(W) A warning (optional).
(D) A deprecation (optional).
- (S) A severe warning (mandatory).
+ (S) A severe warning (default).
(F) A fatal error (trappable).
(P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
(X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
(A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
-Optional warnings are enabled by using the B<-w> switch. Warnings may
-be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}> to a reference to a routine that
-will be called on each warning instead of printing it. See L<perlvar>.
-Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
-L<perlfunc/eval>.
+The majority of messages from the first three classifications above
+(W, D & S) can be controlled using the C<warnings> pragma.
-Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are denoted with a %s,
-just as in a printf format. Note that some messages start with a %s!
-The symbols C<"%(-?@> sort before the letters, while C<[> and C<\> sort after.
+If a message can be controlled by the C<warnings> pragma, its warning
+category is included with the classification letter in the description
+below.
-=over 4
+Optional warnings are enabled by using the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-w>
+and B<-W> switches. Warnings may be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}>
+to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead
+of printing it. See L<perlvar>.
-=item "my" variable %s can't be in a package
+Default warnings are always enabled unless they are explicitly disabled
+with the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-X> switch.
-(F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make sense
-to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use local()
-if you want to localize a package variable.
+Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
+L<perlfunc/eval>. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively
+disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the C<warnings> pragma.
+See L<warnings>.
-=item "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
+The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
+lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
+denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
+ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
+letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
+letter.
-(W) A lexical variable has been redeclared in the current scope or statement,
-effectively eliminating all access to the previous instance. This is almost
-always a typographical error. Note that the earlier variable will still exist
-until the end of the scope or until all closure referents to it are
-destroyed.
+=over 4
-=item "no" not allowed in expression
+=item accept() on closed socket %s
-(F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and returns
-no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
+(W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget to
+check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/accept>.
-=item "use" not allowed in expression
+=item Allocation too large: %lx
-(F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and returns
-no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
+(X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
=item '!' allowed only after types %s
(F) The '!' is allowed in pack() and unpack() only after certain types.
See L<perlfunc/pack>.
-=item # cannot take a count
+=item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
-(F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string,
-but you have also specified an explicit size for the string.
-See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+(W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl
+keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling one or
+the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the subroutine is not
+imported.
-=item # must be followed by a, A or Z
+To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
+before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
+Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
+imported with the C<use subs> pragma).
-(F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string,
-which must be followed by one of the letters a, A or Z
-to indicate what sort of string is to be unpacked.
-See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix
+on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or by declaring the subroutine
+to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes">
+or L<attributes>).
-=item # must be followed by a*, A* or Z*
+=item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
-(F) You had an pack template indicating a counted-length string,
-Currently the only things that can have their length counted are a*, A* or Z*.
-See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+(W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
+you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
+a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
-=item # must follow a numeric type
+=item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
-(F) You had an unpack template that contained a '#',
-but this did not follow some numeric unpack specification.
-See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
+found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to redirect STDIN using
+'<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.
-=item % may only be used in unpack
+=item '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
-(F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
-checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
-way. See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
+(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
+thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and into a pipe to another
+command. You need to choose one or the other, though nothing's stopping you
+from piping into a program or Perl script which 'splits' output into two
+streams, such as
-=item /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
+ open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
+ while (<STDIN>) {
+ print;
+ print OUT;
+ }
+ close OUT;
-(W) You used a backslash-character combination which is not recognized
-by Perl. This combination appears in an interpolated variable or a
-C<'>-delimited regular expression.
+=item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
-=item %s (...) interpreted as function
+(W misc) The pattern match (//), substitution (s///), and transliteration
+(tr///) operators work on scalar values. If you apply one of them to an array
+or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to a scalar value -- the length
+of an array, or the population info of a hash -- and then work on that scalar
+value. This is probably not what you meant to do. See L<perlfunc/grep> and
+L<perlfunc/map> for alternatives.
-(W) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator followed
-by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list operators arguments
-found inside the parentheses. See L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>.
+=item Args must match #! line
-=item %s() called too early to check prototype
+(F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked
+with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems
+impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches;
+for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>.
-(W) You've called a function that has a prototype before the parser saw a
-definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check that the call
-conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an early prototype
-declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the subroutine
-definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype checking. Alternatively,
-if you are certain that you're calling the function correctly, you may put
-an ampersand before the name to avoid the warning. See L<perlsub>.
+=item Arg too short for msgsnd
-=item %s argument is not a HASH element
+(F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
+
+=item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element
-(F) The argument to exists() must be a hash element, such as
+(F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array element, such as:
$foo{$bar}
- $ref->[12]->{"susie"}
+ $ref->{"susie"}[12]
-=item %s argument is not a HASH element or slice
+=item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
-(F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash element, such as
+(F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or array element, such as:
$foo{$bar}
- $ref->[12]->{"susie"}
+ $ref->{"susie"}[12]
-or a hash slice, such as
+or a hash or array slice, such as:
- @foo{$bar, $baz, $xyzzy}
+ @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
@{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
-=item %s did not return a true value
-
-(F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
-it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
-traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would
-do. See L<perlfunc/require>.
-
-=item %s found where operator expected
-
-(S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator. If it
-sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an operator,
-it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an operator or
-delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
-
-=item %s had compilation errors
-
-(F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails.
-
-=item %s has too many errors
-
-(F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
-Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
-
-=item %s matches null string many times
-
-(W) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
-regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. See L<perlre>.
-
-=item %s never introduced
-
-(S) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of scope
-before it could possibly have been used.
-
-=item %s syntax OK
-
-(F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
-
-=item %s: Command not found
-
-(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
-of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
-Perl yourself.
-
-=item %s: Expression syntax
-
-(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
-of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
-Perl yourself.
-
-=item %s: Undefined variable
-
-(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
-of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
-Perl yourself.
-
-=item %s: not found
-
-(A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
-instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
-into Perl yourself.
-
-=item (in cleanup) %s
-
-(W) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised
-the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by
-the system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast
-number of times, the warning is issued only once for any number
-of failures that would otherwise result in the same message being
-repeated.
-
-Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag
-could also result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>.
-
-=item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
-
-(S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
-found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
-the previous line just because you saw this message.
-
-=item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script
-
-(F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,
-which provides a race condition that breaks security.
-
-=item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
-
-(F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
-know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
-
-=item C<-p> destination: %s
-
-(F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
-command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
-redirected it with select().)
-
-=item 500 Server error
-
-See Server error.
-
-=item ?+* follows nothing in regexp
-
-(F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it
-if you meant it literally. See L<perlre>.
-
-=item @ outside of string
+=item %s argument is not a subroutine name
-(F) You had a pack template that specified an absolute position outside
-the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
-
-=item <> should be quotes
-
-(F) You wrote C<require E<lt>fileE<gt>> when you should have written
-C<require 'file'>.
-
-=item accept() on closed fd
-
-(W) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
-the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/accept>.
-
-=item Allocation too large: %lx
-
-(X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
-
-=item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
-
-(W) The pattern match (//), substitution (s///), and transliteration (tr///)
-operators work on scalar values. If you apply one of them to an array
-or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to a scalar value -- the
-length of an array, or the population info of a hash -- and then work on
-that scalar value. This is probably not what you meant to do. See
-L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for alternatives.
-
-=item Arg too short for msgsnd
-
-(F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
-
-=item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
-
-(W)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
-you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
-a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
-
-=item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
-
-(W) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl keyword,
-and you have used the name without qualification for calling one or the
-other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the subroutine is
-not imported.
-
-To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
-before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
-Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
-imported with the C<use subs> pragma).
-
-To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix
-on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or by declaring the subroutine
-to be an object method (see L<attrs>).
-
-=item Args must match #! line
-
-(F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked
-with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems
-impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches;
-for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>.
+(F) The argument to exists() for C<exists &sub> must be a subroutine
+name, and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this error.
=item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
-(W) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator that
-expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
-will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
+(W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator that
+expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message will
+identify which operator was so unfortunate.
=item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
-(D) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some spots. This
-is now heavily deprecated.
+(D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
+spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
=item assertion botched: %s
=item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
-(P) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas that will
-be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be outside any
-of those arenas.
+(P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas that will
+be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be outside any of those
+arenas.
=item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
-(P) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of strings to
+(P internal) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of strings to
optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other strings. This
-indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count of a string
-that can no longer be found in the table.
+indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count of a string that can
+no longer be found in the table.
=item Attempt to free temp prematurely
-(W) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the free_tmps()
-routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the SV before
-the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the free_tmps()
-routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does try to free
-it.
+(W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the free_tmps()
+routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the SV before the
+free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the free_tmps() routine
+will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does try to free it.
=item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
-(P) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
+(P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
=item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
-(W) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to see if it
-would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0 earlier,
-and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed. This
-could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or that
-SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was mortalized
-when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been corrupted.
+(W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to see if
+it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0 earlier, and
+should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed. This could indicate
+that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or that SvREFCNT_inc() was
+called too few times, or that the SV was mortalized when it shouldn't have
+been, or that memory has been corrupted.
=item Attempt to join self
=item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
-(W) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
-function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This
-means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become
-invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use
-literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to
-avoid this warning.
+(W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a function,
+or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This means the result
+contains a pointer to a location that could become invalid anytime, even
+before the end of the current statement. Use literals or global values as
+arguments to the "p" pack() template to avoid this warning.
=item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
-(W) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr() used
-as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to
-dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>.
+(W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr() used as
+an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to dereference it
+first. See L<perlfunc/substr>.
=item Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %d
S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and
S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>.
+=item Bad evalled substitution pattern
+
+(F) You've used the /e switch to evaluate the replacement for a
+substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate,
+most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
+
=item Bad filehandle: %s
(F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the symbol
=item Bad free() ignored
-(S) An internal routine called free() on something that had never been
-malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by
-setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
+(S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never been
+malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by setting
+environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
-This message can be quite often seen with DB_File on systems with
-"hard" dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of
-C<Berkeley DB> which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving>
-system malloc().
+This message can be quite often seen with DB_File on systems with "hard"
+dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of C<Berkeley DB> which
+is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc().
=item Bad hash
pseudo-hash is not legal. Index values must be at 1 or greater.
See L<perlref>.
+=item Badly placed ()'s
+
+(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
+of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
+Perl yourself.
+
=item Bad name after %s::
(F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then didn't
$var = 'myvar';
$sym = "mypack::$var";
+=item Bad realloc() ignored
+
+(S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had never
+been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by setting
+environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
+
=item Bad symbol for array
(P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that
(P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
wasn't a symbol table entry.
-=item Badly placed ()'s
+=item Bareword found in conditional
-(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
-of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
-Perl yourself.
+(W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a conditional,
+which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part of the last argument
+of the previous construct, for example:
+
+ open FOO || die;
+
+It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted
+as a bareword:
+
+ use constant TYPO => 1;
+ if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
+
+The C<strict> pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
=item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
=item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
-(W) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but
+(W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but
the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point.
Perhaps you need to predeclare a package?
could not be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code
likely depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.
-=item bind() on closed fd
+=item \1 better written as $1
-(W) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
-the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>.
+(W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables. The use
+of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a substitution, but
+stylistically it's better to use the variable form because other Perl
+programmers will expect it, and it works better if there are more than 9
+backreferences.
-=item Bizarre copy of %s in %s
+=item Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
-(P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not copiable.
+(W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
+(4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
+L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
-=item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
+=item bind() on closed socket %s
-(W) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to iterate over
-%ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition which was too long,
-so it was truncated to the string shown.
+(W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
+the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>.
-=item Callback called exit
+=item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
-(F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via perl_call_sv()
-exited by calling exit.
+(W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
-=item Can't "goto" outside a block
+=item Bizarre copy of %s in %s
-(F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look
-like a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually
-occurs if you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which
-is a no-no. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
+(P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not copiable.
-=item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
+=item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script
-(F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
-foreach loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
+(F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,
+which provides a race condition that breaks security.
-=item Can't "last" outside a block
+=item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
-(F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
-except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a
-current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a
-"loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(). You can usually double
-the curlies to get the same effect though, because the inner curlies
-will be considered a block that loops once. See L<perlfunc/last>.
+(W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to iterate
+over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition which was too
+long, so it was truncated to the string shown.
-=item Can't "next" outside a block
+=item Callback called exit
-(F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
-there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
-count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(). You can
-usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the inner
-curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
+(F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
+exited by calling exit.
-=item Can't read CRTL environ
+=item %s() called too early to check prototype
-(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV
-from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was
-missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ
-or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not searched.
+(W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the parser
+saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check that the call
+conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an early prototype
+declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the subroutine definition
+ahead of the call to get proper prototype checking. Alternatively, if you are
+certain that you're calling the function correctly, you may put an ampersand
+before the name to avoid the warning. See L<perlsub>.
-=item Can't "redo" outside a block
+=item / cannot take a count
-(F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
-there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
-count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(). You can
-usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the inner
-curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>.
+(F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string,
+but you have also specified an explicit size for the string.
+See L<perlfunc/pack>.
=item Can't bless non-reference value
=item Can't break at that line
-(S) A warning intended to only be printed while running within the debugger, indicating
-the line number specified wasn't the location of a statement that could
-be stopped at.
+(S internal) A warning intended to only be printed while running within the
+debugger, indicating the line number specified wasn't the location of a
+statement that could be stopped at.
=item Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined
in it, let alone methods. See L<perlobj>.
+=item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
+
+(F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
+object reference or package name contains an undefined value.
+Something like this will reproduce the error:
+
+ $BADREF = undef;
+ process $BADREF 1,2,3;
+ $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
+
=item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
(F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It
process $BADREF 1,2,3;
$BADREF->process(1,2,3);
-=item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
-
-(F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
-object reference or package name contains an undefined value.
-Something like this will reproduce the error:
-
- $BADREF = undef;
- process $BADREF 1,2,3;
- $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
-
=item Can't chdir to %s
(F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory
that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
-=item Can't check filesystem of script "%s"
+=item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
(P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for nosuid.
+=item Can't coerce array into hash
+
+(F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no
+information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that
+only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.
+
=item Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
(F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
(F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
(typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
-=item Can't coerce array into hash
-
-(F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no
-information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that
-only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.
-
=item Can't create pipe mailbox
(P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted quotas
or other plumbing problems.
-=item Can't declare %s in my
+=item Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s"
-(F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as lexical variables.
-They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
+(S) Currently, only scalar variables can declared with a specific class
+qualifier in a "my" or "our" declaration. The semantics may be extended
+for other types of variables in future.
+
+=item Can't declare %s in "%s"
+
+(F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my" or
+"our" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
+
+=item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
+
+(S inplace) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as a file in
+/dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.
=item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
-(S) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated reason.
+(S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated reason.
=item Can't do inplace edit without backup
from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say C<-i.bak>, or some
such.
-=item Can't do inplace edit: %s E<gt> 14 characters
+=item Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
-(S) There isn't enough room in the filename to make a backup name for the file.
+(S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14
+characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during
+inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored.
-=item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
+=item Can't do {n,m} with n > m
-(S) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as a file in
-/dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.
+(F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want
+your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. See L<perlre>.
=item Can't do setegid!
(F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only waitpid()
without flags is emulated.
-=item Can't do {n,m} with n E<gt> m
-
-(F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want
-your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. See L<perlre>.
-
=item Can't emulate -%s on #! line
(F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this point.
=item Can't exec "%s": %s
-(W) An system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the named
+(W exec) An system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the named
program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the permissions
-were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in C<$ENV{PATH}>, the
-executable in question was compiled for another architecture, or the
-#! line in a script points to an interpreter that can't be run for
-similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support #! at all.)
+were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in C<$ENV{PATH}>, the executable
+in question was compiled for another architecture, or the #! line in a script
+points to an interpreter that can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe
+your system doesn't support #! at all.)
=item Can't exec %s
(F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute found
in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
-=item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
+=item Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
-(F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be found
-in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The script
-exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
+(F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but
+there is no builtin with the name C<word>.
+
+=item Can't find label %s
+
+(F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's possible
+for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
=item Can't find %s on PATH
(F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be found
in the PATH.
-=item Can't find label %s
+=item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
-(F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's possible
-for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
+(F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be found
+in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The script
+exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
=item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your
mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
+=item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
+
+(F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
+foreach loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
+
+=item Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
+
+(F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look
+like a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually
+occurs if you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which
+is a no-no. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
+
+=item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string
+
+(F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval "string".
+(You can use it to jump out of an eval {BLOCK}, but you probably don't want to.)
+
=item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
(F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one subroutine
you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD routine anyway. See
L<perlfunc/goto>.
-=item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string
+=item Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
-(F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval "string".
-(You can use it to jump out of an eval {BLOCK}, but you probably don't want to.)
+(W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD signal
+(sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this signal will
+interfere with proper determination of exit status of child processes, Perl
+has reset the signal to its default value. This situation typically indicates
+that the parent program under which Perl may be running (e.g. cron) is being
+very careless.
-=item Can't localize through a reference
+=item Can't "last" outside a loop block
-(F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
-handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref
-pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be
-sure that $ref will still be a reference.
+(F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
+except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a
+current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a
+"loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep().
+You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect though,
+because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once.
+See L<perlfunc/last>.
=item Can't localize lexical variable %s
=item Can't localize pseudo-hash element
-(F) You said something like C<local $ar-E<gt>{'key'}>, where $ar is
+(F) You said something like C<< local $ar->{'key'} >>, where $ar is
a reference to a pseudo-hash. That hasn't been implemented yet, but
you can get a similar effect by localizing the corresponding array
-element directly -- C<local $ar-E<gt>[$ar-E<gt>[0]{'key'}]>.
+element directly -- C<< local $ar->[$ar->[0]{'key'}] >>.
-=item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
+=item Can't localize through a reference
-(F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows autoload,
-but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes are a misprint
-in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit> the file, say, by
-doing C<make install>.
+(F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
+handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref
+pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be
+sure that $ref will still be a reference.
=item Can't locate %s
maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See L<perlfunc/require>
and L<lib>.
+=item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
+
+(F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows autoload,
+but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes are a misprint
+in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit> the file, say, by
+doing C<make install>.
+
=item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
(F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
=item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
-(W) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that doesn't seem
-to exist.
+(W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that doesn't
+seem to exist.
=item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
(P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed
a NULL.
+=item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call
+
+(F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as
+such, see L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
+
=item Can't msgrcv to read-only var
(F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
buffer.
+=item Can't "next" outside a loop block
+
+(F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
+there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
+count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map()
+or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
+though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that
+loops once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
+
=item Can't open %s: %s
-(S) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<E<lt>E<gt>>
+(S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >>
filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line
switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this
is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named
=item Can't open bidirectional pipe
-(W) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported. You can
-try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such as
-IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using "E<gt>",
-and then read it in under a different file handle.
+(W pipe) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported. You
+can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such as
+IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using ">", and
+then read it in under a different file handle.
=item Can't open error file %s as stderr
(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
-couldn't open the file specified after '2E<gt>' or '2E<gt>E<gt>' on the
+couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on the
command line for writing.
=item Can't open input file %s as stdin
(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
-couldn't open the file specified after 'E<lt>' on the command line for reading.
+couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the command line for reading.
=item Can't open output file %s as stdout
(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
-couldn't open the file specified after 'E<gt>' or 'E<gt>E<gt>' on the command
+couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on the command
line for writing.
=item Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
(F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
+=item Can't read CRTL environ
+
+(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV
+from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was
+missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ
+or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not searched.
+
=item Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s
(F) Perl optimizes the internal handling of sort subroutines and keeps
was currently active, which is not allowed. If you really want to do
this, you should write C<sort { &func } @x> instead of C<sort func @x>.
+=item Can't "redo" outside a loop block
+
+(F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
+there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
+count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map()
+or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
+though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that
+loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>.
+
+=item Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
+
+(S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup file. Perl
+was unable to remove the original file to replace it with the modified
+file. The file was left unmodified.
+
=item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
-(S) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason, probably because
-you don't have write permission to the directory.
+(S inplace) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason,
+probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
=item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried to
reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
+=item Can't resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
+
+(F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
+opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
+package. If method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
+
=item Can't reswap uid and euid
(P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator
of suidperl.
+=item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
+
+(F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such
+as temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue.
+This is not allowed.
+
=item Can't return outside a subroutine
(F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
of upgradability. Upgrading to undef indicates an error in the
code calling sv_upgrade.
-=item Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available
+=item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
-(F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the
-Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
-provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
+(F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
+be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
-=item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
+=item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
-(F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
-You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the E<lt>=E<gt> or cmp operator,
-and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
-Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
-lexical variable.
+(F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic references
+are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
-=item Bad evalled substitution pattern
+=item Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available
-(F) You've used the /e switch to evaluate the replacement for a
-substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate,
-most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
+(F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the
+Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
+provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
=item Can't use %s for loop variable
(F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a foreach.
-=item Can't use %s ref as %s ref
+=item Can't use global %s in "my"
-(F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
-reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
-test the type of the reference, if need be.
+(F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This is
+not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location (namely
+the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to have
+variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
+weren't.
-=item Can't use \1 to mean $1 in expression
+=item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
-(W) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that creates
-a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a backreference
-to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular expression pattern.
-Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a value that prints
-out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form instead.
+(F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
+You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator,
+and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
+Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
+lexical variable.
-=item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while \"strict refs\" in use
+=item Can't use %s ref as %s ref
-(F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic references
-are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
+(F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
+reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
+test the type of the reference, if need be.
=item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
(F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic references
are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
-=item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
-
-(F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
-be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
-
-=item Can't use global %s in "my"
-
-(F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This is
-not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location (namely
-the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to have
-variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
-weren't.
-
=item Can't use subscript on %s
(F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
didn't look like an array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
+=item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
+
+(W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that
+creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a
+backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular
+expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a value
+that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form instead.
+
=item Can't weaken a nonreference
(F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only
an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
-=item Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
-
-(F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but
-there is no builtin with the name C<word>.
-
-=item Can't resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
-
-(F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
-opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
-package. If method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
-
-=item Character class [:%s:] unknown
-
-(F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown.
-
=item Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes
-(W) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go
-I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct,
-for example: /[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that the last two constructs
-are not currently implemented, they are placeholders for future extensions.
+(W unsafe) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go
+I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example:
+/[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently implemented;
+they are simply placeholders for future extensions.
=item Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions
-(W) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
-with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions.
-If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
-expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
-backslash: "\[." and ".\]".
+(W regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
+beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions.
+If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression
+character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[." and
+".\]".
=item Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions
-(W) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
+(W regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions.
-If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
-expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
-backslash: "\[=" and "=\]".
+If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression
+character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[=" and
+"=\]".
+
+=item Character class [:%s:] unknown
+
+(F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown.
+See L<perlre>.
-=item chmod: mode argument is missing initial 0
+=item chmod() mode argument is missing initial 0
-(W) A novice will sometimes say
+(W chmod) A novice will sometimes say
chmod 777, $filename
not realizing that 777 will be interpreted as a decimal number, equivalent
to 01411. Octal constants are introduced with a leading 0 in Perl, as in C.
-=item Close on unopened file E<lt>%sE<gt>
+=item Close on unopened file <%s>
+
+(W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
+
+=item %s: Command not found
-(W) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
+(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
+of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
+Perl yourself.
=item Compilation failed in require
=item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
-(W) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex situations
-where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited to 32766,
-or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow
-arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without
-recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string
-under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather
-than in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular
-expression so that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlbook>
-for information on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.)
+(W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex situations
+where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited to 32766, or
+perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow arbitrarily.
+("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without recursion and are not
+subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string under examination; looping in
+Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather than in the regular expression engine;
+or rewriting the regular expression so that it is simpler or backtracks less.
+(See L<perlbook> for information on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.)
-=item connect() on closed fd
+=item connect() on closed socket %s
-(W) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
-the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/connect>.
+(W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget to
+check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/connect>.
+
+=item constant(%s): %s
+
+(F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to define an
+overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character name specified
+in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you forgot to load the corresponding
+C<overload> or C<charnames> pragma? See L<charnames> and L<overload>.
=item Constant is not %s reference
=item Constant subroutine %s redefined
-(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible for
+(S|W redefine) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible for
inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
workarounds.
=item Constant subroutine %s undefined
-(S) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible for
-inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
-workarounds.
+(W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible for
+inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and workarounds.
=item Copy method did not return a reference
(F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See L<overload/Copy Constructor>.
-=item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
+=item CORE::%s is not a keyword
-(P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
+(F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
=item corrupted regexp pointers
(P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without
a valid magic number.
+=item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
+
+(P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
+
+=item C<-p> destination: %s
+
+(F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
+command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
+redirected it with select().)
+
+=item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
+
+(F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
+know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
+
=item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
-(W) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly) 100
+(W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly) 100
times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an infinite
-recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in which
-case it indicates something else.
+recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in which case it
+indicates something else.
=item defined(@array) is deprecated
-(D) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it checks for an
+(D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it checks for an
undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the array is empty,
just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example.
=item defined(%hash) is deprecated
-(D) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it checks for an
+(D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it checks for an
undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the hash is empty,
just use C<if (%hash) { # not empty }> for example.
=item Delimiter for here document is too long
-(F) In a here document construct like C<E<lt>E<lt>FOO>, the label
+(F) In a here document construct like C<<<FOO>, the label
C<FOO> is too long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously
twisted to write code that triggers this error.
-=item Did you mean &%s instead?
+=item Did not produce a valid header
+
+See Server error.
+
+=item %s did not return a true value
+
+(F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
+it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
+traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would
+do. See L<perlfunc/require>.
+
+=item (Did you mean &%s instead?)
(W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some such.
-=item Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?
+=item (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
+
+(W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global variable.
+You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which seems superfluous.
+
+=item (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
(W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or @hash{@keys}.
On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got carried away.
(F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or
you called it with no args and both C<$@> and C<$_> were empty.
-=item Do you need to predeclare %s?
+=item Document contains no data
+
+See Server error.
+
+=item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
+
+(P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
+
+=item do_study: out of memory
+
+(P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
+
+=item (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
(S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward"
declaration.
-=item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
-
-(P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
-
-=item do_study: out of memory
-
-(P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
-
=item Duplicate free() ignored
-(S) An internal routine called free() on something that had already
+(S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had already
been freed.
=item elseif should be elsif
named "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is
unlikely to be what you want.
-=item END failed--cleanup aborted
-
-(F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing an END subroutine.
-The interpreter is immediately exited.
-
=item entering effective %s failed
(F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which is unsafe.
See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>.
-=item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
-
-(F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion,
-but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'> pragma is
-in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
-
=item %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time
(F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the C<(?{ ... })>
from an interpolated string at run time and using that in an eval().
See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
+=item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
+
+(F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion,
+but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'> pragma is
+in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
+
=item Excessively long <> operator
(F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a
=item Exiting eval via %s
-(W) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as
-a goto, or a loop control statement.
+(W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a goto,
+or a loop control statement.
+
+=item Exiting format via %s
+
+(W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a goto,
+or a loop control statement.
=item Exiting pseudo-block via %s
-(W) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a sort block or
-subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a loop control
-statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
+(W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a sort
+block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a loop
+control statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
=item Exiting subroutine via %s
-(W) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such as
-a goto, or a loop control statement.
+(W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such as a
+goto, or a loop control statement.
=item Exiting substitution via %s
-(W) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such as
-a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
+(W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such as a
+return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
=item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
-(W) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has
-the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is
-usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target
-package, e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
+(W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has the
+effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is usually not
+what you want. Consider providing a default target package, e.g. bless($ref,
+$p || 'MyPackage');
+
+=item %s: Expression syntax
+
+(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
+of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
+Perl yourself.
+
+=item %s failed--call queue aborted
+
+(F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a CHECK, INIT, or
+END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the queue of such
+routines has been prematurely ended.
+
+=item false [] range "%s" in regexp
+
+(W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a literal character,
+not another character class like C<\d> or C<[:alpha:]>. The "-" in your false
+range is interpreted as a literal "-". Consider quoting the "-", "\-". See
+L<perlre>.
=item Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
=item Filehandle %s never opened
-(W) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was never initialized.
-You need to do an open() or a socket() call, or call a constructor from
-the FileHandle package.
+(W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was never
+initialized. You need to do an open() or a socket() call, or call a
+constructor from the FileHandle package.
=item Filehandle %s opened only for input
-(W) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
-intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with
-"+E<lt>" or "+E<gt>" or "+E<gt>E<gt>" instead of with "E<lt>" or nothing. If
-you intended only to write the file, use "E<gt>" or "E<gt>E<gt>". See
-L<perlfunc/open>.
+(W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended it to be
+a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>"
+instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to write the file, use
+">" or ">>". See L<perlfunc/open>.
=item Filehandle %s opened only for output
-(W) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing. If you
-intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with
-"+E<lt>" or "+E<gt>" or "+E<gt>E<gt>" instead of with "E<lt>" or nothing. If
-you intended only to read from the file, use "E<lt>". See
-L<perlfunc/open>.
+(W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing. If you
+intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or
+"+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to read
+from the file, use "<". See L<perlfunc/open>.
=item Final $ should be \$ or $name
that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or
the name.
-=item Format %s redefined
+=item flock() on closed filehandle %s
-(W) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
+(W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed some
+time before now. Check your logic flow. flock() operates on filehandles.
+Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the same name?
- {
- no warning;
- eval "format NAME =...";
- }
+=item ?+* follows nothing in regexp
+
+(F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it
+if you meant it literally. See L<perlre>.
=item Format not terminated
(F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
to the end of your file without finding such a line.
+=item Format %s redefined
+
+(W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
+
+ {
+ no warnings;
+ eval "format NAME =...";
+ }
+
=item Found = in conditional, should be ==
-(W) You said
+(W syntax) You said
if ($foo = 123)
(or something like that).
+=item %s found where operator expected
+
+(S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator. If it
+sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an operator,
+it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an operator or
+delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
+
=item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
(S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname
on the Internet.
-=item get{sock,peer}name() on closed fd
+=item get%sname() on closed socket %s
-(W) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed socket.
+(W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed socket.
Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
=item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the
C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC.
+=item getsockopt() on closed socket %s
+
+(W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did
+you forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
+L<perlfunc/getsockopt>.
+
+=item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
+
+(F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates that all variables
+must either be lexically scoped (using "my"), declared beforehand using
+"our", or explicitly qualified to say which package the global variable
+is in (using "::").
+
+=item glob failed (%s)
+
+(W glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for C<glob>
+and C<< <*.c> >>. Usually, this means that you supplied a C<glob> pattern
+that caused the external program to fail and exit with a nonzero status. If
+the message indicates that the abnormal exit resulted in a coredump, this may
+also mean that your csh (C shell) is broken. If so, you should change all of
+the csh-related variables in config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables
+refer to it as if it were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise,
+make them all empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl
+will think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run
+C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl.
+
=item Glob not terminated
(F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out earlier in
the line, and you really meant a "less than".
-=item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
+=item Got an error from DosAllocMem
-(F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates that all variables
-must either be lexically scoped (using "my"), or explicitly qualified to
-say which package the global variable is in (using "::").
+(P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete
+version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
=item goto must have label
(F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
+=item %s had compilation errors
+
+(F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails.
+
=item Had to create %s unexpectedly
-(S) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought to have
+(S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought to have
existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be created on
an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
=item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
-(D) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some spots. This
-is now heavily deprecated.
+(D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some spots.
+This is now heavily deprecated.
+
+=item %s has too many errors
+
+(F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
+Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
+
+=item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
+
+(W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
+(4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
+L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
=item Identifier too long
names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future
versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.
-=item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
+=item Illegal binary digit %s
-(W) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's internal
-environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=> delimiter
-used to spearate keys from values. The element is ignored.
+(F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
-=item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
+=item Illegal binary digit %s ignored
-(W) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical name
-or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and
-didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the
-line was ignored.
+(W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary
+number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the offending
+digit.
=item Illegal character %s (carriage return)
-(F) A carriage return character was found in the input. This is an
-error, and not a warning, because carriage return characters can break
-multi-line strings, including here documents (e.g., C<print E<lt>E<lt>EOF;>).
-
-Under Unix, this error is usually caused by executing Perl code --
-either the main program, a module, or an eval'd string -- that was
-transferred over a network connection from a non-Unix system without
-properly converting the text file format.
-
-Under systems that use something other than '\n' to delimit lines of
-text, this error can also be caused by reading Perl code from a file
-handle that is in binary mode (as set by the C<binmode> operator).
-
-In either case, the Perl code in question will probably need to be
-converted with something like C<s/\x0D\x0A?/\n/g> before it can be
-executed.
+(F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
+would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this
+error when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason,
+your version of Perl appears to have been built without this support.
+Talk to your Perl administrator.
=item Illegal division by zero
(F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in your
logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against meaningless input.
+=item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
+
+(W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or A - F,
+a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal number
+stopped before the illegal character.
+
=item Illegal modulus zero
(F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most numbers
don't take to this kindly.
-=item Illegal binary digit %s
+=item Illegal number of bits in vec
-(F) You used a digit other than 0 and 1 in a binary number.
+(F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of
+two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
=item Illegal octal digit %s
(F) You used an 8 or 9 in a octal number.
-=item Illegal binary digit %s ignored
-
-(W) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
-Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the offending digit.
-
=item Illegal octal digit %s ignored
-(W) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in a octal number. Interpretation
-of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
-
-=item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
-
-(W) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or A - F in a
-hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal number stopped
-before the illegal character.
+(W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in a octal number.
+Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
=item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s
(X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
following switches: B<-[DIMUdmw]>.
-=item In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s
+=item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
-(F) It used to be that Perl would try to guess whether you wanted an
-array interpolated or a literal @. It did this when the string was first
-used at runtime. Now strings are parsed at compile time, and ambiguous
-instances of @ must be disambiguated, either by prepending a backslash to
-indicate a literal, or by declaring (or using) the array within the
-program before the string (lexically). (Someday it will simply assume
-that an unbackslashed @ interpolates an array.)
+(W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's
+internal environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=> delimiter
+used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored.
+
+=item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
+
+(W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical name or
+CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and didn't see the
+expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was ignored.
+
+=item (in cleanup) %s
+
+(W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised the
+indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the system at
+arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of times, the
+warning is issued only once for any number of failures that would otherwise
+result in the same message being repeated.
+
+Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag could also
+result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>.
=item Insecure dependency in %s
potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set the path to a
known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>.
+=item In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s
+
+(F) It used to be that Perl would try to guess whether you wanted an
+array interpolated or a literal @. It did this when the string was first
+used at runtime. Now strings are parsed at compile time, and ambiguous
+instances of @ must be disambiguated, either by prepending a backslash to
+indicate a literal, or by declaring (or using) the array within the
+program before the string (lexically). (Someday it will simply assume
+that an unbackslashed @ interpolates an array.)
+
=item Integer overflow in %s number
-(S) The literal hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified
-is too big for your architecture. On a 32-bit architecture the largest
-literal hex, octal or binary number representable without overflow
-is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or 0b11111111111111111111111111111111
-respectively. Note that Perl transparently promotes decimal literals
-to a floating point representation internally--subject to loss of
-precision errors in subsequent operations--so this limit usually
-doesn't apply to decimal literals.
+(W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified
+either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for your
+architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number. On a
+32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number
+representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or
+0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl
+transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation
+internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent
+operations.
+
+=item internal disaster in regexp
+
+(P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
=item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
this C<exec> as a request to terminate the Perl script
and execute the specified command.
-=item internal disaster in regexp
+=item internal urp in regexp at /%s/
-(P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
+(P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser.
-=item glob failed (%s)
+=item %s (...) interpreted as function
-(W) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for C<glob>
-and C<E<lt>*.cE<gt>>. Usually, this means that you supplied a C<glob>
-pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a nonzero
-status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit resulted in a
-coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell) is broken. If so,
-you should change all of the csh-related variables in config.sh: If you
-have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it were csh (e.g.
-C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them all empty (except that
-C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will think csh is missing.
-In either case, after editing config.sh, run C<./Configure -S> and
-rebuild Perl.
+(W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator
+followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list operators
+arguments found inside the parentheses. See L<perlop/Terms and List Operators
+(Leftward)>.
-=item internal urp in regexp at /%s/
+=item Invalid %s attribute: %s
-(P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser.
+The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized
+by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
-=item invalid [] range in regexp
+=item Invalid %s attributes: %s
-(F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
-greater than the maximum character. See L<perlre>.
+The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not recognized
+by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
=item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
-(W) Perl does not understand the given format conversion.
+(W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion.
See L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
+=item invalid [] range "%s" in regexp
+
+(F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
+greater than the maximum character. See L<perlre>.
+
+=item Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
+
+(F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
+elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute
+had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated
+too soon. See L<attributes>.
+
=item Invalid type in pack: '%s'
(F) The given character is not a valid pack type. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
-(W) The given character is not a valid pack type but used to be silently
+(W pack) The given character is not a valid pack type but used to be silently
ignored.
=item Invalid type in unpack: '%s'
(F) The given character is not a valid unpack type. See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
-(W) The given character is not a valid unpack type but used to be silently
-ignored.
+(W unpack) The given character is not a valid unpack type but used to be
+silently ignored.
=item ioctl is not implemented
=item leaving effective %s failed
-(F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
-effective uids or gids failed.
+(F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
+effective uids or gids failed.
+
+=item listen() on closed socket %s
+
+(W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget to
+check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/listen>.
+
+=item Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet
+
+(F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array and hash
+values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context.
+See L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
+
+=item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
+
+(F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form
+
+ prefix1;prefix2
+
+or
+
+ prefix1 prefix2
+
+with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix
+of a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error
+may appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
+"PERLLIB_PREFIX" in F<README.os2>.
+
+=item %s matches null string many times
+
+(W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
+regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. See L<perlre>.
-=item listen() on closed fd
+=item % may only be used in unpack
-(W) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
-the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/listen>.
+(F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
+checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
+way. See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
=item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
(F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
+=item Method %s not permitted
+
+See Server error.
+
=item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
(S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused
=item Misplaced _ in number
-(W) An underline in a decimal constant wasn't on a 3-digit boundary.
+(W syntax) An underline in a decimal constant wasn't on a 3-digit boundary.
-=item Missing $ on loop variable
+=item Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}
-(F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables are always
-mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it can vary from
-one line to the next.
+(F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within
+double-quotish context.
=item Missing comma after first argument to %s function
=item Missing command in piped open
-(W) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or C<open(FH, "command |")>
+(W pipe) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or C<open(FH, "command |")>
construction, but the command was missing or blank.
-=item Missing operator before %s?
+=item Missing name in "my sub"
+
+(F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that they
+have a name with which they can be found.
+
+=item Missing $ on loop variable
+
+(F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables are always
+mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it can vary from
+one line to the next.
+
+=item (Missing operator before %s?)
(S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
closing ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place
you were last editing.
+=item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
+
+(S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
+found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
+the previous line just because you saw this message.
+
=item Modification of a read-only value attempted
(F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
(F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use".
+=item Module name required with -M option
+
+(F) The C<-M> option says that Perl should load some module, but you
+omitted the name of the module. Consult L<perlrun> for full details
+about C<-M>.
+
=item msg%s not implemented
(F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
=item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
-(W) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>. They're written
-like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
+(W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>.
+They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
+
+=item / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*
+
+(F) You had a pack template indicating a counted-length string,
+Currently the only things that can have their length counted are a*, A* or Z*.
+See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
+=item / must be followed by a, A or Z
+
+(F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string,
+which must be followed by one of the letters a, A or Z
+to indicate what sort of string is to be unpacked.
+See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
+=item / must follow a numeric type
+
+(F) You had an unpack template that contained a '#',
+but this did not follow some numeric unpack specification.
+See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
+=item "my sub" not yet implemented
+
+(F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try that
+yet.
+
+=item "my" variable %s can't be in a package
+
+(F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make sense
+to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use local()
+if you want to localize a package variable.
=item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
-(W) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
+(W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention
-it again somehow to suppress the message. The C<use vars> pragma is
-provided for just this purpose.
+it again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> declaration is
+provided for this purpose.
=item Negative length
Note, however, that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and C<??> appear
to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>.
-=item No #! line
+=item %s never introduced
-(F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
-even on machines that don't support the #! construct.
+(S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of scope
+before it could possibly have been used.
=item No %s allowed while running setuid
didn't define a DB::sub routine to be called at the beginning of each
ordinary subroutine call.
-=item No error file after 2E<gt> or 2E<gt>E<gt> on command line
+=item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
-and found a '2E<gt>' or a '2E<gt>E<gt>' on the command line, but can't find
+and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't find
the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
-=item No input file after E<lt> on command line
+=item No input file after < on command line
(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
-and found a 'E<lt>' on the command line, but can't find the name of the file
+and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the name of the file
from which to read data for stdin.
-=item No output file after E<gt> on command line
+=item No #! line
+
+(F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
+even on machines that don't support the #! construct.
+
+=item "no" not allowed in expression
+
+(F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and returns
+no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
+
+=item No output file after > on command line
(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
-and found a lone 'E<gt>' at the end of the command line, so it doesn't know
+and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it doesn't know
where you wanted to redirect stdout.
-=item No output file after E<gt> or E<gt>E<gt> on command line
+=item No output file after > or >> on command line
(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
-and found a 'E<gt>' or a 'E<gt>E<gt>' on the command line, but can't find the
+and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't find the
name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.
+=item No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
+
+(F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our" declarations,
+because that doesn't make much sense under existing semantics. Such
+syntax is reserved for future extensions.
+
=item No Perl script found in input
(F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning
(F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
your system.
-=item No space allowed after B<-I>
+=item No space allowed after -%c
+
+(F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow immediately
+after the switch, without intervening spaces.
+
+=item No %s specified for -%c
+
+(F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but
+you haven't specified one.
-(F) The argument to B<-I> must follow the B<-I> immediately with no
-intervening space.
+=item No such pipe open
+
+(P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to
+close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught earlier as
+an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
-=item No such array field
+=item No such pseudo-hash field "%s"
(F) You tried to access an array as a hash, but the field name used is
not defined. The hash at index 0 should map all valid field names to
array indices for that to work.
-=item No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
+=item No such pseudo-hash field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
(F) You tried to access a field of a typed variable where the type
does not know about the field name. The field names are looked up in
the %FIELDS hash in the type package at compile time. The %FIELDS hash
is usually set up with the 'fields' pragma.
-=item No such pipe open
-
-(P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to
-close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught earlier as
-an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
-
=item No such signal: SIG%s
-(W) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was not recognized.
-Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names on your system.
-
-=item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
-
-(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
-timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent
-to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL>
-to translate to the number of seconds which need to be added to UTC to
-get local time.
+(W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was not
+recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names on
+your system.
=item Not a CODE reference
found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
+=item Not an ARRAY reference
+
+(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
+found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
+function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
+
=item Not a perl script
(F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
(F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
-=item Not an ARRAY reference
-
-(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
-found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
-function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
-
=item Not enough arguments for %s
(F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
=item Not enough format arguments
-(W) A format specified more picture fields than the next line supplied.
+(W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line supplied.
See L<perlform>.
+=item %s: not found
+
+(A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
+instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
+into Perl yourself.
+
+=item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
+
+(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
+timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent
+to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL>
+to translate to the number of seconds which need to be added to UTC to
+get local time.
+
=item Null filename used
(F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many machines
that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
+=item NULL OP IN RUN
+
+(P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode pointer.
+
=item Null picture in formline
(F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>.
-=item NULL OP IN RUN
-
-(P) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode pointer.
-
=item Null realloc
(P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In the meantime,
try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of "1_000_000").
+=item Octal number in vector unsupported
+
+(F) Numbers with a leading C<0> are not currently allowed in vectors. The
+octal number interpretation of such numbers may be supported in a future
+version.
+
+=item Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
+
+(W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
+(4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See L<perlport> for
+more on portability concerns.
+
+See also L<perlport> for writing portable code.
+
=item Odd number of elements in hash assignment
-(S) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash, which
+(W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash, which
is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
=item Offset outside string
=item oops: oopsAV
-(S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
+(S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
=item oops: oopsHV
-(S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
+(S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
=item Operation `%s': no method found, %s
=item Operator or semicolon missing before %s
-(S) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser was
+(S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser was
expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant
to use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect.
For example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as
if you said "*foo * 'foo'".
-=item Out of memory for yacc stack
+=item "our" variable %s redeclared
-(F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue parsing,
-but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or otherwise.
+(W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before in the
+current lexical scope.
+
+=item Out of memory!
+
+(X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
+remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl
+has no option but to exit immediately.
+
+=item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
+
+(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
+remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
+the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so
+a possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
=item Out of memory during request for %s
an emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the
error is trappable I<once>.
-=item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
-
-(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
-remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
-the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so
-a possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
-
=item Out of memory during ridiculously large request
(F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error
is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g., C<$arr[time]>
instead of C<$arr[$time]>.
+=item Out of memory for yacc stack
+
+(F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue parsing,
+but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or otherwise.
+
+=item @ outside of string
+
+(F) You had a pack template that specified an absolute position outside
+the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
+=item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
+
+(W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a package-specific
+handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself some day, even though
+it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a mixed-case attribute name, instead.
+See L<attributes>.
+
=item page overflow
-(W) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a page.
+(W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a page.
See L<perlform>.
+=item panic: %s
+
+(P) An internal error.
+
=item panic: ck_grep
(P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
(P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
invalid enum on the top of it.
-=item panic: malloc
-
-(P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
-
=item panic: magic_killbackrefs
(P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak
references to an object.
+=item panic: malloc
+
+(P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
+
=item panic: mapstart
(P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the map() function.
=item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
-(W) You said something like
+(W parenthesis) You said something like
my $foo, $bar = @_;
my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
-Remember that "my" and "local" bind closer than comma.
+Remember that "my", "our", and "local" bind tighter than comma.
-=item Perl %3.3f required--this is only version %s, stopped
+=item Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped
(F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more recent
than the currently running version. How long has it been since you upgraded,
anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>.
+=item PERL_SH_DIR too long
+
+(F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
+C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in F<README.os2>.
+
+=item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
+
+(S) The whole warning message will look something like:
+
+ perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
+ perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
+ LC_ALL = "En_US",
+ LANG = (unset)
+ are supported and installed on your system.
+ perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
+
+Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
+settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value.
+This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your system
+administrator have set up the so-called variable system but Perl could
+not use those settings. This was not dead serious, fortunately: there
+is a "default locale" called "C" that Perl can and will use, the
+script will be run. Before you really fix the problem, however, you
+will get the same error message each time you run Perl. How to really
+fix the problem can be found in L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
+
=item Permission denied
(F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.
=item pid %x not a child
-(W) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a process which
-isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is fine from VMS'
+(W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a process
+which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is fine from VMS'
perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
=item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
-(F) Your C compiler uses POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
+(F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
the BSD version, which takes a pid.
=item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
-(W) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
-strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated
-as literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the
-parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
+(W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
+strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as
+literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the parentheses
+shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
You probably wrote something like this:
=item Possible attempt to separate words with commas
-(W) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore commas
+(W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore commas
aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used different
delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently
used.)
end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
+=item Possible Y2K bug: %s
+
+(W y2k) You are concatenating the number 19 with another number, which
+could be a potential Year 2000 problem.
+
+=item pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead
+
+(W deprecated) You have written something like this:
+
+ sub doit
+ {
+ use attrs qw(locked);
+ }
+
+You should use the new declaration syntax instead.
+
+ sub doit : locked
+ {
+ ...
+
+The C<use attrs> pragma is now obsolete, and is only provided for
+backward-compatibility. See L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes">.
+
=item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
-(S) The old irregular construct
+(S precedence) The old irregular construct
open FOO || die;
put parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
instead of "||".
-=item print on closed filehandle %s
+=item Premature end of script headers
-(W) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime before now.
-Check your logic flow.
+See Server error.
-=item printf on closed filehandle %s
+=item printf() on closed filehandle %s
-(W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before now.
-Check your logic flow.
+(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before
+now. Check your logic flow.
-=item Probable precedence problem on %s
+=item print() on closed filehandle %s
-(W) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a conditional,
-which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part of the
-last argument of the previous construct, for example:
+(W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime before
+now. Check your logic flow.
- open FOO || die;
+=item Process terminated by SIG%s
+
+(W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix
+applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2
+port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
+L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT"
+in F<README.os2>.
=item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
-(S) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been declared
+(S unsafe) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been declared
or defined with a different function prototype.
=item Range iterator outside integer range
One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string
increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.
-=item Read on closed filehandle %s
+=item readline() on closed filehandle %s
-(W) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime before now.
-Check your logic flow.
+(W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
+before now. Check your logic flow.
=item Reallocation too large: %lx
(F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
+=item realloc() of freed memory ignored
+
+(S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had already
+been freed.
+
=item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch
-(F) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce the
+(F debugging) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce the
desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
=item Reference found where even-sized list expected
-(W) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list with
+(W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list with
an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This
usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant
to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>.
=item Reference is already weak
-(W) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak.
+(W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak.
Doing so has no effect.
=item Reference miscount in sv_replace()
-(W) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
+(W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
reference count of other than 1.
-=item regexp *+ operand could be empty
-
-(F) The part of the regexp subject to either the * or + quantifier
-could match an empty string.
-
=item regexp memory corruption
(P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
expression compiler gave it.
+=item regexp *+ operand could be empty
+
+(F) The part of the regexp subject to either the * or + quantifier
+could match an empty string.
+
=item regexp out of space
(P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it earlier.
+=item Repeat count in pack overflows
+
+(F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows
+your signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
+=item Repeat count in unpack overflows
+
+(F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows
+your signed integers. See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
+
=item Reversed %s= operator
-(W) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must always
+(W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must always
comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.
=item Runaway format
=item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
-(W) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a single element of
-an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
-The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always behaves like a scalar, both when
-assigning to it and when evaluating its argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves
-like a list when you assign to it, and provides a list context to its
-subscript, which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
+(W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a single
+element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value
+(indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always behaves like a
+scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its argument, while
+C<@foo[&bar]> behaves like a list when you assign to it, and provides a list
+context to its subscript, which can do weird things if you're expecting only
+one subscript.
On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
=item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
-(W) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single element of
-a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
-The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves like a scalar, both when
-assigning to it and when evaluating its argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves
-like a list when you assign to it, and provides a list context to its
-subscript, which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
+(W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single
+element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated
+by $). The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves like a scalar,
+both when assigning to it and when evaluating its argument, while
+C<@foo{&bar}> behaves like a list when you assign to it, and provides a list
+context to its subscript, which can do weird things if you're expecting only
+one subscript.
On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash
element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
=item %sseek() on unopened file
-(W) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a filehandle that
-was either never opened or has since been closed.
+(W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a filehandle
+that was either never opened or has since been closed.
=item select not implemented
(F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
-=item sem%s not implemented
+=item Semicolon seems to be missing
-(F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
+(W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing
+semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
=item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
-(S) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a scalar
+(S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a scalar
that had previously been marked as free.
-=item Semicolon seems to be missing
+=item sem%s not implemented
-(W) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing semicolon,
-or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
+(F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
-=item Send on closed socket
+=item send() on closed socket %s
-(W) The filehandle you're sending to got itself closed sometime before now.
+(W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime before now.
Check your logic flow.
=item Sequence (? incomplete
(F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?.
See L<perlre>.
-=item Sequence (?#... not terminated
-
-(F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
-parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See L<perlre>.
-
=item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented
(F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved
but has not yet been written. See L<perlre>.
-=item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized
+=item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized
+
+(F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense.
+See L<perlre>.
+
+=item Sequence (?#... not terminated
+
+(F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
+parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See L<perlre>.
+
+=item 500 Server error
-(F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense.
-See L<perlre>.
+See Server error.
=item Server error
-Also known as "500 Server error".
+This is the error message generally seen in a browser window when trying
+to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The actual error
+text varies widely from server to server. The most frequently-seen
+variants are "500 Server error", "Method (something) not permitted",
+"Document contains no data", "Premature end of script headers", and
+"Did not produce a valid header".
B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>.
=item seteuid() not implemented
-(F) You tried to assign to C<$E<gt>>, and your operating system doesn't support
+(F) You tried to assign to C<< $> >>, and your operating system doesn't support
the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
think so.
+=item setpgrp can't take arguments
+
+(F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no arguments,
+unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process group ID.
+
=item setrgid() not implemented
(F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't support
=item setruid() not implemented
-(F) You tried to assign to C<$E<lt>>, and your operating system doesn't support
+(F) You tried to assign to C<$<>, and your operating system doesn't support
the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
think so.
+=item setsockopt() on closed socket %s
+
+(W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did
+you forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
+L<perlfunc/setsockopt>.
+
=item Setuid/gid script is writable by world
(F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the world,
(F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
-=item shutdown() on closed fd
+=item <> should be quotes
+
+(F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written
+C<require 'file'>.
+
+=item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
+
+(W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string,
+as in the first argument to C<join>. Perl will treat the true
+or false result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string,
+which is probably not what you had in mind.
-(W) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit superfluous.
+=item shutdown() on closed socket %s
+
+(W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit
+superfluous.
=item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
-(W) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist. Perhaps you
-put it into the wrong package?
+(W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist. Perhaps
+you put it into the wrong package?
=item sort is now a reserved word
=item Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
(F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You probably blew
-it by not using C<E<lt>=E<gt>> or C<cmp>, or by not using them correctly.
+it by not using C<< <=> >> or C<cmp>, or by not using them correctly.
See L<perlfunc/sort>.
=item Sort subroutine didn't return single value
more times than there are characters of input, which is what happened.)
See L<perlfunc/split>.
-=item Stat on unopened file E<lt>%sE<gt>
-
-(W) You tried to use the stat() function (or an equivalent file test)
-on a filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
-
=item Statement unlikely to be reached
-(W) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a die().
+(W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a die().
This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns unless
there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system() instead,
which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in a block
by itself.
+=item Stat on unopened file <%s>
+
+(W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function (or an equivalent file test)
+on a filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
+
=item Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression
-(W) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where it
-makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion.
-Try putting the quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example,
-the way to match "abc" provided that it is followed by three
-repetitions of "xyz" is C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>.
+(W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where it
+makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the quantifier
+inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match "abc" provided
+that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>,
+not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>.
=item Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
(P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation stubs.
-Stubs should never be implicitely created, but explicit calls to C<can>
+Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to C<can>
may break this.
=item Subroutine %s redefined
-(W) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
+(W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
{
- no warning;
+ no warnings;
eval "sub name { ... }";
}
=item substr outside of string
-(S),(W) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of a
-string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the
-length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is
-mandatory if substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side
-of an assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
+(W substr),(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of a
+string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the length
+of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is fatal if substr is
+used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an assignment or as a
+subroutine argument for example).
=item suidperl is no longer needed since %s
instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
into Perl yourself.
+=item %s syntax OK
+
+(F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
+
=item System V %s is not implemented on this machine
(F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
unconfigured. Consult your system support.
-=item Syswrite on closed filehandle
+=item syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
-(W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before now.
-Check your logic flow.
+(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before
+now. Check your logic flow.
=item Target of goto is too deeply nested
=item tell() on unopened file
-(W) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that was either
-never opened or has since been closed.
+(W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that was
+either never opened or has since been closed.
-=item Test on unopened file E<lt>%sE<gt>
+=item Test on unopened file <%s>
-(W) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle that isn't
-open. Check your logic. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
+(W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle that
+isn't open. Check your logic. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
=item That use of $[ is unsupported
This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base
out from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>.
-=item The %s function is unimplemented
-
-The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according
-to the probings of Configure.
-
=item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
(F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I
will deny it.
+=item The %s function is unimplemented
+
+The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according
+to the probings of Configure.
+
=item The stat preceding C<-l _> wasn't an lstat
(F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic linkhood
if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went past
the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename instead.
-=item This Perl can't reset CRTL eviron elements (%s)
+=item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
=item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
-(W) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an element
-of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl wasn't
+(W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an
+element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl wasn't
built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll need to
rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see
L<perlvms>) so that the environ array isn't the target of the change to
B<-M> or B<-m> option. This is an error because B<-M> and B<-m> options
are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead.
-=item Too many ('s
-
-=item Too many )'s
+=item Too late to run %s block
-(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
-of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
-Perl yourself.
+(W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper,
+when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are
+loading a file with C<require> or C<do> when you should be using
+C<use> instead. Or perhaps you should put the C<require> or C<do>
+inside a BEGIN block.
=item Too many args to syscall
(F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
+=item Too many )'s
+
+(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
+of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
+Perl yourself.
+
+=item Too many ('s
+
=item trailing \ in regexp
(F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash. Backslash
=item umask: argument is missing initial 0
-(W) A umask of 222 is incorrect. It should be 0222, because octal
+(W umask) A umask of 222 is incorrect. It should be 0222, because octal
literals always start with 0 in Perl, as in C.
=item umask not implemented
=item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
-(W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many execution
-contexts were entered and left.
+(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many
+execution contexts were entered and left.
=item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
-(W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many
+(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many
values were temporarily localized.
=item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
-(W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many blocks
-were entered and left.
+(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many
+blocks were entered and left.
=item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
-(W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many mortal
-scalars were allocated and freed.
+(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many
+mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
=item Undefined format "%s" called
=item Undefined value assigned to typeglob
-(W) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la C<*foo = undef>.
+(W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la C<*foo = undef>.
This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean C<undef *foo>.
+=item %s: Undefined variable
+
+(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
+of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
+Perl yourself.
+
=item unexec of %s into %s failed!
(F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF
(F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte order.
+=item Unknown open() mode '%s'
+
+(F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
+of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>,
+C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->.
+
=item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before
data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
+=item unmatched [] in regexp
+
+(F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
+include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it first.
+See L<perlre>.
+
=item unmatched () in regexp
(F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
As a general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the
place you were last editing.
-=item unmatched [] in regexp
-
-(F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
-include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it first.
-See L<perlre>.
-
=item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
-(W) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a reserved word.
-It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it somehow, or insert
-an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a subroutine.
+(W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a reserved
+word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it somehow, or
+insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a subroutine.
=item Unrecognized character %s
in your Perl script (or eval). Perhaps you tried to run a compressed
script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
+=item /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through
+
+(W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not recognized
+by Perl inside character classes. The character was understood literally.
+
+=item /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
+
+(W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not recognized
+by Perl. This combination appears in an interpolated variable or a
+C<'>-delimited regular expression. The character was understood literally.
+
=item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
-(W) You used a backslash-character combination which is not recognized
+(W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not recognized
by Perl.
=item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
=item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
-(W) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that operation
+(W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that operation
failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline, PROBABLY
because you forgot to chop() or chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>.
(F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
+=item Unsupported function %s
+
+(F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
+At least, Configure doesn't think so.
+
=item Unsupported function fork
(F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try changing
the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
-=item Unsupported function %s
-
-(F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
-At least, Configure doesn't think so.
-
=item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
(F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at
least that's what Configure thought.
-=item Unterminated E<lt>E<gt> operator
+=item Unterminated attribute list
+
+(F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the start
+of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
+block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous attribute
+too soon. See L<attributes>.
+
+=item Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
+
+(F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing an
+attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis
+character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash
+character to get your parentheses to balance. See L<attributes>.
+
+=item Unterminated <> operator
(F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and not
finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out earlier in
the line, and you really meant a "less than".
-=item Use of $# is deprecated
+=item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
-(D) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly defined B<awk> feature.
-Use an explicit printf() or sprintf() instead.
+(W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was still
+valid when C<untie> was called.
-=item Use of $* is deprecated
+=item Useless use of %s in void context
-(D) This variable magically turned on multi-line pattern matching, both for
-you and for any luckless subroutine that you happen to call. You should
-use the new C<//m> and C<//s> modifiers now to do that without the dangerous
-action-at-a-distance effects of C<$*>.
+(W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does
+nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a value
+from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very often this
+points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl to parse your
+program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd get this if you
+mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and said
-=item Use of %s in printf format not supported
+ $one, $two = 1, 2;
-(F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
-only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
+when you meant to say
+
+ ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
+
+Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
+reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
+example, if you say
+
+ $array = (1,2);
+
+when you should have said
+
+ $array = [1,2];
+
+The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
+while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
+a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
+throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
+L<perlref> for more on this.
+
+=item Useless use of "re" pragma
+
+(W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful.
+
+=item "use" not allowed in expression
+
+(F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and returns
+no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
-=item Use of bare E<lt>E<lt> to mean E<lt>E<lt>"" is deprecated
+=item Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated
-(D) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form if you
+(D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form if you
wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
=item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
-(D) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you clobber a
+(D deprecated) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you clobber a
subroutine's argument list, so it's better if you assign the results of
a split() explicitly to an array (or list).
=item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
-(D) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines are looked
-up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the subroutines to
-be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. C<Foo::bar()>), not
-as methods (e.g. C<Foo-E<gt>bar()> or C<$obj-E<gt>bar()>).
+(D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines are
+looked up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the subroutines
+to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. C<Foo::bar()>),
+not as methods (e.g. C<< Foo->bar() >> or C<< $obj->bar() >>).
-This bug will be rectified in Perl 5.005, which will use method lookup
-only for methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base
-of existing code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an
-interim step, Perl 5.004 issues an optional warning when non-methods
-use inherited C<AUTOLOAD>s.
+This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for methods'
+C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base of existing code that may
+be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl currently issues an
+optional warning when non-methods use inherited C<AUTOLOAD>s.
The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used to
should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
-=item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
-
-(D) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future versions of perl
-may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either explicitly quoting
-the word in a manner appropriate for its context of use, or using a
-different name altogether. The warning can be suppressed for subroutine
-names by either adding a C<&> prefix, or using a package qualifier,
-e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>.
-
-=item Use of %s is deprecated
-
-(D) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use, generally
-because there's a better way to do it, and also because the old way has
-bad side effects.
-
-=item Use of uninitialized value
-
-(W) An undefined value was used as if it were already defined. It was
-interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake. To suppress this
-warning assign a defined value to your variables.
-
-=item Useless use of "re" pragma
-
-(W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful.
-
-=item Useless use of %s in void context
+=item Use of %s in printf format not supported
-(W) You did something without a side effect in a context that does nothing
-with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a value
-from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very often
-this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl to parse
-your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd get this
-if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and said
+(F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
+only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
- $one, $two = 1, 2;
+=item Use of $* is deprecated
-when you meant to say
+(D deprecated) This variable magically turned on multi-line pattern matching,
+both for you and for any luckless subroutine that you happen to call. You
+should use the new C<//m> and C<//s> modifiers now to do that without the
+dangerous action-at-a-distance effects of C<$*>.
- ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
+=item Use of %s is deprecated
-Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
-reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
-example, if you say
+(D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,
+generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the old way
+has bad side effects.
- $array = (1,2);
+=item Use of $# is deprecated
-when you should have said
+(D deprecated) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly defined
+B<awk> feature. Use an explicit printf() or sprintf() instead.
- $array = [1,2];
+=item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
-The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
-while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
-a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
-throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
-L<perlref> for more on this.
+(D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future versions of
+perl may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either explicitly quoting
+the word in a manner appropriate for its context of use, or using a different
+name altogether. The warning can be suppressed for subroutine names by either
+adding a C<&> prefix, or using a package qualifier, e.g. C<&our()>, or
+C<Foo::our()>.
-=item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
+=item Use of uninitialized value%s
-(W) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was still
-valid when C<untie> was called.
+(W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already defined.
+It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake. To suppress
+this warning assign a defined value to your variables.
=item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
-(W) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob), C<each()>,
-or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs can return a
-value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression false, which is
-probably not what you intended. When using these constructs in conditional
+(W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob),
+C<each()>, or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs can
+return a value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression false, which
+is probably not what you intended. When using these constructs in conditional
expressions, test their values with the C<defined> operator.
=item Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
-(W) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an %ENV
-element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string longer
-than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to 1024
-characters.
+(W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an %ENV
+element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string longer than 1024
+characters. The return value has been truncated to 1024 characters.
=item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
by that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character
on the front of your variable.
+=item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
+
+(W misc) A "my" or "our" variable has been redeclared in the current scope or
+statement, effectively eliminating all access to the previous instance. This
+is almost always a typographical error. Note that the earlier variable will
+still exist until the end of the scope or until all closure referents to it
+are destroyed.
+
=item Variable "%s" may be unavailable
-(W) An inner (nested) I<anonymous> subroutine is inside a I<named>
+(W closure) An inner (nested) I<anonymous> subroutine is inside a I<named>
subroutine, and outside that is another subroutine; and the anonymous
(innermost) subroutine is referencing a lexical variable defined in
the outermost subroutine. For example:
support for shared variables in nested anonymous subroutines; a named
subroutine in between interferes with this feature.
+=item Variable syntax
+
+(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
+of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
+Perl yourself.
+
=item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
-(W) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a lexical
+(W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a lexical
variable defined in an outer subroutine.
When the inner subroutine is called, it will probably see the value of
they are automatically rebound to the current values of such
variables.
-=item Variable syntax
-
-(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
-of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
-Perl yourself.
-
-=item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
-
-(S) The whole warning message will look something like:
-
- perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
- perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
- LC_ALL = "En_US",
- LANG = (unset)
- are supported and installed on your system.
- perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
+=item Version number must be a constant number
-Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
-settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value.
-This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your system
-administrator have set up the so-called variable system but Perl could
-not use those settings. This was not dead serious, fortunately: there
-is a "default locale" called "C" that Perl can and will use, the
-script will be run. Before you really fix the problem, however, you
-will get the same error message each time you run Perl. How to really
-fix the problem can be found in L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
+(P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into
+its equivalent C<BEGIN> block found an internal inconsistency with
+the version number.
=item Warning: something's wrong
=item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
-(S) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that looks like a
+(S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that looks like a
binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a term or
unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand function
has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
-=item Write on closed filehandle %s
+=item write() on closed filehandle %s
-(W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before now.
-Check your logic flow.
+(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before
+now. Check your logic flow.
=item X outside of string
=item You need to quote "%s"
-(W) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name. Unfortunately, you
-already have a subroutine of that name declared, which means that Perl 5
+(W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name. Unfortunately,
+you already have a subroutine of that name declared, which means that Perl 5
will try to call the subroutine when the assignment is executed, which is
probably not what you want. (If it IS what you want, put an & in front.)
-=item [gs]etsockopt() on closed fd
-
-(W) You tried to get or set a socket option on a closed socket.
-Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
-See L<perlfunc/getsockopt>.
-
-=item \1 better written as $1
-
-(W) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables. The use
-of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a
-substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form
-because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better
-if there are more than 9 backreferences.
-
-=item '|' and 'E<lt>' may not both be specified on command line
-
-(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
-found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to redirect STDIN using
-'E<lt>'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.
-
-=item '|' and 'E<gt>' may not both be specified on command line
-
-(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
-thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and into a pipe to another
-command. You need to choose one or the other, though nothing's stopping you
-from piping into a program or Perl script which 'splits' output into two
-streams, such as
-
- open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
- while (<STDIN>) {
- print;
- print OUT;
- }
- close OUT;
-
-=item Got an error from DosAllocMem
-
-(P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete
-version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
-
-=item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
-
-(F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form
-
- prefix1;prefix2
-
-or
-
- prefix1 prefix2
-
-with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix
-of a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error
-may appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
-"PERLLIB_PREFIX" in F<README.os2>.
-
-=item PERL_SH_DIR too long
-
-(F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
-C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in F<README.os2>.
-
-=item Process terminated by SIG%s
-
-(W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix
-applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2
-port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
-L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT"
-in F<README.os2>.
-
=back
+=cut
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff