALES
+=item Pod Definitions
-=over 4
+=item Pod Commands
-=item The use locale pragma
+"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
+"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
+"=encoding encodingname"
-=item The setlocale function
+=item Pod Formatting Codes
-=item Finding locales
+C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
+C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
+filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
+null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
+C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
+contains non-breaking spaces
-=item LOCALE PROBLEMS
+=item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
-=item Temporarily fixing locale problems
+=item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
-=item Permanently fixing locale problems
+First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
-=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
+=item About =over...=back Regions
-=item Fixing system locale configuration
+=item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
-=item The localeconv function
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item I18N::Langinfo
+=item AUTHOR
=back
-=item LOCALE CATEGORIES
+=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
=over 4
-=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
-
-=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
-
-=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
-
-=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
-
-=item LC_TIME
-
-=item Other categories
-
-=back
-
-=item SECURITY
-
-=item ENVIRONMENT
-
-PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
-LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item NOTES
+=item DESCRIPTION
=over 4
-=item Backward compatibility
-
-=item I18N:Collate obsolete
-
-=item Sort speed and memory use impacts
+=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
-=item write() and LC_NUMERIC
+OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
-=item Freely available locale definitions
+=item Location of Perl
-=item I18n and l10n
+=item Command Switches
-=item An imperfect standard
+B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
+[I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>,
+B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
+B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
+B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
+B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
+B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
+B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
=back
-=item Unicode and UTF-8
-
-=item BUGS
-
-=over 4
+=item ENVIRONMENT
-=item Broken systems
+HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
+:perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
+PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
+PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG,
+PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS, PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN
+(specific to the VMS port)
=back
-=item SEE ALSO
+=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
-=item HISTORY
+=over 4
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
=back
-=head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
+=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
=over 4
=over 4
-=item Unicode
-
-=item Perl's Unicode Support
-
-=item Perl's Unicode Model
-
-=item Unicode and EBCDIC
-
-=item Creating Unicode
-
-=item Handling Unicode
-
-=item Legacy Encodings
-
-=item Unicode I/O
+=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
-=item Displaying Unicode As Text
+=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
-=item Special Cases
+=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
-=item Advanced Topics
+B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>
-=item Miscellaneous
+=item Backward Compatibility
-=item Questions With Answers
+=item Category Hierarchy
-=item Hexadecimal Notation
+=item Fatal Warnings
-=item Further Resources
+=item Reporting Warnings from a Module
=back
-=item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
+=item TODO
=item SEE ALSO
-=item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
-
-=item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
+=item AUTHOR
=back
-=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
+=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item The Perl Debugger
+
=over 4
-=item Important Caveats
+=item Debugger Commands
-Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
-enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
+h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
+[level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
+min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
+?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
+subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
+compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
+expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
+command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
+command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
+file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
+[manpage]
-=item Byte and Character Semantics
+=item Configurable Options
-=item Effects of Character Semantics
+C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
+C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
+C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
+C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
+C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
+C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
+C<NonStop>
-=item Scripts
+=item Debugger input/output
-=item Blocks
+Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
+listing
-=item User-Defined Character Properties
+=item Debugging compile-time statements
-=item Character Encodings for Input and Output
+=item Debugger Customization
-=item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
+=item Readline Support
-=item Unicode Encodings
+=item Editor Support for Debugging
-=item Security Implications of Unicode
+=item The Perl Profiler
-=item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
+=back
-=item Locales
+=item Debugging regular expressions
-=item When Unicode Does Not Happen
+=item Debugging memory usage
-=item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item Using Unicode in XS
+=item BUGS
=back
-=item BUGS
+=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
=over 4
-=item Interaction with Locales
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Interaction with Extensions
+=over 4
-=item Speed
+=item Predefined Names
-=item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
+$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
+$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
+HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
+IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
+HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
+IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
+IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
+$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#,
+HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
+HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
+HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
+@-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
+C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
+$+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
+is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
+C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
+$FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
+IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
+$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
+$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
+$OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
+$PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
+$>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
+$PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
+$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
+${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
+0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
+$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
+$PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
+ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
+$SIG{expr}
+
+=item Error Indicators
+
+=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
=back
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item BUGS
=back
-=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
+=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
+i, m, s, x
=over 4
-=item ASCII
-
-=item ISO 8859
+=item Regular Expressions
-=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
+[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
-=item EBCDIC
+=item Extended Patterns
-=item 13 variant characters
+C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
+C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
+code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
+C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
-=item 0037
+=item Backtracking
-=item 1047
+=item Version 8 Regular Expressions
-=item POSIX-BC
+=item Warning on \1 vs $1
-=item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
+=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
-=item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
+=item Combining pieces together
-=item Unicode and UTF
+C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
+C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
+C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
+C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
-=item Using Encode
+=item Creating custom RE engines
=back
-=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
+=item BUGS
-recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
+=back
-=item CONVERSIONS
+=head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
=over 4
-=item tr///
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item iconv
+=over 4
-=item C RTL
+=item OPERATORS
-=back
+=item SYNTAX
-=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
+=item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
-=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
+=item CHARACTER CLASSES
-chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
+=item ANCHORS
-=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
+=item QUANTIFIERS
-=item SOCKETS
+=item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
-=item SORTING
+=item VARIABLES
-=over 4
+=item FUNCTIONS
-=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
+=item TERMINOLOGY
-=item MONO CASE then sort data.
+=back
-=item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
+=item AUTHOR
-=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item THANKS
=back
-=item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
+=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
=over 4
-=item URL decoding and encoding
+=item NOTE
-=item uu encoding and decoding
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
+=over 4
-=item Caesarian ciphers
+=item Making References
-=back
+=item Using References
-=item Hashing order and checksums
+=item Symbolic references
-=item I18N AND L10N
+=item Not-so-symbolic references
-=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
+=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
-=item OS ISSUES
+=item Function Templates
-=over 4
+=back
-=item OS/400
+=item WARNING
-PASE, IFS access
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item OS/390, z/OS
+=back
-chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
+=head2 perlform - Perl formats
-=item VM/ESA?
+=over 4
-=item POSIX-BC?
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Format Variables
=back
-=item BUGS
+=item NOTES
-=item SEE ALSO
+=over 4
-=item REFERENCES
+=item Footers
-=item HISTORY
+=item Accessing Formatting Internals
-=item AUTHOR
+=back
+
+=item WARNINGS
=back
-=head2 perlsec - Perl security
+=head2 perlobj - Perl objects
=over 4
=over 4
-=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
+=item An Object is Simply a Reference
-=item Switches On the "#!" Line
+=item A Class is Simply a Package
-=item Cleaning Up Your Path
+=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
-=item Security Bugs
+=item Method Invocation
-=item Protecting Your Programs
+=item Indirect Object Syntax
-=item Unicode
+=item Default UNIVERSAL methods
-=item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
+isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
+
+=item Destructors
+
+=item Summary
+
+=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
=back
=back
-=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
+=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
=over 4
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
=item DESCRIPTION
=over 4
-=item Packages
+=item Tying Scalars
-=item Symbol Tables
+TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
+DESTROY this
-=item Package Constructors and Destructors
+=item Tying Arrays
-=item Perl Classes
+TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
+FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
+key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
+UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
+this
-=item Perl Modules
+=item Tying Hashes
-=item Making your module threadsafe
+USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
+this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
+this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
+
+=item Tying FileHandles
+
+TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
+LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
+DESTROY this
+
+=item UNTIE this
+
+=item The C<untie> Gotcha
=back
=item SEE ALSO
+=item BUGS
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
=back
-=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
+=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
=over 4
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
=item DESCRIPTION
+B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
+B<filter_fetch_value>
+
=over 4
-=item PREAMBLE
+=item The Filter
-B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
-module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
+=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
-=back
+=item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
-=item PORTABILITY
+=back
-=item HEY
+=item SEE ALSO
=item AUTHOR
-=item COPYRIGHT
-
=back
-=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
+=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
+safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
=over 4
-=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item Signals
=over 4
-=item Pragmatic Modules
+=item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
-assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
-bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
-fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
-sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
-vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
+=back
-=item Standard Modules
+=item Named Pipes
-AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
-B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
-B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
-B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
-CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
-CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
-Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
-Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5,
-DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte,
-Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config,
-Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess,
-Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
-Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
-Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
-Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
-ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
-ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
-ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
-ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
-ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
-ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
-ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
-ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
-ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
-ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
-File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
-File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
-File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
-File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
-FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
-Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
-I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
-IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
-IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
-IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
-Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
-Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
-MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
-Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::Scalar, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
-Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
-Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
-Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
-Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
-Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
-Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
-PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
-Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
-Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
-Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
-Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
-Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
-Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
-Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
-Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
-Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
-Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
-Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
-Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
-Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
-Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
-Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
-Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
-Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
-Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
-XSLoader
+=over 4
-=item Extension Modules
+=item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
+
+Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
+"faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
=back
-=item CPAN
+=item Using open() for IPC
=over 4
-=item Africa
+=item Filehandles
-South Africa
+=item Background Processes
-=item Asia
+=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
-China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
-Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan
+=item Safe Pipe Opens
-=item Central America
+=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
-Costa Rica
+=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
-=item Europe
+=back
-Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
-Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
-Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
-Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United
-Kingdom
+=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
-=item North America
+=over 4
-Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
-Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
-Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey,
-New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas,
-Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
+=item Internet Line Terminators
-=item Oceania
+=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
-Australia, New Zealand, United States
+=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
-=item South America
+=back
-Argentina, Brazil, Chile
+=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
-=item RSYNC Mirrors
+=over 4
+
+=item A Simple Client
+
+C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
+
+=item A Webget Client
+
+=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
=back
-=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
+=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
-=over 4
+Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
-=item Guidelines for Module Creation
+=item UDP: Message Passing
-=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
+=item SysV IPC
-=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
+=item NOTES
-=back
+=item BUGS
-=item NOTE
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
+=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
=over 4
-=item INTRODUCTION
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item QUICK CHECKLIST
+=item DESCRIPTION
=over 4
-=item Before you start
+=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
-=item The API
+$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
+filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
+files, directories and network sockets
-=item Stability
+=item Resource limits
-=item Documentation
+=item Killing the parent process
-=item Release considerations
+=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
-=back
+=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
-=item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
+BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
+Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
+application, Thread-safety of extensions
-=over 4
+=back
-=item Has it been done before?
+=item BUGS
-=item Do one thing and do it well
+=item AUTHOR
-=item What's in a name?
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
+=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
=over 4
-=item To OO or not to OO?
+=item SYNOPSIS
-=item Designing your API
+=item DESCRIPTION
-Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
-output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
-Parameter passing
+=item Storing numbers
-=item Strictness and warnings
+=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
-=item Backwards compatibility
+=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
-=item Error handling and messages
+Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
+mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
+integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
+string
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
+=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
=over 4
-=item POD
-
-=item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
+=item DESCRIPTION
-perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
-perl Build test, perl Build install
+=item Status
-=back
+=item What Is A Thread Anyway?
-=item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
+=item Threaded Program Models
=over 4
-=item Version numbering
+=item Boss/Worker
-=item Pre-requisites
+=item Work Crew
-=item Testing
+=item Pipeline
-=item Packaging
+=back
-=item Licensing
+=item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
-=back
+=item Thread-Safe Modules
-=item COMMON PITFALLS
+=item Thread Basics
=over 4
-=item Reinventing the wheel
+=item Basic Thread Support
-=item Trying to do too much
+=item A Note about the Examples
-=item Inappropriate documentation
+=item Creating Threads
+
+=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
+
+=item Ignoring A Thread
=back
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Threads And Data
-L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
-Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
-engineering
+=over 4
-=item AUTHOR
+=item Shared And Unshared Data
+
+=item Thread Pitfalls: Races
=back
-=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
+=item Synchronization and control
=over 4
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Controlling access: lock()
-=over 4
+=item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
-=item Warning
+=item Queues: Passing Data Around
-=item What should I make into a module?
+=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
-=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
+=item Basic semaphores
-Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
+=item Advanced Semaphores
-=item Step-by-step: Making the module
+=item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
-Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
-L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
-documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
+=item Giving up control
-=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
+=back
-Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
-tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
-
-=back
-
-=item AUTHOR
-
-=item SEE ALSO
-
-=back
-
-=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
-2003/07/09 15:47:28 $)
+=item General Thread Utility Routines
=over 4
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item What Thread Am I In?
-=over 4
+=item Thread IDs
-=item What is Perl?
+=item Are These Threads The Same?
-=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
+=item What Threads Are Running?
-=item Which version of Perl should I use?
+=back
-=item What are perl4 and perl5?
+=item A Complete Example
-=item What is Ponie?
+=item Different implementations of threads
-=item What is perl6?
+=item Performance considerations
-=item How stable is Perl?
+=item Process-scope Changes
-=item Is Perl difficult to learn?
+=item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
-=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
-Scheme, or Tcl?
+=item Conclusion
-=item Can I do [task] in Perl?
+=item Bibliography
-=item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
+=over 4
-=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
+=item Introductory Texts
-=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
+=item OS-Related References
-=item What is a JAPH?
+=item Other References
-=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
+=back
-=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
-5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
+=item Acknowledgements
-=back
+=item AUTHOR
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item Copyrights
=back
-=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.20 $,
-$Date: 2003/01/26 17:50:56 $)
+=head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=over 4
-
-=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
-
-=item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
-
-=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
-
-=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
-don't work.
+=item What Is A Thread Anyway?
-=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
-loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
+=item Threaded Program Models
-=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
-What does CPAN/src/... mean?
+=over 4
-=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
+=item Boss/Worker
-=item Where can I get information on Perl?
+=item Work Crew
-=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
+=item Pipeline
-=item Where should I post source code?
+=back
-=item Perl Books
+=item Native threads
-References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
+=item What kind of threads are perl threads?
-=item Perl in Magazines
+=item Threadsafe Modules
-=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
+=item Thread Basics
-=item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
+=over 4
-=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
+=item Basic Thread Support
-=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
+=item Creating Threads
-=item Where do I send bug reports?
+=item Giving up control
-=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
+=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
-=back
+=item Errors In Threads
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item Ignoring A Thread
=back
-=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.33 $, $Date: 2003/01/31
-17:34:56 $)
+=item Threads And Data
=over 4
-=item DESCRIPTION
-
-=over 4
+=item Shared And Unshared Data
-=item How do I do (anything)?
+=item Thread Pitfall: Races
-=item How can I use Perl interactively?
+=item Controlling access: lock()
-=item Is there a Perl shell?
+=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
-=item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
+=item Queues: Passing Data Around
-=item How do I debug my Perl programs?
+=back
-=item How do I profile my Perl programs?
+=item Threads And Code
-=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
+=over 4
-=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
+=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
-=item Is there a ctags for Perl?
+Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
-=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
+=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
-Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
-GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
-MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
+=item Subroutine Locks
-=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
+=item Methods
-=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
+=item Locking A Subroutine
-=item How can I use curses with Perl?
+=back
-=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
+=item General Thread Utility Routines
-=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
+=over 4
-=item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
+=item What Thread Am I In?
-=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
+=item Thread IDs
-Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
-stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
+=item Are These Threads The Same?
-=item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
+=item What Threads Are Running?
-=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
+=back
-=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
+=item A Complete Example
-=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
+=item Conclusion
-=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
+=item Bibliography
-=item How can I compile Perl into Java?
+=over 4
-=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
+=item Introductory Texts
-=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
+=item OS-Related References
-=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
+=item Other References
-=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
+=back
-=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
+=item Acknowledgements
-=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
+=item AUTHOR
-=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
-my C program; what am I doing wrong?
+=item Copyrights
-=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
+=back
-=item What's MakeMaker?
+=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
-=back
+=over 4
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=back
+Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
+portable
-=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.44 $, $Date: 2003/07/28
-17:35:21 $)
+=item ISSUES
=over 4
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Newlines
-=item Data: Numbers
+=item Numbers endianness and Width
-=over 4
+=item Files and Filesystems
-=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
-numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
+=item System Interaction
-=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
+=item Command names versus file pathnames
-=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
-Trig functions?
+=item Networking
-=item How do I convert between numeric representations?
+=item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
-How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
-hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
-decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
-from decimal to binary
+=item External Subroutines (XS)
-=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
+=item Standard Modules
-=item How do I multiply matrices?
+=item Time and Date
-=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
+=item Character sets and character encoding
-=item How can I output Roman numerals?
+=item Internationalisation
-=item Why aren't my random numbers random?
+=item System Resources
-=item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
+=item Security
+
+=item Style
=back
-=item Data: Dates
+=item CPAN Testers
+
+Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
+http://testers.cpan.org/
+
+=item PLATFORMS
=over 4
-=item How do I find the day or week of the year?
+=item Unix
-=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
+=item DOS and Derivatives
-=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
+=item S<Mac OS>
-=item How can I find the Julian Day?
+=item VMS
-=item How do I find yesterday's date?
+=item VOS
-=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
+=item EBCDIC Platforms
+
+=item Acorn RISC OS
+
+=item Other perls
=back
-=item Data: Strings
+=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
=over 4
-=item How do I validate input?
+=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-=item How do I unescape a string?
+-I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
+FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
+PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
+LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
+FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
+WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
+getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
+getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent,
+getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
+STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
+endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
+SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
+kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
+lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
+ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
+READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
+RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
+KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
+setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
+SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
+shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
+socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
+EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
+FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
+FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
+wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
-=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
+=back
-=item How do I expand function calls in a string?
+=item CHANGES
-=item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
+v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
+v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
+v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
+1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
+1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
+1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
-=item How do I reverse a string?
+=item Supported Platforms
-=item How do I expand tabs in a string?
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item How do I reformat a paragraph?
+=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
-=item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
+=back
-=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
+=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
+localization)
-=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
-string?
+=over 4
-=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
-[character]?
+=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
-=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
+=item USING LOCALES
-=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
+=over 4
-=item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
+=item The use locale pragma
-=item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
+=item The setlocale function
-=item How can I expand variables in text strings?
+=item Finding locales
-=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
+=item LOCALE PROBLEMS
-=item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
+=item Temporarily fixing locale problems
-There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
-be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
-the tag
+=item Permanently fixing locale problems
+
+=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
+
+=item Fixing system locale configuration
+
+=item The localeconv function
+
+=item I18N::Langinfo
=back
-=item Data: Arrays
+=item LOCALE CATEGORIES
=over 4
-=item What is the difference between a list and an array?
+=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
-=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
+=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
-=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
+=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
-a), b), c), d), e)
+=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
-=item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
-array?
+=item LC_TIME
-=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
-intersection of two arrays?
+=item Other categories
-=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
+=back
-=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
+=item SECURITY
-=item How do I handle linked lists?
+=item ENVIRONMENT
-=item How do I handle circular lists?
+PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
+LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
-=item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
+=item NOTES
-=item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
+=over 4
-=item How do I select a random element from an array?
+=item Backward compatibility
-=item How do I permute N elements of a list?
+=item I18N:Collate obsolete
-=item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
+=item Sort speed and memory use impacts
-=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
+=item write() and LC_NUMERIC
-=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
+=item Freely available locale definitions
+
+=item I18n and l10n
+
+=item An imperfect standard
=back
-=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
+=item Unicode and UTF-8
-=over 4
+=item BUGS
-=item How do I process an entire hash?
+=over 4
-=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
-it?
+=item Broken systems
-=item How do I look up a hash element by value?
+=back
-=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
+=item HISTORY
-=item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
+=back
-=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
+=head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
-=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
+=over 4
-=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
+=over 4
-=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
+=item Unicode
-=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
+=item Perl's Unicode Support
-=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
-it?
+=item Perl's Unicode Model
-=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
-array of hashes or arrays?
+=item Unicode and EBCDIC
-=item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
+=item Creating Unicode
-=back
+=item Handling Unicode
-=item Data: Misc
+=item Legacy Encodings
-=over 4
+=item Unicode I/O
-=item How do I handle binary data correctly?
+=item Displaying Unicode As Text
-=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
+=item Special Cases
-=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
+=item Advanced Topics
-=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
+=item Miscellaneous
-=item How do I define methods for every class/object?
+=item Questions With Answers
-=item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
+=item Hexadecimal Notation
-=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
+=item Further Resources
=back
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
+
+=item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
=back
-=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
-17:45:46 $)
+=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
=over 4
=over 4
-=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
+=item Important Caveats
-=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
-line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
+Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
+enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
-=item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
+=item Byte and Character Semantics
-=item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
+=item Effects of Character Semantics
-=item How do I make a temporary file name?
+=item Scripts
-=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
+=item Blocks
-=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
-filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
+=item User-Defined Character Properties
-=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
+=item Character Encodings for Input and Output
-=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
+=item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
-=item How can I write() into a string?
+=item Unicode Encodings
-=item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
+=item Security Implications of Unicode
-=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
+=item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
-=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
+=item Locales
-=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
-E<lt>*E<gt>?
+=item When Unicode Does Not Happen
-=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
+=item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
-=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
+=item Using Unicode in XS
-=item How can I reliably rename a file?
+=back
-=item How can I lock a file?
+=item BUGS
-=item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
+=over 4
-=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
-the file. How can I do this?
+=item Interaction with Locales
-=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
-file. Do I still have to use locking?
+=item Interaction with Extensions
-=item How do I randomly update a binary file?
+=item Speed
-=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
+=item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
-=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
+=back
-=item How do I print to more than one file at once?
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
+=back
-=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
+=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
-=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
+=over 4
-=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
+=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
-=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
+=over 4
-=item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
+=item ASCII
-=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
-`C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
+=item ISO 8859
-=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
+=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
-=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
-protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
+=item EBCDIC
-=item How do I select a random line from a file?
+=item 13 variant characters
-=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
+=item 0037
+
+=item 1047
+
+=item POSIX-BC
+
+=item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
+
+=item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
+
+=item Unicode and UTF
+
+=item Using Encode
=back
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
+
+recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
+
+=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
+
+=item CONVERSIONS
+
+=over 4
+
+=item tr///
+
+=item iconv
+
+=item C RTL
=back
-=head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
-20:05:28 $)
+=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
+
+=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
+
+chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
+
+=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
+
+=item SOCKETS
+
+=item SORTING
=over 4
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
+
+=item MONO CASE then sort data.
+
+=item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
+
+=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
+
+=back
+
+=item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
=over 4
-=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
-and unmaintainable code?
+=item URL decoding and encoding
-Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
+=item uu encoding and decoding
-=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
+=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
-=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
-different lines?
+=item Caesarian ciphers
-=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
+=back
-=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
-case on the RHS?
+=item Hashing order and checksums
-=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
+=item I18N AND L10N
-=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
+=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
-=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
+=item OS ISSUES
-=item What is C</o> really for?
+=over 4
-=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
-file?
+=item OS/400
-=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
+PASE, IFS access
-=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
+=item OS/390, z/OS
-=item How do I process each word on each line?
+chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
-=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
+=item VM/ESA?
-=item How can I do approximate matching?
+=item POSIX-BC?
-=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
+=back
-=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
+=item BUGS
-=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
+=item REFERENCES
-=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
+=item HISTORY
-=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
+=item AUTHOR
-=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
+=back
-=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
+=head2 perlsec - Perl security
+
+=over 4
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
+
+=item Switches On the "#!" Line
+
+=item Cleaning Up Your Path
+
+=item Security Bugs
+
+=item Protecting Your Programs
+
+=item Unicode
+
+=item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
=back
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
-2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
+=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
=over 4
=over 4
-=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
+=item Packages
-=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
-use them?
+=item Symbol Tables
-=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
-commas?
+=item Package Constructors and Destructors
-=item How do I skip some return values?
+=item Perl Classes
-=item How do I temporarily block warnings?
+=item Perl Modules
-=item What's an extension?
+=item Making your module threadsafe
-=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
+=back
-=item How do I declare/create a structure?
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item How do I create a module?
+=back
-=item How do I create a class?
+=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
-=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
+=over 4
-=item What's a closure?
+=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
-=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
+=over 4
-=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
-Regex}?
+=item Pragmatic Modules
-Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
-Passing Methods
+assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
+bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
+fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
+sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
+vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
-=item How do I create a static variable?
+=item Standard Modules
-=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
-Between local() and my()?
+AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
+B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
+B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
+B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
+CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
+CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
+Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
+Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5,
+DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte,
+Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config,
+Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess,
+Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
+Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
+Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
+Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
+ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
+ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
+ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
+ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
+ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
+ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
+ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
+ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
+ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
+ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
+File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
+File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
+File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
+File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
+FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
+Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
+I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
+IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
+IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
+IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
+Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
+Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
+MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
+Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::Scalar, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
+Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
+Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
+Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
+Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
+Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
+Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
+PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
+Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
+Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
+Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
+Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
+Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
+Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
+Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
+Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
+Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
+Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
+Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
+Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
+Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
+Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
+Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
+Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
+Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
+Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
+XSLoader
-=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
-is in scope?
+=item Extension Modules
-=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
+=back
-=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
+=item CPAN
-=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
+=over 4
-=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
+=item Africa
-=item How do I create a switch or case statement?
+South Africa
-=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
-methods?
+=item Asia
-=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
+China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
+Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
-=item How can I find out my current package?
+=item Central America
-=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
+Costa Rica
-=item How do I clear a package?
+=item Europe
-=item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
+Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
+Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
+Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
+Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
+Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
-=item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
+=item North America
+
+Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
+Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
+Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
+North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
+Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
+
+=item Oceania
+
+Australia, New Zealand, United States
+
+=item South America
+
+Argentina, Brazil, Chile
+
+=item RSYNC Mirrors
=back
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Guidelines for Module Creation
+
+=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
+
+=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
=back
-=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
-17:44:04 $)
+=item NOTE
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
=over 4
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item INTRODUCTION
+
+=item QUICK CHECKLIST
=over 4
-=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
+=item Before you start
-=item How come exec() doesn't return?
+=item The API
-=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
+=item Stability
-Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
+=item Documentation
-=item How do I print something out in color?
+=item Release considerations
-=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
+=back
-=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
+=item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
-=item How do I clear the screen?
+=over 4
-=item How do I get the screen size?
+=item Has it been done before?
-=item How do I ask the user for a password?
+=item Do one thing and do it well
-=item How do I read and write the serial port?
+=item What's in a name?
-lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
+=back
-=item How do I decode encrypted password files?
+=item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
-=item How do I start a process in the background?
+=over 4
-STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
+=item To OO or not to OO?
-=item How do I trap control characters/signals?
+=item Designing your API
-=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
+Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
+output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
+Parameter passing
-=item How do I set the time and date?
+=item Strictness and warnings
-=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
+=item Backwards compatibility
-=item How can I measure time under a second?
+=item Error handling and messages
-=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
+=back
-=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
-does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
+=item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
-=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
+=over 4
-=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
+=item POD
-=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
+=item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
-=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
+perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
+perl Build test, perl Build install
-=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
+=back
-=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
+=item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
-=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
+=over 4
-=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
+=item Version numbering
-=item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
+=item Pre-requisites
-=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
-^Z on MS-DOS)?
+=item Testing
-=item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
+=item Packaging
-=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
+=item Licensing
-=item How can I write expect in Perl?
+=back
-=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
-"ps"?
+=item COMMON PITFALLS
-=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
-come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
-changes to be visible?
+=over 4
+
+=item Reinventing the wheel
-Unix
+=item Trying to do too much
-=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
-complete?
+=item Inappropriate documentation
-=item How do I fork a daemon process?
+=back
-=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item How do I timeout a slow event?
+L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
+Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
+engineering
-=item How do I set CPU limits?
+=item AUTHOR
-=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
+=back
-=item How do I use an SQL database?
+=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
-=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
+=over 4
-=item How do I open a file without blocking?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item How do I install a module from CPAN?
+=over 4
-=item What's the difference between require and use?
+=item PREAMBLE
-=item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
+B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
+module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
-=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
-search path?
+=back
-=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
+=item PORTABILITY
-=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
+=item HEY
-=back
+=item AUTHOR
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+=item COPYRIGHT
=back
-=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
-$)
+=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
=over 4
=over 4
-=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
-
-=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
-Server Error)
+=item Warning
-=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
+=item What should I make into a module?
-=item How do I remove HTML from a string?
+=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
-=item How do I extract URLs?
+Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
-=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
-file on another machine?
+=item Step-by-step: Making the module
-=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
+Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
+L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
+documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
-=item How do I fetch an HTML file?
+=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
-=item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
+Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
+tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
-=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
+=back
-=item How do I redirect to another page?
+=item AUTHOR
-=item How do I put a password on my web pages?
+=item SEE ALSO
-=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
+=back
-=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
-CGI script to do bad things?
+=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
-=item How do I parse a mail header?
+=over 4
-=item How do I decode a CGI form?
+=item DESCRIPTION
-=item How do I check a valid mail address?
+=over 4
-=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
+=item DOCUMENTATION
-=item How do I return the user's mail address?
+L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
+L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
+L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
+L<roffitall|roffitall>
-=item How do I send mail?
+=item CONVERTORS
-=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
+L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
-=item How do I read mail?
+=item Administration
-=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
+L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
-=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
+=item Development
-=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
+L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
+L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
-=item How can I do RPC in Perl?
+=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
-
=back
=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
=back
+=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
+
+=over 4
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item CONCEPTS
+
+=item USING FILTERS
+
+=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
+
+=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
+
+B<Decryption Filters>
+
+=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
+
+=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
+
+=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
+
+=item CONCLUSION
+
+=item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
+
+Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
+
+=item REQUIREMENTS
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item Copyrights
+
+=back
+
=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
=over 4
=over 4
-=item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
-
-=item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
-
-=item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
-
-=item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
-
-=item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
-
-=item Is there anything else I need to know?
-
-=back
-
-=item Custom Operators
-
-=item AUTHORS
-
-=item SEE ALSO
-
-=back
-
-=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
-
-=over 4
-
-=item DESCRIPTION
-
-An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
-
-=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
-
-call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
-
-=item FLAG VALUES
-
-=over 4
-
-=item G_VOID
-
-=item G_SCALAR
-
-=item G_ARRAY
-
-=item G_DISCARD
-
-=item G_NOARGS
-
-=item G_EVAL
-
-=item G_KEEPERR
-
-=item Determining the Context
-
-=back
-
-=item KNOWN PROBLEMS
-
-=item EXAMPLES
-
-=over 4
-
-=item No Parameters, Nothing returned
-
-=item Passing Parameters
-
-=item Returning a Scalar
-
-=item Returning a list of values
-
-=item Returning a list in a scalar context
-
-=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
-
-=item Using G_EVAL
-
-=item Using G_KEEPERR
-
-=item Using call_sv
-
-=item Using call_argv
-
-=item Using call_method
-
-=item Using GIMME_V
-
-=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
-
-=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
-
-1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
-callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
-callback
-
-=item Alternate Stack Manipulation
-
-=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
-
-=back
-
-=item SEE ALSO
-
-=item AUTHOR
-
-=item DATE
-
-=back
-
-=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
-
-=over 4
-
-=item DESCRIPTION
-
-=over 4
+=item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
-=item DOCUMENTATION
+=item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
-L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
-L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
-L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
-L<roffitall|roffitall>
+=item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
-=item CONVERTORS
+=item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
-L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
+=item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
-=item Administration
+=item Is there anything else I need to know?
-L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
+=back
-=item Development
+=item Custom Operators
-L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
-L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
+=item AUTHORS
=item SEE ALSO
=back
-=back
-
-=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
+=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item CONCEPTS
-
-=item USING FILTERS
+An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
-=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
+=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
-=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
+call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
-B<Decryption Filters>
+=item FLAG VALUES
-=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
+=over 4
-=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
+=item G_VOID
-=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
+=item G_SCALAR
-=item CONCLUSION
+=item G_ARRAY
-=item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
+=item G_DISCARD
-Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
+=item G_NOARGS
-=item REQUIREMENTS
+=item G_EVAL
-=item AUTHOR
+=item G_KEEPERR
-=item Copyrights
+=item Determining the Context
=back
-=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
+=item KNOWN PROBLEMS
+
+=item EXAMPLES
=over 4
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item No Parameters, Nothing returned
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Passing Parameters
-B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
-B<filter_fetch_value>
+=item Returning a Scalar
-=over 4
+=item Returning a list of values
-=item The Filter
+=item Returning a list in a scalar context
-=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
+=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
-=item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
+=item Using G_EVAL
+
+=item Using G_KEEPERR
+
+=item Using call_sv
+
+=item Using call_argv
+
+=item Using call_method
+
+=item Using GIMME_V
+
+=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
+
+=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
+
+1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
+callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
+callback
+
+=item Alternate Stack Manipulation
+
+=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
=back
=item AUTHOR
+=item DATE
+
=back
=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
-XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
+XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF,
+XST_mYES
=item SV Flags
newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off,
SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
-SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
-SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX,
-SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
+SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
+SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx,
+SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
-SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
+SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on,
SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on,
=item Unicode Support
bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
-pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display,
-to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper,
-utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length,
-utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
+is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8,
+sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title,
+to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
+utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
uvuni_to_utf8_flags
=item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
is_gv_magical
-=item IO Functions
+=item IO Functions
+
+start_glob
+
+=item Pad Data Structures
+
+CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
+pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
+pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
+pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
+
+=item Stack Manipulation Macros
+
+djSP, LVRET
+
+=item SV Manipulation Functions
+
+report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
+
+=item AUTHORS
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=over 4
+
+=item History and Background
+
+=item Layers vs Disciplines
+
+=item Data Structures
+
+=item Functions and Attributes
+
+=item Per-instance Data
+
+=item Layers in action.
+
+=item Per-instance flag bits
+
+PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
+PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
+PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
+PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
+
+=item Methods in Detail
+
+fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
+PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
+Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
+Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
+Set_ptrcnt
+
+=item Implementing PerlIO Layers
+
+C implementations, Perl implementations
+
+=item Core Layers
+
+"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
+
+=item Extension Layers
+
+":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
+
+=back
+
+=item TODO
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
+B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
+B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
+B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
+B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
+B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
+B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
+B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
+B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Co-existence with stdio
+
+B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
+B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
+
+=item "Fast gets" Functions
+
+B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
+B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
+
+=item Other Functions
+
+PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
+'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
+
+=back
+
+=back
+
+=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
+
+=over 4
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
+implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
+the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
+it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
+the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
+tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
+Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Keeping in sync
+
+rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
+NFS, rsync'ing the patches
+
+=item Why rsync the source tree
+
+It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
+
+=item Why rsync the patches
+
+It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
+point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
+
+=item Perlbug administration
+
+=item Submitting patches
+
+L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
+F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
+
+=item Finding Your Way Around
+
+Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
+
+=item Elements of the interpreter
-start_glob
+Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
-=item Pad Data Structures
+=item Internal Variable Types
-CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
-pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
-pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
-pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
+=item Op Trees
-=item Stack Manipulation Macros
+=item Stacks
-djSP, LVRET
+Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
-=item SV Manipulation Functions
+=item Millions of Macros
-report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
+=item The .i Targets
-=item AUTHORS
+=item Poking at Perl
-=item SEE ALSO
+=item Using a source-level debugger
-=back
+run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
+finish, 'enter', print
-=head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
+=item gdb macro support
-=over 4
+=item Dumping Perl Data Structures
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item Patching
-=item DESCRIPTION
+=item Patching a core module
-=over 4
+=item Adding a new function to the core
-=item History and Background
+=item Writing a test
-=item Layers vs Disciplines
+F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
+F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
+t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
-=item Data Structures
+=item Special Make Test Targets
-=item Functions and Attributes
+coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.valgrind check.valgrind
+utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third utest.third
+ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8,
+test_harness
-=item Per-instance Data
+=item Running tests by hand
-=item Layers in action.
+PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
-=item Per-instance flag bits
+=back
-PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
-PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
-PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
-PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
+=item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
-=item Methods in Detail
+=over 4
-fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
-PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
-Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
-Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
-Set_ptrcnt
+=item Rational Software's Purify
-=item Implementing PerlIO Layers
+=item Purify on Unix
-C implementations, Perl implementations
+-Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
-=item Core Layers
+=item Purify on NT
-"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
+DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
-=item Extension Layers
+=item valgrind
-":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
+=item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
-=back
+=item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
-=item TODO
+=item Profiling
-=back
+=item Gprof Profiling
-=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
+-a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
-=over 4
+=item GCC gcov Profiling
-=item SYNOPSIS
+=item Pixie Profiling
-=item DESCRIPTION
+-h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
+-z[ero]
-1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
-B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
-B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
-B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
-B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
-B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
-B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
-B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
-B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
+=item Miscellaneous tricks
-=over 4
+=item CONCLUSION
-=item Co-existence with stdio
+I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
-B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
-B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
+=back
-=item "Fast gets" Functions
+=item AUTHOR
-B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
-B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
+=back
-=item Other Functions
+=head2 perlbook - Perl book information
-PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
-'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
+=over 4
-=back
+=item DESCRIPTION
=back
=item Mmap for input
-=item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
+=item Byte to/from UTF-8 and UTF-8 to/from local conversion
=item Add sockatmark support
=item "class"-based lexicals
-=item byteperl
-
-=item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
-
-=item Make "use utf8" the default
-
-=item Unicode collation and normalization
-
-=item pack/unpack tutorial
-
-=back
-
-=back
-
-=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
-
-=over 4
-
-=item DESCRIPTION
-
-Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
-implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
-the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
-it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
-the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
-tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
-Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
-
-=over 4
-
-=item Keeping in sync
-
-rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
-NFS, rsync'ing the patches
-
-=item Why rsync the source tree
-
-It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
-
-=item Why rsync the patches
-
-It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
-point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
-
-=item Perlbug administration
-
-=item Submitting patches
-
-L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
-F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
-
-=item Finding Your Way Around
-
-Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
-
-=item Elements of the interpreter
-
-Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
-
-=item Internal Variable Types
-
-=item Op Trees
-
-=item Stacks
-
-Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
-
-=item Millions of Macros
-
-=item The .i Targets
-
-=item Poking at Perl
-
-=item Using a source-level debugger
-
-run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
-finish, 'enter', print
-
-=item gdb macro support
-
-=item Dumping Perl Data Structures
-
-=item Patching
-
-=item Patching a core module
-
-=item Adding a new function to the core
-
-=item Writing a test
-
-F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
-F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
-t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
-
-=item Special Make Test Targets
-
-coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
-ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8,
-test_harness
-
-=item Running tests by hand
-
-PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
-
-=back
-
-=item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
-
-=over 4
-
-=item Rational Software's Purify
-
-=item Purify on Unix
-
--Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
-
-=item Purify on NT
-
-DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
-
-=item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
-
-=item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
-
-=item Profiling
-
-=item Gprof Profiling
-
--a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
-
-=item GCC gcov Profiling
-
-=item Pixie Profiling
+=item byteperl
--h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
--z[ero]
+=item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
-=item Miscellaneous tricks
+=item Make "use utf8" the default
-=item CONCLUSION
+=item Unicode collation and normalization
-I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
+=item pack/unpack tutorial
=back
-=item AUTHOR
-
=back
=head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
=back
-=head2 perlartistic -- the Perl Artistic License
+=head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
=over 4
=back
-=head2 perlgpl -- the GNU Public General Public License, version 2
+=head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
=over 4
=item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
+=item The usenm option
+
=item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
=item Using Large Files with Perl
=back
-=head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
-
-=over 4
-
-=item DESCRIPTION
-
-=item AUTHOR
-
-=back
-
=head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
=over 4
=back
+=head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
+
+=over 4
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=back
+
=head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
=over 4
=item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
+=item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
+
=back
=item AUTHORS
=over 4
-=item Warnings on Cygwin
+=item Errors on Cygwin
=item ld2 on Cygwin
=item DESCRIPTION
-=item INSTALLATION PREFIX
+=over 4
+
+=item Installation Prefix
+
+=item libperl and Prebinding
+
+=item Updating Panther
+
+=item Known problems
-=item LIBPERL AND PREBINDING
+=item MacPerl
-=item UPDATING PANTHER
+=item Carbon
-=item MACPERL
+=item Cocoa
-=item CARBON
+=back
-=item COCOA
+=item Starting From Scratch
=item AUTHOR
=back
-=head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
+=head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
=over 4
=over 4
-=item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
+=item Invoking Perl
-/bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
+=item What's in Plan 9 Perl
-=item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
+=item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
-=item QNX auxiliary files
+=item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
-qnx/ar, qnx/cpp
+=item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
-=item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
+=back
+
+=item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
=back
+=item BUGS
+
+=item Revision date
+
=item AUTHOR
=back
-=head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
+=head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
=over 4
=over 4
-=item Invoking Perl
-
-=item What's in Plan 9 Perl
-
-=item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
-
-=item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
+=item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
-=item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
+/bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
-=back
+=item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
-=item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
+=item QNX auxiliary files
-=over 4
+qnx/ar, qnx/cpp
-=item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
+=item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
=back
-=item BUGS
-
-=item Revision date
-
=item AUTHOR
=back
=back
+=item SunOS 4.x
+
=item AUTHOR
=item LAST MODIFIED
=back
-=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
-
-=over 4
-
-=item SYNOPSIS
-
-=item DESCRIPTION
-
-method, locked
-
-=back
-
=head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
=over 4
=item HISTORY
+=item CAVEATS
+
=item SEE ALSO
=back
=back
-=head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRationale support for Perl
+=head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item LIMITATIONS
+
=item SEE ALSO
=back
=back
-=head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
-
-=over 4
-
-=item SYNOPSIS
-
-=item DESCRIPTION
-
-=back
-
=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
=over 4
=back
-=head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
-from perl
-
-=over 4
-
-=item SYNOPSIS
-
-=item DESCRIPTION
-
-$thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
-threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
-threads->list();, async BLOCK;
-
-=item WARNINGS
-
-A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
-
-=item TODO
-
-=item BUGS
-
-Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
-blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
-
-=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
-
-=item SEE ALSO
-
-=back
-
=head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
structures between threads
=item Utility functions
-$num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
-utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
+$num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
+FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
=back
realclean_subdirs_target
-max_exec_len
-
os_flavor
=over 4
=back
-tmpdir
-
-canonpath
-
-splitpath
-
-splitdir
-
-catpath
-
=head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
+tmpdir, splitpath
+
=back
=head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
=over 4
+=item OO INTERFACE
+
+B<new>
+
+=back
+
+B<filename>
+
+B<DESTROY>
+
+=over 4
+
=item FUNCTIONS
B<tempfile>
=back
+B<cmpstat>
+
+B<unlink1>
+
=over 4
=item PACKAGE VARIABLES
B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
+B<hash_seed>
+
=over 4
=item CAVEATS
=item DESCRIPTION
new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
-rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
+rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
=item SEE ALSO
=item DESCRIPTION
new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
-rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
+rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
=item SEE ALSO
=item DESCRIPTION
-Canonical notation, Input, Output
+Input, Output
=item METHODS
=back
-=head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationales
+=head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
=over 4
=back
-=head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
+=head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
+redispatch
=over 4
=item Avoiding repetitions
+=item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
+
+=item Using C<EVERY> methods
+
=back
=item AUTHOR
=back
-=head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
+=head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
=over 4
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
+
=back
=head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
=item SEE ALSO
+=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
+
=item COPYRIGHT
=back
=item DESCRIPTION
+=item BUGS
+
=back
=head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
=item DESCRIPTION
-=over 4
-
=item Construction
-B<new>
+=over 4
+
+=item C<new>
=back
=back
-B<_init>
+=over 4
+
+=item C<_init>
+
+=back
=over 4
=item Analysis
-B<analyze>
+=over 4
+
+=item C<analyze>
+
+=back
+
+=back
+
+=over 4
+
+=item C<analyze_fh>
+
+=back
+
+=over 4
+
+=item C<analyze_file>
+
+=back
+
+=over 4
+
+=item C<_switches>
+
+=back
+
+=over 4
+
+=item C<_INC2PERL5LIB>
=back
-B<analyze_fh>
+=over 4
-B<analyze_file>
+=item C<_filtered_INC>
-B<_switches>
+=back
-B<_INC2PERL5LIB>
+=over 4
-B<_filtered_INC>
+=item C<_restore_PERL5LIB>
-B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
+=back
=over 4
=item Parsing
-B<_is_comment>
+=over 4
+
+=item C<_is_comment>
+
+=back
+
+=back
+
+=over 4
+
+=item C<_is_header>
+
+=back
+
+=over 4
+
+=item C<_is_test>
=back
-B<_is_header>
+=over 4
+
+=item C<_is_bail_out>
-B<_is_test>
+=back
+
+=over 4
-B<_is_bail_out>
+=item C<_reset_file_state>
-B<_reset_file_state>
+=back
=over 4
=item Results
-B<_detailize>
+=over 4
+
+=item C<_detailize>
+
+=back
=back
=item a2p
-=item s2p
+=item c2ph
-=item find2perl
+=item dprofpp
=item h2ph
-=item c2ph
-
=item h2xs
-=item xsubpp
+=item perlbug
+
+=item perldoc
+
+=item pl2pm
+
+=item pod2html
=item pod2man
-=item wrapsuid
+=item s2p
+
+=item splain
+
+=item xsubpp
=back
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff