+# Generated by perlmodlib.PL DO NOT EDIT!
+
=head1 NAME
perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
no integer;
no strict 'refs';
- no warning;
+ no warnings;
which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
-like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, whic allow you to predeclare a
+like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
=over 12
+=item attributes
+
+Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
+
=item attrs
-set/get attributes of a subroutine
+Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
=item autouse
-postpone load of modules until a function is used
+Postpone load of modules until a function is used
=item base
Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
+=item bytes
+
+Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
+
+=item charnames
+
+Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escape.
+
=item constant
-declare constants
+Declare constants
=item diagnostics
=item fields
-compile-time class fields
+Compile-time class fields
=item filetest
-control the filetest permission operators
+Control the filetest permission operators
=item integer
-compute arithmetic in integer instead of double
+Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
=item less
-perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
+Request less of something from the compiler
-=item lib
+=item locale
-manipulate @INC at compile time
+Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
-=item locale
+=item open
-use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
+Set default disciplines for input and output
=item ops
-restrict unsafe operations when compiling
+Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
=item overload
=item re
-alter regular expression behavior
+Alter regular expression behaviour
=item sigtrap
-enable simple signal handling
+Enable simple signal handling
=item strict
-restrict unsafe constructs
+Restrict unsafe constructs
=item subs
-predeclare sub names
+Predeclare sub names
-=item utf8
+=item unicode::distinct
-turn on UTF-8 and Unicode support
+Strictly distinguish UTF8 data and non-UTF data.
-=item vars
+=item utf8
-predeclare global variable names
+Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
-=item warning
+=item vars
-control optional warnings
+Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
-=item vmsish
+=item warnings
-control VMS-specific language features
+Control optional warnings
-=item warning
+=item warnings::register
-control optional warnings
+Warnings import function
=back
=item AnyDBM_File
-provide framework for multiple DBMs
+Provide framework for multiple DBMs
=item AutoLoader
-load subroutines only on demand
+Load subroutines only on demand
=item AutoSplit
-split a package for autoloading
+Split a package for autoloading
=item B
-The Perl Compiler; See also L<perlcc>.
+The Perl Compiler
=item B::Asmdata
Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
+=item B::Concise
+
+Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
+
=item B::Debug
Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
Helper module for CC backend
+=item B::Stash
+
+Show what stashes are loaded
+
=item B::Terse
Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
=item Benchmark
-benchmark running times of code
+Benchmark running times of Perl code
+
+=item ByteLoader
+
+Load byte compiled perl code
=item CGI
=item CGI::Apache
-Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
+Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
=item CGI::Carp
CGI Interface for Fast CGI
+=item CGI::Pretty
+
+Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
+
=item CGI::Push
Simple Interface to Server Push
=item CGI::Switch
-Try more than one constructors and return the first object available
+Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
+
+=item CGI::Util
+
+Internal utilities used by CGI module
=item CPAN
-query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
+Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
=item CPAN::FirstTime
=item Carp
-warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
+Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
-=item Class::Struct
+=item Carp::Heavy
-declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
+No user serviceable parts inside
-=item Config
+=item Class::ISA
-access Perl configuration information
+Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
+
+=item Class::Struct
+
+Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
=item Cwd
-get pathname of current working directory
+Get pathname of current working directory
=item DB
-programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API
+Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
=item DB_File
Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
-=item Data::Dumper
-
-stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval>
-
-=item Devel::Peek
+=item Devel::SelfStubber
-A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
+Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
-=item Devel::SelfStubber
+=item Digest
-generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
+Modules that calculate message digests
=item DirHandle
-supply object methods for directory handles
+Supply object methods for directory handles
=item Dumpvalue
-provides screen dump of Perl data.
+Provides screen dump of Perl data.
-=item DynaLoader
+=item Encode
-Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
+Character encodings
-=item English
+=item Encode::EncodeFormat
-use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
+The format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
-=item Env
+=item Encode::Tcl
+
+Tcl encodings
+
+=item English
-perl module that imports environment variables
+Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
-=item Errno
+=item Env
-System errno constants
+Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
=item Exporter
Implements default import method for modules
+=item Exporter::Heavy
+
+Exporter guts
+
=item ExtUtils::Command
-utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
+Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
=item ExtUtils::Embed
=item ExtUtils::Install
-install files from here to there
+Install files from here to there
=item ExtUtils::Installed
=item ExtUtils::Liblist
-determine libraries to use and how to use them
+Determine libraries to use and how to use them
+
+=item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
+
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
=item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
-methods to override UN*X behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
=item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
-methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
=item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
-methods to override UN*X behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
=item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
-methods to override UN*X behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
=item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
-create an extension Makefile
+Create an extension Makefile
=item ExtUtils::Manifest
-utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
-
-=item ExtUtils::Miniperl
-
-write the C code for perlmain.c
+Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
=item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
-make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
+Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
=item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
-write linker options files for dynamic extension
+Write linker options files for dynamic extension
=item ExtUtils::Packlist
-manage .packlist files
+Manage .packlist files
=item ExtUtils::testlib
-add blib/* directories to @INC
+Add blib/* directories to @INC
=item Fatal
-replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
+Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
=item Fcntl
-load the C Fcntl.h defines
+Load the C Fcntl.h defines
=item File::Basename
-split a pathname into pieces
+Split a pathname into pieces
+
+=item File::CheckTree
+
+Run many filetest checks on a tree
=item File::Compare
=item File::Find
-traverse a file tree
+Traverse a file tree
=item File::Path
-create or remove a series of directories
+Create or remove directory trees
=item File::Spec
-portably perform operations on file names
+Portably perform operations on file names
+
+=item File::Spec::Epoc
+
+Methods for Epoc file specs
=item File::Spec::Functions
-portably perform operations on file names
+Portably perform operations on file names
=item File::Spec::Mac
=item File::Spec::OS2
-methods for OS/2 file specs
+Methods for OS/2 file specs
=item File::Spec::Unix
-methods used by File::Spec
+Methods used by File::Spec
=item File::Spec::VMS
-methods for VMS file specs
+Methods for VMS file specs
=item File::Spec::Win32
-methods for Win32 file specs
+Methods for Win32 file specs
+
+=item File::Temp
+
+Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
=item File::stat
-by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
+By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
=item FileCache
-keep more files open than the system permits
+Keep more files open than the system permits
=item FileHandle
-supply object methods for filehandles
+Supply object methods for filehandles
-=item FindBin
+=item Filter::Simple
-Locate directory of original perl script
+Simplified source filtering
-=item GDBM_File
+=item FindBin
-Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
+Locate directory of original perl script
=item Getopt::Long
-extended processing of command line options
+Extended processing of command line options
=item Getopt::Std
=item I18N::Collate
-compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
+Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
=item IO
-load various IO modules
-
-=item IO::Dir
-
-supply object methods for directory handles
-
-=item IO::File
-
-supply object methods for filehandles
-
-=item IO::Handle
-
-supply object methods for I/O handles
-
-=item IO::Pipe
-
-supply object methods for pipes
-
-=item IO::Poll
-
-Object interface to system poll call
-
-=item IO::Seekable
+Load various IO modules
-supply seek based methods for I/O objects
-
-=item IO::Select
-
-OO interface to the select system call
-
-=item IO::Socket
-
-Object interface to socket communications
-
-=item IO::Socket::INET
-
-Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
-
-=item IO::Socket::UNIX
+=item IPC::Open2
-Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
+Open a process for both reading and writing
-=item IPC::Msg
+=item IPC::Open3
-SysV Msg IPC object class
+Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
-=item IPC::Open2
+=item Locale::Constants
-open a process for both reading and writing
+Constants for Locale codes
-=item IPC::Open3
+=item Locale::Country
-open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
+ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
-=item IPC::Semaphore
+=item Locale::Currency
-SysV Semaphore IPC object class
+ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
-=item IPC::SysV
+=item Locale::Language
-SysV IPC constants
+ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
=item Math::BigFloat
=item Math::Complex
-complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
+Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
=item Math::Trig
-trigonometric functions
+Trigonometric functions
=item NDBM_File
Tied access to ndbm files
+=item NEXT
+
+Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
+
=item Net::Ping
-check a remote host for reachability
+Check a remote host for reachability
=item Net::hostent
-by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
+By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
=item Net::netent
-by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
+By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
=item Net::protoent
-by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
+By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
=item Net::servent
-by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
+By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
=item O
Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
+=item ODBM_File
+
+Tied access to odbm files
+
=item Opcode
Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
+=item PerlIO
+
+On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
+
+=item Pod::Checker
+
+Check pod documents for syntax errors
+
+=item Pod::Find
+
+Find POD documents in directory trees
+
=item Pod::Html
-module to convert pod files to HTML
+Module to convert pod files to HTML
+
+=item Pod::InputObjects
+
+Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
+
+=item Pod::LaTeX
+
+Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
+
+=item Pod::Man
+
+Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
+
+=item Pod::ParseUtils
+
+Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
+
+=item Pod::Parser
+
+Base class for creating POD filters and translators
+
+=item Pod::Plainer
+
+Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
+
+=item Pod::Select
+
+Extract selected sections of POD from input
=item Pod::Text
-convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
+Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
+
+=item Pod::Text::Color
+
+Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
+
+=item Pod::Text::Overstrike
+
+Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
+
+=item Pod::Text::Termcap
+
+Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
+
+=item Pod::Usage
+
+Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
=item SDBM_File
=item Search::Dict
-search for key in dictionary file
+Search for key in dictionary file
=item SelectSaver
-save and restore selected file handle
+Save and restore selected file handle
=item SelfLoader
-load functions only on demand
+Load functions only on demand
=item Shell
-run shell commands transparently within perl
+Run shell commands transparently within perl
=item Socket
-load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
+Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
-=item Symbol
+=item Storable
-manipulate Perl symbols and their names
+Persistency for perl data structures
-=item Sys::Hostname
+=item Switch
-Try every conceivable way to get hostname
+A switch statement for Perl
-=item Sys::Syslog
+=item Symbol
+
+Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
-Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
+=item Term::ANSIColor
+
+Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
=item Term::Cap
=item Term::ReadLine
-Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
+Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
=item Test
-provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
+Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
=item Test::Harness
-run perl standard test scripts with statistics
+Run perl standard test scripts with statistics
=item Text::Abbrev
-create an abbreviation table from a list
+Create an abbreviation table from a list
+
+=item Text::Balanced
+
+Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
=item Text::ParseWords
-parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
+Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
=item Text::Soundex
Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
-=item Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
-
-=item Text::Wrap
-
-line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
-
-=item Thread
-
-multithreading
-
-=item Thread::Queue
-
-thread-safe queues
+=item Text::Tabs
-=item Thread::Semaphore
+Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
-thread-safe semaphores
-
-=item Thread::Signal
-
-Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
-
-=item Thread::Specific
+=item Text::Wrap
-thread-specific keys
+Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
=item Tie::Array
-base class for tied arrays
+Base class for tied arrays
=item Tie::Handle
-base class definitions for tied handles
+Base class definitions for tied handles
-=item Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash
+=item Tie::Hash
-base class definitions for tied hashes
+Base class definitions for tied hashes
=item Tie::RefHash
-use references as hash keys
+Use references as hash keys
-=item Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar
+=item Tie::Scalar
-base class definitions for tied scalars
+Base class definitions for tied scalars
=item Tie::SubstrHash
=item Time::Local
-efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
+Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
=item Time::gmtime
-by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
+By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
=item Time::localtime
-by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
+By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
=item Time::tm
-internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
+Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
=item UNIVERSAL
-base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
+Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
=item User::grent
-by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
+By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
=item User::pwent
-by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
+By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
+
+=item Win32
+
+Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
=back
To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
-those without documentation or outside the standard release,
-jus tdo this:
+those without documentation or outside the standard release,
+just do this:
% find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print
CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
-guides, tricks and trap, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
+guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
CPAN can be found at http://cpan.perl.com/ and at
http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_perl/cpan-search.pl .
=over
=item *
+
Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
=item *
+
Development Support
=item *
+
Operating System Interfaces
=item *
+
Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
=item *
+
Data Types and Data Type Utilities
=item *
+
Database Interfaces
=item *
+
User Interfaces
=item *
+
Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
=item *
+
File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
=item *
+
String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
=item *
+
Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
=item *
+
Internationalization and Locale
=item *
+
Authentication, Security, and Encryption
=item *
+
World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
=item *
+
Server and Daemon Utilities
=item *
+
Archiving and Compression
=item *
+
Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
=item *
+
Mail and Usenet News
=item *
+
Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
=item *
+
File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
=item *
+
Miscellaneous Modules
=back
Registered CPAN sites as of this writing include the following.
You should try to choose one close to you:
-=over
+=head2 Africa
-=item Africa
-
- South Africa ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftpza.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/
-
-=item Asia
-
- China ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Hong Kong ftp://ftp.hkstar.com/pub/CPAN/
- Israel ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
- Japan ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.lab.kdd.co.jp/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
- Singapore ftp://ftp.nus.edu.sg/pub/unix/perl/CPAN/
- South Korea ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/
- Taiwan ftp://ftp.wownet.net/pub2/PERL/
- ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
- Thailand ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
-
-=item Australasia
-
- Australia ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.labyrinth.net.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.sage-au.org.au/pub/compilers/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
- New Zealand ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://sunsite.net.nz/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
-
-Central America
-
- Costa Rica ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
-
-=item Europe
-
- Austria ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Belgium ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
- Bulgaria ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
- Croatia ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
- Czech Republic ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/perl/
- ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/Languages/Perl/CPAN/
- Denmark ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Estonia ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Finland ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- France ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
- Germany ftp://ftp.archive.de.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.gmd.de/packages/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/programming/languages/script/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Greece ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
- Hungary ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
- Ireland ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
- Italy ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
- Netherlands ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.EU.net/packages/cpan/
- ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Norway ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
- ftp://sunsite.uio.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Poland ftp://ftp.man.szczecin.pl/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
- Portugal ftp://ftp.ci.uminho.pt/pub/mirrors/cpan/
- ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
- Romania ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/mirrors/perl-cpan/
- ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
- Russia ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Slovakia ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Slovenia ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
- Spain ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
- ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
- Sweden ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Switzerland ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
- Turkey ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
- United Kingdom ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/
- ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk/mirrors/perl-CPAN/
-
-=item North America
-
- Alberta ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
- California ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/
- Colorado ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
- Florida ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
- Illinois ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Indiana ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
- Manitoba ftp://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
- Massachusetts ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/
- Mexico ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
- Minnesota ftp://ftp.midearthbbs.com/CPAN/
- New York ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
- North Carolina ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
- Oklahoma ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
- Ontario ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/packages/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Oregon ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/packages/CPAN/
- Pennsylvania ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
- Texas ftp://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
- Utah ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
- Virginia ftp://ftp.perl.org/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
- Washington ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.spu.edu/pub/CPAN/
-
-=item South America
-
- Brazil ftp://cpan.if.usp.br/pub/mirror/CPAN/
- Chile ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/Lang/perl/CPAN/
+=over 4
-=back
+=item *
-For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
-see http://www.perl.com/perl/CPAN or ftp://www.perl.com/perl/ .
+South Africa
-=head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
+ ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftpza.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/
+ ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/
-(The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
-file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
+=back
-Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
-package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
-namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
-used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
-first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
-or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
+=head2 Asia
-A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
-name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
-called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
-its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
-totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
-might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
-demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
-exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
-the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
+=over 4
-=head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
+=item *
-=over 4
+China
-=item Do similar modules already exist in some form?
+ ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ http://www2.linuxforum.net/mirror/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.shellhung.org/
+ ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
-If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
-by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
-practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
-extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
-A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
-with command line options.
+=item *
-If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
-modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
-helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
-scheme as the original author.
+Hong Kong
-=item Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
+ http://CPAN.pacific.net.hk/
+ ftp://ftp.pacific.net.hk/pub/mirror/CPAN/
-Always use B<-w>.
+=item *
-Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
-into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
-e.g.,:
+Indonesia
- sub new {
- my $class = shift;
- return bless {}, $class;
- }
+ http://piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirrors.piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
+ http://CPAN.mweb.co.id/
+ ftp://ftp.mweb.co.id/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
-or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
-or a virtual method.
+=item *
- sub new {
- my $self = shift;
- my $class = ref($self) || $self;
- return bless {}, $class;
- }
+Israel
-Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
-(it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
-appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
-Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
+ http://www.iglu.org.il:/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
+ http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
-Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
-Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
-Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
-class names as far as possible.
+=item *
-Avoid C<$r-E<gt>Class::func()> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
-C<$r-E<gt>func()> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
+Japan
-Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
-burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
-the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
+ ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
+ http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
+ ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
+ ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
+=item *
-Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
-C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
-to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
-does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
-into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
+Saudi Arabia
-Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
-difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
-information in objects.
+ ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
-Always use B<-w>.
+=item *
-Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
-Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
-of code that need less strictness.
+Singapore
-Always use B<-w>.
+ http://cpan.hjc.edu.sg
+ http://ftp.nus.edu.sg/unix/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.nus.edu.sg/pub/unix/perl/CPAN/
-Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
+=item *
-Always use B<-w>.
+South Korea
-=item Some simple style guidelines
+ http://CPAN.bora.net/
+ ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
+ http://ftp.kornet.net/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/
-The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
+=item *
-Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
-style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
-maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
-seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
+Taiwan
-Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
-$var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
-non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
-consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
+ ftp://coda.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
-Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
-reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
-and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
-use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
+=item *
-You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
-or nature of a variable. For example:
+Thailand
- $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
- $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
- $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
+ http://download.nectec.or.th/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/languages/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
-Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
-e.g., C<$obj-E<gt>as_string()>.
+=back
-You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
-function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
+=head2 Central America
-=item Select what to export.
+=over 4
-Do NOT export method names!
+=item *
-Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
+Costa Rica
-Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
-export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
-short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
+ ftp://ftp.linux.co.cr/mirrors/CPAN/
+ http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
-Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
-module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<$blessed_ref-E<gt>method>)
+=back
+
+=head2 Europe
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+Austria
+
+ ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Belgium
+
+ http://ftp.easynet.be/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.easynet.be/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Bulgaria
+
+ ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Croatia
+
+ ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Czech Republic
+
+ http://www.fi.muni.cz/pub/perl/
+ ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/perl/
+ ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Denmark
+
+ ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
+ ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+England
+
+ http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/
+ http://mirror.uklinux.net/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirror.uklinux.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Estonia
+
+ ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Finland
+
+ ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+France
+
+ ftp://cpan.ftp.worldonline.fr/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
+ ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Germany
+
+ ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/CPAN/
+ http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/general/programming/languages/script/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Greece
+
+ ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
+
+=item *
+
+Hungary
+
+ http://cpan.artifact.hu/
+ ftp://cpan.artifact.hu/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Iceland
+
+ http://cpan.gm.is/
+ ftp://ftp.gm.is/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Ireland
+
+ http://cpan.indigo.ie/
+ ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
+ http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
+ ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
+
+=item *
+
+Italy
+
+ http://cpan.nettuno.it/
+ http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
+ ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
+ http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
+ ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
+ ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
+ ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Latvia
+
+ http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Netherlands
+
+ ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
+ http://www.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Norway
+
+ ftp://sunsite.uio.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
+
+=item *
+
+Poland
+
+ ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.com/
+ ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Portugal
+
+ ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.netc.pt/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Romania
+
+ ftp://archive.logicnet.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
+ ftp://ftp.opsynet.com/cpan/
+ ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Russia
+
+ ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.rinet.ru/
+ ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Slovakia
+
+ ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Slovenia
+
+ ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Spain
+
+ ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
+
+=item *
+
+Sweden
+
+ http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Switzerland
+
+ ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Turkey
+
+ ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=head2 North America
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+Canada
+
+=over 8
+
+=item *
+
+Alberta
+
+ http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Manitoba
+
+ http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Nova Scotia
+
+ ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Ontario
+
+ ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/packages/lang/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Mexico
+
+ http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=item *
+
+United States
+
+=over 8
+
+=item *
+
+Alabama
+
+ http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+California
+
+ http://www.cpan.org/
+ ftp://ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
+ ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/
+ http://www.kernel.org/pub/mirrors/cpan/
+ ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/mirrors/cpan/
+ http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
+ http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Colorado
+
+ ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Florida
+
+ ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Georgia
+
+ ftp://ftp.twoguys.org/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Illinois
+
+ http://www.neurogames.com/mirrors/CPAN
+ http://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Indiana
+
+ ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.nitco.com/
+ ftp://cpan.nitco.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://cpan.in-span.net/
+ http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
+
+=item *
+
+Kentucky
+
+ http://cpan.uky.edu/
+ ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Massachusetts
+
+ ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+New Jersey
+
+ ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+New York
+
+ ftp://ftp.freesoftware.com/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ http://www.deao.net/mirrors/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.deao.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
+ http://mirror.nyc.anidea.com/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirror.nyc.anidea.com/pub/CPAN/
+ http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
+ ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
+ ftp://mirrors.cloud9.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+North Carolina
+
+ ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
+
+=item *
+
+Ohio
+
+ ftp://ftp.loaded.net/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Oklahoma
+
+ ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Oregon
+
+ ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/packages/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Pennsylvania
+
+ http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
+ ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Tennessee
+
+ ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Texas
+
+ http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+ http://jhcloos.com/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://jhcloos.com/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Utah
+
+ ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Virginia
+
+ http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
+ ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
+ http://perl.Liquidation.com/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Washington
+
+ http://cpan.llarian.net/
+ ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.spu.edu/pub/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Oceania
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+Australia
+
+ http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+New Zealand
+
+ ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=head2 South America
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+Argentina
+
+ ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Brazil
+
+ ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/
+ ftp://cpan.if.usp.br/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Chile
+
+ ftp://ftp.psinet.cl/pub/programming/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/perl/
+
+=back
+
+For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
+see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
+
+=head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
+
+(The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
+file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
+
+Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
+package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
+namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
+used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
+first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
+or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
+
+A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
+name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
+called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
+its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
+totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
+might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
+demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
+exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
+the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
+
+=head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+Do similar modules already exist in some form?
+
+If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
+by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
+practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
+extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
+A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
+with command line options.
+
+If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
+modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
+helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
+scheme as the original author.
+
+=item *
+
+Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
+
+Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
+Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
+of code that need less warnings.
+
+Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
+into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
+e.g.,:
+
+ sub new {
+ my $class = shift;
+ return bless {}, $class;
+ }
+
+or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
+or a virtual method.
+
+ sub new {
+ my $self = shift;
+ my $class = ref($self) || $self;
+ return bless {}, $class;
+ }
+
+Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
+(it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
+appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
+Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
+
+Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
+Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
+Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
+class names as far as possible.
+
+Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
+C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
+
+Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
+burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
+the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
+
+ eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
+
+Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
+C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
+to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
+does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
+into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
+
+Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
+difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
+information in objects.
+
+Always use B<-w>.
+
+Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
+Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
+of code that need less strictness.
+
+Always use B<-w>.
+
+Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
+
+Always use B<-w>.
+
+=item *
+
+Some simple style guidelines
+
+The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
+
+Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
+style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
+maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
+seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
+
+Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
+$var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
+non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
+consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
+
+Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
+reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
+and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
+use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
+
+You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
+or nature of a variable. For example:
+
+ $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
+ $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
+ $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
+
+Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
+e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
+
+You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
+function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
+
+=item *
+
+Select what to export.
+
+Do NOT export method names!
+
+Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
+
+Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
+export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
+short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
+
+Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
+module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
@EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
-=item Select a name for the module.
+=item *
+
+Select a name for the module.
This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
those modules.
+If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
+that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
+that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
+can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
+using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
+
To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
-=item Have you got it right?
+=item *
+
+Have you got it right?
How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
-=item README and other Additional Files.
+=item *
+
+README and other Additional Files.
It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
=over 10
=item *
+
A description of the module/package/extension etc.
=item *
+
A copyright notice - see below.
=item *
+
Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
=item *
+
How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
=item *
+
How to install it.
=item *
+
Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
=item *
+
Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
=back
=item Adding a Copyright Notice.
+
How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
-=item Give the module a version/issue/release number.
+=item *
+
+Give the module a version/issue/release number.
To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
should store your module's version number in a non-my package
releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
-=item How to release and distribute a module.
+=item *
+
+How to release and distribute a module.
It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
distribution.
-If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
+If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
include details of its location in your announcement.
Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
-Follow the instructions and links on
+Follow the instructions and links on:
- http://franz.ww.tu-berlin.de/modulelist
+ http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
+ http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
or upload to one of these sites:
- ftp://franz.ww.tu-berlin.de/incoming
- ftp://ftp.cis.ufl.edu/incoming
+ https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
+ http://pause.perl.org/pause/
-and notify <F<upload@franz.ww.tu-berlin.de>>.
+and notify <modules@perl.org>.
By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
-=item Take care when changing a released module.
+=item *
+
+Take care when changing a released module.
Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
=over 4
-=item There is no requirement to convert anything.
+=item *
+
+There is no requirement to convert anything.
If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
-=item Consider the implications.
+=item *
+
+Consider the implications.
All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
-=item Make the most of the opportunity.
+=item *
+
+Make the most of the opportunity.
If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
-=item The pl2pm utility will get you started.
+=item *
+
+The pl2pm utility will get you started.
This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
=over 10
=item *
+
Adds the standard Module prologue lines
=item *
+
Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
=item *
+
Converts die(...) to croak(...)
=item *
+
Several other minor changes
=back
=over 4
-=item Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
+=item *
+
+Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
+
+=item *
-=item Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
+Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
to reuse.
-=item Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
+=item *
+
+Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
+
+=item *
+
+Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
-=item Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
+=item *
-=item In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
+In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
the application could invoked as:
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff