deliberate in your decision.
The material below is separated into three main sections: main issues of
-portability (L<"ISSUES">, platform-specific issues (L<"PLATFORMS">, and
+portability (L<"ISSUES">), platform-specific issues (L<"PLATFORMS">), and
built-in perl functions that behave differently on various ports
-(L<"FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS">.
+(L<"FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS">).
This information should not be considered complete; it includes possibly
transient information about idiosyncrasies of some of the ports, almost
You can get away with this on Unix and Mac OS (they have a single
character end-of-line), but the same program will break under DOSish
perls because you're only chop()ing half the end-of-line. Instead,
-chomp() should be used to trim newlines. The Dunce::Files module can
-help audit your code for misuses of chop().
+chomp() should be used to trim newlines. The L<Dunce::Files> module
+can help audit your code for misuses of chop().
When dealing with binary files (or text files in binary mode) be sure
to explicitly set $/ to the appropriate value for your file format
"\n", and "\n" on output becomes CRLF.
These are just the most common definitions of C<\n> and C<\r> in Perl.
-There may well be others. For example, on an EBCDIC implementation such
-as z/OS or OS/400 the above material is similar to "Unix" but the code
-numbers change:
+There may well be others. For example, on an EBCDIC implementation
+such as z/OS (OS/390) or OS/400 (using the ILE, the PASE is ASCII-based)
+the above material is similar to "Unix" but the code numbers change:
- LF eq \025 eq \x15 eq chr(21) eq CP-1047 21
- LF eq \045 eq \x25 eq \cU eq chr(37) eq CP-0037 37
+ LF eq \025 eq \x15 eq \cU eq chr(21) eq CP-1047 21
+ LF eq \045 eq \x25 eq chr(37) eq CP-0037 37
CR eq \015 eq \x0D eq \cM eq chr(13) eq CP-1047 13
CR eq \015 eq \x0D eq \cM eq chr(13) eq CP-0037 13
connections use the C<pack> and C<unpack> formats C<n> and C<N>, the
"network" orders. These are guaranteed to be portable.
+As of perl 5.9.2, you can also use the C<E<gt>> and C<E<lt>> modifiers
+to force big- or little-endian byte-order. This is useful if you want
+to store signed integers or 64-bit integers, for example.
+
You can explore the endianness of your platform by unpacking a
data structure packed in native format such as:
not work everywhere. This is probably for the user of the program
to deal with, so don't stay up late worrying about it.
-Some platforms can't delete or rename files held open by the system.
-Remember to C<close> files when you are done with them. Don't
-C<unlink> or C<rename> an open file. Don't C<tie> or C<open> a
-file already tied or opened; C<untie> or C<close> it first.
+Some platforms can't delete or rename files held open by the system,
+this limitation may also apply to changing filesystem metainformation
+like file permissions or owners. Remember to C<close> files when you
+are done with them. Don't C<unlink> or C<rename> an open file. Don't
+C<tie> or C<open> a file already tied or opened; C<untie> or C<close>
+it first.
Don't open the same file more than once at a time for writing, as some
operating systems put mandatory locks on such files.
Don't count on per-program environment variables, or per-program current
directories.
-Don't count on specific values of C<$!>.
+Don't count on specific values of C<$!>, neither numeric nor
+especially the strings values-- users may switch their locales causing
+error messages to be translated into their languages. If you can
+trust a POSIXish environment, you can portably use the symbols defined
+by the Errno module, like ENOENT. And don't trust on the values of C<$!>
+at all except immediately after a failed system call.
=head2 Command names versus file pathnames
To convert $^X to a file pathname, taking account of the requirements
of the various operating system possibilities, say:
+
use Config;
$thisperl = $^X;
if ($^O ne 'VMS')
{$thisperl .= $Config{_exe} unless $thisperl =~ m/$Config{_exe}$/i;}
To convert $Config{perlpath} to a file pathname, say:
+
use Config;
$thisperl = $Config{perlpath};
if ($^O ne 'VMS')
{$thisperl .= $Config{_exe} unless $thisperl =~ m/$Config{_exe}$/i;}
+=head2 Networking
+
+Don't assume that you can reach the public Internet.
+
+Don't assume that there is only one way to get through firewalls
+to the public Internet.
+
+Don't assume that you can reach outside world through any other port
+than 80, or some web proxy. ftp is blocked by many firewalls.
+
+Don't assume that you can send email by connecting to the local SMTP port.
+
+Don't assume that you can reach yourself or any node by the name
+'localhost'. The same goes for '127.0.0.1'. You will have to try both.
+
+Don't assume that the host has only one network card, or that it
+can't bind to many virtual IP addresses.
+
+Don't assume a particular network device name.
+
+Don't assume a particular set of ioctl()s will work.
+
+Don't assume that you can ping hosts and get replies.
+
+Don't assume that any particular port (service) will respond.
+
+Don't assume that Sys::Hostname (or any other API or command)
+returns either a fully qualified hostname or a non-qualified hostname:
+it all depends on how the system had been configured. Also remember
+things like DHCP and NAT-- the hostname you get back might not be very
+useful.
+
+All the above "don't":s may look daunting, and they are -- but the key
+is to degrade gracefully if one cannot reach the particular network
+service one wants. Croaking or hanging do not look very professional.
+
=head2 Interprocess Communication (IPC)
In general, don't directly access the system in code meant to be
The system's notion of time of day and calendar date is controlled in
widely different ways. Don't assume the timezone is stored in C<$ENV{TZ}>,
and even if it is, don't assume that you can control the timezone through
-that variable.
+that variable. Don't assume anything about the three-letter timezone
+abbreviations (for example that MST would be the Mountain Standard Time,
+it's been known to stand for Moscow Standard Time). If you need to
+use timezones, express them in some unambiguous format like the
+exact number of minutes offset from UTC, or the POSIX timezone
+format.
Don't assume that the epoch starts at 00:00:00, January 1, 1970,
-because that is OS- and implementation-specific. It is better to store a date
-in an unambiguous representation. The ISO-8601 standard defines
-"YYYY-MM-DD" as the date format. A text representation (like "1987-12-18")
-can be easily converted into an OS-specific value using a module like
-Date::Parse. An array of values, such as those returned by
-C<localtime>, can be converted to an OS-specific representation using
-Time::Local.
+because that is OS- and implementation-specific. It is better to
+store a date in an unambiguous representation. The ISO 8601 standard
+defines YYYY-MM-DD as the date format, or YYYY-MM-DDTHH-MM-SS
+(that's a literal "T" separating the date from the time).
+Please do use the ISO 8601 instead of making us to guess what
+date 02/03/04 might be. ISO 8601 even sorts nicely as-is.
+A text representation (like "1987-12-18") can be easily converted
+into an OS-specific value using a module like Date::Parse.
+An array of values, such as those returned by C<localtime>, can be
+converted to an OS-specific representation using Time::Local.
When calculating specific times, such as for tests in time or date modules,
it may be appropriate to calculate an offset for the epoch.
some large number. C<$offset> can then be added to a Unix time value
to get what should be the proper value on any system.
+On Windows (at least), you shouldn't pass a negative value to C<gmtime> or
+C<localtime>.
+
=head2 Character sets and character encoding
Assume very little about character sets.
Do not assume anything about the ordering of the characters.
The lowercase letters may come before or after the uppercase letters;
-the lowercase and uppercase may be interlaced so that both `a' and `A'
-come before `b'; the accented and other international characters may
-be interlaced so that E<auml> comes before `b'.
+the lowercase and uppercase may be interlaced so that both "a" and "A"
+come before "b"; the accented and other international characters may
+be interlaced so that E<auml> comes before "b".
=head2 Internationalisation
users. The system affects character sets and encoding, and date
and time formatting--amongst other things.
+If you really want to be international, you should consider Unicode.
+See L<perluniintro> and L<perlunicode> for more information.
+
+If you want to use non-ASCII bytes (outside the bytes 0x00..0x7f) in
+the "source code" of your code, to be portable you have to be explicit
+about what bytes they are. Someone might for example be using your
+code under a UTF-8 locale, in which case random native bytes might be
+illegal ("Malformed UTF-8 ...") This means that for example embedding
+ISO 8859-1 bytes beyond 0x7f into your strings might cause trouble
+later. If the bytes are native 8-bit bytes, you can use the C<bytes>
+pragma. If the bytes are in a string (regular expression being a
+curious string), you can often also use the C<\xHH> notation instead
+of embedding the bytes as-is. If they are in some particular legacy
+encoding (ether single-byte or something more complicated), you can
+use the C<encoding> pragma. (If you want to write your code in UTF-8,
+you can use either the C<utf8> pragma, or the C<encoding> pragma.)
+The C<bytes> and C<utf8> pragmata are available since Perl 5.6.0, and
+the C<encoding> pragma since Perl 5.8.0.
+
=head2 System Resources
If your code is destined for systems with severely constrained (or
Module code may be fully portable, but its tests might not be. This
often happens when tests spawn off other processes or call external
programs to aid in the testing, or when (as noted above) the tests
-assume certain things about the filesystem and paths. Be careful
-not to depend on a specific output style for errors, such as when
-checking C<$!> after a system call. Some platforms expect a certain
-output format, and perl on those platforms may have been adjusted
-accordingly. Most specifically, don't anchor a regex when testing
-an error value.
+assume certain things about the filesystem and paths. Be careful not
+to depend on a specific output style for errors, such as when checking
+C<$!> after a failed system call. Using C<$!> for anything else than
+displaying it as output is doubtful (though see the Errno module for
+testing reasonably portably for error value). Some platforms expect
+a certain output format, and Perl on those platforms may have been
+adjusted accordingly. Most specifically, don't anchor a regex when
+testing an error value.
=head1 CPAN Testers
platforms; two, to provide users with information about whether
a given module works on a given platform.
+Also see:
+
=over 4
-=item Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org
+=item *
+
+Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org
+
+=item *
-=item Testing results: http://testers.cpan.org/
+Testing results: http://testers.cpan.org/
=back
Windows NT MSWin32 MSWin32-x86 2 4 xx
Windows NT MSWin32 MSWin32-ALPHA 2 4 xx
Windows NT MSWin32 MSWin32-ppc 2 4 xx
- Windows 2000 MSWin32 MSWin32-x86 2 5 xx
- Windows XP MSWin32 MSWin32-x86 2 ?
+ Windows 2000 MSWin32 MSWin32-x86 2 5 00
+ Windows XP MSWin32 MSWin32-x86 2 5 01
+ Windows 2003 MSWin32 MSWin32-x86 2 5 02
Windows CE MSWin32 ? 3
- Cygwin cygwin ?
+ Cygwin cygwin cygwin
The various MSWin32 Perl's can distinguish the OS they are running on
via the value of the fifth element of the list returned from
The MacPerl mailing lists, http://lists.perl.org/ .
+=item *
+
+MPW, ftp://ftp.apple.com/developer/Tool_Chest/Core_Mac_OS_Tools/
+
=back
=head2 VMS
What C<\n> represents depends on the type of file opened. It usually
represents C<\012> but it could also be C<\015>, C<\012>, C<\015\012>,
-C<\000>, C<\040>, or nothing depending on the file organiztion and
+C<\000>, C<\040>, or nothing depending on the file organization and
record format. The VMS::Stdio module provides access to the
special fopen() requirements of files with unusual attributes on VMS.
systems). On the mainframe perl currently works under the "Unix system
services for OS/390" (formerly known as OpenEdition), VM/ESA OpenEdition, or
the BS200 POSIX-BC system (BS2000 is supported in perl 5.6 and greater).
-See L<perlos390> for details.
+See L<perlos390> for details. Note that for OS/400 there is also a port of
+Perl 5.8.1/5.9.0 or later to the PASE which is ASCII-based (as opposed to
+ILE which is EBCDIC-based), see L<perlos400>.
As of R2.5 of USS for OS/390 and Version 2.3 of VM/ESA these Unix
sub-systems do not support the C<#!> shebang trick for script invocation.
=item *
-*
-
L<perlos390>, F<README.os390>, F<perlbs2000>, F<README.vmesa>,
L<perlebcdic>.
general usage issues for all EBCDIC Perls. Send a message body of
"subscribe perl-mvs" to majordomo@perl.org.
-=item *
+=item *
AS/400 Perl information at
http://as400.rochester.ibm.com/
=over 8
-=item -X FILEHANDLE
-
-=item -X EXPR
-
=item -X
C<-r>, C<-w>, and C<-x> have a limited meaning only; directories
C<-x> (or C<-X>) determine if a file has an executable file type.
(S<RISC OS>)
-=item alarm SECONDS
+=item atan2
-=item alarm
+Due to issues with various CPUs, math libraries, compilers, and standards,
+results for C<atan2()> may vary depending on any combination of the above.
+Perl attempts to conform to the Open Group/IEEE standards for the results
+returned from C<atan2()>, but cannot force the issue if the system Perl is
+run on does not allow it. (Tru64, HP-UX 10.20)
-Not implemented. (Win32)
+The current version of the standards for C<atan2()> is available at
+L<http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/atan2.html>.
-=item binmode FILEHANDLE
+=item binmode
Meaningless. (S<Mac OS>, S<RISC OS>)
The value returned by C<tell> may be affected after the call, and
the filehandle may be flushed. (Win32)
-=item chmod LIST
+=item chmod
Only limited meaning. Disabling/enabling write permission is mapped to
locking/unlocking the file. (S<Mac OS>)
The actual permissions set depend on the value of the C<CYGWIN>
in the SYSTEM environment settings. (Cygwin)
-=item chown LIST
+=item chown
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, S<Plan 9>, S<RISC OS>)
A little funky, because VOS's notion of ownership is a little funky (VOS).
-=item chroot FILENAME
-
=item chroot
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<Plan 9>, S<RISC OS>, VOS, VM/ESA)
-=item crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT
+=item crypt
May not be available if library or source was not provided when building
perl. (Win32)
-=item dbmclose HASH
+=item dbmclose
Not implemented. (VMS, S<Plan 9>, VOS)
-=item dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE
+=item dbmopen
Not implemented. (VMS, S<Plan 9>, VOS)
-=item dump LABEL
+=item dump
Not useful. (S<Mac OS>, S<RISC OS>)
Invokes VMS debugger. (VMS)
-=item exec LIST
+=item exec
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>)
Does not automatically flush output handles on some platforms.
(SunOS, Solaris, HP-UX)
-=item exit EXPR
-
=item exit
Emulates UNIX exit() (which considers C<exit 1> to indicate an error) by
(C<1>); this mapping cannot be overridden. Any other argument to exit()
is used directly as Perl's exit status. (VMS)
-=item fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR
+=item fcntl
Not implemented. (Win32, VMS)
-=item flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION
+=item flock
Not implemented (S<Mac OS>, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS).
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, S<RISC OS>)
-=item getpgrp PID
+=item getpgrp
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>)
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, S<RISC OS>)
-=item getpriority WHICH,WHO
+=item getpriority
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS, VM/ESA)
-=item getpwnam NAME
+=item getpwnam
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32)
Not useful. (S<RISC OS>)
-=item getgrnam NAME
+=item getgrnam
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>)
-=item getnetbyname NAME
+=item getnetbyname
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, S<Plan 9>)
-=item getpwuid UID
+=item getpwuid
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32)
Not useful. (S<RISC OS>)
-=item getgrgid GID
+=item getgrgid
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>)
-=item getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE
+=item getnetbyaddr
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, S<Plan 9>)
-=item getprotobynumber NUMBER
+=item getprotobynumber
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>)
-=item getservbyport PORT,PROTO
+=item getservbyport
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>)
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, VM/ESA)
+=item gethostbyname
+
+C<gethostbyname('localhost')> does not work everywhere: you may have
+to use C<gethostbyname('127.0.0.1')>. (S<Mac OS>, S<Irix 5>)
+
=item gethostent
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32)
Not implemented. (Win32, S<Plan 9>)
-=item sethostent STAYOPEN
+=item sethostent
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, S<Plan 9>, S<RISC OS>)
-=item setnetent STAYOPEN
+=item setnetent
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, S<Plan 9>, S<RISC OS>)
-=item setprotoent STAYOPEN
+=item setprotoent
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, S<Plan 9>, S<RISC OS>)
-=item setservent STAYOPEN
+=item setservent
Not implemented. (S<Plan 9>, Win32, S<RISC OS>)
Not implemented. (S<Plan 9>)
-=item glob EXPR
-
=item glob
This operator is implemented via the File::Glob extension on most
platforms. See L<File::Glob> for portability information.
+=item gmtime
+
+Same portability caveats as L<localtime>.
+
=item ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR
Not implemented. (VMS)
Available only for socket handles. (S<RISC OS>)
-=item kill SIGNAL, LIST
+=item kill
C<kill(0, LIST)> is implemented for the sake of taint checking;
use with other signals is unimplemented. (S<Mac OS>)
$sig is 0 and the specified process exists, it returns true without
actually terminating it. (Win32)
-=item link OLDFILE,NEWFILE
+=item link
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, MPE/iX, VMS, S<RISC OS>)
Hard links are implemented on Win32 (Windows NT and Windows 2000)
under NTFS only.
-=item lstat FILEHANDLE
+=item localtime
-=item lstat EXPR
+Because Perl currently relies on the native standard C localtime()
+function, it is only safe to use times between 0 and (2**31)-1. Times
+outside this range may result in unexpected behavior depending on your
+operating system's implementation of localtime().
=item lstat
Return values (especially for device and inode) may be bogus. (Win32)
-=item msgctl ID,CMD,ARG
+=item msgctl
-=item msgget KEY,FLAGS
+=item msgget
-=item msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS
+=item msgsnd
-=item msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS
+=item msgrcv
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<Plan 9>, S<RISC OS>, VOS)
-=item open FILEHANDLE,EXPR
-
-=item open FILEHANDLE
+=item open
The C<|> variants are supported only if ToolServer is installed.
(S<Mac OS>)
Opening a process does not automatically flush output handles on some
platforms. (SunOS, Solaris, HP-UX)
-=item pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE
+=item pipe
Very limited functionality. (MiNT)
-=item readlink EXPR
-
=item readlink
Not implemented. (Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>)
-=item select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT
+=item rename
+
+Can't move directories between directories on different logical volumes. (Win32)
+
+=item select
Only implemented on sockets. (Win32, VMS)
Note that the C<select FILEHANDLE> form is generally portable.
-=item semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG
+=item semctl
-=item semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS
+=item semget
-=item semop KEY,OPSTRING
+=item semop
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS)
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, MPE/iX, VMS, Win32, S<RISC OS>, VOS)
-=item setpgrp PID,PGRP
+=item setpgrp
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS)
-=item setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY
+=item setpriority
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS)
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, MPE/iX, Win32, S<RISC OS>, VOS)
-=item setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL
+=item setsockopt
Not implemented. (S<Plan 9>)
-=item shmctl ID,CMD,ARG
+=item shmctl
-=item shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS
+=item shmget
-=item shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE
+=item shmread
-=item shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE
+=item shmwrite
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS)
-=item sockatmark SOCKET
+=item sockatmark
A relatively recent addition to socket functions, may not
be implemented even in UNIX platforms.
-=item socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL
+=item socketpair
Not implemented. (Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS, VM/ESA)
-=item stat FILEHANDLE
-
-=item stat EXPR
-
=item stat
Platforms that do not have rdev, blksize, or blocks will return these
some versions of cygwin when doing a stat("foo") and if not finding it
may then attempt to stat("foo.exe") (Cygwin)
-=item symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE
+=item symlink
Not implemented. (Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>)
-=item syscall LIST
+=item syscall
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS, VM/ESA)
-=item sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS
+=item sysopen
The traditional "0", "1", and "2" MODEs are implemented with different
numeric values on some systems. The flags exported by C<Fcntl>
(O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR) should work everywhere though. (S<Mac
OS>, OS/390, VM/ESA)
-=item system LIST
-
-In general, do not assume the UNIX/POSIX semantics that you can shift
-C<$?> right by eight to get the exit value, or that C<$? & 127>
-would give you the number of the signal that terminated the program,
-or that C<$? & 128> would test true if the program was terminated by a
-coredump. Instead, use the POSIX W*() interfaces: for example, use
-WIFEXITED($?) and WEXITVALUE($?) to test for a normal exit and the exit
-value, WIFSIGNALED($?) and WTERMSIG($?) for a signal exit and the
-signal. Core dumping is not a portable concept, so there's no portable
-way to test for that.
+=item system
Only implemented if ToolServer is installed. (S<Mac OS>)
Not useful. (S<RISC OS>)
-=item truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH
-
-=item truncate EXPR,LENGTH
+=item truncate
Not implemented. (Older versions of VMS)
or C<sysopen(FH,...,O_APPEND|O_RDWR)>. If a filename is supplied, it
should not be held open elsewhere. (Win32)
-=item umask EXPR
-
=item umask
Returns undef where unavailable, as of version 5.005.
C<umask> works but the correct permissions are set only when the file
is finally closed. (AmigaOS)
-=item utime LIST
+=item utime
Only the modification time is updated. (S<BeOS>, S<Mac OS>, VMS, S<RISC OS>)
=item wait
-=item waitpid PID,FLAGS
+=item waitpid
Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>)
=back
-=head1 CHANGES
-
-=over 4
-
-=item v1.49, 12 August 2002
-
-Updates for VOS from Paul Green.
-
-=item v1.48, 02 February 2001
-
-Various updates from perl5-porters over the past year, supported
-platforms update from Jarkko Hietaniemi.
-
-=item v1.47, 22 March 2000
-
-Various cleanups from Tom Christiansen, including migration of
-long platform listings from L<perl>.
-
-=item v1.46, 12 February 2000
-
-Updates for VOS and MPE/iX. (Peter Prymmer) Other small changes.
-
-=item v1.45, 20 December 1999
-
-Small changes from 5.005_63 distribution, more changes to EBCDIC info.
-
-=item v1.44, 19 July 1999
-
-A bunch of updates from Peter Prymmer for C<$^O> values,
-endianness, File::Spec, VMS, BS2000, OS/400.
-
-=item v1.43, 24 May 1999
-
-Added a lot of cleaning up from Tom Christiansen.
-
-=item v1.42, 22 May 1999
-
-Added notes about tests, sprintf/printf, and epoch offsets.
-
-=item v1.41, 19 May 1999
-
-Lots more little changes to formatting and content.
-
-Added a bunch of C<$^O> and related values
-for various platforms; fixed mail and web addresses, and added
-and changed miscellaneous notes. (Peter Prymmer)
-
-=item v1.40, 11 April 1999
-
-Miscellaneous changes.
-
-=item v1.39, 11 February 1999
-
-Changes from Jarkko and EMX URL fixes Michael Schwern. Additional
-note about newlines added.
-
-=item v1.38, 31 December 1998
-
-More changes from Jarkko.
-
-=item v1.37, 19 December 1998
-
-More minor changes. Merge two separate version 1.35 documents.
-
-=item v1.36, 9 September 1998
-
-Updated for Stratus VOS. Also known as version 1.35.
-
-=item v1.35, 13 August 1998
-
-Integrate more minor changes, plus addition of new sections under
-L<"ISSUES">: L<"Numbers endianness and Width">,
-L<"Character sets and character encoding">,
-L<"Internationalisation">.
-
-=item v1.33, 06 August 1998
-
-Integrate more minor changes.
-
-=item v1.32, 05 August 1998
-
-Integrate more minor changes.
-
-=item v1.30, 03 August 1998
-
-Major update for RISC OS, other minor changes.
-
-=item v1.23, 10 July 1998
-
-First public release with perl5.005.
-
-=back
=head1 Supported Platforms
-As of June 2002 (the Perl release 5.8.0), the following platforms are
+As of July 2002 (the Perl release 5.8.0), the following platforms are
able to build Perl from the standard source code distribution
available at http://www.cpan.org/src/index.html
AIX
BeOS
+ BSD/OS (BSDi)
Cygwin
DG/UX
DOS DJGPP 1)
DYNIX/ptx
EPOC R5
FreeBSD
+ HI-UXMPP (Hitachi) (5.8.0 worked but we didn't know it)
HP-UX
IRIX
Linux
Mac OS Classic
- Mac OS X (Darwin)
+ Mac OS X (Darwin)
MPE/iX
NetBSD
NetWare
NonStop-UX
- ReliantUNIX (SINIX)
+ ReliantUNIX (formerly SINIX)
OpenBSD
- OpenVMS (VMS)
+ OpenVMS (formerly VMS)
+ Open UNIX (Unixware) (since Perl 5.8.1/5.9.0)
OS/2
+ OS/400 (using the PASE) (since Perl 5.8.1/5.9.0)
PowerUX
- POSIX-BC (BS2000)
+ POSIX-BC (formerly BS2000)
QNX
Solaris
SunOS 4
- SUPER-UX
- Tru64 UNIX (DEC OSF/1, Digital UNIX)
+ SUPER-UX (NEC)
+ Tru64 UNIX (formerly DEC OSF/1, Digital UNIX)
UNICOS
UNICOS/mk
UTS
VOS
Win95/98/ME/2K/XP 2)
WinCE
- z/OS (OS/390)
+ z/OS (formerly OS/390)
VM/ESA
1) in DOS mode either the DOS or OS/2 ports can be used
Perl release
- OS/400 5.005_02
+ OS/400 (ILE) 5.005_02
Tandem Guardian 5.004
The following platforms have only binaries available via
L<perlaix>, L<perlamiga>, L<perlapollo>, L<perlbeos>, L<perlbs2000>,
L<perlce>, L<perlcygwin>, L<perldgux>, L<perldos>, L<perlepoc>,
L<perlebcdic>, L<perlfreebsd>, L<perlhurd>, L<perlhpux>, L<perlirix>,
-L<perlmachten>, L<perlmacos>, L<perlmint>, L<perlmpeix>,
-L<perlnetware>, L<perlos2>, L<perlos390>, L<perlplan9>, L<perlqnx>,
-L<perlsolaris>, L<perltru64>, L<perlunicode>, L<perlvmesa>,
-L<perlvms>, L<perlvos>, L<perlwin32>, and L<Win32>.
+L<perlmachten>, L<perlmacos>, L<perlmacosx>, L<perlmint>, L<perlmpeix>,
+L<perlnetware>, L<perlos2>, L<perlos390>, L<perlos400>,
+L<perlplan9>, L<perlqnx>, L<perlsolaris>, L<perltru64>,
+L<perlunicode>, L<perlvmesa>, L<perlvms>, L<perlvos>,
+L<perlwin32>, and L<Win32>.
=head1 AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff