=over 4
-=item A thread exited while %d threads were running
-
-(W) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily the main
-thread) exited while there were still other threads running.
-Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return values of the
-created threads by joining them, and only then exit from the main
-thread. See L<threads>.
-
=item accept() on closed socket %s
(W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget
(X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
-=item '!' allowed only after types %s
+=item '%c' allowed only after types %s
-(F) The '!' is allowed in pack() or unpack() only after certain types.
-See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+(F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or unpack() only
+after certain types. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
=item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
name, and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this
error.
-=item '%s' trapped by operation mask
-
-(F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's
-disallowed. See L<Safe>.
-
=item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
(W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator
that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
+=item Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
+
+(W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O system you
+forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers take care of transforming
+data between external and internal representations.) Perl stopped parsing
+the layer list at this point and did not attempt to push this layer.
+If your program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
+the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
+
=item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
(D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
know which context to supply to the right side.
+=item A thread exited while %d threads were running
+
+(W threads)(S) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily the main
+thread) exited while there were still other threads running.
+Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return values of the
+created threads by joining them, and only then exit from the main
+thread. See L<threads>.
+
=item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
(F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in
the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
-=item Attempt to clear a restricted hash
-
-(F) It is currently not allowed to clear a restricted hash, even if the
-new hash would contain the same keys as before. This may change in
-the future.
-
-=item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
-
-(F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
-declared readonly from a restricted hash.
-
-=item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
-
-(F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key
-which is not in its key set.
-
=item Attempt to bless into a reference
(F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be
bless $self, "$proto";
+=item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
+
+(F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key
+which is not in its key set.
+
+=item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
+
+(F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
+declared readonly from a restricted hash.
+
=item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
(P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas
literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to
avoid this warning.
+=item Attempt to set length of freed array
+
+(W) You tried to set the length of an array which has been freed. You
+can do this by storing a reference to the scalar representing the last index
+of an array and later assigning through that reference. For example
+
+ $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
+ $$r = 503
+
=item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
(W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr()
(P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
copyable.
-=item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script
-
-(F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,
-which provides a race condition that breaks security.
-
=item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
(W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to
function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid
the warning. See L<perlsub>.
-=item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
-
-(F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER compressed
-integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted
-to compress something else. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
-
=item Cannot compress integer in pack
(F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The BER
(F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed integer
format can only be used with positive integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+=item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
+
+(F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER compressed
+integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted
+to compress something else. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
=item Can't bless non-reference value
(F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces"
point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #!
line.
+=item Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
+
+(F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-endian,
+or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and unpacking big- or
+little-endian floating point values and pointers may not be possible.
+See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
=item Can't exec "%s": %s
(W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the
found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The
script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
+=item Can't find %s property definition %s
+
+(F) You may have tried to use C<\p> which means a Unicode property (for
+example C<\p{Lu}> is all uppercase letters). If you did mean to use a
+Unicode property, see L<perlunicode> for the list of known properties.
+If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either
+by C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, until
+possible C<\E>).
+
=item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
(F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means
unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's
editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
-=item Can't find %s property definition %s
-
-(F) You may have tried to use C<\p> which means a Unicode property (for
-example C<\p{Lu}> is all uppercase letters). If you did mean to use a
-Unicode property, see L<perlunicode> for the list of known properties.
-If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either
-by C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, until
-possible C<\E>).
-
=item Can't fork
(F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no.
See L<perlfunc/goto>.
-=item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string
+=item Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
+
+(F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
+comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such
+as the reduce() function in List::Util).
+
+=item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
(F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
-"string". (You can use it to jump out of an eval {BLOCK}, but you
-probably don't want to.)
+"string" or block.
=item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See
L<perlfunc/last>.
+=item Can't load '%s' for module %s
+
+(F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic extension. This
+may either mean that you upgraded your version of perl to one that is
+incompatible with your old dynamic extensions (which is known to happen
+between major versions of perl), or (more likely) that your dynamic
+extension was built against an older version of the library that is
+installed on your system. You may need to rebuild your old dynamic
+extensions.
+
=item Can't localize lexical variable %s
(F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit>
the file, say, by doing C<make install>.
+=item Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
+
+(F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library, like
+for example, C<foo.so> or C<bar.dll>, but the L<DynaLoader> module was
+unable to locate this library. See L<DynaLoader>.
+
=item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
(F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>.
-=item Can't locate PerlIO%s
-
-(F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
-e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
-
-=item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
-
-(F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
-"Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means
-that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
-
=item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
(W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that
doesn't seem to exist.
+=item Can't locate PerlIO%s
+
+(F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
+e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
+
=item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
(F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably
redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined
for stdout.
-=item Can't open perl script%s: %s
+=item Can't open perl script%s
(F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
+If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on the
+shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that search, so
+you don't have to type the path or C<`which $scriptname`>.
+
=item Can't read CRTL environ
(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV
or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not
searched.
-=item Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s
-
-(F) Perl optimizes the internal handling of sort subroutines and keeps
-pointers into them. You tried to redefine one such sort subroutine when
-it was currently active, which is not allowed. If you really want to do
-this, you should write C<sort { &func } @x> instead of C<sort func @x>.
-
=item Can't "redo" outside a loop block
(F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This
is not allowed.
+=item Can't return outside a subroutine
+
+(F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
+there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>.
+
=item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
(F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue subroutine,
the call to the subroutine, which tell Perl that the call should be in
list context.
-=item Can't return outside a subroutine
-
-(F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
-there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>.
-
=item Can't stat script "%s"
(P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it
upgradability. Upgrading to undef indicates an error in the code
calling sv_upgrade.
-=item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
-
-(F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
-be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
-
=item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
-(P) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol
+(F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol
table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous
for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>.
+=item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
+
+(F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
+be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
+
=item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
(F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
+=item Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
+
+(F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-endian
+byte-order at the same time, so this combination of modifiers is not
+allowed. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
=item Can't use %s for loop variable
(F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a
have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
weren't.
+=item Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
+
+(F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type
+that is already inside a group with a byte-order modifier.
+For example you cannot force little-endianness on a type that
+is inside a big-endian group.
+
=item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
(F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
(F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
-didn't look like an array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
+didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
=item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
-=item Character in "C" format wrapped in pack
+=item Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
(W pack) You said
If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
instead.
-=item Character in "c" format wrapped in pack
+=item Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
+
+(W pack) You said
+
+ pack("U0W", $x)
+
+where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However, C<U0>-mode expects
+all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so Perl behaved as if you
+meant:
+
+ pack("U0W", $x & 255)
+
+=item Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
(W pack) You said
If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
instead.
-=item Code missing after '/'
+=item Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
-(F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be another
-template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+(W unpack) You tried something like
+
+ unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
+
+where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a value
+below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl uses the value
+modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
+
+ unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
+
+=item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
+
+(W pack) You tried something like
+
+ pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
+
+where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
+value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
+uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
+
+ pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
+
+=item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
+
+(W unpack) You tried something like
+
+ unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
+
+where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
+value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
+uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
+
+ unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
=item close() on unopened filehandle %s
(W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
+=item Code missing after '/'
+
+(F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be another
+template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
=item %s: Command not found
(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
lock.
-
=item cond_signal() called on unlocked variable
(W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
L<perlfunc/pack>.
-=item C<-p> destination: %s
-
-(F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
-command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
-redirected it with select().)
-
-=item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
-
-(F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
-know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
-
=item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
(W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly)
long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code
that triggers this error.
+=item Deprecated use of my() in false conditional
+
+(D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to C<my $x if 0>.
+There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable
+not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false
+conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind of
+static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want people
+relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static effect by
+declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, eg
+
+ sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
+
+becomes
+
+ { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
+
+=item DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
+
+(F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which is
+just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort rather than
+to create a dangling reference.
+
=item Did not produce a valid header
See Server error.
=item (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
-(S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
-found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
+(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
+"%s found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be
because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
"sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're referencing
(S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
already been freed.
+=item Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
+
+(W) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a type
+in a pack template. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
=item elseif should be elsif
-(S) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's ugly.
-Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named
+(S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's
+ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named
"elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is
unlikely to be what you want.
(F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
effective uids or gids failed.
+=item %ENV is aliased to %s
+
+(F) You're running under taint mode, and the C<%ENV> variable has been
+aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of the
+program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
+
=item Error converting file specification %s
(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file
(F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a
PDP-11 or something?
+=item Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
+
+(W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string start with a length indicator
+which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point in asking for
+a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as if you specified
+C<u63> as format.
+
=item Filehandle %s opened only for input
(W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended
=item Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
(W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
-as STDOUT or STDERR. This occured because you closed STDOUT or STDERR
+as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you closed STDOUT or STDERR
previously.
=item Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
(W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
-as STDIN. This occured because you closed STDIN previously.
+as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN previously.
=item Final $ should be \$ or $name
happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the
name.
-=item Final @ should be \@ or @name
-
-(F) You must now decide whether the final @ in a string was meant to be
-a literal "at" sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
-happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the
-name.
-
=item flock() on closed filehandle %s
(W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed
filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the
same name?
-=item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
-
-(F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you
-meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
-where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
-
=item Format not terminated
(F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
=item %s found where operator expected
-(S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator. If it
-sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an
+(S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator.
+If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an
operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an
operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
(F) When using the C<sub> keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine,
you must always specify a block of code. See L<perlsub>.
+=item Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
+
+(F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See L<perlsub>.
+
=item Illegal division by zero
(F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in
=item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s
(X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
-following switches: B<-[DIMUdmtw]>.
+following switches: B<-[CDIMUdmtwA]>.
=item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
(F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by
-the world. See L<perlsec>.
+the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative directory.
+See L<perlsec>.
=item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
See L<attributes>.
+=item Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
+
+(W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other than a
+colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list.
+If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that
+list was terminated too soon.
+
=item Invalid type '%s' in %s
(F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type.
(W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened.
Check you control flow and number of arguments.
+=item IO layers (like "%s") unavailable
+
+(F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
+you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO Perl must be configured
+with 'useperlio'.
+
=item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
(F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
neither as a system call or an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
+=item $* is no longer supported
+
+(D deprecated) The special variable C<$*>, deprecated in older perls, has
+been removed as of 5.9.0 and is no longer supported. You should use the
+C<//m> and C<//s> regexp modifiers instead.
+
+=item $# is no longer supported
+
+(D deprecated) The special variable C<$#>, deprecated in older perls, has
+been removed as of 5.9.3 and is no longer supported. You should use the
+printf/sprintf functions instead.
+
=item `%s' is not a code reference
(W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of overload::constant
=item length/code after end of string in unpack
-(F) While unpacking, the string buffer was alread used up when an unpack
+(F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an unpack
length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in
an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
to check the return value of your socket() call? See
L<perlfunc/listen>.
+=item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can
+handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release. The <-- HERE
+shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
+
=item lstat() on filehandle %s
(W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context. See
L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
-=item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
-
-(F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can
-handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release. The <-- HERE
-shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
-
=item Malformed integer in [] in pack
(F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
=item Malformed UTF-8 character (%s)
-Perl detected something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding rules.
+(W utf8) Perl detected something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding rules.
One possible cause is that you read in data that you thought to be in
UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy 8-bit data). Another
Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while
doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
+=item Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
+
+(F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
+rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
+
+=item Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
+
+(F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
+rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
+
+=item Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
+
+(F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
+rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
+
=item %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
(W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
(W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
separate two digits.
+=item Missing argument to -%c
+
+(F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
+immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
+
=item Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}
(F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within
=item (Missing operator before %s?)
-(S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
-found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
+(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
+"%s found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
=item Missing right brace on %s
=item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
-(S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
-found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
+(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
+"%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
the previous line just because you saw this message.
=item Modification of a read-only value attempted
(W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>.
They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
-=item '/' must be followed by 'a*', 'A*' or 'Z*'
-
-(F) You had a pack template indicating a counted-length string,
-Currently the only things that can have their length counted are a*, A*
-or Z*. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
-
=item '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
(F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not
again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> declaration is
provided for this purpose.
+NOTE: This warning detects symbols that have been used only once so $c, @c,
+%c, *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or format) are considered
+the same; if a program uses $c only once but also uses any of the others it
+will not trigger this warning.
+
=item Negative '/' count in unpack
(F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was
will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
securable. See L<perlsec>.
-=item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
-
-(F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
-
=item No comma allowed after %s
(F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not
=item No DB::DB routine defined
(F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
-for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof) didn't
-define a routine to be called at the beginning of each statement. Which
-is odd, because the file should have been required automatically, and
-should have blown up the require if it didn't parse right.
+for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::>
+module) didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each
+statement.
=item No dbm on this machine
(P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should
supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>.
-=item No DBsub routine
+=item No DB::sub routine defined
+
+(F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
+for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::>
+module) didn't define a C<DB::sub> routine to be called at the beginning
+of each ordinary subroutine call.
+
+=item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
-(F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch,
-but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof)
-didn't define a DB::sub routine to be called at the beginning of each
-ordinary subroutine call.
+(F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
=item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
(F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
your system.
-=item No space allowed after -%c
-
-(F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
-immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
-
=item No %s specified for -%c
(F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but
you haven't specified one.
+=item No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
+
+(F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated typed variable
+but that key is not allowed by the package of the same type. The indicated
+package has restricted the set of allowed keys using the L<fields> pragma.
+
=item No such class %s
(F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my" or "our" declaration, but
F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which
need to be added to UTC to get local time.
-=item Null filename used
+=item Non-string passed as bitmask
+
+(W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to select().
+Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor bitmasks for
+select. See L<perlfunc/select>
+
+=item Null filename used
(F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many
machines that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
exception to this is that C<sysread()>ing past the buffer will extend
the buffer and zero pad the new area.
-=item -%s on unopened filehandle %s
-
-(W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle
-that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
-
=item %s() on unopened %s
(W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was
never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket()
call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
+=item -%s on unopened filehandle %s
+
+(W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle
+that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
+
=item oops: oopsAV
(S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
(S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
-=item Operation `%s': no method found, %s
+=item Operation "%s": no method found, %s
(F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no
handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms
the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use C<ulimit -a>
and C<ulimit -d n>, respectively.
+=item Out of memory during %s extend
+
+(X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string beyond
+the largest possible memory allocation.
+
=item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
otherwise.
+=item '.' outside of string in pack
+
+(F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the working
+position to before the start of the packed string being built.
+
=item '@' outside of string in unpack
(F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+=item '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
+
+(F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
+the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also invalid
+UTF-8. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
=item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
(W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a
mixed-case attribute name, instead. See L<attributes>.
+=item pack/unpack repeat count overflow
+
+(F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
+signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
=item page overflow
(W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a
(P) An internal error.
+=item panic: attempt to call %s in %s
+
+(P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
+an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this
+platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
+enter this branch on this platform.
+
=item panic: ck_grep
(P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
(P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak
reference.
+=item panic: Devel::DProf inconsistent subroutine return
+
+(P) Devel::DProf called a subroutine that exited using goto(LABEL),
+last(LABEL) or next(LABEL). Leaving that way a subroutine called from
+an XSUB will lead very probably to a crash of the interpreter. This is
+a bug that will hopefully one day get fixed.
+
=item panic: die %s
(P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
it wasn't an eval context.
-=item panic: pp_match%s
-
-(P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational
-data.
-
=item panic: do_subst
(P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational
(P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
-=item panic: mapstart
+=item panic: memory wrap
-(P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the map() function.
+(P) Something tried to allocate more memory than possible.
=item panic: null array
(P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
+=item panic: pp_match%s
+
+(P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational
+data.
+
=item panic: pp_split
(P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
(P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
-=item panic: yylex
+=item panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
-(P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
+(P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that isn't permitted
+at run time.
=item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
(P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
to even) byte length.
+=item panic: yylex
+
+(P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
+
=item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
(W parenthesis) You said something like
Remember that "my", "our", and "local" bind tighter than comma.
+=item C<-p> destination: %s
+
+(F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
+command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
+redirected it with select().)
+
+=item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
+
+(F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
+"Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means
+that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
+
+=item Perl_my_%s() not available
+
+(F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size,
+so it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
+conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
+'<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
=item Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped
(F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
(F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>.
+=item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
+
+See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values.
+
=item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
(S) The whole warning message will look something like:
you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in
L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
-=item perlio: argument list not closed for layer "%s"
-
-(W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O system you
-forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers take care of transforming
-data between external and internal representations.) Perl stopped parsing
-the layer list at this point and did not attempt to push this layer.
-If your program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
-the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
-
-=item perlio: invalid separator character %s in layer specification list %s
-
-(W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other than a
-colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list.
-If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that
-list was terminated too soon.
-
-=item perlio: unknown layer "%s"
-
-(W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O
-system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and
-internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>,
-are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't
-explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the
-value of the environment variable PERLIO.
-
=item Permission denied
(F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.
(F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
+=item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script
+
+(F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,
+which provides a race condition that breaks security.
+
+=item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The <-- HERE
+shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
+Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix
+the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>,
+not C<isprint>. See L<perlre>.
+
+=item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
+
+(F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
+the BSD version, which takes a pid.
+
=item POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
(W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go
and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
-=item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
-
-(F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The <-- HERE
-shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
-Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix
-the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>,
-not C<isprint>. See L<perlre>.
-
-=item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
-
-(F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
-the BSD version, which takes a pid.
-
=item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
(W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
This expression is actually equivalent to C<$x & ($y == 0)>, due to the
higher precedence of C<==>. This is probably not what you want. (If you
-really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, write
-C<$x & ($y == 0 ? 1 : 0)>).
+really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the
+parentheses explicitly and write C<$x & ($y == 0)>).
=item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened
to the array you apparently lost track of.
-=item Possible Y2K bug: %s
-
-(W y2k) You are concatenating the number 19 with another number, which
-could be a potential Year 2000 problem.
-
=item pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead
(D deprecated) You have written something like this:
(F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
definition.
+=item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you
+meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
+where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
+
=item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
(F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of the
One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment
by prepending "0" to your numbers.
+=item readline() on closed filehandle %s
+
+(W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
+before now. Check your control flow.
+
=item read() on closed filehandle %s
(W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
(W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
-=item readline() on closed filehandle %s
-
-(W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
-before now. Check your control flow.
-
=item Reallocation too large: %lx
(F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
(P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it
earlier.
-=item pack/unpack repeat count overflow
+=item Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @# incompatible)
-(F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
-signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+(F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
+numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
+terminates. You might use ^# instead. See L<perlform>.
=item Reversed %s= operator
themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by
shifting or popping (for array variables). See L<perlform>.
+=item Scalars leaked: %d
+
+(P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars:
+not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited.
+What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad,
+especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running.
+
=item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
(W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
L<perlref>.
-=item Scalars leaked: %d
-
-(P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars:
-not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited.
-What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad,
-especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running.
-
=item Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
(F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a setuid
in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be
misparsed by pre-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern.
+=item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern
+
+(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a C<?PATTERN?>
+construct.
+
+The question mark is also used as part of the ternary operator (as in
+C<foo ? 0 : 1>) leading to some ambiguous constructions being wrongly
+parsed. One way to disambiguate the parsing is to put parentheses around
+the conditional expression, i.e. C<(foo) ? 0 : 1>.
+
=item %sseek() on unopened filehandle
(W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
L<perlre>.
-=item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
-
-(F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance
-for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <-- HERE shows in
-the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
-L<perlre>.
-
=item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
(F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved but
the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
L<perlre>.
+=item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance
+for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <-- HERE shows in
+the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
+L<perlre>.
+
=item 500 Server error
See Server error.
(F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the
world, because the world might have written on it already.
+=item Setuid script not plain file
+
+(F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that isn't read from a file,
+but from a socket, a pipe or another device.
+
=item shm%s not implemented
(F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
+=item !=~ should be !~
+
+(W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
+interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
+operators: probably not what you intended.
+
=item <> should be quotes
(F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written
(W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist.
Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
-=item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
-
-See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values.
-
=item sort is now a reserved word
(F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.
(W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that
was either never opened or has since been closed.
-=item Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading %s
+=item Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s"
(P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation
stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to
(F) Your Perl was compiled with B<-D>SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but
a version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.
+=item sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
+
+(P) Perl tried to force the upgrade an SV to a type which was actually
+inferior to its current type.
+
=item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
(F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most two
(F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real
and effective uids or gids.
+=item %s syntax
+
+(F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
+
=item syntax error
(F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict"
or "my $var" or "our $var".
-=item %s syntax
-
-(F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
-
=item sysread() on closed filehandle %s
(W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
before now. Check your control flow.
+=item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
+
+(F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
+know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
+
=item Target of goto is too deeply nested
(F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested
past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename
instead.
+=item The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
+
+(F) Currently this attribute is not supported on C<my> or C<sub>
+declarations. See L<perlfunc/our>.
+
=item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
=item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
=item thread failed to start: %s
-(F) The entry point function of threads->create() failed for some reason.
-
-=item Tied variable freed while still in use
-
-(F) An access method for a tied variable (e.g. FETCH) did something to
-free the variable. Since continuing the current operation is likely
-to result in a coredump, Perl is bailing out instead.
+(W threads)(S) The entry point function of threads->create() failed for some reason.
=item times not implemented
(F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
suspect you're not running on Unix.
+=item "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
+
+(X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
+B<-T> option, but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.
+This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a
+script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment.
+So Perl gives up.
+
+If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
+mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed by
+editing the #! line so that the B<-T> option is a part of Perl's first
+argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -T> to C<perl -T -n>.
+
+If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
+B<-T> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -T scriptname>.
+
=item To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
(F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
(F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
system call to call, silly dilly.
-=item Too late for "B<-T>" option
-
-(X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
-B<-T> option, but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.
-This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a
-script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment.
-So Perl gives up.
-
-If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
-mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed by
-editing the #! line so that the B<-T> option is a part of Perl's first
-argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -T> to C<perl -T -n>.
-
-If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
-B<-T> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -T scriptname>.
-
=item Too late for "-%s" option
(X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
-B<-M> or B<-m> option. This is an error because B<-M> and B<-m> options
+B<-M>, B<-m> or B<-C> option. This is an error because those options
are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead.
=item Too late to run %s block
=item Transliteration replacement not terminated
-(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
-construct.
+(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
+y/// or y[][] construct.
+
+=item '%s' trapped by operation mask
+
+(F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's
+disallowed. See L<Safe>.
=item truncate not implemented
(F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte
order.
+=item Unknown open() mode '%s'
+
+(F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
+of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>,
+C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>.
+
+=item Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
+
+(W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O
+system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and
+internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>,
+are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't
+explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the
+value of the environment variable PERLIO.
+
+=item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
+
+(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before
+iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of
+data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
+subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
+
=item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered. See L<perlre>.
-=item Unknown open() mode '%s'
-
-(F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
-of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>,
-C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>.
-
-=item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
-
-(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before
-iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of
-data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
-subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
-
=item Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
understood literally.
+=item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
+
+(W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
+recognized by Perl.
+
=item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
(W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
escape was discovered.
-=item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
-
-(W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
-recognized by Perl.
-
=item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
(F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try
changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
-=item Unsupported script encoding
+=item Unsupported script encoding %s
(F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which
-declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot yet read.
+declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot read.
=item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
(W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was
still valid when C<untie> was called.
-=item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
-
-(W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no
-meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
-
- if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
+=item Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
-must be written as
+(F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments.
+See L<POSIX/FUNCTIONS> for more information.
- if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
+=item Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
-The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
-where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
+(F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments.
+See L<Win32> for more information.
=item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
+=item Useless localization of %s
+
+(W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as C<local($x=10)> is
+legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may change at
+some point in the future, but in the meantime such code is discouraged.
+
+=item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no
+meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
+
+ if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
+
+must be written as
+
+ if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
+
+The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
+where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
+
=item Useless use of %s in void context
(W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does
This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1
since they are often used in statements like
- 1 while sub_with_side_effects() ;
+ 1 while sub_with_side_effects();
String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
about.
(D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form
if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
+=item Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated
+
+(D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to
+$ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this
+behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they
+will simply fail.
+
+Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not
+blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.
+
=item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
(W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is
used. (This may change in the future.)
-=item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
+=item Use of freed value in iteration
-(W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split>
-operator. Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern
-repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect.
+(F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop?
+This error is typically caused by code like the following:
+
+ @a = (3,4);
+ @a = () for (1,2,@a);
+
+You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over.
+For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full
+reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the
+middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value.
=item Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated
(D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO} form
to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob.
-=item Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated
-
-(D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to
-$ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this
-behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they
-will simply fail.
+=item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
-Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not
-blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.
+(W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split>
+operator. Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern
+repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect.
=item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
+=item Use of %s in printf format not supported
+
+(F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
+only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
+
+=item Use of %s is deprecated
+
+(D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,
+generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the
+old way has bad side effects.
+
=item Use of -l on filehandle %s
(W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file
otherwise reasonable constructs to fail in baffling ways. C<use strict;>
instead.
-=item Use of %s in printf format not supported
-
-(F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
-only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
-
-=item Use of $* is deprecated
-
-(D deprecated) This variable magically turned on multi-line pattern
-matching, both for you and for any luckless subroutine that you happen
-to call. You should use the new C<//m> and C<//s> modifiers now to do
-that without the dangerous action-at-a-distance effects of C<$*>.
-
-=item Use of $# is deprecated
-
-(D deprecated) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly
-defined B<awk> feature. Use an explicit printf() or sprintf() instead.
-
-=item Use of %s is deprecated
-
-(D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,
-generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the
-old way has bad side effects.
-
=item Use of reference "%s" as array index
(W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably
defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.
To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables.
-To help you figure out what was undefined, perl tells you what operation
-you used the undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your
-program and the operation displayed in the warning may not necessarily
-appear literally in your program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is
-usually optimized into C<"that " . $foo>, and the warning will refer to
-the C<concatenation (.)> operator, even though there is no C<.> in your
-program.
+To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell you the
+name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some cases it cannot
+do this, so it also tells you what operation you used the undefined value
+in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your program and the operation
+displayed in the warning may not necessarily appear literally in your
+program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is usually optimized into C<"that "
+. $foo>, and the warning will refer to the C<concatenation (.)> operator,
+even though there is no C<.> in your program.
=item Using a hash as a reference is deprecated
longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to
1024 characters.
+=item Variable "%s" is not available
+
+(W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is
+attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently available.
+This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the outer lexical may be
+declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not yet been created.
+(Remember that named subs are created at compile time, while anonymous
+subs are created at run-time.) For example,
+
+ sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
+
+At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value of $a,
+since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely,
+the following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by
+now been created and is live:
+
+ sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
+
+The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has
+gone out of scope, for example,
+
+ sub f {
+ my $a;
+ sub { eval '$a' }
+ }
+ f()->();
+
+Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently being
+executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
+
=item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
(F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable that
that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the
front of your variable.
+=item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and
+known at compile time. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
+where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
+
=item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
(W misc) A "my" or "our" variable has been redeclared in the current
earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope or until
all closure referents to it are destroyed.
-=item Variable "%s" may be unavailable
-
-(W closure) An inner (nested) I<anonymous> subroutine is inside a
-I<named> subroutine, and outside that is another subroutine; and the
-anonymous (innermost) subroutine is referencing a lexical variable
-defined in the outermost subroutine. For example:
-
- sub outermost { my $a; sub middle { sub { $a } } }
-
-If the anonymous subroutine is called or referenced (directly or
-indirectly) from the outermost subroutine, it will share the variable as
-you would expect. But if the anonymous subroutine is called or
-referenced when the outermost subroutine is not active, it will see the
-value of the shared variable as it was before and during the *first*
-call to the outermost subroutine, which is probably not what you want.
-
-In these circumstances, it is usually best to make the middle subroutine
-anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. Perl has specific support for
-shared variables in nested anonymous subroutines; a named subroutine in
-between interferes with this feature.
-
=item Variable syntax
(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
=item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
(W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a
-lexical variable defined in an outer subroutine.
+lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
-When the inner subroutine is called, it will probably see the value of
+When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of
the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no
longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the
variable will no longer be shared.
-Furthermore, if the outer subroutine is anonymous and references a
-lexical variable outside itself, then the outer and inner subroutines
-will I<never> share the given variable.
-
This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that
-reference variables in outer subroutines are called or referenced, they
+reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they
are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
-=item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
-
-(F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and
-known at compile time. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
-where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
-
=item Version number must be a constant number
(P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into
=item Wide character in %s
(W utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting
-one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print) but can be
-turned off by C<no warnings 'utf8';>. You are supposed to explicitly
-mark the filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>.
+one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The easiest
+way to quiet this warning is simply to add the C<:utf8> layer to the
+output, e.g. C<binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'>. Another way to turn off the
+warning is to add C<no warnings 'utf8';> but that is often closer to
+cheating. In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the
+filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>.
=item Within []-length '%c' not allowed
(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
before now. Check your control flow.
+=item %s "\x%s" does not map to Unicode
+
+When reading in different encodings Perl tries to map everything
+into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not legal in
+this encoding, for example
+
+ utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
+
+if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
+
=item 'X' outside of string
(F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before
(F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
-=item Xsub "%s" called in sort
-
-(F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet
-supported.
-
-=item Xsub called in sort
-
-(F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet
-supported.
-
=item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
(F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the
assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it IS
what you want, put an & in front.)
+=item Your random numbers are not that random
+
+(F) When trying to initialise the random seed for hashes, Perl could
+not get any randomness out of your system. This usually indicates
+Something Very Wrong.
+
=back
=cut
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff