perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
=head1 DESCRIPTION
+X<Perl API> X<API> X<api>
This file contains the documentation of the perl public API generated by
embed.pl, specifically a listing of functions, macros, flags, and variables
The listing is alphabetical, case insensitive.
+
+=head1 "Gimme" Values
+
+=over 8
+
+=item GIMME
+X<GIMME>
+
+A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
+C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
+Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
+
+ U32 GIMME
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.h
+
+=item GIMME_V
+X<GIMME_V>
+
+The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
+C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
+respectively.
+
+ U32 GIMME_V
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.h
+
+=item G_ARRAY
+X<G_ARRAY>
+
+Used to indicate list context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_DISCARD
+X<G_DISCARD>
+
+Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_EVAL
+X<G_EVAL>
+
+Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_NOARGS
+X<G_NOARGS>
+
+Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_SCALAR
+X<G_SCALAR>
+
+Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_VOID
+X<G_VOID>
+
+Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Array Manipulation Functions
+
=over 8
=item AvFILL
+X<AvFILL>
Same as C<av_len()>. Deprecated, use C<av_len()> instead.
Found in file av.h
=item av_clear
+X<av_clear>
Clears an array, making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the
array itself.
Found in file av.c
=item av_delete
+X<av_delete>
Deletes the element indexed by C<key> from the array. Returns the
-deleted element. C<flags> is currently ignored.
+deleted element. If C<flags> equals C<G_DISCARD>, the element is freed
+and null is returned.
SV* av_delete(AV* ar, I32 key, I32 flags)
Found in file av.c
=item av_exists
+X<av_exists>
Returns true if the element indexed by C<key> has been initialized.
Found in file av.c
=item av_extend
+X<av_extend>
Pre-extend an array. The C<key> is the index to which the array should be
extended.
Found in file av.c
=item av_fetch
+X<av_fetch>
Returns the SV at the specified index in the array. The C<key> is the
index. If C<lval> is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Check
Found in file av.c
=item av_fill
+X<av_fill>
Ensure than an array has a given number of elements, equivalent to
Perl's C<$#array = $fill;>.
Found in file av.c
=item av_len
+X<av_len>
Returns the highest index in the array. Returns -1 if the array is
empty.
- I32 av_len(AV* ar)
+ I32 av_len(const AV* ar)
=for hackers
Found in file av.c
=item av_make
+X<av_make>
Creates a new AV and populates it with a list of SVs. The SVs are copied
into the array, so they may be freed after the call to av_make. The new AV
Found in file av.c
=item av_pop
+X<av_pop>
Pops an SV off the end of the array. Returns C<&PL_sv_undef> if the array
is empty.
Found in file av.c
=item av_push
+X<av_push>
Pushes an SV onto the end of the array. The array will grow automatically
to accommodate the addition.
Found in file av.c
=item av_shift
+X<av_shift>
Shifts an SV off the beginning of the array.
Found in file av.c
=item av_store
+X<av_store>
Stores an SV in an array. The array index is specified as C<key>. The
return value will be NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not
Found in file av.c
=item av_undef
+X<av_undef>
Undefines the array. Frees the memory used by the array itself.
Found in file av.c
=item av_unshift
+X<av_unshift>
Unshift the given number of C<undef> values onto the beginning of the
array. The array will grow automatically to accommodate the addition. You
=for hackers
Found in file av.c
-=item bytes_from_utf8
+=item get_av
+X<get_av>
-Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
-Unlike <utf8_to_bytes> but like C<bytes_to_utf8>, returns a pointer to
-the newly-created string, and updates C<len> to contain the new
-length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, C<len>
-is unchanged. Do nothing if C<is_utf8> points to 0. Sets C<is_utf8> to
-0 if C<s> is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
+Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
-NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
-removed without notice.
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- U8* bytes_from_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
+ AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file perl.c
-=item bytes_to_utf8
+=item newAV
+X<newAV>
-Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
-Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
-reflect the new length.
+Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
-NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
-removed without notice.
+ AV* newAV()
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file av.c
+
+=item sortsv
+X<sortsv>
- U8* bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
+Sort an array. Here is an example:
+
+ sortsv(AvARRAY(av), av_len(av)+1, Perl_sv_cmp_locale);
+
+Currently this always uses mergesort. See sortsv_flags for a more
+flexible routine.
+
+ void sortsv(SV** array, size_t num_elts, SVCOMPARE_t cmp)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file pp_sort.c
+
+=item sortsv_flags
+X<sortsv_flags>
+
+Sort an array, with various options.
+
+ void sortsv_flags(SV** array, size_t num_elts, SVCOMPARE_t cmp, U32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp_sort.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Callback Functions
+
+=over 8
=item call_argv
+X<call_argv>
Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See L<perlcall>.
Found in file perl.c
=item call_method
+X<call_method>
Performs a callback to the specified Perl method. The blessed object must
be on the stack. See L<perlcall>.
Found in file perl.c
=item call_pv
+X<call_pv>
Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See L<perlcall>.
Found in file perl.c
=item call_sv
+X<call_sv>
Performs a callback to the Perl sub whose name is in the SV. See
L<perlcall>.
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item CLASS
+=item ENTER
+X<ENTER>
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
-class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
+Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
- char* CLASS
+ ENTER;
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item Copy
+=item eval_pv
+X<eval_pv>
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
-source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
-the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
+Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
- void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+ SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
-=item croak
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
-This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
-Normally use this function the same way you use the C C<printf>
-function. See C<warn>.
+=item eval_sv
+X<eval_sv>
-If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
-C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
+Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
- errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
- sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
- croak(Nullch);
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- void croak(const char* pat, ...)
+ I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file perl.c
-=item CvSTASH
+=item FREETMPS
+X<FREETMPS>
-Returns the stash of the CV.
+Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
+L<perlcall>.
- HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv)
+ FREETMPS;
=for hackers
-Found in file cv.h
-
-=item cv_const_sv
+Found in file scope.h
-If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
-value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
+=item LEAVE
+X<LEAVE>
-Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
-L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
+Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
- SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv)
+ LEAVE;
=for hackers
-Found in file opmini.c
+Found in file scope.h
-=item dMARK
+=item SAVETMPS
+X<SAVETMPS>
-Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
-C<dORIGMARK>.
+Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
+L<perlcall>.
- dMARK;
+ SAVETMPS;
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item dORIGMARK
-Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
+=back
- dORIGMARK;
+=head1 Character classes
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+=over 8
-=item dSP
+=item isALNUM
+X<isALNUM>
-Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
-the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
+character (including underscore) or digit.
- dSP;
+ bool isALNUM(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dXSARGS
+=item isALPHA
+X<isALPHA>
-Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK. This
-is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>. Declares the C<items>
-variable to indicate the number of items on the stack.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
+character.
- dXSARGS;
+ bool isALPHA(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dXSI32
+=item isDIGIT
+X<isDIGIT>
-Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
-handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
+digit.
- dXSI32;
+ bool isDIGIT(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item ENTER
+=item isLOWER
+X<isLOWER>
-Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
+character.
- ENTER;
+ bool isLOWER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
-
-=item eval_pv
+Found in file handy.h
-Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
+=item isSPACE
+X<isSPACE>
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
- SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
+ bool isSPACE(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
-
-=item eval_sv
+Found in file handy.h
-Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
+=item isUPPER
+X<isUPPER>
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
+character.
- I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
+ bool isUPPER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item EXTEND
+=item toLOWER
+X<toLOWER>
-Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
-used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
-onto the stack.
+Converts the specified character to lowercase.
- void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
+ char toLOWER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item fbm_compile
+=item toUPPER
+X<toUPPER>
-Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
--- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
+Converts the specified character to uppercase.
- void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
+ char toUPPER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item fbm_instr
-Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
-C<strend>. It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
-does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
-then.
+=back
- char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
+=head1 Cloning an interpreter
-=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+=over 8
-=item FREETMPS
+=item perl_clone
+X<perl_clone>
-Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Create and return a new interpreter by cloning the current one.
- FREETMPS;
+perl_clone takes these flags as parameters:
+
+CLONEf_COPY_STACKS - is used to, well, copy the stacks also,
+without it we only clone the data and zero the stacks,
+with it we copy the stacks and the new perl interpreter is
+ready to run at the exact same point as the previous one.
+The pseudo-fork code uses COPY_STACKS while the
+threads->new doesn't.
+
+CLONEf_KEEP_PTR_TABLE
+perl_clone keeps a ptr_table with the pointer of the old
+variable as a key and the new variable as a value,
+this allows it to check if something has been cloned and not
+clone it again but rather just use the value and increase the
+refcount. If KEEP_PTR_TABLE is not set then perl_clone will kill
+the ptr_table using the function
+C<ptr_table_free(PL_ptr_table); PL_ptr_table = NULL;>,
+reason to keep it around is if you want to dup some of your own
+variable who are outside the graph perl scans, example of this
+code is in threads.xs create
+
+CLONEf_CLONE_HOST
+This is a win32 thing, it is ignored on unix, it tells perls
+win32host code (which is c++) to clone itself, this is needed on
+win32 if you want to run two threads at the same time,
+if you just want to do some stuff in a separate perl interpreter
+and then throw it away and return to the original one,
+you don't need to do anything.
+
+ PerlInterpreter* perl_clone(PerlInterpreter* interp, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item get_av
-Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+=back
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+=head1 CV Manipulation Functions
- AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
+=over 8
+
+=item CvSTASH
+X<CvSTASH>
+
+Returns the stash of the CV.
+
+ HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file cv.h
=item get_cv
+X<get_cv>
Returns the CV of the specified Perl subroutine. If C<create> is set and
the Perl subroutine does not exist then it will be declared (which has the
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item get_hv
-Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+=back
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+=head1 Embedding Functions
- HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
+=over 8
+
+=item cv_undef
+X<cv_undef>
+
+Clear out all the active components of a CV. This can happen either
+by an explicit C<undef &foo>, or by the reference count going to zero.
+In the former case, we keep the CvOUTSIDE pointer, so that any anonymous
+children can still follow the full lexical scope chain.
+
+ void cv_undef(CV* cv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+=item load_module
+X<load_module>
+
+Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
+Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
+Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
+PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
+(or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
+similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
+arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
+method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
+
+ void load_module(U32 flags, SV* name, SV* ver, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+=item nothreadhook
+X<nothreadhook>
+
+Stub that provides thread hook for perl_destruct when there are
+no threads.
+
+ int nothreadhook()
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item get_sv
+=item perl_alloc
+X<perl_alloc>
-Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+ PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
- SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_construct
+X<perl_construct>
+
+Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item GIMME
+=item perl_destruct
+X<perl_destruct>
-A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
-C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
-Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
+Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
- U32 GIMME
+ int perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.h
+Found in file perl.c
-=item GIMME_V
+=item perl_free
+X<perl_free>
-The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
-C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
-respectively.
+Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
- U32 GIMME_V
+ void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.h
+Found in file perl.c
-=item GvSV
+=item perl_parse
+X<perl_parse>
-Return the SV from the GV.
+Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
- SV* GvSV(GV* gv)
+ int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
=for hackers
-Found in file gv.h
+Found in file perl.c
-=item gv_fetchmeth
+=item perl_run
+X<perl_run>
-Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
-C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
-accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
+Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
-The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
-side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
-which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
-up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
+ int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
-This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
-GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
-visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
-the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
-obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
- GV* gv_fetchmeth(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
+=item require_pv
+X<require_pv>
+
+Tells Perl to C<require> the file named by the string argument. It is
+analogous to the Perl code C<eval "require '$file'">. It's even
+implemented that way; consider using load_module instead.
+
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+
+ void require_pv(const char* pv)
=for hackers
-Found in file gv.c
+Found in file perl.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Functions in file mathoms.c
+
+
+=over 8
=item gv_fetchmethod
+X<gv_fetchmethod>
See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
GV* gv_fetchmethod(HV* stash, const char* name)
=for hackers
-Found in file gv.c
+Found in file mathoms.c
-=item gv_fetchmethod_autoload
+=item pack_cat
+X<pack_cat>
-Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
-on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
-glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
-already setup.
+The engine implementing pack() Perl function. Note: parameters next_in_list and
+flags are not used. This call should not be used; use packlist instead.
-The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
-AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
-means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
-Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
-with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
+ void pack_cat(SV *cat, const char *pat, const char *patend, SV **beglist, SV **endlist, SV ***next_in_list, U32 flags)
-These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
-that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
-check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
-different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
-created via a side effect to do this.
+=for hackers
+Found in file mathoms.c
-These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
-C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
-''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
-C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
+=item sv_2pvbyte_nolen
+X<sv_2pvbyte_nolen>
- GV* gv_fetchmethod_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, I32 autoload)
+Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV.
+May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF-8 as a side-effect.
+
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte_nolen> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvbyte_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file gv.c
+Found in file mathoms.c
-=item gv_stashpv
+=item sv_2pvutf8_nolen
+X<sv_2pvutf8_nolen>
-Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
-be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
-created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
-package does not exist then NULL is returned.
+Return a pointer to the UTF-8-encoded representation of the SV.
+May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF-8 as a side-effect.
- HV* gv_stashpv(const char* name, I32 create)
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro.
-=for hackers
-Found in file gv.c
+ char* sv_2pvutf8_nolen(SV* sv)
-=item gv_stashsv
+=for hackers
+Found in file mathoms.c
-Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
-valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
+=item sv_2pv_nolen
+X<sv_2pv_nolen>
- HV* gv_stashsv(SV* sv, I32 create)
+Like C<sv_2pv()>, but doesn't return the length too. You should usually
+use the macro wrapper C<SvPV_nolen(sv)> instead.
+ char* sv_2pv_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file gv.c
+Found in file mathoms.c
-=item G_ARRAY
+=item sv_catpvn_mg
+X<sv_catpvn_mg>
-Used to indicate list context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Like C<sv_catpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+
+ void sv_catpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file mathoms.c
-=item G_DISCARD
+=item sv_catsv_mg
+X<sv_catsv_mg>
-Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
-L<perlcall>.
+Like C<sv_catsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+
+ void sv_catsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file mathoms.c
-=item G_EVAL
+=item sv_force_normal
+X<sv_force_normal>
-Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
-L<perlcall>.
+Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
+a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
+an xpvmg. See also C<sv_force_normal_flags>.
+
+ void sv_force_normal(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file mathoms.c
-=item G_NOARGS
+=item sv_iv
+X<sv_iv>
-Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
-L<perlcall>.
+A private implementation of the C<SvIVx> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
+
+ IV sv_iv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file mathoms.c
-=item G_SCALAR
+=item sv_nolocking
+X<sv_nolocking>
-Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
-L<perlcall>.
+Dummy routine which "locks" an SV when there is no locking module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could
+potentially warn under some level of strict-ness.
+
+"Superseded" by sv_nosharing().
+
+ void sv_nolocking(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file mathoms.c
-=item G_VOID
+=item sv_nounlocking
+X<sv_nounlocking>
-Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
+Dummy routine which "unlocks" an SV when there is no locking module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could
+potentially warn under some level of strict-ness.
+
+"Superseded" by sv_nosharing().
+
+ void sv_nounlocking(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file mathoms.c
-=item HEf_SVKEY
+=item sv_nv
+X<sv_nv>
-This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
-specifies the structure contains a C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
-is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
+A private implementation of the C<SvNVx> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
+
+ NV sv_nv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file mathoms.c
-=item HeHASH
+=item sv_pv
+X<sv_pv>
-Returns the computed hash stored in the hash entry.
+Use the C<SvPV_nolen> macro instead
- U32 HeHASH(HE* he)
+ char* sv_pv(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file mathoms.c
-=item HeKEY
+=item sv_pvbyte
+X<sv_pvbyte>
-Returns the actual pointer stored in the key slot of the hash entry. The
-pointer may be either C<char*> or C<SV*>, depending on the value of
-C<HeKLEN()>. Can be assigned to. The C<HePV()> or C<HeSVKEY()> macros are
-usually preferable for finding the value of a key.
+Use C<SvPVbyte_nolen> instead.
- void* HeKEY(HE* he)
+ char* sv_pvbyte(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file mathoms.c
-=item HeKLEN
+=item sv_pvbyten
+X<sv_pvbyten>
-If this is negative, and amounts to C<HEf_SVKEY>, it indicates the entry
-holds an C<SV*> key. Otherwise, holds the actual length of the key. Can
-be assigned to. The C<HePV()> macro is usually preferable for finding key
-lengths.
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVbyte> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
- STRLEN HeKLEN(HE* he)
+ char* sv_pvbyten(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file mathoms.c
-=item HePV
+=item sv_pvn
+X<sv_pvn>
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvPV> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
+
+ char* sv_pvn(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mathoms.c
+
+=item sv_pvutf8
+X<sv_pvutf8>
+
+Use the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro instead
+
+ char* sv_pvutf8(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mathoms.c
+
+=item sv_pvutf8n
+X<sv_pvutf8n>
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVutf8> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
+
+ char* sv_pvutf8n(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mathoms.c
+
+=item sv_taint
+X<sv_taint>
+
+Taint an SV. Use C<SvTAINTED_on> instead.
+ void sv_taint(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mathoms.c
+
+=item sv_unref
+X<sv_unref>
+
+Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of
+whatever was being referenced by the RV. This can almost be thought of
+as a reversal of C<newSVrv>. This is C<sv_unref_flags> with the C<flag>
+being zero. See C<SvROK_off>.
+
+ void sv_unref(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mathoms.c
+
+=item sv_usepvn
+X<sv_usepvn>
+
+Tells an SV to use C<ptr> to find its string value. Implemented by
+calling C<sv_usepvn_flags> with C<flags> of 0, hence does not handle 'set'
+magic. See C<sv_usepvn_flags>.
+
+ void sv_usepvn(SV* sv, char* ptr, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mathoms.c
+
+=item sv_usepvn_mg
+X<sv_usepvn_mg>
+
+Like C<sv_usepvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+
+ void sv_usepvn_mg(SV *sv, char *ptr, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mathoms.c
+
+=item sv_uv
+X<sv_uv>
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvUVx> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
+
+ UV sv_uv(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mathoms.c
+
+=item unpack_str
+X<unpack_str>
+
+The engine implementing unpack() Perl function. Note: parameters strbeg, new_s
+and ocnt are not used. This call should not be used, use unpackstring instead.
+
+ I32 unpack_str(const char *pat, const char *patend, const char *s, const char *strbeg, const char *strend, char **new_s, I32 ocnt, U32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mathoms.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Functions in file pp_pack.c
+
+
+=over 8
+
+=item packlist
+X<packlist>
+
+The engine implementing pack() Perl function.
+
+ void packlist(SV *cat, const char *pat, const char *patend, SV **beglist, SV **endlist)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp_pack.c
+
+=item unpackstring
+X<unpackstring>
+
+The engine implementing unpack() Perl function. C<unpackstring> puts the
+extracted list items on the stack and returns the number of elements.
+Issue C<PUTBACK> before and C<SPAGAIN> after the call to this function.
+
+ I32 unpackstring(const char *pat, const char *patend, const char *s, const char *strend, U32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp_pack.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Global Variables
+
+=over 8
+
+=item PL_modglobal
+X<PL_modglobal>
+
+C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
+extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
+In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
+to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
+prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
+
+ HV* PL_modglobal
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_na
+X<PL_na>
+
+A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
+doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
+to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
+C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
+
+ STRLEN PL_na
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file thrdvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_no
+X<PL_sv_no>
+
+This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
+C<&PL_sv_no>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_no
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_undef
+X<PL_sv_undef>
+
+This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_undef
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_yes
+X<PL_sv_yes>
+
+This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
+C<&PL_sv_yes>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_yes
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 GV Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item GvSV
+X<GvSV>
+
+Return the SV from the GV.
+
+ SV* GvSV(GV* gv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file gv.h
+
+=item gv_const_sv
+X<gv_const_sv>
+
+If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
+inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
+a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
+NULL.
+
+ SV* gv_const_sv(GV* gv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file gv.c
+
+=item gv_fetchmeth
+X<gv_fetchmeth>
+
+Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
+C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
+accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
+
+The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
+side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
+which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
+up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
+
+This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
+GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
+visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
+the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
+obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
+
+ GV* gv_fetchmeth(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file gv.c
+
+=item gv_fetchmethod_autoload
+X<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
+
+Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
+on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
+glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
+already setup.
+
+The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
+AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
+means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
+Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
+with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
+
+These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
+that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
+check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
+different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
+created via a side effect to do this.
+
+These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
+C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
+''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
+C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
+
+ GV* gv_fetchmethod_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, I32 autoload)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file gv.c
+
+=item gv_fetchmeth_autoload
+X<gv_fetchmeth_autoload>
+
+Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
+Returns a glob for the subroutine.
+
+For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
+if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
+of the result may be zero.
+
+ GV* gv_fetchmeth_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file gv.c
+
+=item gv_stashpv
+X<gv_stashpv>
+
+Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
+be a valid UTF-8 string and must be null-terminated. If C<create> is set
+then the package will be created if it does not already exist. If C<create>
+is not set and the package does not exist then NULL is returned.
+
+ HV* gv_stashpv(const char* name, I32 create)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file gv.c
+
+=item gv_stashpvn
+X<gv_stashpvn>
+
+Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
+be a valid UTF-8 string. The C<namelen> parameter indicates the length of
+the C<name>, in bytes. If C<create> is set then the package will be
+created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
+package does not exist then NULL is returned.
+
+ HV* gv_stashpvn(const char* name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file gv.c
+
+=item gv_stashsv
+X<gv_stashsv>
+
+Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
+valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
+
+ HV* gv_stashsv(SV* sv, I32 create)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file gv.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Handy Values
+
+=over 8
+
+=item Nullav
+X<Nullav>
+
+Null AV pointer.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file av.h
+
+=item Nullch
+X<Nullch>
+
+Null character pointer.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Nullcv
+X<Nullcv>
+
+Null CV pointer.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cv.h
+
+=item Nullhv
+X<Nullhv>
+
+Null HV pointer.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+
+=item Nullsv
+X<Nullsv>
+
+Null SV pointer.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Hash Manipulation Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item get_hv
+X<get_hv>
+
+Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+
+ HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item HEf_SVKEY
+X<HEf_SVKEY>
+
+This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
+specifies the structure contains an C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
+is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+
+=item HeHASH
+X<HeHASH>
+
+Returns the computed hash stored in the hash entry.
+
+ U32 HeHASH(HE* he)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+
+=item HeKEY
+X<HeKEY>
+
+Returns the actual pointer stored in the key slot of the hash entry. The
+pointer may be either C<char*> or C<SV*>, depending on the value of
+C<HeKLEN()>. Can be assigned to. The C<HePV()> or C<HeSVKEY()> macros are
+usually preferable for finding the value of a key.
+
+ void* HeKEY(HE* he)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+
+=item HeKLEN
+X<HeKLEN>
+
+If this is negative, and amounts to C<HEf_SVKEY>, it indicates the entry
+holds an C<SV*> key. Otherwise, holds the actual length of the key. Can
+be assigned to. The C<HePV()> macro is usually preferable for finding key
+lengths.
+
+ STRLEN HeKLEN(HE* he)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+
+=item HePV
+X<HePV>
Returns the key slot of the hash entry as a C<char*> value, doing any
necessary dereferencing of possibly C<SV*> keys. The length of the string
the length of hash keys. This is very similar to the C<SvPV()> macro
described elsewhere in this document.
- char* HePV(HE* he, STRLEN len)
+ char* HePV(HE* he, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+
+=item HeSVKEY
+X<HeSVKEY>
+
+Returns the key as an C<SV*>, or C<NULL> if the hash entry does not
+contain an C<SV*> key.
+
+ SV* HeSVKEY(HE* he)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+
+=item HeSVKEY_force
+X<HeSVKEY_force>
+
+Returns the key as an C<SV*>. Will create and return a temporary mortal
+C<SV*> if the hash entry contains only a C<char*> key.
+
+ SV* HeSVKEY_force(HE* he)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+
+=item HeSVKEY_set
+X<HeSVKEY_set>
+
+Sets the key to a given C<SV*>, taking care to set the appropriate flags to
+indicate the presence of an C<SV*> key, and returns the same
+C<SV*>.
+
+ SV* HeSVKEY_set(HE* he, SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+
+=item HeVAL
+X<HeVAL>
+
+Returns the value slot (type C<SV*>) stored in the hash entry.
+
+ SV* HeVAL(HE* he)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+
+=item HvNAME
+X<HvNAME>
+
+Returns the package name of a stash, or NULL if C<stash> isn't a stash.
+See C<SvSTASH>, C<CvSTASH>.
+
+ char* HvNAME(HV* stash)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+
+=item hv_assert
+X<hv_assert>
+
+Check that a hash is in an internally consistent state.
+
+ void hv_assert(HV* tb)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_clear
+X<hv_clear>
+
+Clears a hash, making it empty.
+
+ void hv_clear(HV* tb)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_clear_placeholders
+X<hv_clear_placeholders>
+
+Clears any placeholders from a hash. If a restricted hash has any of its keys
+marked as readonly and the key is subsequently deleted, the key is not actually
+deleted but is marked by assigning it a value of &PL_sv_placeholder. This tags
+it so it will be ignored by future operations such as iterating over the hash,
+but will still allow the hash to have a value reassigned to the key at some
+future point. This function clears any such placeholder keys from the hash.
+See Hash::Util::lock_keys() for an example of its use.
+
+ void hv_clear_placeholders(HV* hb)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_delete
+X<hv_delete>
+
+Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the
+hash and returned to the caller. The C<klen> is the length of the key.
+The C<flags> value will normally be zero; if set to G_DISCARD then NULL
+will be returned.
+
+ SV* hv_delete(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_delete_ent
+X<hv_delete_ent>
+
+Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the
+hash and returned to the caller. The C<flags> value will normally be zero;
+if set to G_DISCARD then NULL will be returned. C<hash> can be a valid
+precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be computed.
+
+ SV* hv_delete_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 flags, U32 hash)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_exists
+X<hv_exists>
+
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. The
+C<klen> is the length of the key.
+
+ bool hv_exists(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_exists_ent
+X<hv_exists_ent>
+
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. C<hash>
+can be a valid precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be
+computed.
+
+ bool hv_exists_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, U32 hash)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_fetch
+X<hv_fetch>
+
+Returns the SV which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. The
+C<klen> is the length of the key. If C<lval> is set then the fetch will be
+part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before
+dereferencing it to an C<SV*>.
+
+See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
+information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+
+ SV** hv_fetch(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, I32 lval)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_fetch_ent
+X<hv_fetch_ent>
+
+Returns the hash entry which corresponds to the specified key in the hash.
+C<hash> must be a valid precomputed hash number for the given C<key>, or 0
+if you want the function to compute it. IF C<lval> is set then the fetch
+will be part of a store. Make sure the return value is non-null before
+accessing it. The return value when C<tb> is a tied hash is a pointer to a
+static location, so be sure to make a copy of the structure if you need to
+store it somewhere.
+
+See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
+information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+
+ HE* hv_fetch_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 lval, U32 hash)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iterinit
+X<hv_iterinit>
+
+Prepares a starting point to traverse a hash table. Returns the number of
+keys in the hash (i.e. the same as C<HvKEYS(tb)>). The return value is
+currently only meaningful for hashes without tie magic.
+
+NOTE: Before version 5.004_65, C<hv_iterinit> used to return the number of
+hash buckets that happen to be in use. If you still need that esoteric
+value, you can get it through the macro C<HvFILL(tb)>.
+
+
+ I32 hv_iterinit(HV* tb)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iterkey
+X<hv_iterkey>
+
+Returns the key from the current position of the hash iterator. See
+C<hv_iterinit>.
+
+ char* hv_iterkey(HE* entry, I32* retlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iterkeysv
+X<hv_iterkeysv>
+
+Returns the key as an C<SV*> from the current position of the hash
+iterator. The return value will always be a mortal copy of the key. Also
+see C<hv_iterinit>.
+
+ SV* hv_iterkeysv(HE* entry)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iternext
+X<hv_iternext>
+
+Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit>.
+
+You may call C<hv_delete> or C<hv_delete_ent> on the hash entry that the
+iterator currently points to, without losing your place or invalidating your
+iterator. Note that in this case the current entry is deleted from the hash
+with your iterator holding the last reference to it. Your iterator is flagged
+to free the entry on the next call to C<hv_iternext>, so you must not discard
+your iterator immediately else the entry will leak - call C<hv_iternext> to
+trigger the resource deallocation.
+
+ HE* hv_iternext(HV* tb)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iternextsv
+X<hv_iternextsv>
+
+Performs an C<hv_iternext>, C<hv_iterkey>, and C<hv_iterval> in one
+operation.
+
+ SV* hv_iternextsv(HV* hv, char** key, I32* retlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iternext_flags
+X<hv_iternext_flags>
+
+Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit> and C<hv_iternext>.
+The C<flags> value will normally be zero; if HV_ITERNEXT_WANTPLACEHOLDERS is
+set the placeholders keys (for restricted hashes) will be returned in addition
+to normal keys. By default placeholders are automatically skipped over.
+Currently a placeholder is implemented with a value that is
+C<&Perl_sv_placeholder>. Note that the implementation of placeholders and
+restricted hashes may change, and the implementation currently is
+insufficiently abstracted for any change to be tidy.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ HE* hv_iternext_flags(HV* tb, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iterval
+X<hv_iterval>
+
+Returns the value from the current position of the hash iterator. See
+C<hv_iterkey>.
+
+ SV* hv_iterval(HV* tb, HE* entry)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_magic
+X<hv_magic>
+
+Adds magic to a hash. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ void hv_magic(HV* hv, GV* gv, int how)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_scalar
+X<hv_scalar>
+
+Evaluates the hash in scalar context and returns the result. Handles magic when the hash is tied.
+
+ SV* hv_scalar(HV* hv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_store
+X<hv_store>
+
+Stores an SV in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key> and C<klen> is
+the length of the key. The C<hash> parameter is the precomputed hash
+value; if it is zero then Perl will compute it. The return value will be
+NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
+stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise it can
+be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note that the caller is
+responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of C<val> before
+the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL. Effectively
+a successful hv_store takes ownership of one reference to C<val>. This is
+usually what you want; a newly created SV has a reference count of one, so
+if all your code does is create SVs then store them in a hash, hv_store
+will own the only reference to the new SV, and your code doesn't need to do
+anything further to tidy up. hv_store is not implemented as a call to
+hv_store_ent, and does not create a temporary SV for the key, so if your
+key data is not already in SV form then use hv_store in preference to
+hv_store_ent.
+
+See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
+information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+
+ SV** hv_store(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, SV* val, U32 hash)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_store_ent
+X<hv_store_ent>
+
+Stores C<val> in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key>. The C<hash>
+parameter is the precomputed hash value; if it is zero then Perl will
+compute it. The return value is the new hash entry so created. It will be
+NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
+stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise the
+contents of the return value can be accessed using the C<He?> macros
+described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably
+incrementing the reference count of C<val> before the call, and
+decrementing it if the function returned NULL. Effectively a successful
+hv_store_ent takes ownership of one reference to C<val>. This is
+usually what you want; a newly created SV has a reference count of one, so
+if all your code does is create SVs then store them in a hash, hv_store
+will own the only reference to the new SV, and your code doesn't need to do
+anything further to tidy up. Note that hv_store_ent only reads the C<key>;
+unlike C<val> it does not take ownership of it, so maintaining the correct
+reference count on C<key> is entirely the caller's responsibility. hv_store
+is not implemented as a call to hv_store_ent, and does not create a temporary
+SV for the key, so if your key data is not already in SV form then use
+hv_store in preference to hv_store_ent.
+
+See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
+information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+
+ HE* hv_store_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, SV* val, U32 hash)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_undef
+X<hv_undef>
+
+Undefines the hash.
+
+ void hv_undef(HV* tb)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item newHV
+X<newHV>
+
+Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
+
+ HV* newHV()
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Magical Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item mg_clear
+X<mg_clear>
+
+Clear something magical that the SV represents. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ int mg_clear(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_copy
+X<mg_copy>
+
+Copies the magic from one SV to another. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_find
+X<mg_find>
+
+Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ MAGIC* mg_find(const SV* sv, int type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_free
+X<mg_free>
+
+Free any magic storage used by the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ int mg_free(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_get
+X<mg_get>
+
+Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ int mg_get(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_length
+X<mg_length>
+
+Report on the SV's length. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ U32 mg_length(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_magical
+X<mg_magical>
+
+Turns on the magical status of an SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ void mg_magical(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_set
+X<mg_set>
+
+Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ int mg_set(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item SvGETMAGIC
+X<SvGETMAGIC>
+
+Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
+argument more than once.
+
+ void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvLOCK
+X<SvLOCK>
+
+Arranges for a mutual exclusion lock to be obtained on sv if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
+
+ void SvLOCK(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSETMAGIC
+X<SvSETMAGIC>
+
+Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
+argument more than once.
+
+ void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSetMagicSV
+X<SvSetMagicSV>
+
+Like C<SvSetSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
+
+ void SvSetMagicSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSetMagicSV_nosteal
+X<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>
+
+Like C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
+
+ void SvSetMagicSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSetSV
+X<SvSetSV>
+
+Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
+more than once.
+
+ void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSetSV_nosteal
+X<SvSetSV_nosteal>
+
+Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
+ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
+
+ void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSHARE
+X<SvSHARE>
+
+Arranges for sv to be shared between threads if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
+
+ void SvSHARE(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvUNLOCK
+X<SvUNLOCK>
+
+Releases a mutual exclusion lock on sv if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
+
+ void SvUNLOCK(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Memory Management
+
+=over 8
+
+=item Copy
+X<Copy>
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
+source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
+the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
+
+ void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item CopyD
+X<CopyD>
+
+Like C<Copy> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
+optimise.
+
+ void * CopyD(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Move
+X<Move>
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
+source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
+the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
+
+ void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item MoveD
+X<MoveD>
+
+Like C<Move> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
+optimise.
+
+ void * MoveD(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Newx
+X<Newx>
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
+
+In 5.9.3, Newx() and friends replace the older New() API, and drops
+the first parameter, I<x>, a debug aid which allowed callers to identify
+themselves. This aid has been superseded by a new build option,
+PERL_MEM_LOG (see L<perlhack/PERL_MEM_LOG>). The older API is still
+there for use in XS modules supporting older perls.
+
+ void Newx(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Newxc
+X<Newxc>
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
+cast. See also C<Newx>.
+
+ void Newxc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Newxz
+X<Newxz>
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
+memory is zeroed with C<memzero>. See also C<Newx>.
+
+ void Newxz(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Poison
+X<Poison>
+
+PoisonWith(0xEF) for catching access to freed memory.
+
+ void Poison(void* dest, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item PoisonNew
+X<PoisonNew>
+
+PoisonWith(0xAB) for catching access to allocated but uninitialized memory.
+
+ void PoisonNew(void* dest, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item PoisonWith
+X<PoisonWith>
+
+Fill up memory with a byte pattern (a byte repeated over and over
+again) that hopefully catches attempts to access uninitialized memory.
+
+ void PoisonWith(void* dest, int nitems, type, U8 byte)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Renew
+X<Renew>
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
+
+ void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Renewc
+X<Renewc>
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
+cast.
+
+ void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Safefree
+X<Safefree>
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
+
+ void Safefree(void* ptr)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item savepv
+X<savepv>
+
+Perl's version of C<strdup()>. Returns a pointer to a newly allocated
+string which is a duplicate of C<pv>. The size of the string is
+determined by C<strlen()>. The memory allocated for the new string can
+be freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
+
+ char* savepv(const char* pv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item savepvn
+X<savepvn>
+
+Perl's version of what C<strndup()> would be if it existed. Returns a
+pointer to a newly allocated string which is a duplicate of the first
+C<len> bytes from C<pv>, plus a trailing NUL byte. The memory allocated for
+the new string can be freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
+
+ char* savepvn(const char* pv, I32 len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item savesharedpv
+X<savesharedpv>
+
+A version of C<savepv()> which allocates the duplicate string in memory
+which is shared between threads.
+
+ char* savesharedpv(const char* pv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item savesvpv
+X<savesvpv>
+
+A version of C<savepv()>/C<savepvn()> which gets the string to duplicate from
+the passed in SV using C<SvPV()>
+
+ char* savesvpv(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item StructCopy
+X<StructCopy>
+
+This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
+
+ void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Zero
+X<Zero>
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
+destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
+
+ void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item ZeroD
+X<ZeroD>
+
+Like C<Zero> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
+optimise.
+
+ void * ZeroD(void* dest, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Miscellaneous Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item fbm_compile
+X<fbm_compile>
+
+Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
+-- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
+
+ void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item fbm_instr
+X<fbm_instr>
+
+Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
+C<strend>. It returns C<NULL> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
+does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
+then.
+
+ char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item form
+X<form>
+
+Takes a sprintf-style format pattern and conventional
+(non-SV) arguments and returns the formatted string.
+
+ (char *) Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
+
+can be used any place a string (char *) is required:
+
+ char * s = Perl_form("%d.%d",major,minor);
+
+Uses a single private buffer so if you want to format several strings you
+must explicitly copy the earlier strings away (and free the copies when you
+are done).
+
+ char* form(const char* pat, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item getcwd_sv
+X<getcwd_sv>
+
+Fill the sv with current working directory
+
+ int getcwd_sv(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item my_sprintf
+X<my_sprintf>
+
+The C library C<sprintf>, wrapped if necessary, to ensure that it will return
+the length of the string written to the buffer. Only rare pre-ANSI systems
+need the wrapper function - usually this is a direct call to C<sprintf>.
+
+ int my_sprintf(char *buffer, const char *pat, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item new_version
+X<new_version>
+
+Returns a new version object based on the passed in SV:
+
+ SV *sv = new_version(SV *ver);
+
+Does not alter the passed in ver SV. See "upg_version" if you
+want to upgrade the SV.
+
+ SV* new_version(SV *ver)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item scan_version
+X<scan_version>
+
+Returns a pointer to the next character after the parsed
+version string, as well as upgrading the passed in SV to
+an RV.
+
+Function must be called with an already existing SV like
+
+ sv = newSV(0);
+ s = scan_version(s,SV *sv, bool qv);
+
+Performs some preprocessing to the string to ensure that
+it has the correct characteristics of a version. Flags the
+object if it contains an underscore (which denotes this
+is a alpha version). The boolean qv denotes that the version
+should be interpreted as if it had multiple decimals, even if
+it doesn't.
+
+ const char* scan_version(const char *vstr, SV *sv, bool qv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item strEQ
+X<strEQ>
+
+Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strGE
+X<strGE>
+
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
+the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strGT
+X<strGT>
+
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
+C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strLE
+X<strLE>
+
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
+second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strLT
+X<strLT>
+
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
+C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strNE
+X<strNE>
+
+Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
+false.
+
+ bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strnEQ
+X<strnEQ>
+
+Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
+the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
+C<strncmp>).
+
+ bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strnNE
+X<strnNE>
+
+Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
+indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
+wrapper for C<strncmp>).
+
+ bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item sv_nosharing
+X<sv_nosharing>
+
+Dummy routine which "shares" an SV when there is no sharing module present.
+Or "locks" it. Or "unlocks" it. In other words, ignores its single SV argument.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could
+potentially warn under some level of strict-ness.
+
+ void sv_nosharing(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item upg_version
+X<upg_version>
+
+In-place upgrade of the supplied SV to a version object.
+
+ SV *sv = upg_version(SV *sv);
+
+Returns a pointer to the upgraded SV.
+
+ SV* upg_version(SV *ver)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item vcmp
+X<vcmp>
+
+Version object aware cmp. Both operands must already have been
+converted into version objects.
+
+ int vcmp(SV *lvs, SV *rvs)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item vnormal
+X<vnormal>
+
+Accepts a version object and returns the normalized string
+representation. Call like:
+
+ sv = vnormal(rv);
+
+NOTE: you can pass either the object directly or the SV
+contained within the RV.
+
+ SV* vnormal(SV *vs)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item vnumify
+X<vnumify>
+
+Accepts a version object and returns the normalized floating
+point representation. Call like:
+
+ sv = vnumify(rv);
+
+NOTE: you can pass either the object directly or the SV
+contained within the RV.
+
+ SV* vnumify(SV *vs)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item vstringify
+X<vstringify>
+
+In order to maintain maximum compatibility with earlier versions
+of Perl, this function will return either the floating point
+notation or the multiple dotted notation, depending on whether
+the original version contained 1 or more dots, respectively
+
+ SV* vstringify(SV *vs)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item vverify
+X<vverify>
+
+Validates that the SV contains a valid version object.
+
+ bool vverify(SV *vobj);
+
+Note that it only confirms the bare minimum structure (so as not to get
+confused by derived classes which may contain additional hash entries):
+
+ bool vverify(SV *vs)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Multicall Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item dMULTICALL
+X<dMULTICALL>
+
+Declare local variables for a multicall. See L<perlcall/Lightweight Callbacks>.
+
+ dMULTICALL;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item MULTICALL
+X<MULTICALL>
+
+Make a lightweight callback. See L<perlcall/Lightweight Callbacks>.
+
+ MULTICALL;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item POP_MULTICALL
+X<POP_MULTICALL>
+
+Closing bracket for a lightweight callback.
+See L<perlcall/Lightweight Callbacks>.
+
+ POP_MULTICALL;
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file cop.h
-=item HeSVKEY
+=item PUSH_MULTICALL
+X<PUSH_MULTICALL>
-Returns the key as an C<SV*>, or C<Nullsv> if the hash entry does not
-contain an C<SV*> key.
+Opening bracket for a lightweight callback.
+See L<perlcall/Lightweight Callbacks>.
- SV* HeSVKEY(HE* he)
+ PUSH_MULTICALL;
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file cop.h
-=item HeSVKEY_force
-Returns the key as an C<SV*>. Will create and return a temporary mortal
-C<SV*> if the hash entry contains only a C<char*> key.
+=back
- SV* HeSVKEY_force(HE* he)
+=head1 Numeric functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item grok_bin
+X<grok_bin>
+
+converts a string representing a binary number to numeric form.
+
+On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
+conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
+The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character.
+Unless C<PERL_SCAN_SILENT_ILLDIGIT> is set in I<*flags>, encountering an
+invalid character will also trigger a warning.
+On return I<*len> is set to the length of the scanned string,
+and I<*flags> gives output flags.
+
+If the value is <= C<UV_MAX> it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
+and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_bin>
+returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
+and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
+is NULL).
+
+The binary number may optionally be prefixed with "0b" or "b" unless
+C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
+C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the binary
+number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+
+ UV grok_bin(const char* start, STRLEN* len_p, I32* flags, NV *result)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item HeSVKEY_set
+=item grok_hex
+X<grok_hex>
-Sets the key to a given C<SV*>, taking care to set the appropriate flags to
-indicate the presence of an C<SV*> key, and returns the same
-C<SV*>.
+converts a string representing a hex number to numeric form.
- SV* HeSVKEY_set(HE* he, SV* sv)
+On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
+conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
+The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character.
+Unless C<PERL_SCAN_SILENT_ILLDIGIT> is set in I<*flags>, encountering an
+invalid character will also trigger a warning.
+On return I<*len> is set to the length of the scanned string,
+and I<*flags> gives output flags.
+
+If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
+and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_hex>
+returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
+and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
+is NULL).
+
+The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0x" or "x" unless
+C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
+C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the hex
+number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+
+ UV grok_hex(const char* start, STRLEN* len_p, I32* flags, NV *result)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item HeVAL
+=item grok_number
+X<grok_number>
-Returns the value slot (type C<SV*>) stored in the hash entry.
+Recognise (or not) a number. The type of the number is returned
+(0 if unrecognised), otherwise it is a bit-ORed combination of
+IS_NUMBER_IN_UV, IS_NUMBER_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX, IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT,
+IS_NUMBER_NEG, IS_NUMBER_INFINITY, IS_NUMBER_NAN (defined in perl.h).
- SV* HeVAL(HE* he)
+If the value of the number can fit an in UV, it is returned in the *valuep
+IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set to indicate that *valuep is valid, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
+will never be set unless *valuep is valid, but *valuep may have been assigned
+to during processing even though IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set on return.
+If valuep is NULL, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set for the same cases as when
+valuep is non-NULL, but no actual assignment (or SEGV) will occur.
+
+IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT will be set with IS_NUMBER_IN_UV if trailing decimals were
+seen (in which case *valuep gives the true value truncated to an integer), and
+IS_NUMBER_NEG if the number is negative (in which case *valuep holds the
+absolute value). IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set if e notation was used or the
+number is larger than a UV.
+
+ int grok_number(const char *pv, STRLEN len, UV *valuep)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item HvNAME
+=item grok_numeric_radix
+X<grok_numeric_radix>
-Returns the package name of a stash. See C<SvSTASH>, C<CvSTASH>.
+Scan and skip for a numeric decimal separator (radix).
- char* HvNAME(HV* stash)
+ bool grok_numeric_radix(const char **sp, const char *send)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item hv_clear
+=item grok_oct
+X<grok_oct>
-Clears a hash, making it empty.
+converts a string representing an octal number to numeric form.
- void hv_clear(HV* tb)
+On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
+conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
+The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character.
+Unless C<PERL_SCAN_SILENT_ILLDIGIT> is set in I<*flags>, encountering an
+invalid character will also trigger a warning.
+On return I<*len> is set to the length of the scanned string,
+and I<*flags> gives output flags.
+
+If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
+and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_oct>
+returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
+and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
+is NULL).
+
+If C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the octal
+number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+
+ UV grok_oct(const char* start, STRLEN* len_p, I32* flags, NV *result)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item hv_delete
+=item scan_bin
+X<scan_bin>
-Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the
-hash and returned to the caller. The C<klen> is the length of the key.
-The C<flags> value will normally be zero; if set to G_DISCARD then NULL
-will be returned.
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_bin> instead.
- SV* hv_delete(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, I32 flags)
+ NV scan_bin(const char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item hv_delete_ent
+=item scan_hex
+X<scan_hex>
-Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the
-hash and returned to the caller. The C<flags> value will normally be zero;
-if set to G_DISCARD then NULL will be returned. C<hash> can be a valid
-precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be computed.
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_hex> instead.
- SV* hv_delete_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 flags, U32 hash)
+ NV scan_hex(const char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item hv_exists
+=item scan_oct
+X<scan_oct>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. The
-C<klen> is the length of the key.
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_oct> instead.
- bool hv_exists(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen)
+ NV scan_oct(const char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item hv_exists_ent
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. C<hash>
-can be a valid precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be
-computed.
+=back
- bool hv_exists_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, U32 hash)
+=head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item cv_const_sv
+X<cv_const_sv>
+
+If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
+value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
+
+Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
+L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
+
+ SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file op.c
-=item hv_fetch
+=item newCONSTSUB
+X<newCONSTSUB>
-Returns the SV which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. The
-C<klen> is the length of the key. If C<lval> is set then the fetch will be
-part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before
-dereferencing it to a C<SV*>.
+Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
+eligible for inlining at compile-time.
-See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
-information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+ CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, const char* name, SV* sv)
- SV** hv_fetch(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, I32 lval)
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+=item newXS
+X<newXS>
+
+Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. I<filename> needs to be
+static storage, as it is used directly as CvFILE(), without a copy being made.
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file op.c
-=item hv_fetch_ent
-Returns the hash entry which corresponds to the specified key in the hash.
-C<hash> must be a valid precomputed hash number for the given C<key>, or 0
-if you want the function to compute it. IF C<lval> is set then the fetch
-will be part of a store. Make sure the return value is non-null before
-accessing it. The return value when C<tb> is a tied hash is a pointer to a
-static location, so be sure to make a copy of the structure if you need to
-store it somewhere.
+=back
-See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
-information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+=head1 Pad Data Structures
+
+=over 8
+
+=item pad_sv
+X<pad_sv>
+
+Get the value at offset po in the current pad.
+Use macro PAD_SV instead of calling this function directly.
+
+ SV* pad_sv(PADOFFSET po)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pad.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Simple Exception Handling Macros
+
+=over 8
+
+=item dXCPT
+X<dXCPT>
+
+Set up necessary local variables for exception handling.
+See L<perlguts/"Exception Handling">.
+
+ dXCPT;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XCPT_CATCH
+X<XCPT_CATCH>
+
+Introduces a catch block. See L<perlguts/"Exception Handling">.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XCPT_RETHROW
+X<XCPT_RETHROW>
+
+Rethrows a previously caught exception. See L<perlguts/"Exception Handling">.
+
+ XCPT_RETHROW;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XCPT_TRY_END
+X<XCPT_TRY_END>
+
+Ends a try block. See L<perlguts/"Exception Handling">.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XCPT_TRY_START
+X<XCPT_TRY_START>
+
+Starts a try block. See L<perlguts/"Exception Handling">.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Stack Manipulation Macros
+
+=over 8
+
+=item dMARK
+X<dMARK>
+
+Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
+C<dORIGMARK>.
+
+ dMARK;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item dORIGMARK
+X<dORIGMARK>
+
+Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
+
+ dORIGMARK;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item dSP
+X<dSP>
+
+Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
+the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
+
+ dSP;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item EXTEND
+X<EXTEND>
+
+Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
+used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
+onto the stack.
+
+ void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item MARK
+X<MARK>
+
+Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item mPUSHi
+X<mPUSHi>
+
+Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<PUSHi>, C<mXPUSHi>
+and C<XPUSHi>.
+
+ void mPUSHi(IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item mPUSHn
+X<mPUSHn>
+
+Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<PUSHn>, C<mXPUSHn>
+and C<XPUSHn>.
+
+ void mPUSHn(NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item mPUSHp
+X<mPUSHp>
+
+Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. Does
+not use C<TARG>. See also C<PUSHp>, C<mXPUSHp> and C<XPUSHp>.
+
+ void mPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item mPUSHu
+X<mPUSHu>
+
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
+element. Handles 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<PUSHu>,
+C<mXPUSHu> and C<XPUSHu>.
+
+ void mPUSHu(UV uv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item mXPUSHi
+X<mXPUSHi>
+
+Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<XPUSHi>, C<mPUSHi> and
+C<PUSHi>.
+
+ void mXPUSHi(IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item mXPUSHn
+X<mXPUSHn>
+
+Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<XPUSHn>, C<mPUSHn> and
+C<PUSHn>.
+
+ void mXPUSHn(NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item mXPUSHp
+X<mXPUSHp>
+
+Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
+indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. Does not use
+C<TARG>. See also C<XPUSHp>, C<mPUSHp> and C<PUSHp>.
+
+ void mXPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
- HE* hv_fetch_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 lval, U32 hash)
+=item mXPUSHu
+X<mXPUSHu>
-=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
+Handles 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<XPUSHu>, C<mPUSHu>
+and C<PUSHu>.
-=item hv_iterinit
+ void mXPUSHu(UV uv)
-Prepares a starting point to traverse a hash table. Returns the number of
-keys in the hash (i.e. the same as C<HvKEYS(tb)>). The return value is
-currently only meaningful for hashes without tie magic.
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
-NOTE: Before version 5.004_65, C<hv_iterinit> used to return the number of
-hash buckets that happen to be in use. If you still need that esoteric
-value, you can get it through the macro C<HvFILL(tb)>.
+=item ORIGMARK
+X<ORIGMARK>
- I32 hv_iterinit(HV* tb)
+The original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<dORIGMARK>.
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item hv_iterkey
+=item POPi
+X<POPi>
-Returns the key from the current position of the hash iterator. See
-C<hv_iterinit>.
+Pops an integer off the stack.
- char* hv_iterkey(HE* entry, I32* retlen)
+ IV POPi
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item hv_iterkeysv
+=item POPl
+X<POPl>
-Returns the key as an C<SV*> from the current position of the hash
-iterator. The return value will always be a mortal copy of the key. Also
-see C<hv_iterinit>.
+Pops a long off the stack.
- SV* hv_iterkeysv(HE* entry)
+ long POPl
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item hv_iternext
+=item POPn
+X<POPn>
-Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit>.
+Pops a double off the stack.
- HE* hv_iternext(HV* tb)
+ NV POPn
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item hv_iternextsv
+=item POPp
+X<POPp>
-Performs an C<hv_iternext>, C<hv_iterkey>, and C<hv_iterval> in one
-operation.
+Pops a string off the stack. Deprecated. New code should use POPpx.
- SV* hv_iternextsv(HV* hv, char** key, I32* retlen)
+ char* POPp
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item hv_iterval
+=item POPpbytex
+X<POPpbytex>
-Returns the value from the current position of the hash iterator. See
-C<hv_iterkey>.
+Pops a string off the stack which must consist of bytes i.e. characters < 256.
- SV* hv_iterval(HV* tb, HE* entry)
+ char* POPpbytex
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item hv_magic
+=item POPpx
+X<POPpx>
-Adds magic to a hash. See C<sv_magic>.
+Pops a string off the stack.
- void hv_magic(HV* hv, GV* gv, int how)
+ char* POPpx
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
-
-=item hv_store
+Found in file pp.h
-Stores an SV in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key> and C<klen> is
-the length of the key. The C<hash> parameter is the precomputed hash
-value; if it is zero then Perl will compute it. The return value will be
-NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
-stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise it can
-be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note that the caller is
-responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of C<val> before
-the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
+=item POPs
+X<POPs>
-See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
-information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+Pops an SV off the stack.
- SV** hv_store(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, SV* val, U32 hash)
+ SV* POPs
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
-
-=item hv_store_ent
+Found in file pp.h
-Stores C<val> in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key>. The C<hash>
-parameter is the precomputed hash value; if it is zero then Perl will
-compute it. The return value is the new hash entry so created. It will be
-NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
-stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise the
-contents of the return value can be accessed using the C<He?> macros
-described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably
-incrementing the reference count of C<val> before the call, and
-decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
+=item PUSHi
+X<PUSHi>
-See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
-information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be
+called to declare it. Do not call multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to
+return lists from XSUB's - see C<mPUSHi> instead. See also C<XPUSHi> and
+C<mXPUSHi>.
- HE* hv_store_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, SV* val, U32 hash)
+ void PUSHi(IV iv)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item hv_undef
+=item PUSHMARK
+X<PUSHMARK>
-Undefines the hash.
+Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
+L<perlcall>.
- void hv_undef(HV* tb)
+ void PUSHMARK(SP)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item isALNUM
+=item PUSHmortal
+X<PUSHmortal>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
-character (including underscore) or digit.
+Push a new mortal SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
+element. Does not handle 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also
+C<PUSHs>, C<XPUSHmortal> and C<XPUSHs>.
- bool isALNUM(char ch)
+ void PUSHmortal()
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item isALPHA
+=item PUSHn
+X<PUSHn>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
-character.
+Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be
+called to declare it. Do not call multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to
+return lists from XSUB's - see C<mPUSHn> instead. See also C<XPUSHn> and
+C<mXPUSHn>.
- bool isALPHA(char ch)
+ void PUSHn(NV nv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item isDIGIT
+=item PUSHp
+X<PUSHp>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
-digit.
+Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. Uses
+C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be called to declare it. Do not
+call multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to return lists from XSUB's - see
+C<mPUSHp> instead. See also C<XPUSHp> and C<mXPUSHp>.
- bool isDIGIT(char ch)
+ void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item isLOWER
+=item PUSHs
+X<PUSHs>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
-character.
+Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<PUSHmortal>,
+C<XPUSHs> and C<XPUSHmortal>.
- bool isLOWER(char ch)
+ void PUSHs(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item isSPACE
+=item PUSHu
+X<PUSHu>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
+element. Handles 'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG>
+should be called to declare it. Do not call multiple C<TARG>-oriented
+macros to return lists from XSUB's - see C<mPUSHu> instead. See also
+C<XPUSHu> and C<mXPUSHu>.
- bool isSPACE(char ch)
+ void PUSHu(UV uv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item isUPPER
+=item PUTBACK
+X<PUTBACK>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
-character.
+Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
+See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
- bool isUPPER(char ch)
+ PUTBACK;
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item is_utf8_char
+Found in file pp.h
-Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8
-character. Note that an INVARIANT (i.e. ASCII) character is a valid UTF-8 character.
-The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character will be returned if
-it is valid, otherwise 0.
+=item SP
+X<SP>
- STRLEN is_utf8_char(U8 *p)
+Stack pointer. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>. See C<dSP> and
+C<SPAGAIN>.
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item is_utf8_string
+=item SPAGAIN
+X<SPAGAIN>
-Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form a valid UTF8
-string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid UTF8 string' does not mean
-'a string that contains UTF8' because a valid ASCII string is a valid
-UTF8 string.
+Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
- bool is_utf8_string(U8 *s, STRLEN len)
+ SPAGAIN;
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item items
+=item XPUSHi
+X<XPUSHi>
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
-items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
+Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be called to
+declare it. Do not call multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to return lists
+from XSUB's - see C<mXPUSHi> instead. See also C<PUSHi> and C<mPUSHi>.
- I32 items
+ void XPUSHi(IV iv)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item ix
+=item XPUSHmortal
+X<XPUSHmortal>
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
-XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
+Push a new mortal SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does
+not handle 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<XPUSHs>,
+C<PUSHmortal> and C<PUSHs>.
- I32 ix
+ void XPUSHmortal()
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item LEAVE
+=item XPUSHn
+X<XPUSHn>
-Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
+Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be called to
+declare it. Do not call multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to return lists
+from XSUB's - see C<mXPUSHn> instead. See also C<PUSHn> and C<mPUSHn>.
- LEAVE;
+ void XPUSHn(NV nv)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item load_module
+=item XPUSHp
+X<XPUSHp>
-Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
-Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
-Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
-PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
-(or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
-similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
-arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
-method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
+Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
+indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so
+C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be called to declare it. Do not call
+multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to return lists from XSUB's - see
+C<mXPUSHp> instead. See also C<PUSHp> and C<mPUSHp>.
- void load_module(U32 flags, SV* name, SV* ver, ...)
+ void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file opmini.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item looks_like_number
+=item XPUSHs
+X<XPUSHs>
-Test if an the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a
-number). C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not
-issue a non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
+Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
+handle 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<XPUSHmortal>,
+C<PUSHs> and C<PUSHmortal>.
- I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
+ void XPUSHs(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item MARK
+=item XPUSHu
+X<XPUSHu>
-Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
+Handles 'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be
+called to declare it. Do not call multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to
+return lists from XSUB's - see C<mXPUSHu> instead. See also C<PUSHu> and
+C<mPUSHu>.
+
+ void XPUSHu(UV uv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item mg_clear
+=item XSRETURN
+X<XSRETURN>
-Clear something magical that the SV represents. See C<sv_magic>.
+Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
+handled by C<xsubpp>.
- int mg_clear(SV* sv)
+ void XSRETURN(int nitems)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item mg_copy
+=item XSRETURN_EMPTY
+X<XSRETURN_EMPTY>
-Copies the magic from one SV to another. See C<sv_magic>.
+Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
- int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
+ XSRETURN_EMPTY;
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item mg_find
+=item XSRETURN_IV
+X<XSRETURN_IV>
-Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
- MAGIC* mg_find(SV* sv, int type)
+ void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item mg_free
+=item XSRETURN_NO
+X<XSRETURN_NO>
-Free any magic storage used by the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
- int mg_free(SV* sv)
+ XSRETURN_NO;
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item mg_get
+=item XSRETURN_NV
+X<XSRETURN_NV>
-Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Return a double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
- int mg_get(SV* sv)
+ void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item mg_length
+=item XSRETURN_PV
+X<XSRETURN_PV>
-Report on the SV's length. See C<sv_magic>.
+Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
- U32 mg_length(SV* sv)
+ void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item mg_magical
+=item XSRETURN_UNDEF
+X<XSRETURN_UNDEF>
-Turns on the magical status of an SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
- void mg_magical(SV* sv)
+ XSRETURN_UNDEF;
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item mg_set
+=item XSRETURN_UV
+X<XSRETURN_UV>
-Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUV>.
- int mg_set(SV* sv)
+ void XSRETURN_UV(IV uv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Move
+=item XSRETURN_YES
+X<XSRETURN_YES>
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
-source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
-the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
+Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
- void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+ XSRETURN_YES;
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item New
+=item XST_mIV
+X<XST_mIV>
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
+Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
+value is stored in a new mortal SV.
- void New(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item newAV
+=item XST_mNO
+X<XST_mNO>
-Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
+Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
- AV* newAV()
+ void XST_mNO(int pos)
=for hackers
-Found in file av.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Newc
+=item XST_mNV
+X<XST_mNV>
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
-cast.
+Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
+is stored in a new mortal SV.
- void Newc(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+ void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item newCONSTSUB
+=item XST_mPV
+X<XST_mPV>
-Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
-eligible for inlining at compile-time.
+Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
+The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
- CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
+ void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
=for hackers
-Found in file opmini.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item newHV
+=item XST_mUNDEF
+X<XST_mUNDEF>
-Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
+Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
- HV* newHV()
+ void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item newRV_inc
+=item XST_mYES
+X<XST_mYES>
-Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
-incremented.
+Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
- SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
+ void XST_mYES(int pos)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item newRV_noinc
+Found in file XSUB.h
-Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
-SV is B<not> incremented.
- SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+=head1 SV Flags
-=item NEWSV
+=over 8
-Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
-bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
-tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
-space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
-C<id> is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
+=item svtype
+X<svtype>
- SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
+An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
+in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item newSViv
+Found in file sv.h
-Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1.
+=item SVt_IV
+X<SVt_IV>
- SV* newSViv(IV i)
+Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
-=item newSVnv
+Found in file sv.h
-Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
-The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+=item SVt_NV
+X<SVt_NV>
- SV* newSVnv(NV n)
+Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
-=item newSVpv
+Found in file sv.h
-Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
-strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
+=item SVt_PV
+X<SVt_PV>
- SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
-=item newSVpvf
+Found in file sv.h
-Creates a new SV an initialize it with the string formatted like
-C<sprintf>.
+=item SVt_PVAV
+X<SVt_PVAV>
- SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
+Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
-=item newSVpvn
+Found in file sv.h
-Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
-string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
-C<len> bytes long.
+=item SVt_PVCV
+X<SVt_PVCV>
- SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
-=item newSVpvn_share
+Found in file sv.h
-Creates a new SV and populates it with a string from
-the string table. Turns on READONLY and FAKE.
-The idea here is that as string table is used for shared hash
-keys these strings will have SvPVX == HeKEY and hash lookup
-will avoid string compare.
+=item SVt_PVHV
+X<SVt_PVHV>
- SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash)
+Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
-=item newSVrv
+Found in file sv.h
-Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
-it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
-be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
-reference count is 1.
+=item SVt_PVMG
+X<SVt_PVMG>
- SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
+Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newSVsv
-Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
+=back
- SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
+=head1 SV Manipulation Functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+=over 8
-=item newSVuv
+=item get_sv
+X<get_sv>
-Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
-The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
- SV* newSVuv(UV u)
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+
+ SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file perl.c
-=item newXS
+=item newRV_inc
+X<newRV_inc>
+
+Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
+incremented.
-Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs.
+ SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file opmini.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newXSproto
+=item SvCUR
+X<SvCUR>
-Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
-the subs.
+Returns the length of the string which is in the SV. See C<SvLEN>.
+
+ STRLEN SvCUR(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Newz
+=item SvCUR_set
+X<SvCUR_set>
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
-memory is zeroed with C<memzero>.
+Set the current length of the string which is in the SV. See C<SvCUR>
+and C<SvIV_set>.
- void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ void SvCUR_set(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Nullav
+=item SvEND
+X<SvEND>
-Null AV pointer.
+Returns a pointer to the last character in the string which is in the SV.
+See C<SvCUR>. Access the character as *(SvEND(sv)).
+
+ char* SvEND(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file av.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Nullch
+=item SvGAMAGIC
+X<SvGAMAGIC>
-Null character pointer.
+Returns true if the SV has get magic or overloading. If either is true then
+the scalar is active data, and has the potential to return a new value every
+time it is accessed. Hence you must be careful to only read it once per user
+logical operation and work with that returned value. If neither is true then
+the scalar's value cannot change unless written to.
+
+ char* SvGAMAGIC(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Nullcv
+=item SvGROW
+X<SvGROW>
-Null CV pointer.
+Expands the character buffer in the SV so that it has room for the
+indicated number of bytes (remember to reserve space for an extra trailing
+NUL character). Calls C<sv_grow> to perform the expansion if necessary.
+Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
+
+ char * SvGROW(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file cv.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Nullhv
+=item SvIOK
+X<SvIOK>
-Null HV pointer.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer.
+
+ bool SvIOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Nullsv
+=item SvIOKp
+X<SvIOKp>
-Null SV pointer.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer. Checks
+the B<private> setting. Use C<SvIOK>.
+
+ bool SvIOKp(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvIOK_notUV
+X<SvIOK_notUV>
-=item ORIGMARK
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a signed integer.
-The original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<dORIGMARK>.
+ bool SvIOK_notUV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item perl_alloc
+=item SvIOK_off
+X<SvIOK_off>
-Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Unsets the IV status of an SV.
- PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
+ void SvIOK_off(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item perl_construct
+=item SvIOK_on
+X<SvIOK_on>
-Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Tells an SV that it is an integer.
- void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ void SvIOK_on(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item perl_destruct
+=item SvIOK_only
+X<SvIOK_only>
-Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Tells an SV that it is an integer and disables all other OK bits.
- void perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ void SvIOK_only(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item perl_free
+=item SvIOK_only_UV
+X<SvIOK_only_UV>
-Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Tells and SV that it is an unsigned integer and disables all other OK bits.
- void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ void SvIOK_only_UV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item perl_parse
+=item SvIOK_UV
+X<SvIOK_UV>
-Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
- int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
+ bool SvIOK_UV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item perl_run
+=item SvIsCOW
+X<SvIsCOW>
-Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is Copy-On-Write. (either shared
+hash key scalars, or full Copy On Write scalars if 5.9.0 is configured for
+COW)
- int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ bool SvIsCOW(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_modglobal
+=item SvIsCOW_shared_hash
+X<SvIsCOW_shared_hash>
-C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
-extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
-In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
-to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
-prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is Copy-On-Write shared hash key
+scalar.
- HV* PL_modglobal
+ bool SvIsCOW_shared_hash(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_na
+=item SvIV
+X<SvIV>
-A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
-doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
-to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
-C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
+Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it. See C<SvIVx> for a
+version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
- STRLEN PL_na
+ IV SvIV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file thrdvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_sv_no
+=item SvIVX
+X<SvIVX>
-This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
-C<&PL_sv_no>.
+Returns the raw value in the SV's IV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvIV()>.
- SV PL_sv_no
+ IV SvIVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_sv_undef
+=item SvIVx
+X<SvIVx>
-This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
+Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
+sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvIV> otherwise.
- SV PL_sv_undef
+ IV SvIVx(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_sv_yes
+=item SvIV_nomg
+X<SvIV_nomg>
-This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
-C<&PL_sv_yes>.
+Like C<SvIV> but doesn't process magic.
- SV PL_sv_yes
+ IV SvIV_nomg(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item POPi
+=item SvIV_set
+X<SvIV_set>
-Pops an integer off the stack.
+Set the value of the IV pointer in sv to val. It is possible to perform
+the same function of this macro with an lvalue assignment to C<SvIVX>.
+With future Perls, however, it will be more efficient to use
+C<SvIV_set> instead of the lvalue assignment to C<SvIVX>.
- IV POPi
+ void SvIV_set(SV* sv, IV val)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item POPl
+=item SvLEN
+X<SvLEN>
-Pops a long off the stack.
+Returns the size of the string buffer in the SV, not including any part
+attributable to C<SvOOK>. See C<SvCUR>.
- long POPl
+ STRLEN SvLEN(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item POPn
+=item SvLEN_set
+X<SvLEN_set>
-Pops a double off the stack.
+Set the actual length of the string which is in the SV. See C<SvIV_set>.
- NV POPn
+ void SvLEN_set(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item POPp
+=item SvMAGIC_set
+X<SvMAGIC_set>
-Pops a string off the stack. Deprecated. New code should provide
-a STRLEN n_a and use POPpx.
+Set the value of the MAGIC pointer in sv to val. See C<SvIV_set>.
- char* POPp
+ void SvMAGIC_set(SV* sv, MAGIC* val)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item POPpbytex
+=item SvNIOK
+X<SvNIOK>
-Pops a string off the stack which must consist of bytes i.e. characters < 256.
-Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or
+double.
- char* POPpbytex
+ bool SvNIOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item POPpx
+=item SvNIOKp
+X<SvNIOKp>
-Pops a string off the stack.
-Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or
+double. Checks the B<private> setting. Use C<SvNIOK>.
- char* POPpx
+ bool SvNIOKp(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item POPs
+=item SvNIOK_off
+X<SvNIOK_off>
-Pops an SV off the stack.
+Unsets the NV/IV status of an SV.
- SV* POPs
+ void SvNIOK_off(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUSHi
+=item SvNOK
+X<SvNOK>
-Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHi>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double.
- void PUSHi(IV iv)
+ bool SvNOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUSHMARK
+=item SvNOKp
+X<SvNOKp>
-Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double. Checks the
+B<private> setting. Use C<SvNOK>.
- PUSHMARK;
+ bool SvNOKp(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUSHn
+=item SvNOK_off
+X<SvNOK_off>
-Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHn>.
+Unsets the NV status of an SV.
- void PUSHn(NV nv)
+ void SvNOK_off(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUSHp
+=item SvNOK_on
+X<SvNOK_on>
-Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
-C<XPUSHp>.
+Tells an SV that it is a double.
- void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+ void SvNOK_on(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUSHs
+=item SvNOK_only
+X<SvNOK_only>
-Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHs>.
+Tells an SV that it is a double and disables all other OK bits.
- void PUSHs(SV* sv)
+ void SvNOK_only(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUSHu
+=item SvNV
+X<SvNV>
-Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
-element. See C<XPUSHu>.
+Coerce the given SV to a double and return it. See C<SvNVx> for a version
+which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
- void PUSHu(UV uv)
+ NV SvNV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUTBACK
+=item SvNVX
+X<SvNVX>
-Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
-See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
+Returns the raw value in the SV's NV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvNOK is true. See also C<SvNV()>.
- PUTBACK;
+ NV SvNVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Renew
+=item SvNVx
+X<SvNVx>
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
+Coerces the given SV to a double and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
+sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvNV> otherwise.
- void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ NV SvNVx(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Renewc
+=item SvNV_set
+X<SvNV_set>
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
-cast.
+Set the value of the NV pointer in sv to val. See C<SvIV_set>.
- void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+ void SvNV_set(SV* sv, NV val)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item require_pv
+Found in file sv.h
-Tells Perl to C<require> the file named by the string argument. It is
-analogous to the Perl code C<eval "require '$file'">. It's even
-implemented that way; consider using Perl_load_module instead.
+=item SvOK
+X<SvOK>
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the value is an SV. It also tells
+whether the value is defined or not.
- void require_pv(const char* pv)
+ bool SvOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item RETVAL
+=item SvOOK
+X<SvOOK>
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
-XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
-L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SvIVX is a valid offset value for
+the SvPVX. This hack is used internally to speed up removal of characters
+from the beginning of a SvPV. When SvOOK is true, then the start of the
+allocated string buffer is really (SvPVX - SvIVX).
- (whatever) RETVAL
+ bool SvOOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Safefree
+=item SvPOK
+X<SvPOK>
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character
+string.
- void Safefree(void* ptr)
+ bool SvPOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item savepv
+=item SvPOKp
+X<SvPOKp>
-Copy a string to a safe spot. This does not use an SV.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character string.
+Checks the B<private> setting. Use C<SvPOK>.
- char* savepv(const char* sv)
+ bool SvPOKp(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item savepvn
+=item SvPOK_off
+X<SvPOK_off>
-Copy a string to a safe spot. The C<len> indicates number of bytes to
-copy. This does not use an SV.
+Unsets the PV status of an SV.
- char* savepvn(const char* sv, I32 len)
+ void SvPOK_off(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item SAVETMPS
+=item SvPOK_on
+X<SvPOK_on>
-Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Tells an SV that it is a string.
- SAVETMPS;
+ void SvPOK_on(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
-=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+=item SvPOK_only
+X<SvPOK_only>
-=item SP
+Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits.
+Will also turn off the UTF-8 status.
-Stack pointer. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>. See C<dSP> and
-C<SPAGAIN>.
+ void SvPOK_only(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item SPAGAIN
+=item SvPOK_only_UTF8
+X<SvPOK_only_UTF8>
-Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
+Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits,
+and leaves the UTF-8 status as it was.
- SPAGAIN;
+ void SvPOK_only_UTF8(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item ST
+=item SvPV
+X<SvPV>
-Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
+Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of
+the SV if the SV does not contain a string. The SV may cache the
+stringified version becoming C<SvPOK>. Handles 'get' magic. See also
+C<SvPVx> for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
- SV* ST(int ix)
+ char* SvPV(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item strEQ
+=item SvPVbyte
+X<SvPVbyte>
-Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
- bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
+ char* SvPVbyte(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item strGE
+=item SvPVbytex
+X<SvPVbytex>
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
-the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVbyte>
+otherwise.
- bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ char* SvPVbytex(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item strGT
+=item SvPVbytex_force
+X<SvPVbytex_force>
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
-C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVbyte_force>
+otherwise.
- bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
+ char* SvPVbytex_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item strLE
+=item SvPVbyte_force
+X<SvPVbyte_force>
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
-second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
- bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ char* SvPVbyte_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item strLT
+=item SvPVbyte_nolen
+X<SvPVbyte_nolen>
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
-C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Like C<SvPV_nolen>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
- bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
+ char* SvPVbyte_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item strNE
+=item SvPVutf8
+X<SvPVutf8>
-Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
-false.
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
- bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ char* SvPVutf8(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item strnEQ
+=item SvPVutf8x
+X<SvPVutf8x>
-Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
-the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
-C<strncmp>).
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVutf8>
+otherwise.
- bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+ char* SvPVutf8x(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item strnNE
+=item SvPVutf8x_force
+X<SvPVutf8x_force>
-Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
-indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
-wrapper for C<strncmp>).
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVutf8_force>
+otherwise.
- bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+ char* SvPVutf8x_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item StructCopy
+=item SvPVutf8_force
+X<SvPVutf8_force>
-This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
- void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
+ char* SvPVutf8_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item SvCUR
+=item SvPVutf8_nolen
+X<SvPVutf8_nolen>
-Returns the length of the string which is in the SV. See C<SvLEN>.
+Like C<SvPV_nolen>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
- STRLEN SvCUR(SV* sv)
+ char* SvPVutf8_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvCUR_set
+=item SvPVX
+X<SvPVX>
-Set the length of the string which is in the SV. See C<SvCUR>.
+Returns a pointer to the physical string in the SV. The SV must contain a
+string.
- void SvCUR_set(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+ char* SvPVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvEND
+=item SvPVx
+X<SvPVx>
-Returns a pointer to the last character in the string which is in the SV.
-See C<SvCUR>. Access the character as *(SvEND(sv)).
+A version of C<SvPV> which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
- char* SvEND(SV* sv)
+ char* SvPVx(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvGETMAGIC
+=item SvPV_force
+X<SvPV_force>
-Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
-argument more than once.
+Like C<SvPV> but will force the SV into containing just a string
+(C<SvPOK_only>). You want force if you are going to update the C<SvPVX>
+directly.
- void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
+ char* SvPV_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvGROW
+=item SvPV_force_nomg
+X<SvPV_force_nomg>
-Expands the character buffer in the SV so that it has room for the
-indicated number of bytes (remember to reserve space for an extra trailing
-NUL character). Calls C<sv_grow> to perform the expansion if necessary.
-Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
+Like C<SvPV> but will force the SV into containing just a string
+(C<SvPOK_only>). You want force if you are going to update the C<SvPVX>
+directly. Doesn't process magic.
- char * SvGROW(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+ char* SvPV_force_nomg(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvIOK
+=item SvPV_nolen
+X<SvPV_nolen>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer.
+Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of
+the SV if the SV does not contain a string. The SV may cache the
+stringified form becoming C<SvPOK>. Handles 'get' magic.
- bool SvIOK(SV* sv)
+ char* SvPV_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvIOKp
+=item SvPV_nomg
+X<SvPV_nomg>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer. Checks
-the B<private> setting. Use C<SvIOK>.
+Like C<SvPV> but doesn't process magic.
- bool SvIOKp(SV* sv)
+ char* SvPV_nomg(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvIOK_notUV
+=item SvPV_set
+X<SvPV_set>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an signed integer.
+Set the value of the PV pointer in sv to val. See C<SvIV_set>.
- void SvIOK_notUV(SV* sv)
+ void SvPV_set(SV* sv, char* val)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvIOK_off
+=item SvREFCNT
+X<SvREFCNT>
-Unsets the IV status of an SV.
+Returns the value of the object's reference count.
- void SvIOK_off(SV* sv)
+ U32 SvREFCNT(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvIOK_on
+=item SvREFCNT_dec
+X<SvREFCNT_dec>
-Tells an SV that it is an integer.
+Decrements the reference count of the given SV.
- void SvIOK_on(SV* sv)
+ void SvREFCNT_dec(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvIOK_only
+=item SvREFCNT_inc
+X<SvREFCNT_inc>
-Tells an SV that it is an integer and disables all other OK bits.
+Increments the reference count of the given SV.
- void SvIOK_only(SV* sv)
+ SV* SvREFCNT_inc(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvIOK_only_UV
+=item SvREFCNT_inc_NN
+X<SvREFCNT_inc_NN>
-Tells and SV that it is an unsigned integer and disables all other OK bits.
+Same as SvREFCNT_inc, but can only be used if you know I<sv>
+is not NULL. Since we don't have to check the NULLness, it's faster
+and smaller.
- void SvIOK_only_UV(SV* sv)
+ SV* SvREFCNT_inc_NN(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvIOK_UV
+=item SvREFCNT_inc_simple
+X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
+Same as SvREFCNT_inc, but can only be used with simple variables, not
+expressions or pointer dereferences. Since we don't have to store a
+temporary value, it's faster.
- void SvIOK_UV(SV* sv)
+ SV* SvREFCNT_inc_simple(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvIV
+=item SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN
+X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN>
-Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it.
+Same as SvREFCNT_inc_simple, but can only be used if you know I<sv>
+is not NULL. Since we don't have to check the NULLness, it's faster
+and smaller.
- IV SvIV(SV* sv)
+ SV* SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvIVX
+=item SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void
+X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void>
-Returns the integer which is stored in the SV, assuming SvIOK is
-true.
+Same as SvREFCNT_inc_simple, but can only be used if you don't need the
+return value. The macro doesn't need to return a meaningful value.
- IV SvIVX(SV* sv)
+ SV* SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvLEN
+=item SvREFCNT_inc_void
+X<SvREFCNT_inc_void>
-Returns the size of the string buffer in the SV, not including any part
-attributable to C<SvOOK>. See C<SvCUR>.
+Same as SvREFCNT_inc, but can only be used if you don't need the
+return value. The macro doesn't need to return a meaningful value.
- STRLEN SvLEN(SV* sv)
+ SV* SvREFCNT_inc_void(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNIOK
+=item SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN
+X<SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or
-double.
+Same as SvREFCNT_inc, but can only be used if you don't need the return
+value, and you know that I<sv> is not NULL. The macro doesn't need
+to return a meaningful value, or check for NULLness, so it's smaller
+and faster.
- bool SvNIOK(SV* sv)
+ SV* SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNIOKp
+=item SvROK
+X<SvROK>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or
-double. Checks the B<private> setting. Use C<SvNIOK>.
+Tests if the SV is an RV.
- bool SvNIOKp(SV* sv)
+ bool SvROK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNIOK_off
+=item SvROK_off
+X<SvROK_off>
-Unsets the NV/IV status of an SV.
+Unsets the RV status of an SV.
- void SvNIOK_off(SV* sv)
+ void SvROK_off(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNOK
+=item SvROK_on
+X<SvROK_on>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double.
+Tells an SV that it is an RV.
- bool SvNOK(SV* sv)
+ void SvROK_on(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNOKp
+=item SvRV
+X<SvRV>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double. Checks the
-B<private> setting. Use C<SvNOK>.
+Dereferences an RV to return the SV.
- bool SvNOKp(SV* sv)
+ SV* SvRV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNOK_off
+=item SvRV_set
+X<SvRV_set>
-Unsets the NV status of an SV.
+Set the value of the RV pointer in sv to val. See C<SvIV_set>.
- void SvNOK_off(SV* sv)
+ void SvRV_set(SV* sv, SV* val)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNOK_on
+=item SvSTASH
+X<SvSTASH>
-Tells an SV that it is a double.
+Returns the stash of the SV.
- void SvNOK_on(SV* sv)
+ HV* SvSTASH(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNOK_only
+=item SvSTASH_set
+X<SvSTASH_set>
-Tells an SV that it is a double and disables all other OK bits.
+Set the value of the STASH pointer in sv to val. See C<SvIV_set>.
- void SvNOK_only(SV* sv)
+ void SvSTASH_set(SV* sv, STASH* val)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNV
+=item SvTAINT
+X<SvTAINT>
-Coerce the given SV to a double and return it.
+Taints an SV if tainting is enabled.
- NV SvNV(SV* sv)
+ void SvTAINT(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNVX
+=item SvTAINTED
+X<SvTAINTED>
-Returns the double which is stored in the SV, assuming SvNOK is
-true.
+Checks to see if an SV is tainted. Returns TRUE if it is, FALSE if
+not.
- NV SvNVX(SV* sv)
+ bool SvTAINTED(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvOK
+=item SvTAINTED_off
+X<SvTAINTED_off>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the value is an SV.
+Untaints an SV. Be I<very> careful with this routine, as it short-circuits
+some of Perl's fundamental security features. XS module authors should not
+use this function unless they fully understand all the implications of
+unconditionally untainting the value. Untainting should be done in the
+standard perl fashion, via a carefully crafted regexp, rather than directly
+untainting variables.
- bool SvOK(SV* sv)
+ void SvTAINTED_off(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvOOK
+=item SvTAINTED_on
+X<SvTAINTED_on>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SvIVX is a valid offset value for
-the SvPVX. This hack is used internally to speed up removal of characters
-from the beginning of a SvPV. When SvOOK is true, then the start of the
-allocated string buffer is really (SvPVX - SvIVX).
+Marks an SV as tainted if tainting is enabled.
- bool SvOOK(SV* sv)
+ void SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPOK
+=item SvTRUE
+X<SvTRUE>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character
-string.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether Perl would evaluate the SV as true or
+false, defined or undefined. Does not handle 'get' magic.
- bool SvPOK(SV* sv)
+ bool SvTRUE(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPOKp
+=item SvTYPE
+X<SvTYPE>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character string.
-Checks the B<private> setting. Use C<SvPOK>.
+Returns the type of the SV. See C<svtype>.
- bool SvPOKp(SV* sv)
+ svtype SvTYPE(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPOK_off
+=item SvUOK
+X<SvUOK>
-Unsets the PV status of an SV.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
- void SvPOK_off(SV* sv)
+ void SvUOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPOK_on
+=item SvUPGRADE
+X<SvUPGRADE>
-Tells an SV that it is a string.
+Used to upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Uses C<sv_upgrade> to
+perform the upgrade if necessary. See C<svtype>.
- void SvPOK_on(SV* sv)
+ void SvUPGRADE(SV* sv, svtype type)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPOK_only
+=item SvUTF8
+X<SvUTF8>
-Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits.
-Will also turn off the UTF8 status.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains UTF-8 encoded data.
- void SvPOK_only(SV* sv)
+ bool SvUTF8(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPOK_only_UTF8
+=item SvUTF8_off
+X<SvUTF8_off>
-Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits,
-and leaves the UTF8 status as it was.
+Unsets the UTF-8 status of an SV.
- void SvPOK_only_UTF8(SV* sv)
+ void SvUTF8_off(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPV
+=item SvUTF8_on
+X<SvUTF8_on>
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
-if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
+Turn on the UTF-8 status of an SV (the data is not changed, just the flag).
+Do not use frivolously.
- char* SvPV(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+ void SvUTF8_on(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPVX
+=item SvUV
+X<SvUV>
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV. The SV must contain a
-string.
+Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it. See C<SvUVx>
+for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
- char* SvPVX(SV* sv)
+ UV SvUV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPV_force
+=item SvUVX
+X<SvUVX>
-Like <SvPV> but will force the SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want
-force if you are going to update the SvPVX directly.
+Returns the raw value in the SV's UV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvUV()>.
- char* SvPV_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+ UV SvUVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPV_nolen
+=item SvUVx
+X<SvUVx>
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
-if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
+Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it. Guarantees to
+evaluate sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvUV> otherwise.
- char* SvPV_nolen(SV* sv)
+ UV SvUVx(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvREFCNT
+=item SvUV_nomg
+X<SvUV_nomg>
-Returns the value of the object's reference count.
+Like C<SvUV> but doesn't process magic.
- U32 SvREFCNT(SV* sv)
+ UV SvUV_nomg(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvREFCNT_dec
+=item SvUV_set
+X<SvUV_set>
-Decrements the reference count of the given SV.
+Set the value of the UV pointer in sv to val. See C<SvIV_set>.
- void SvREFCNT_dec(SV* sv)
+ void SvUV_set(SV* sv, UV val)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvREFCNT_inc
+=item SvVOK
+X<SvVOK>
-Increments the reference count of the given SV.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a v-string.
- SV* SvREFCNT_inc(SV* sv)
+ bool SvVOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvROK
+=item sv_catpvn_nomg
+X<sv_catpvn_nomg>
-Tests if the SV is an RV.
+Like C<sv_catpvn> but doesn't process magic.
- bool SvROK(SV* sv)
+ void sv_catpvn_nomg(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvROK_off
+=item sv_catsv_nomg
+X<sv_catsv_nomg>
-Unsets the RV status of an SV.
+Like C<sv_catsv> but doesn't process magic.
- void SvROK_off(SV* sv)
+ void sv_catsv_nomg(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvROK_on
+=item sv_derived_from
+X<sv_derived_from>
-Tells an SV that it is an RV.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is derived from the specified
+class. This is the function that implements C<UNIVERSAL::isa>. It works
+for class names as well as for objects.
- void SvROK_on(SV* sv)
+ bool sv_derived_from(SV* sv, const char* name)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file universal.c
-=item SvRV
+=item sv_report_used
+X<sv_report_used>
-Dereferences an RV to return the SV.
+Dump the contents of all SVs not yet freed. (Debugging aid).
- SV* SvRV(SV* sv)
+ void sv_report_used()
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvSETMAGIC
+=item sv_setsv_nomg
+X<sv_setsv_nomg>
-Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
-argument more than once.
+Like C<sv_setsv> but doesn't process magic.
- void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
+ void sv_setsv_nomg(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvSetSV
-Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
-more than once.
+=back
- void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
+=head1 SV-Body Allocation
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+=over 8
-=item SvSetSV_nosteal
+=item looks_like_number
+X<looks_like_number>
-Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
-ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
+Test if the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
+C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not issue a
+non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
- void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+ I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvSTASH
+=item newRV_noinc
+X<newRV_noinc>
-Returns the stash of the SV.
+Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
+SV is B<not> incremented.
- HV* SvSTASH(SV* sv)
+ SV* newRV_noinc(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvTAINT
+=item newSV
+X<newSV>
+
+Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
+bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
+trailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
+space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
-Taints an SV if tainting is enabled
+In 5.9.3, newSV() replaces the older NEWSV() API, and drops the first
+parameter, I<x>, a debug aid which allowed callers to identify themselves.
+This aid has been superseded by a new build option, PERL_MEM_LOG (see
+L<perlhack/PERL_MEM_LOG>). The older API is still there for use in XS
+modules supporting older perls.
- void SvTAINT(SV* sv)
+ SV* newSV(STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvTAINTED
+=item newSVhek
+X<newSVhek>
-Checks to see if an SV is tainted. Returns TRUE if it is, FALSE if
-not.
+Creates a new SV from the hash key structure. It will generate scalars that
+point to the shared string table where possible. Returns a new (undefined)
+SV if the hek is NULL.
- bool SvTAINTED(SV* sv)
+ SV* newSVhek(const HEK *hek)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvTAINTED_off
+=item newSViv
+X<newSViv>
-Untaints an SV. Be I<very> careful with this routine, as it short-circuits
-some of Perl's fundamental security features. XS module authors should not
-use this function unless they fully understand all the implications of
-unconditionally untainting the value. Untainting should be done in the
-standard perl fashion, via a carefully crafted regexp, rather than directly
-untainting variables.
+Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1.
- void SvTAINTED_off(SV* sv)
+ SV* newSViv(IV i)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvTAINTED_on
+=item newSVnv
+X<newSVnv>
-Marks an SV as tainted.
+Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
+The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
- void SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv)
+ SV* newSVnv(NV n)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvTRUE
+=item newSVpv
+X<newSVpv>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether Perl would evaluate the SV as true or
-false, defined or undefined. Does not handle 'get' magic.
+Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
+strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
- bool SvTRUE(SV* sv)
+ SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item svtype
+=item newSVpvf
+X<newSVpvf>
-An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
-in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
+Creates a new SV and initializes it with the string formatted like
+C<sprintf>.
+
+ SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvTYPE
+=item newSVpvn
+X<newSVpvn>
-Returns the type of the SV. See C<svtype>.
+Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
+string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
+C<len> bytes long. If the C<s> argument is NULL the new SV will be undefined.
- svtype SvTYPE(SV* sv)
+ SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_IV
+=item newSVpvn_share
+X<newSVpvn_share>
-Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Creates a new SV with its SvPVX_const pointing to a shared string in the string
+table. If the string does not already exist in the table, it is created
+first. Turns on READONLY and FAKE. The string's hash is stored in the UV
+slot of the SV; if the C<hash> parameter is non-zero, that value is used;
+otherwise the hash is computed. The idea here is that as the string table
+is used for shared hash keys these strings will have SvPVX_const == HeKEY and
+hash lookup will avoid string compare.
+
+ SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_NV
+=item newSVrv
+X<newSVrv>
-Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
+it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
+be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
+reference count is 1.
+
+ SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_PV
+=item newSVsv
+X<newSVsv>
-Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
+(Uses C<sv_setsv>).
+
+ SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_PVAV
+=item newSVuv
+X<newSVuv>
-Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
+Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
+The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+
+ SV* newSVuv(UV u)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_PVCV
+=item sv_2bool
+X<sv_2bool>
-Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
+This function is only called on magical items, and is only used by
+sv_true() or its macro equivalent.
+
+ bool sv_2bool(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_PVHV
+=item sv_2cv
+X<sv_2cv>
-Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
+Using various gambits, try to get a CV from an SV; in addition, try if
+possible to set C<*st> and C<*gvp> to the stash and GV associated with it.
+The flags in C<lref> are passed to sv_fetchsv.
+
+ CV* sv_2cv(SV* sv, HV** st, GV** gvp, I32 lref)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_PVMG
+=item sv_2io
+X<sv_2io>
-Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Using various gambits, try to get an IO from an SV: the IO slot if its a
+GV; or the recursive result if we're an RV; or the IO slot of the symbol
+named after the PV if we're a string.
+
+ IO* sv_2io(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUOK
+=item sv_2iv_flags
+X<sv_2iv_flags>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
+Return the integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
+conversion. If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first.
+Normally used via the C<SvIV(sv)> and C<SvIVx(sv)> macros.
- void SvUOK(SV* sv)
+ IV sv_2iv_flags(SV* sv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUPGRADE
+=item sv_2mortal
+X<sv_2mortal>
-Used to upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Uses C<sv_upgrade> to
-perform the upgrade if necessary. See C<svtype>.
+Marks an existing SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed "soon", either
+by an explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
+statement boundaries. SvTEMP() is turned on which means that the SV's
+string buffer can be "stolen" if this SV is copied. See also C<sv_newmortal>
+and C<sv_mortalcopy>.
- void SvUPGRADE(SV* sv, svtype type)
+ SV* sv_2mortal(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUTF8
+=item sv_2nv
+X<sv_2nv>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains UTF-8 encoded data.
+Return the num value of an SV, doing any necessary string or integer
+conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvNV(sv)> and C<SvNVx(sv)>
+macros.
- void SvUTF8(SV* sv)
+ NV sv_2nv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUTF8_off
+=item sv_2pvbyte
+X<sv_2pvbyte>
-Unsets the UTF8 status of an SV.
+Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
+to its length. May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF-8 as a
+side-effect.
- void SvUTF8_off(SV *sv)
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvbyte(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUTF8_on
+=item sv_2pvutf8
+X<sv_2pvutf8>
-Turn on the UTF8 status of an SV (the data is not changed, just the flag).
-Do not use frivolously.
+Return a pointer to the UTF-8-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
+to its length. May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF-8 as a side-effect.
- void SvUTF8_on(SV *sv)
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvutf8(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUV
+=item sv_2pv_flags
+X<sv_2pv_flags>
-Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it.
+Returns a pointer to the string value of an SV, and sets *lp to its length.
+If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first. Coerces sv to a string
+if necessary.
+Normally invoked via the C<SvPV_flags> macro. C<sv_2pv()> and C<sv_2pv_nomg>
+usually end up here too.
- UV SvUV(SV* sv)
+ char* sv_2pv_flags(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUVX
+=item sv_2uv_flags
+X<sv_2uv_flags>
-Returns the unsigned integer which is stored in the SV, assuming SvIOK is
-true.
+Return the unsigned integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
+conversion. If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first.
+Normally used via the C<SvUV(sv)> and C<SvUVx(sv)> macros.
- UV SvUVX(SV* sv)
+ UV sv_2uv_flags(SV* sv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_2mortal
+=item sv_backoff
+X<sv_backoff>
-Marks an SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed when the current context
-ends.
+Remove any string offset. You should normally use the C<SvOOK_off> macro
+wrapper instead.
- SV* sv_2mortal(SV* sv)
+ int sv_backoff(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_bless
+X<sv_bless>
Blesses an SV into a specified package. The SV must be an RV. The package
must be designated by its stash (see C<gv_stashpv()>). The reference count
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_catpv
+X<sv_catpv>
Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV.
-If the SV has the UTF8 status set, then the bytes appended should be
-valid UTF8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpv_mg>.
+If the SV has the UTF-8 status set, then the bytes appended should be
+valid UTF-8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpv_mg>.
void sv_catpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_catpvf
+X<sv_catpvf>
Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and appends the formatted
output to an SV. If the appended data contains "wide" characters
(including, but not limited to, SVs with a UTF-8 PV formatted with %s,
and characters >255 formatted with %c), the original SV might get
-upgraded to UTF-8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic.
-C<SvSETMAGIC()> must typically be called after calling this function
-to handle 'set' magic.
+upgraded to UTF-8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See
+C<sv_catpvf_mg>. If the original SV was UTF-8, the pattern should be
+valid UTF-8; if the original SV was bytes, the pattern should be too.
void sv_catpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_catpvf_mg
+X<sv_catpvf_mg>
Like C<sv_catpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_catpvn
+X<sv_catpvn>
Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
-C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF8
-status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF8.
+C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF-8
+status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF-8.
Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpvn_mg>.
void sv_catpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_catpvn_flags
+X<sv_catpvn_flags>
Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
-C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF8
-status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF8.
+C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF-8
+status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF-8.
If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<dsv> if
appropriate, else not. C<sv_catpvn> and C<sv_catpvn_nomg> are implemented
in terms of this function.
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_catpvn_mg
-
-Like C<sv_catpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
-
- void sv_catpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
=item sv_catpv_mg
+X<sv_catpv_mg>
Like C<sv_catpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_catsv
+X<sv_catsv>
Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. Handles 'get' magic, but
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_catsv_flags
+X<sv_catsv_flags>
Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC>
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_catsv_mg
-
-Like C<sv_catsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
-
- void sv_catsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
=item sv_chop
+X<sv_chop>
Efficient removal of characters from the beginning of the string buffer.
SvPOK(sv) must be true and the C<ptr> must be a pointer to somewhere inside
the string buffer. The C<ptr> becomes the first character of the adjusted
-string.
+string. Uses the "OOK hack".
+Beware: after this function returns, C<ptr> and SvPVX_const(sv) may no longer
+refer to the same chunk of data.
- void sv_chop(SV* sv, char* ptr)
+ void sv_chop(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_clear
+X<sv_clear>
-Clear an SV, making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the SV
-itself.
+Clear an SV: call any destructors, free up any memory used by the body,
+and free the body itself. The SV's head is I<not> freed, although
+its type is set to all 1's so that it won't inadvertently be assumed
+to be live during global destruction etc.
+This function should only be called when REFCNT is zero. Most of the time
+you'll want to call C<sv_free()> (or its macro wrapper C<SvREFCNT_dec>)
+instead.
void sv_clear(SV* sv)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_cmp
+X<sv_cmp>
Compares the strings in two SVs. Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the
string in C<sv1> is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in
-C<sv2>.
+C<sv2>. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
+coerce its args to strings if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp_locale>.
I32 sv_cmp(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_cmp_locale
+X<sv_cmp_locale>
-Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. See
-L</sv_cmp_locale>
+Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. Is UTF-8 and
+'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will coerce its args to strings
+if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp_locale>. See also C<sv_cmp>.
I32 sv_cmp_locale(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_dec
+=item sv_collxfrm
+X<sv_collxfrm>
-Auto-decrement of the value in the SV.
+Add Collate Transform magic to an SV if it doesn't already have it.
- void sv_dec(SV* sv)
+Any scalar variable may carry PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm magic that contains the
+scalar data of the variable, but transformed to such a format that a normal
+memory comparison can be used to compare the data according to the locale
+settings.
+
+ char* sv_collxfrm(SV* sv, STRLEN* nxp)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_derived_from
+=item sv_copypv
+X<sv_copypv>
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is derived from the specified
-class. This is the function that implements C<UNIVERSAL::isa>. It works
-for class names as well as for objects.
+Copies a stringified representation of the source SV into the
+destination SV. Automatically performs any necessary mg_get and
+coercion of numeric values into strings. Guaranteed to preserve
+UTF-8 flag even from overloaded objects. Similar in nature to
+sv_2pv[_flags] but operates directly on an SV instead of just the
+string. Mostly uses sv_2pv_flags to do its work, except when that
+would lose the UTF-8'ness of the PV.
- bool sv_derived_from(SV* sv, const char* name)
+ void sv_copypv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_dec
+X<sv_dec>
+
+Auto-decrement of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
+if necessary. Handles 'get' magic.
+
+ void sv_dec(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file universal.c
+Found in file sv.c
=item sv_eq
+X<sv_eq>
Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are
-identical.
+identical. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
+coerce its args to strings if necessary.
I32 sv_eq(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_free
+=item sv_force_normal_flags
+X<sv_force_normal_flags>
-Free the memory used by an SV.
+Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
+a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
+an xpvmg; if we're a copy-on-write scalar, this is the on-write time when
+we do the copy, and is also used locally. If C<SV_COW_DROP_PV> is set
+then a copy-on-write scalar drops its PV buffer (if any) and becomes
+SvPOK_off rather than making a copy. (Used where this scalar is about to be
+set to some other value.) In addition, the C<flags> parameter gets passed to
+C<sv_unref_flags()> when unrefing. C<sv_force_normal> calls this function
+with flags set to 0.
- void sv_free(SV* sv)
+ void sv_force_normal_flags(SV *sv, U32 flags)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_getcwd
+=item sv_free
+X<sv_free>
-Fill the sv with current working directory
+Decrement an SV's reference count, and if it drops to zero, call
+C<sv_clear> to invoke destructors and free up any memory used by
+the body; finally, deallocate the SV's head itself.
+Normally called via a wrapper macro C<SvREFCNT_dec>.
- int sv_getcwd(SV* sv)
+ void sv_free(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file sv.c
=item sv_gets
+X<sv_gets>
Get a line from the filehandle and store it into the SV, optionally
appending to the currently-stored string.
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_grow
+X<sv_grow>
-Expands the character buffer in the SV. This will use C<sv_unref> and will
-upgrade the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
-Use C<SvGROW>.
+Expands the character buffer in the SV. If necessary, uses C<sv_unref> and
+upgrades the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
+Use the C<SvGROW> wrapper instead.
char* sv_grow(SV* sv, STRLEN newlen)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_inc
+X<sv_inc>
-Auto-increment of the value in the SV.
+Auto-increment of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
+if necessary. Handles 'get' magic.
void sv_inc(SV* sv)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_insert
+X<sv_insert>
Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the SV. Similar to
the Perl substr() function.
- void sv_insert(SV* bigsv, STRLEN offset, STRLEN len, char* little, STRLEN littlelen)
+ void sv_insert(SV* bigsv, STRLEN offset, STRLEN len, const char* little, STRLEN littlelen)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_isa
+X<sv_isa>
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is blessed into the specified
class. This does not check for subtypes; use C<sv_derived_from> to verify
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_isobject
+X<sv_isobject>
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is an RV pointing to a blessed
object. If the SV is not an RV, or if the object is not blessed, then this
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_len
+X<sv_len>
-Returns the length of the string in the SV. See also C<SvCUR>.
+Returns the length of the string in the SV. Handles magic and type
+coercion. See also C<SvCUR>, which gives raw access to the xpv_cur slot.
STRLEN sv_len(SV* sv)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_len_utf8
+X<sv_len_utf8>
Returns the number of characters in the string in an SV, counting wide
-UTF8 bytes as a single character.
+UTF-8 bytes as a single character. Handles magic and type coercion.
STRLEN sv_len_utf8(SV* sv)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_magic
+X<sv_magic>
+
+Adds magic to an SV. First upgrades C<sv> to type C<SVt_PVMG> if necessary,
+then adds a new magic item of type C<how> to the head of the magic list.
+
+See C<sv_magicext> (which C<sv_magic> now calls) for a description of the
+handling of the C<name> and C<namlen> arguments.
-Adds magic to an SV.
+You need to use C<sv_magicext> to add magic to SvREADONLY SVs and also
+to add more than one instance of the same 'how'.
void sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_magicext
+X<sv_magicext>
+
+Adds magic to an SV, upgrading it if necessary. Applies the
+supplied vtable and returns a pointer to the magic added.
+
+Note that C<sv_magicext> will allow things that C<sv_magic> will not.
+In particular, you can add magic to SvREADONLY SVs, and add more than
+one instance of the same 'how'.
+
+If C<namlen> is greater than zero then a C<savepvn> I<copy> of C<name> is
+stored, if C<namlen> is zero then C<name> is stored as-is and - as another
+special case - if C<(name && namlen == HEf_SVKEY)> then C<name> is assumed
+to contain an C<SV*> and is stored as-is with its REFCNT incremented.
+
+(This is now used as a subroutine by C<sv_magic>.)
+
+ MAGIC * sv_magicext(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, MGVTBL *vtbl, const char* name, I32 namlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_mortalcopy
+X<sv_mortalcopy>
-Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV. The new SV is marked
-as mortal.
+Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV (using C<sv_setsv>).
+The new SV is marked as mortal. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an
+explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
+statement boundaries. See also C<sv_newmortal> and C<sv_2mortal>.
SV* sv_mortalcopy(SV* oldsv)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_newmortal
+X<sv_newmortal>
-Creates a new SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is set to 1.
+Creates a new null SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is
+set to 1. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an explicit call to
+FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as statement boundaries.
+See also C<sv_mortalcopy> and C<sv_2mortal>.
SV* sv_newmortal()
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_newref
+X<sv_newref>
+
+Increment an SV's reference count. Use the C<SvREFCNT_inc()> wrapper
+instead.
+
+ SV* sv_newref(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_pos_b2u
+X<sv_pos_b2u>
+
+Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of bytes from the
+start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of UTF-8 chars.
+Handles magic and type coercion.
+
+ void sv_pos_b2u(SV* sv, I32* offsetp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_pos_u2b
+X<sv_pos_u2b>
+
+Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of UTF-8 chars from
+the start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of bytes; if
+lenp is non-zero, it does the same to lenp, but this time starting from
+the offset, rather than from the start of the string. Handles magic and
+type coercion.
+
+ void sv_pos_u2b(SV* sv, I32* offsetp, I32* lenp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_pvbyten_force
+X<sv_pvbyten_force>
+
+The backend for the C<SvPVbytex_force> macro. Always use the macro instead.
+
+ char* sv_pvbyten_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_pvn_force
+X<sv_pvn_force>
Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
+A private implementation of the C<SvPV_force> macro for compilers which
+can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
char* sv_pvn_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_pvn_force_flags
+X<sv_pvn_force_flags>
Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if
appropriate, else not. C<sv_pvn_force> and C<sv_pvn_force_nomg> are
implemented in terms of this function.
+You normally want to use the various wrapper macros instead: see
+C<SvPV_force> and C<SvPV_force_nomg>
char* sv_pvn_force_flags(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp, I32 flags)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_pvutf8n_force
+X<sv_pvutf8n_force>
-Get a sensible UTF8-encoded string out of the SV somehow. See
-L</sv_pvn_force>.
+The backend for the C<SvPVutf8x_force> macro. Always use the macro instead.
char* sv_pvutf8n_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_realpath
-
-Wrap or emulate realpath(3).
-
- int sv_realpath(SV* sv, char *path, STRLEN len)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
-
=item sv_reftype
+X<sv_reftype>
Returns a string describing what the SV is a reference to.
- char* sv_reftype(SV* sv, int ob)
+ char* sv_reftype(const SV* sv, int ob)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_replace
+X<sv_replace>
Make the first argument a copy of the second, then delete the original.
+The target SV physically takes over ownership of the body of the source SV
+and inherits its flags; however, the target keeps any magic it owns,
+and any magic in the source is discarded.
+Note that this is a rather specialist SV copying operation; most of the
+time you'll want to use C<sv_setsv> or one of its many macro front-ends.
void sv_replace(SV* sv, SV* nsv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_reset
+X<sv_reset>
+
+Underlying implementation for the C<reset> Perl function.
+Note that the perl-level function is vaguely deprecated.
+
+ void sv_reset(const char* s, HV* stash)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_rvweaken
+X<sv_rvweaken>
-Weaken a reference.
+Weaken a reference: set the C<SvWEAKREF> flag on this RV; give the
+referred-to SV C<PERL_MAGIC_backref> magic if it hasn't already; and
+push a back-reference to this RV onto the array of backreferences
+associated with that magic.
SV* sv_rvweaken(SV *sv)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setiv
+X<sv_setiv>
-Copies an integer into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See
-C<sv_setiv_mg>.
+Copies an integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setiv_mg>.
void sv_setiv(SV* sv, IV num)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setiv_mg
+X<sv_setiv_mg>
Like C<sv_setiv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setnv
+X<sv_setnv>
-Copies a double into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See
-C<sv_setnv_mg>.
+Copies a double into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setnv_mg>.
void sv_setnv(SV* sv, NV num)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setnv_mg
+X<sv_setnv_mg>
Like C<sv_setnv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setpv
+X<sv_setpv>
Copies a string into an SV. The string must be null-terminated. Does not
handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpv_mg>.
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setpvf
+X<sv_setpvf>
-Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and sets an SV to the formatted
-output. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
+Works like C<sv_catpvf> but copies the text into the SV instead of
+appending it. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
void sv_setpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setpvf_mg
+X<sv_setpvf_mg>
Like C<sv_setpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setpviv
+X<sv_setpviv>
Copies an integer into the given SV, also updating its string value.
Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpviv_mg>.
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setpviv_mg
+X<sv_setpviv_mg>
Like C<sv_setpviv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setpvn
+X<sv_setpvn>
Copies a string into an SV. The C<len> parameter indicates the number of
-bytes to be copied. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvn_mg>.
+bytes to be copied. If the C<ptr> argument is NULL the SV will become
+undefined. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvn_mg>.
void sv_setpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setpvn_mg
+X<sv_setpvn_mg>
Like C<sv_setpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setpv_mg
+X<sv_setpv_mg>
Like C<sv_setpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setref_iv
+X<sv_setref_iv>
Copies an integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
-blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+blessing. Set C<classname> to C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
+will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
SV* sv_setref_iv(SV* rv, const char* classname, IV iv)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setref_nv
+X<sv_setref_nv>
Copies a double into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
-blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+blessing. Set C<classname> to C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
+will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
SV* sv_setref_nv(SV* rv, const char* classname, NV nv)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setref_pv
+X<sv_setref_pv>
Copies a pointer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
the new SV. If the C<pv> argument is NULL then C<PL_sv_undef> will be placed
into the SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
-blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+blessing. Set C<classname> to C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
+will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
Do not use with other Perl types such as HV, AV, SV, CV, because those
objects will become corrupted by the pointer copy process.
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setref_pvn
+X<sv_setref_pvn>
Copies a string into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The length of the
string must be specified with C<n>. The C<rv> argument will be upgraded to
an RV. That RV will be modified to point to the new SV. The C<classname>
argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set C<classname> to
-C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have
-a reference count of 1.
+C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV will have a reference count
+of 1, and the RV will be returned.
Note that C<sv_setref_pv> copies the pointer while this copies the string.
- SV* sv_setref_pvn(SV* rv, const char* classname, char* pv, STRLEN n)
+ SV* sv_setref_pvn(SV* rv, const char* classname, const char* pv, STRLEN n)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setref_uv
+X<sv_setref_uv>
Copies an unsigned integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
-blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+blessing. Set C<classname> to C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
+will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
SV* sv_setref_uv(SV* rv, const char* classname, UV uv)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setsv
+X<sv_setsv>
+
+Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
+C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
+function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
+Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
+content of the destination.
-Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV C<dsv>.
-The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal. Does not handle 'set'
-magic. See the macro forms C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal> and
-C<sv_setsv_mg>.
+You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
+C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
+C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
void sv_setsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setsv_flags
+X<sv_setsv_flags>
-Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV C<dsv>.
-The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal. Does not handle 'set'
-magic. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<ssv> if
-appropriate, else not. C<sv_setsv> and C<sv_setsv_nomg> are implemented
-in terms of this function.
+Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
+C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
+function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
+Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
+content of the destination.
+If the C<flags> parameter has the C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on
+C<ssv> if appropriate, else not. If the C<flags> parameter has the
+C<NOSTEAL> bit set then the buffers of temps will not be stolen. <sv_setsv>
+and C<sv_setsv_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
+
+You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
+C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
+C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
+
+This is the primary function for copying scalars, and most other
+copy-ish functions and macros use this underneath.
void sv_setsv_flags(SV* dsv, SV* ssv, I32 flags)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setsv_mg
+X<sv_setsv_mg>
Like C<sv_setsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setuv
+X<sv_setuv>
-Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic.
-See C<sv_setuv_mg>.
+Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setuv_mg>.
void sv_setuv(SV* sv, UV num)
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_setuv_mg
+X<sv_setuv_mg>
Like C<sv_setuv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_true
-
-Returns true if the SV has a true value by Perl's rules.
+=item sv_tainted
+X<sv_tainted>
- I32 sv_true(SV *sv)
+Test an SV for taintedness. Use C<SvTAINTED> instead.
+ bool sv_tainted(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_unmagic
+=item sv_true
+X<sv_true>
-Removes magic from an SV.
+Returns true if the SV has a true value by Perl's rules.
+Use the C<SvTRUE> macro instead, which may call C<sv_true()> or may
+instead use an in-line version.
- int sv_unmagic(SV* sv, int type)
+ I32 sv_true(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_unref
+=item sv_unmagic
+X<sv_unmagic>
-Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of
-whatever was being referenced by the RV. This can almost be thought of
-as a reversal of C<newSVrv>. This is C<sv_unref_flags> with the C<flag>
-being zero. See C<SvROK_off>.
+Removes all magic of type C<type> from an SV.
- void sv_unref(SV* sv)
+ int sv_unmagic(SV* sv, int type)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_unref_flags
+X<sv_unref_flags>
Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of
whatever was being referenced by the RV. This can almost be thought of
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_upgrade
+=item sv_untaint
+X<sv_untaint>
+
+Untaint an SV. Use C<SvTAINTED_off> instead.
+ void sv_untaint(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_upgrade
+X<sv_upgrade>
+
+Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Generally adds a new body type to the
+SV, then copies across as much information as possible from the old body.
+You generally want to use the C<SvUPGRADE> macro wrapper. See also C<svtype>.
+
+ void sv_upgrade(SV* sv, U32 mt)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_usepvn_flags
+X<sv_usepvn_flags>
+
+Tells an SV to use C<ptr> to find its string value. Normally the
+string is stored inside the SV but sv_usepvn allows the SV to use an
+outside string. The C<ptr> should point to memory that was allocated
+by C<malloc>. The string length, C<len>, must be supplied. By default
+this function will realloc (i.e. move) the memory pointed to by C<ptr>,
+so that pointer should not be freed or used by the programmer after
+giving it to sv_usepvn, and neither should any pointers from "behind"
+that pointer (e.g. ptr + 1) be used.
+
+If C<flags> & SV_SMAGIC is true, will call SvSETMAGIC. If C<flags> &
+SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL is true, then C<ptr[len]> must be NUL, and the realloc
+will be skipped. (i.e. the buffer is actually at least 1 byte longer than
+C<len>, and already meets the requirements for storing in C<SvPVX>)
+
+ void sv_usepvn_flags(SV* sv, char* ptr, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_utf8_decode
+X<sv_utf8_decode>
+
+If the PV of the SV is an octet sequence in UTF-8
+and contains a multiple-byte character, the C<SvUTF8> flag is turned on
+so that it looks like a character. If the PV contains only single-byte
+characters, the C<SvUTF8> flag stays being off.
+Scans PV for validity and returns false if the PV is invalid UTF-8.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ bool sv_utf8_decode(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_utf8_downgrade
+X<sv_utf8_downgrade>
+
+Attempts to convert the PV of an SV from characters to bytes.
+If the PV contains a character beyond byte, this conversion will fail;
+in this case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
+true, croaks.
+
+This is not as a general purpose Unicode to byte encoding interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ bool sv_utf8_downgrade(SV *sv, bool fail_ok)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_utf8_encode
+X<sv_utf8_encode>
+
+Converts the PV of an SV to UTF-8, but then turns the C<SvUTF8>
+flag off so that it looks like octets again.
+
+ void sv_utf8_encode(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_utf8_upgrade
+X<sv_utf8_upgrade>
+
+Converts the PV of an SV to its UTF-8-encoded form.
+Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
+Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
+if all the bytes have hibit clear.
+
+This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
+ STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_utf8_upgrade_flags
+X<sv_utf8_upgrade_flags>
+
+Converts the PV of an SV to its UTF-8-encoded form.
+Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
+Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
+if all the bytes have hibit clear. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set,
+will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_utf8_upgrade> and
+C<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
+
+This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
+ STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(SV *sv, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_vcatpvf
+X<sv_vcatpvf>
+
+Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
+to an SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_vcatpvf_mg>.
+
+Usually used via its frontend C<sv_catpvf>.
+
+ void sv_vcatpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, va_list* args)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_vcatpvfn
+X<sv_vcatpvfn>
+
+Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
+to an SV. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is
+missing (NULL). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via
+C<maybe_tainted> if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of
+locales).
+
+Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_vcatpvf> and C<sv_vcatpvf_mg>.
+
+ void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_vcatpvf_mg
+X<sv_vcatpvf_mg>
+
+Like C<sv_vcatpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+
+Usually used via its frontend C<sv_catpvf_mg>.
+
+ void sv_vcatpvf_mg(SV* sv, const char* pat, va_list* args)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_vsetpvf
+X<sv_vsetpvf>
+
+Works like C<sv_vcatpvf> but copies the text into the SV instead of
+appending it. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_vsetpvf_mg>.
+
+Usually used via its frontend C<sv_setpvf>.
+
+ void sv_vsetpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, va_list* args)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_vsetpvfn
+X<sv_vsetpvfn>
+
+Works like C<sv_vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
+appending it.
+
+Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_vsetpvf> and C<sv_vsetpvf_mg>.
+
+ void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_vsetpvf_mg
+X<sv_vsetpvf_mg>
+
+Like C<sv_vsetpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+
+Usually used via its frontend C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
+
+ void sv_vsetpvf_mg(SV* sv, const char* pat, va_list* args)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Unicode Support
+
+=over 8
+
+=item bytes_from_utf8
+X<bytes_from_utf8>
+
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF-8 into byte encoding.
+Unlike C<utf8_to_bytes> but like C<bytes_to_utf8>, returns a pointer to
+the newly-created string, and updates C<len> to contain the new
+length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, C<len>
+is unchanged. Do nothing if C<is_utf8> points to 0. Sets C<is_utf8> to
+0 if C<s> is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ U8* bytes_from_utf8(const U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item bytes_to_utf8
+X<bytes_to_utf8>
+
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF-8 encoding.
+Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
+reflect the new length.
+
+If you want to convert to UTF-8 from other encodings than ASCII,
+see sv_recode_to_utf8().
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ U8* bytes_to_utf8(const U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item ibcmp_utf8
+X<ibcmp_utf8>
+
+Return true if the strings s1 and s2 differ case-insensitively, false
+if not (if they are equal case-insensitively). If u1 is true, the
+string s1 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u2 is true,
+the string s2 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u1 or u2
+are false, the respective string is assumed to be in native 8-bit
+encoding.
+
+If the pe1 and pe2 are non-NULL, the scanning pointers will be copied
+in there (they will point at the beginning of the I<next> character).
+If the pointers behind pe1 or pe2 are non-NULL, they are the end
+pointers beyond which scanning will not continue under any
+circumstances. If the byte lengths l1 and l2 are non-zero, s1+l1 and
+s2+l2 will be used as goal end pointers that will also stop the scan,
+and which qualify towards defining a successful match: all the scans
+that define an explicit length must reach their goal pointers for
+a match to succeed).
+
+For case-insensitiveness, the "casefolding" of Unicode is used
+instead of upper/lowercasing both the characters, see
+http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/ (Case Mappings).
+
+ I32 ibcmp_utf8(const char* a, char **pe1, UV l1, bool u1, const char* b, char **pe2, UV l2, bool u2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item is_utf8_char
+X<is_utf8_char>
+
+Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8
+character. Note that an INVARIANT (i.e. ASCII) character is a valid
+UTF-8 character. The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character
+will be returned if it is valid, otherwise 0.
+
+ STRLEN is_utf8_char(const U8 *p)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item is_utf8_string
+X<is_utf8_string>
+
+Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form a valid
+UTF-8 string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid UTF-8 string' does
+not mean 'a string that contains code points above 0x7F encoded in UTF-8'
+because a valid ASCII string is a valid UTF-8 string.
-Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Use C<SvUPGRADE>. See
-C<svtype>.
+See also is_utf8_string_loclen() and is_utf8_string_loc().
- bool sv_upgrade(SV* sv, U32 mt)
+ bool is_utf8_string(const U8 *s, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_usepvn
+=item is_utf8_string_loc
+X<is_utf8_string_loc>
-Tells an SV to use C<ptr> to find its string value. Normally the string is
-stored inside the SV but sv_usepvn allows the SV to use an outside string.
-The C<ptr> should point to memory that was allocated by C<malloc>. The
-string length, C<len>, must be supplied. This function will realloc the
-memory pointed to by C<ptr>, so that pointer should not be freed or used by
-the programmer after giving it to sv_usepvn. Does not handle 'set' magic.
-See C<sv_usepvn_mg>.
+Like is_utf8_string() but stores the location of the failure (in the
+case of "utf8ness failure") or the location s+len (in the case of
+"utf8ness success") in the C<ep>.
- void sv_usepvn(SV* sv, char* ptr, STRLEN len)
+See also is_utf8_string_loclen() and is_utf8_string().
+
+ bool is_utf8_string_loc(const U8 *s, STRLEN len, const U8 **p)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_usepvn_mg
+=item is_utf8_string_loclen
+X<is_utf8_string_loclen>
-Like C<sv_usepvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+Like is_utf8_string() but stores the location of the failure (in the
+case of "utf8ness failure") or the location s+len (in the case of
+"utf8ness success") in the C<ep>, and the number of UTF-8
+encoded characters in the C<el>.
- void sv_usepvn_mg(SV *sv, char *ptr, STRLEN len)
+See also is_utf8_string_loc() and is_utf8_string().
+
+ bool is_utf8_string_loclen(const U8 *s, STRLEN len, const U8 **ep, STRLEN *el)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_utf8_decode
+=item pv_uni_display
+X<pv_uni_display>
-Convert the octets in the PV from UTF-8 to chars. Scan for validity and then
-turn of SvUTF8 if needed so that we see characters. Used as a building block
-for decode_utf8 in Encode.xs
+Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the string spv,
+length len, the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
+(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
-NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
-removed without notice.
+The flags argument can have UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT set to display
+isPRINT()able characters as themselves, UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH
+to display the \\[nrfta\\] as the backslashed versions (like '\n')
+(UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH is preferred over UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT for \\).
+UNI_DISPLAY_QQ (and its alias UNI_DISPLAY_REGEX) have both
+UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH and UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT turned on.
- bool sv_utf8_decode(SV *sv)
+The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
+
+ char* pv_uni_display(SV *dsv, const U8 *spv, STRLEN len, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_utf8_downgrade
+=item sv_cat_decode
+X<sv_cat_decode>
-Attempt to convert the PV of an SV from UTF8-encoded to byte encoding.
-This may not be possible if the PV contains non-byte encoding characters;
-if this is the case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
-true, croaks.
+The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, the PV of the ssv is
+assumed to be octets in that encoding and decoding the input starts
+from the position which (PV + *offset) pointed to. The dsv will be
+concatenated the decoded UTF-8 string from ssv. Decoding will terminate
+when the string tstr appears in decoding output or the input ends on
+the PV of the ssv. The value which the offset points will be modified
+to the last input position on the ssv.
-NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
-removed without notice.
+Returns TRUE if the terminator was found, else returns FALSE.
- bool sv_utf8_downgrade(SV *sv, bool fail_ok)
+ bool sv_cat_decode(SV* dsv, SV *encoding, SV *ssv, int *offset, char* tstr, int tlen)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_utf8_encode
+=item sv_recode_to_utf8
+X<sv_recode_to_utf8>
-Convert the PV of an SV to UTF8-encoded, but then turn off the C<SvUTF8>
-flag so that it looks like octets again. Used as a building block
-for encode_utf8 in Encode.xs
+The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, on entry the PV
+of the sv is assumed to be octets in that encoding, and the sv
+will be converted into Unicode (and UTF-8).
- void sv_utf8_encode(SV *sv)
+If the sv already is UTF-8 (or if it is not POK), or if the encoding
+is not a reference, nothing is done to the sv. If the encoding is not
+an C<Encode::XS> Encoding object, bad things will happen.
+(See F<lib/encoding.pm> and L<Encode>).
+
+The PV of the sv is returned.
+
+ char* sv_recode_to_utf8(SV* sv, SV *encoding)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_utf8_upgrade
+=item sv_uni_display
+X<sv_uni_display>
-Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
-Forces the SV to string form it it is not already.
-Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
-if all the bytes have hibit clear.
+Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the scalar sv,
+the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
+(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
- STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv)
+The flags argument is as in pv_uni_display().
+
+The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
+
+ char* sv_uni_display(SV *dsv, SV *ssv, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_utf8_upgrade_flags
+=item to_utf8_case
+X<to_utf8_case>
-Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
-Forces the SV to string form it it is not already.
-Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
-if all the bytes have hibit clear. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set,
-will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_utf8_upgrade> and
-C<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
+The "p" contains the pointer to the UTF-8 string encoding
+the character that is being converted.
- STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(SV *sv, I32 flags)
+The "ustrp" is a pointer to the character buffer to put the
+conversion result to. The "lenp" is a pointer to the length
+of the result.
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+The "swashp" is a pointer to the swash to use.
-=item sv_vcatpvfn
+Both the special and normal mappings are stored lib/unicore/To/Foo.pl,
+and loaded by SWASHNEW, using lib/utf8_heavy.pl. The special (usually,
+but not always, a multicharacter mapping), is tried first.
-Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
-to an SV. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is
-missing (NULL). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via
-C<maybe_tainted> if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of
-locales).
+The "special" is a string like "utf8::ToSpecLower", which means the
+hash %utf8::ToSpecLower. The access to the hash is through
+Perl_to_utf8_case().
- void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+The "normal" is a string like "ToLower" which means the swash
+%utf8::ToLower.
+
+ UV to_utf8_case(const U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp, SV **swashp, const char *normal, const char *special)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_vsetpvfn
+=item to_utf8_fold
+X<to_utf8_fold>
-Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
-appending it.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its foldcase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1 bytes since the
+foldcase version may be longer than the original character (up to
+three characters).
- void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+The first character of the foldcased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_fold(const U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item THIS
+=item to_utf8_lower
+X<to_utf8_lower>
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
-XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
-L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its lowercase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1 bytes since the
+lowercase version may be longer than the original character.
- (whatever) THIS
+The first character of the lowercased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_lower(const U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item toLOWER
+=item to_utf8_title
+X<to_utf8_title>
-Converts the specified character to lowercase.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its titlecase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1 bytes since the
+titlecase version may be longer than the original character.
- char toLOWER(char ch)
+The first character of the titlecased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_title(const U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item toUPPER
+=item to_utf8_upper
+X<to_utf8_upper>
-Converts the specified character to uppercase.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its uppercase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1 bytes since
+the uppercase version may be longer than the original character.
- char toUPPER(char ch)
+The first character of the uppercased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_upper(const U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file utf8.c
=item utf8n_to_uvchr
+X<utf8n_to_uvchr>
-Returns the native character value of the first character in the string C<s>
-which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
+flags
+
+Returns the native character value of the first character in the string
+C<s>
+which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
length, in bytes, of that character.
Allows length and flags to be passed to low level routine.
- UV utf8n_to_uvchr(U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN* retlen, U32 flags)
+ UV utf8n_to_uvchr(const U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN *retlen, U32 flags)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
=item utf8n_to_uvuni
+X<utf8n_to_uvuni>
Bottom level UTF-8 decode routine.
Returns the unicode code point value of the first character in the string C<s>
-which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding and no longer than C<curlen>;
+which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding and no longer than C<curlen>;
C<retlen> will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
-If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, the behaviour
+If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF-8 character, the behaviour
is dependent on the value of C<flags>: if it contains UTF8_CHECK_ONLY,
it is assumed that the caller will raise a warning, and this function
will silently just set C<retlen> to C<-1> and return zero. If the
Most code should use utf8_to_uvchr() rather than call this directly.
- UV utf8n_to_uvuni(U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN* retlen, U32 flags)
+ UV utf8n_to_uvuni(const U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN *retlen, U32 flags)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
=item utf8_distance
+X<utf8_distance>
-Returns the number of UTF8 characters between the UTF-8 pointers C<a>
+Returns the number of UTF-8 characters between the UTF-8 pointers C<a>
and C<b>.
WARNING: use only if you *know* that the pointers point inside the
same UTF-8 buffer.
- IV utf8_distance(U8 *a, U8 *b)
+ IV utf8_distance(const U8 *a, const U8 *b)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
=item utf8_hop
+X<utf8_hop>
Return the UTF-8 pointer C<s> displaced by C<off> characters, either
forward or backward.
the UTF-8 data pointed to by C<s> *and* that on entry C<s> is aligned
on the first byte of character or just after the last byte of a character.
- U8* utf8_hop(U8 *s, I32 off)
+ U8* utf8_hop(const U8 *s, I32 off)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
=item utf8_length
+X<utf8_length>
Return the length of the UTF-8 char encoded string C<s> in characters.
Stops at C<e> (inclusive). If C<e E<lt> s> or if the scan would end
up past C<e>, croaks.
- STRLEN utf8_length(U8* s, U8 *e)
+ STRLEN utf8_length(const U8* s, const U8 *e)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
=item utf8_to_bytes
+X<utf8_to_bytes>
-Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF-8 into byte encoding.
Unlike C<bytes_to_utf8>, this over-writes the original string, and
updates len to contain the new length.
Returns zero on failure, setting C<len> to -1.
+If you need a copy of the string, see C<bytes_from_utf8>.
+
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
removed without notice.
Found in file utf8.c
=item utf8_to_uvchr
+X<utf8_to_uvchr>
Returns the native character value of the first character in the string C<s>
-which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
+which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
length, in bytes, of that character.
-If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is
+If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF-8 character, zero is
returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
- UV utf8_to_uvchr(U8 *s, STRLEN* retlen)
+ UV utf8_to_uvchr(const U8 *s, STRLEN *retlen)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
=item utf8_to_uvuni
+X<utf8_to_uvuni>
Returns the Unicode code point of the first character in the string C<s>
-which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
+which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
length, in bytes, of that character.
This function should only be used when returned UV is considered
an index into the Unicode semantic tables (e.g. swashes).
-If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is
+If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF-8 character, zero is
returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
- UV utf8_to_uvuni(U8 *s, STRLEN* retlen)
+ UV utf8_to_uvuni(const U8 *s, STRLEN *retlen)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
=item uvchr_to_utf8
+X<uvchr_to_utf8>
-Adds the UTF8 representation of the Native codepoint C<uv> to the end
-of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
+Adds the UTF-8 representation of the Native codepoint C<uv> to the end
+of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXBYTES+1> free
bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
end of the new character. In other words,
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
-=item uvuni_to_utf8
+=item uvuni_to_utf8_flags
+X<uvuni_to_utf8_flags>
-Adds the UTF8 representation of the Unicode codepoint C<uv> to the end
-of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
+Adds the UTF-8 representation of the Unicode codepoint C<uv> to the end
+of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXBYTES+1> free
bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
end of the new character. In other words,
- d = uvuni_to_utf8(d, uv);
-
-is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
-
- *(d++) = uv;
-
- U8* uvuni_to_utf8(U8 *d, UV uv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
-
-=item warn
-
-This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Use this
-function the same way you use the C C<printf> function. See
-C<croak>.
-
- void warn(const char* pat, ...)
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, flags);
-=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
-
-=item XPUSHi
+or, in most cases,
-Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
-'set' magic. See C<PUSHi>.
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8(d, uv);
- void XPUSHi(IV iv)
+(which is equivalent to)
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, 0);
-=item XPUSHn
+is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
-Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
-'set' magic. See C<PUSHn>.
+ *(d++) = uv;
- void XPUSHn(NV nv)
+ U8* uvuni_to_utf8_flags(U8 *d, UV uv, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item XPUSHp
-Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
-indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
-C<PUSHp>.
+=back
- void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+=head1 Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+=over 8
-=item XPUSHs
+=item ax
+X<ax>
-Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
-handle 'set' magic. See C<PUSHs>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the stack base offset,
+used by the C<ST>, C<XSprePUSH> and C<XSRETURN> macros. The C<dMARK> macro
+must be called prior to setup the C<MARK> variable.
- void XPUSHs(SV* sv)
+ I32 ax
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-
-=item XPUSHu
-
-Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
-See C<PUSHu>.
-
- void XPUSHu(UV uv)
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+=item CLASS
+X<CLASS>
-=item XS
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
+class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
-Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
-C<xsubpp>.
+ char* CLASS
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN
+=item dAX
+X<dAX>
-Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
-handled by C<xsubpp>.
+Sets up the C<ax> variable.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
- void XSRETURN(int nitems)
+ dAX;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_EMPTY
+=item dAXMARK
+X<dAXMARK>
-Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
+Sets up the C<ax> variable and stack marker variable C<mark>.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
- XSRETURN_EMPTY;
+ dAXMARK;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_IV
+=item dITEMS
+X<dITEMS>
-Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
+Sets up the C<items> variable.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
- void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
+ dITEMS;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_NO
+=item dUNDERBAR
+X<dUNDERBAR>
-Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
+Sets up the C<padoff_du> variable for an XSUB that wishes to use
+C<UNDERBAR>.
- XSRETURN_NO;
+ dUNDERBAR;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_NV
+=item dXSARGS
+X<dXSARGS>
-Return an double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
+Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK.
+Sets up the C<ax> and C<items> variables by calling C<dAX> and C<dITEMS>.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
- void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
+ dXSARGS;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_PV
+=item dXSI32
+X<dXSI32>
-Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
+Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
+handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
- void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
+ dXSI32;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_UNDEF
+=item items
+X<items>
-Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
+items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
- XSRETURN_UNDEF;
+ I32 items
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_YES
+=item ix
+X<ix>
-Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
+XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
- XSRETURN_YES;
+ I32 ix
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mIV
-
-Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
-value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+=item newXSproto
+X<newXSproto>
- void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
+Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
+the subs.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mNO
+=item RETVAL
+X<RETVAL>
-Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
+XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
+L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
- void XST_mNO(int pos)
+ (whatever) RETVAL
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mNV
+=item ST
+X<ST>
-Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
-is stored in a new mortal SV.
+Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
- void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
+ SV* ST(int ix)
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mPV
+=item THIS
+X<THIS>
-Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
-The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
+XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
+L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
- void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
+ (whatever) THIS
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mUNDEF
-
-Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+=item UNDERBAR
+X<UNDERBAR>
- void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
+The SV* corresponding to the $_ variable. Works even if there
+is a lexical $_ in scope.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mYES
-
-Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+=item XS
+X<XS>
- void XST_mYES(int pos)
+Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
+C<xsubpp>.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
=item XS_VERSION
+X<XS_VERSION>
The version identifier for an XS module. This is usually
handled automatically by C<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>. See C<XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK>.
Found in file XSUB.h
=item XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
+X<XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK>
Macro to verify that a PM module's $VERSION variable matches the XS
module's C<XS_VERSION> variable. This is usually handled automatically by
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Zero
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
-destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
+=back
- void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
+=head1 Warning and Dieing
+
+=over 8
+
+=item croak
+X<croak>
+
+This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
+Normally call this function the same way you call the C C<printf>
+function. Calling C<croak> returns control directly to Perl,
+sidestepping the normal C order of execution. See C<warn>.
+
+If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
+C<$@> and then pass C<NULL> to croak():
+
+ errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
+ sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
+ croak(NULL);
+
+ void croak(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item warn
+X<warn>
+
+This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Call this
+function the same way you call the C C<printf> function. See C<croak>.
+
+ void warn(const char* pat, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
=back
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff