The listing is alphabetical, case insensitive.
+
+=head1 "Gimme" Values
+
+=over 8
+
+=item GIMME
+
+A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
+C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
+Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
+
+ U32 GIMME
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.h
+
+=item GIMME_V
+
+The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
+C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
+respectively.
+
+ U32 GIMME_V
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.h
+
+=item G_ARRAY
+
+Used to indicate list context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_DISCARD
+
+Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_EVAL
+
+Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_NOARGS
+
+Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_SCALAR
+
+Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_VOID
+
+Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Array Manipulation Functions
+
=over 8
=item AvFILL
=item av_delete
Deletes the element indexed by C<key> from the array. Returns the
-deleted element. C<flags> is currently ignored.
+deleted element. If C<flags> equals C<G_DISCARD>, the element is freed
+and null is returned.
SV* av_delete(AV* ar, I32 key, I32 flags)
=for hackers
Found in file av.c
-=item bytes_from_utf8
+=item get_av
-Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
-Unlike <utf8_to_bytes> but like C<bytes_to_utf8>, returns a pointer to
-the newly-created string, and updates C<len> to contain the new
-length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, C<len>
-is unchanged. Do nothing if C<is_utf8> points to 0. Sets C<is_utf8> to
-0 if C<s> is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
+Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
-NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
-removed without notice.
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- U8* bytes_from_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
+ AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file perl.c
-=item bytes_to_utf8
+=item newAV
-Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
-Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
-reflect the new length.
+Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
-NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
-removed without notice.
+ AV* newAV()
- U8* bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
+=for hackers
+Found in file av.c
+
+=item sortsv
+
+Sort an array. Here is an example:
+
+ sortsv(AvARRAY(av), av_len(av)+1, Perl_sv_cmp_locale);
+
+See lib/sort.pm for details about controlling the sorting algorithm.
+
+ void sortsv(SV ** array, size_t num_elts, SVCOMPARE_t cmp)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file pp_sort.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Callback Functions
+
+=over 8
=item call_argv
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item CLASS
+=item ENTER
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
-class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
+Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
- char* CLASS
+ ENTER;
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item Copy
+=item eval_pv
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
-source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
-the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
+Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
- void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+ SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
-=item croak
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
-This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
-Normally use this function the same way you use the C C<printf>
-function. See C<warn>.
+=item eval_sv
-If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
-C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
+Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
- errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
- sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
- croak(Nullch);
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- void croak(const char* pat, ...)
+ I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file perl.c
-=item CvSTASH
+=item FREETMPS
-Returns the stash of the CV.
+Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
+L<perlcall>.
- HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv)
+ FREETMPS;
=for hackers
-Found in file cv.h
-
-=item cv_const_sv
+Found in file scope.h
-If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
-value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
+=item LEAVE
-Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
-L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
+Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
- SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv)
+ LEAVE;
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
+Found in file scope.h
-=item dMARK
+=item SAVETMPS
-Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
-C<dORIGMARK>.
+Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
+L<perlcall>.
- dMARK;
+ SAVETMPS;
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item dORIGMARK
-Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
+=back
- dORIGMARK;
+=head1 Character classes
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+=over 8
-=item dSP
+=item isALNUM
-Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
-the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
+character (including underscore) or digit.
- dSP;
+ bool isALNUM(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dXSARGS
+=item isALPHA
-Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK. This
-is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>. Declares the C<items>
-variable to indicate the number of items on the stack.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
+character.
- dXSARGS;
+ bool isALPHA(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dXSI32
+=item isDIGIT
-Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
-handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
+digit.
- dXSI32;
+ bool isDIGIT(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item ENTER
+=item isLOWER
-Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
+character.
- ENTER;
+ bool isLOWER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
-
-=item eval_pv
+Found in file handy.h
-Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
+=item isSPACE
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
- SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
+ bool isSPACE(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
-
-=item eval_sv
+Found in file handy.h
-Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
+=item isUPPER
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
+character.
- I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
+ bool isUPPER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item EXTEND
+=item toLOWER
-Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
-used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
-onto the stack.
+Converts the specified character to lowercase.
- void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
+ char toLOWER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item fbm_compile
+=item toUPPER
-Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
--- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
+Converts the specified character to uppercase.
- void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
+ char toUPPER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item fbm_instr
-Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
-C<strend>. It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
-does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
-then.
+=back
- char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
+=head1 Cloning an interpreter
-=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+=over 8
-=item FREETMPS
+=item perl_clone
-Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Create and return a new interpreter by cloning the current one.
- FREETMPS;
+perl_clone takes these flags as parameters:
+
+CLONEf_COPY_STACKS - is used to, well, copy the stacks also,
+without it we only clone the data and zero the stacks,
+with it we copy the stacks and the new perl interpreter is
+ready to run at the exact same point as the previous one.
+The pseudo-fork code uses COPY_STACKS while the
+threads->new doesn't.
+
+CLONEf_KEEP_PTR_TABLE
+perl_clone keeps a ptr_table with the pointer of the old
+variable as a key and the new variable as a value,
+this allows it to check if something has been cloned and not
+clone it again but rather just use the value and increase the
+refcount. If KEEP_PTR_TABLE is not set then perl_clone will kill
+the ptr_table using the function
+C<ptr_table_free(PL_ptr_table); PL_ptr_table = NULL;>,
+reason to keep it around is if you want to dup some of your own
+variable who are outside the graph perl scans, example of this
+code is in threads.xs create
+
+CLONEf_CLONE_HOST
+This is a win32 thing, it is ignored on unix, it tells perls
+win32host code (which is c++) to clone itself, this is needed on
+win32 if you want to run two threads at the same time,
+if you just want to do some stuff in a separate perl interpreter
+and then throw it away and return to the original one,
+you don't need to do anything.
+
+ PerlInterpreter* perl_clone(PerlInterpreter* interp, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item get_av
-Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+=back
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+=head1 CV Manipulation Functions
- AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
+=over 8
+
+=item CvSTASH
+
+Returns the stash of the CV.
+
+ HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file cv.h
=item get_cv
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item get_hv
-Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+=back
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+=head1 Embedding Functions
- HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
+=over 8
+
+=item cv_undef
+
+Clear out all the active components of a CV. This can happen either
+by an explicit C<undef &foo>, or by the reference count going to zero.
+In the former case, we keep the CvOUTSIDE pointer, so that any anonymous
+children can still follow the full lexical scope chain.
+
+ void cv_undef(CV* cv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+=item load_module
+
+Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
+Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
+Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
+PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
+(or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
+similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
+arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
+method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
+
+ void load_module(U32 flags, SV* name, SV* ver, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+=item nothreadhook
+
+Stub that provides thread hook for perl_destruct when there are
+no threads.
+
+ int nothreadhook()
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item get_sv
+=item perl_alloc
-Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_construct
+
+Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_destruct
+
+Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ int perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_free
+
+Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_parse
+
+Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_run
+
+Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item require_pv
+
+Tells Perl to C<require> the file named by the string argument. It is
+analogous to the Perl code C<eval "require '$file'">. It's even
+implemented that way; consider using load_module instead.
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
+ void require_pv(const char* pv)
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item GIMME
-A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
-C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
-Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
+=back
- U32 GIMME
+=head1 Functions in file pp_pack.c
+
+
+=over 8
+
+=item packlist
+
+The engine implementing pack() Perl function.
+
+ void packlist(SV *cat, char *pat, char *patend, SV **beglist, SV **endlist)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.h
+Found in file pp_pack.c
-=item GIMME_V
+=item pack_cat
-The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
-C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
-respectively.
+The engine implementing pack() Perl function. Note: parameters next_in_list and
+flags are not used. This call should not be used; use packlist instead.
- U32 GIMME_V
+ void pack_cat(SV *cat, char *pat, char *patend, SV **beglist, SV **endlist, SV ***next_in_list, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.h
+Found in file pp_pack.c
+
+=item unpackstring
+
+The engine implementing unpack() Perl function. C<unpackstring> puts the
+extracted list items on the stack and returns the number of elements.
+Issue C<PUTBACK> before and C<SPAGAIN> after the call to this function.
+
+ I32 unpackstring(char *pat, char *patend, char *s, char *strend, U32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp_pack.c
+
+=item unpack_str
+
+The engine implementing unpack() Perl function. Note: parameters strbeg, new_s
+and ocnt are not used. This call should not be used, use unpackstring instead.
+
+ I32 unpack_str(char *pat, char *patend, char *s, char *strbeg, char *strend, char **new_s, I32 ocnt, U32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp_pack.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Global Variables
+
+=over 8
+
+=item PL_modglobal
+
+C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
+extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
+In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
+to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
+prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
+
+ HV* PL_modglobal
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_na
+
+A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
+doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
+to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
+C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
+
+ STRLEN PL_na
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file thrdvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_no
+
+This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
+C<&PL_sv_no>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_no
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_undef
+
+This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_undef
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_yes
+
+This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
+C<&PL_sv_yes>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_yes
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 GV Functions
+
+=over 8
=item GvSV
=for hackers
Found in file gv.c
+=item gv_fetchmeth_autoload
+
+Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
+Returns a glob for the subroutine.
+
+For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
+if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
+of the result may be zero.
+
+ GV* gv_fetchmeth_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file gv.c
+
=item gv_stashpv
Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
=for hackers
Found in file gv.c
-=item G_ARRAY
-Used to indicate list context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
-L<perlcall>.
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+=head1 Handy Values
-=item G_DISCARD
+=over 8
-Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
-L<perlcall>.
+=item Nullav
+
+Null AV pointer.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file av.h
-=item G_EVAL
+=item Nullch
-Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
-L<perlcall>.
+Null character pointer.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item G_NOARGS
+=item Nullcv
-Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
-L<perlcall>.
+Null CV pointer.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file cv.h
-=item G_SCALAR
+=item Nullhv
-Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
-L<perlcall>.
+Null HV pointer.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file hv.h
-=item G_VOID
+=item Nullsv
-Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
+Null SV pointer.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file handy.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Hash Manipulation Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item get_hv
+
+Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+
+ HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
=item HEf_SVKEY
This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
-specifies the structure contains a C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
+specifies the structure contains an C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
=for hackers
=for hackers
Found in file hv.h
+=item hv_assert
+
+Check that a hash is in an internally consistent state.
+
+ void hv_assert(HV* tb)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
=item hv_clear
Clears a hash, making it empty.
=for hackers
Found in file hv.c
+=item hv_clear_placeholders
+
+Clears any placeholders from a hash. If a restricted hash has any of its keys
+marked as readonly and the key is subsequently deleted, the key is not actually
+deleted but is marked by assigning it a value of &PL_sv_placeholder. This tags
+it so it will be ignored by future operations such as iterating over the hash,
+but will still allow the hash to have a value reaasigned to the key at some
+future point. This function clears any such placeholder keys from the hash.
+See Hash::Util::lock_keys() for an example of its use.
+
+ void hv_clear_placeholders(HV* hb)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
=item hv_delete
Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the
Returns the SV which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. The
C<klen> is the length of the key. If C<lval> is set then the fetch will be
part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before
-dereferencing it to a C<SV*>.
+dereferencing it to an C<SV*>.
See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
hash buckets that happen to be in use. If you still need that esoteric
value, you can get it through the macro C<HvFILL(tb)>.
+
I32 hv_iterinit(HV* tb)
=for hackers
Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit>.
+You may call C<hv_delete> or C<hv_delete_ent> on the hash entry that the
+iterator currently points to, without losing your place or invalidating your
+iterator. Note that in this case the current entry is deleted from the hash
+with your iterator holding the last reference to it. Your iterator is flagged
+to free the entry on the next call to C<hv_iternext>, so you must not discard
+your iterator immediately else the entry will leak - call C<hv_iternext> to
+trigger the resource deallocation.
+
HE* hv_iternext(HV* tb)
=for hackers
=for hackers
Found in file hv.c
+=item hv_iternext_flags
+
+Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit> and C<hv_iternext>.
+The C<flags> value will normally be zero; if HV_ITERNEXT_WANTPLACEHOLDERS is
+set the placeholders keys (for restricted hashes) will be returned in addition
+to normal keys. By default placeholders are automatically skipped over.
+Currently a placeholder is implemented with a value that is
+C<&Perl_sv_placeholder>. Note that the implementation of placeholders and
+restricted hashes may change, and the implementation currently is
+insufficiently abstracted for any change to be tidy.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ HE* hv_iternext_flags(HV* tb, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
=item hv_iterval
Returns the value from the current position of the hash iterator. See
=for hackers
Found in file hv.c
+=item hv_scalar
+
+Evaluates the hash in scalar context and returns the result. Handles magic when the hash is tied.
+
+ SV* hv_scalar(HV* hv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
=item hv_store
Stores an SV in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key> and C<klen> is
stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise it can
be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note that the caller is
responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of C<val> before
-the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
+the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL. Effectively
+a successful hv_store takes ownership of one reference to C<val>. This is
+usually what you want; a newly created SV has a reference count of one, so
+if all your code does is create SVs then store them in a hash, hv_store
+will own the only reference to the new SV, and your code doesn't need to do
+anything further to tidy up. hv_store is not implemented as a call to
+hv_store_ent, and does not create a temporary SV for the key, so if your
+key data is not already in SV form then use hv_store in preference to
+hv_store_ent.
See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
contents of the return value can be accessed using the C<He?> macros
described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably
incrementing the reference count of C<val> before the call, and
-decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
+decrementing it if the function returned NULL. Effectively a successful
+hv_store_ent takes ownership of one reference to C<val>. This is
+usually what you want; a newly created SV has a reference count of one, so
+if all your code does is create SVs then store them in a hash, hv_store
+will own the only reference to the new SV, and your code doesn't need to do
+anything further to tidy up. Note that hv_store_ent only reads the C<key>;
+unlike C<val> it does not take ownership of it, so maintaining the correct
+reference count on C<key> is entirely the caller's responsibility. hv_store
+is not implemented as a call to hv_store_ent, and does not create a temporary
+SV for the key, so if your key data is not already in SV form then use
+hv_store in preference to hv_store_ent.
See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
=for hackers
Found in file hv.c
-=item isALNUM
+=item newHV
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
-character (including underscore) or digit.
+Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
- bool isALNUM(char ch)
+ HV* newHV()
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file hv.c
-=item isALPHA
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
-character.
+=back
- bool isALPHA(char ch)
+=head1 Magical Functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+=over 8
-=item isDIGIT
+=item mg_clear
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
-digit.
+Clear something magical that the SV represents. See C<sv_magic>.
- bool isDIGIT(char ch)
+ int mg_clear(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item isLOWER
+=item mg_copy
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
-character.
+Copies the magic from one SV to another. See C<sv_magic>.
- bool isLOWER(char ch)
+ int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item isSPACE
+=item mg_find
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
+Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- bool isSPACE(char ch)
+ MAGIC* mg_find(SV* sv, int type)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item isUPPER
+=item mg_free
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
-character.
+Free any magic storage used by the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- bool isUPPER(char ch)
+ int mg_free(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item is_utf8_char
+=item mg_get
-Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8
-character. Note that an INVARIANT (i.e. ASCII) character is a valid UTF-8 character.
-The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character will be returned if
-it is valid, otherwise 0.
+Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- STRLEN is_utf8_char(U8 *p)
+ int mg_get(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file mg.c
-=item is_utf8_string
+=item mg_length
-Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form a valid UTF8
-string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid UTF8 string' does not mean
-'a string that contains UTF8' because a valid ASCII string is a valid
-UTF8 string.
+Report on the SV's length. See C<sv_magic>.
- bool is_utf8_string(U8 *s, STRLEN len)
+ U32 mg_length(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file mg.c
-=item items
+=item mg_magical
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
-items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
+Turns on the magical status of an SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- I32 items
+ void mg_magical(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item ix
+=item mg_set
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
-XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
+Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- I32 ix
+ int mg_set(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item LEAVE
+=item SvGETMAGIC
-Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
+Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
+argument more than once.
- LEAVE;
+ void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item load_module
+=item SvLOCK
-Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
-Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
-Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
-PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
-(or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
-similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
-arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
-method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
+Arranges for a mutual exclusion lock to be obtained on sv if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
- void load_module(U32 flags, SV* name, SV* ver, ...)
+ void SvLOCK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
-
-=item looks_like_number
-
-Test if an the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a
-number). C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not
-issue a non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
-
- I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
+Found in file sv.h
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+=item SvSETMAGIC
-=item MARK
+Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
+argument more than once.
-Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
+ void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_clear
+=item SvSetMagicSV
-Clear something magical that the SV represents. See C<sv_magic>.
+Like C<SvSetSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
- int mg_clear(SV* sv)
+ void SvSetMagicSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_copy
+=item SvSetMagicSV_nosteal
-Copies the magic from one SV to another. See C<sv_magic>.
+Like C<SvSetMagicSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
- int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
+ void SvSetMagicSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_find
+=item SvSetSV
-Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
+more than once.
- MAGIC* mg_find(SV* sv, int type)
+ void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_free
+=item SvSetSV_nosteal
-Free any magic storage used by the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
+ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
- int mg_free(SV* sv)
+ void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_get
+=item SvSHARE
-Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Arranges for sv to be shared between threads if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
- int mg_get(SV* sv)
+ void SvSHARE(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_length
+=item SvUNLOCK
-Report on the SV's length. See C<sv_magic>.
+Releases a mutual exclusion lock on sv if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
- U32 mg_length(SV* sv)
+ void SvUNLOCK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_magical
-Turns on the magical status of an SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+=back
- void mg_magical(SV* sv)
+=head1 Memory Management
-=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+=over 8
-=item mg_set
+=item Copy
-Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
+source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
+the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
- int mg_set(SV* sv)
+ void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file handy.h
=item Move
=for hackers
Found in file handy.h
-=item newAV
-
-Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
-
- AV* newAV()
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file av.c
-
=item Newc
The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
=for hackers
Found in file handy.h
-=item newCONSTSUB
+=item Newz
-Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
-eligible for inlining at compile-time.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
+memory is zeroed with C<memzero>.
- CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
+ void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newHV
+=item Poison
-Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
+Fill up memory with a pattern (byte 0xAB over and over again) that
+hopefully catches attempts to access uninitialized memory.
- HV* newHV()
+ void Poison(void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newRV_inc
+=item Renew
-Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
-incremented.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
- SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
+ void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newRV_noinc
+=item Renewc
-Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
-SV is B<not> incremented.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
+cast.
- SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
+ void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item NEWSV
+=item Safefree
-Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
-bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
-tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
-space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
-C<id> is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
- SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
+ void Safefree(void* ptr)
=for hackers
Found in file handy.h
-=item newSViv
+=item savepv
-Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1.
+Perl's version of C<strdup()>. Returns a pointer to a newly allocated
+string which is a duplicate of C<pv>. The size of the string is
+determined by C<strlen()>. The memory allocated for the new string can
+be freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
- SV* newSViv(IV i)
+ char* savepv(const char* pv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item newSVnv
+=item savepvn
-Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
-The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+Perl's version of what C<strndup()> would be if it existed. Returns a
+pointer to a newly allocated string which is a duplicate of the first
+C<len> bytes from C<pv>. The memory allocated for the new string can be
+freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
- SV* newSVnv(NV n)
+ char* savepvn(const char* pv, I32 len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item newSVpv
+=item savesharedpv
-Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
-strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
+A version of C<savepv()> which allocates the duplicate string in memory
+which is shared between threads.
- SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+ char* savesharedpv(const char* pv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item newSVpvf
+=item StructCopy
-Creates a new SV an initialize it with the string formatted like
-C<sprintf>.
+This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
- SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
+ void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newSVpvn
+=item Zero
-Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
-string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
-C<len> bytes long.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
+destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
- SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+ void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newSVpvn_share
-Creates a new SV and populates it with a string from
-the string table. Turns on READONLY and FAKE.
-The idea here is that as string table is used for shared hash
-keys these strings will have SvPVX == HeKEY and hash lookup
-will avoid string compare.
+=back
- SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash)
+=head1 Miscellaneous Functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+=over 8
-=item newSVrv
+=item fbm_compile
-Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
-it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
-be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
-reference count is 1.
+Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
+-- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
- SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
+ void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item newSVsv
+=item fbm_instr
-Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
+Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
+C<strend>. It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
+does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
+then.
- SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
+ char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
-=item newSVuv
-
-Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
-The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+Found in file util.c
- SV* newSVuv(UV u)
+=item form
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Takes a sprintf-style format pattern and conventional
+(non-SV) arguments and returns the formatted string.
-=item newXS
+ (char *) Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
-Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs.
+can be used any place a string (char *) is required:
-=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
+ char * s = Perl_form("%d.%d",major,minor);
-=item newXSproto
+Uses a single private buffer so if you want to format several strings you
+must explicitly copy the earlier strings away (and free the copies when you
+are done).
-Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
-the subs.
+ char* form(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item Newz
+=item getcwd_sv
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
-memory is zeroed with C<memzero>.
+Fill the sv with current working directory
- void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ int getcwd_sv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item Nullav
+=item new_version
-Null AV pointer.
+Returns a new version object based on the passed in SV:
-=for hackers
-Found in file av.h
+ SV *sv = new_version(SV *ver);
-=item Nullch
+Does not alter the passed in ver SV. See "upg_version" if you
+want to upgrade the SV.
-Null character pointer.
+ SV* new_version(SV *ver)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item Nullcv
+=item scan_version
-Null CV pointer.
+Returns a pointer to the next character after the parsed
+version string, as well as upgrading the passed in SV to
+an RV.
-=for hackers
-Found in file cv.h
+Function must be called with an already existing SV like
-=item Nullhv
+ sv = newSV(0);
+ s = scan_version(s,SV *sv, bool qv);
-Null HV pointer.
+Performs some preprocessing to the string to ensure that
+it has the correct characteristics of a version. Flags the
+object if it contains an underscore (which denotes this
+is a alpha version). The boolean qv denotes that the version
+should be interpreted as if it had multiple decimals, even if
+it doesn't.
+
+ char* scan_version(char *vstr, SV *sv, bool qv)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item Nullsv
+=item strEQ
-Null SV pointer.
+Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
Found in file handy.h
-=item ORIGMARK
+=item strGE
-The original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<dORIGMARK>.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
+the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item perl_alloc
+=item strGT
-Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
+C<s2>. Returns true or false.
- PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
+ bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item perl_construct
+=item strLE
-Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
+second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
- void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item perl_destruct
+=item strLT
-Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
+C<s2>. Returns true or false.
- void perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item perl_free
+=item strNE
-Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
+false.
- void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item perl_parse
+=item strnEQ
-Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
+Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
+the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
+C<strncmp>).
- int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
+ bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item perl_run
+=item strnNE
-Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
+Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
+indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
+wrapper for C<strncmp>).
- int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item PL_modglobal
+=item sv_nolocking
-C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
-extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
-In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
-to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
-prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
+Dummy routine which "locks" an SV when there is no locking module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could potentially warn under
+some level of strict-ness.
- HV* PL_modglobal
+ void sv_nolocking(SV *)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item PL_na
+=item sv_nosharing
-A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
-doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
-to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
-C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
+Dummy routine which "shares" an SV when there is no sharing module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could potentially warn under
+some level of strict-ness.
- STRLEN PL_na
+ void sv_nosharing(SV *)
=for hackers
-Found in file thrdvar.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item PL_sv_no
+=item sv_nounlocking
-This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
-C<&PL_sv_no>.
+Dummy routine which "unlocks" an SV when there is no locking module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could potentially warn under
+some level of strict-ness.
- SV PL_sv_no
+ void sv_nounlocking(SV *)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item PL_sv_undef
+=item upg_version
-This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
+In-place upgrade of the supplied SV to a version object.
- SV PL_sv_undef
+ SV *sv = upg_version(SV *sv);
+
+Returns a pointer to the upgraded SV.
+
+ SV* upg_version(SV *ver)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item PL_sv_yes
+=item vcmp
-This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
-C<&PL_sv_yes>.
+Version object aware cmp. Both operands must already have been
+converted into version objects.
- SV PL_sv_yes
+ int vcmp(SV *lvs, SV *rvs)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item POPi
+=item vnormal
-Pops an integer off the stack.
+Accepts a version object and returns the normalized string
+representation. Call like:
- IV POPi
+ sv = vnormal(rv);
+
+NOTE: you can pass either the object directly or the SV
+contained within the RV.
+
+ SV* vnormal(SV *vs)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item POPl
+=item vnumify
-Pops a long off the stack.
+Accepts a version object and returns the normalized floating
+point representation. Call like:
- long POPl
+ sv = vnumify(rv);
+
+NOTE: you can pass either the object directly or the SV
+contained within the RV.
+
+ SV* vnumify(SV *vs)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item POPn
+=item vstringify
-Pops a double off the stack.
+In order to maintain maximum compatibility with earlier versions
+of Perl, this function will return either the floating point
+notation or the multiple dotted notation, depending on whether
+the original version contained 1 or more dots, respectively
- NV POPn
+ SV* vstringify(SV *vs)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item POPp
-Pops a string off the stack. Deprecated. New code should provide
-a STRLEN n_a and use POPpx.
+=back
- char* POPp
+=head1 Numeric functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item grok_bin
+
+converts a string representing a binary number to numeric form.
+
+On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
+conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
+The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character.
+On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
+output flags.
+
+If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
+and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_bin>
+returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
+and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
+is NULL).
+
+The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0b" or "b" unless
+C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
+C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the binary
+number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+
+ UV grok_bin(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item POPpbytex
+=item grok_hex
-Pops a string off the stack which must consist of bytes i.e. characters < 256.
-Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+converts a string representing a hex number to numeric form.
- char* POPpbytex
+On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
+conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
+The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first non-hex-digit character.
+On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
+output flags.
+
+If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
+and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_hex>
+returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
+and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
+is NULL).
+
+The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0x" or "x" unless
+C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
+C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the hex
+number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+
+ UV grok_hex(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item POPpx
+=item grok_number
-Pops a string off the stack.
-Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+Recognise (or not) a number. The type of the number is returned
+(0 if unrecognised), otherwise it is a bit-ORed combination of
+IS_NUMBER_IN_UV, IS_NUMBER_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX, IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT,
+IS_NUMBER_NEG, IS_NUMBER_INFINITY, IS_NUMBER_NAN (defined in perl.h).
- char* POPpx
+If the value of the number can fit an in UV, it is returned in the *valuep
+IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set to indicate that *valuep is valid, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
+will never be set unless *valuep is valid, but *valuep may have been assigned
+to during processing even though IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set on return.
+If valuep is NULL, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set for the same cases as when
+valuep is non-NULL, but no actual assignment (or SEGV) will occur.
+
+IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT will be set with IS_NUMBER_IN_UV if trailing decimals were
+seen (in which case *valuep gives the true value truncated to an integer), and
+IS_NUMBER_NEG if the number is negative (in which case *valuep holds the
+absolute value). IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set if e notation was used or the
+number is larger than a UV.
+
+ int grok_number(const char *pv, STRLEN len, UV *valuep)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item grok_numeric_radix
+
+Scan and skip for a numeric decimal separator (radix).
+
+ bool grok_numeric_radix(const char **sp, const char *send)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item grok_oct
+
+
+ UV grok_oct(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item scan_bin
+
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_bin> instead.
+
+ NV scan_bin(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item scan_hex
+
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_hex> instead.
+
+ NV scan_hex(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item scan_oct
+
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_oct> instead.
+
+ NV scan_oct(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item cv_const_sv
+
+If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
+value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
+
+Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
+L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
+
+ SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+=item newCONSTSUB
+
+Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
+eligible for inlining at compile-time.
+
+ CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+=item newXS
+
+Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Pad Data Structures
+
+=over 8
+
+=item pad_sv
+
+Get the value at offset po in the current pad.
+Use macro PAD_SV instead of calling this function directly.
+
+ SV* pad_sv(PADOFFSET po)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pad.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Stack Manipulation Macros
+
+=over 8
+
+=item dMARK
+
+Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
+C<dORIGMARK>.
+
+ dMARK;
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPs
+=item dORIGMARK
-Pops an SV off the stack.
+Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
- SV* POPs
+ dORIGMARK;
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item PUSHi
+=item dSP
-Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHi>.
+Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
+the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
- void PUSHi(IV iv)
+ dSP;
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item PUSHMARK
+=item EXTEND
-Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
+used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
+onto the stack.
- PUSHMARK;
+ void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item PUSHn
+=item MARK
-Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHn>.
+Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
- void PUSHn(NV nv)
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item mPUSHi
+
+Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<PUSHi>, C<mXPUSHi>
+and C<XPUSHi>.
+
+ void mPUSHi(IV iv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item PUSHp
+=item mPUSHn
-Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
-C<XPUSHp>.
+Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<PUSHn>, C<mXPUSHn>
+and C<XPUSHn>.
- void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+ void mPUSHn(NV nv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item PUSHs
+=item mPUSHp
-Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHs>.
+Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. Does
+not use C<TARG>. See also C<PUSHp>, C<mXPUSHp> and C<XPUSHp>.
- void PUSHs(SV* sv)
+ void mPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item PUSHu
+=item mPUSHu
Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
-element. See C<XPUSHu>.
+element. Handles 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<PUSHu>,
+C<mXPUSHu> and C<XPUSHu>.
- void PUSHu(UV uv)
+ void mPUSHu(UV uv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item PUTBACK
+=item mXPUSHi
-Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
-See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
+Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<XPUSHi>, C<mPUSHi> and
+C<PUSHi>.
- PUTBACK;
+ void mXPUSHi(IV iv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item Renew
+=item mXPUSHn
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
+Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<XPUSHn>, C<mPUSHn> and
+C<PUSHn>.
- void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ void mXPUSHn(NV nv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item Renewc
+=item mXPUSHp
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
-cast.
+Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
+indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. Does not use
+C<TARG>. See also C<XPUSHp>, C<mPUSHp> and C<PUSHp>.
- void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+ void mXPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item require_pv
+Found in file pp.h
-Tells Perl to C<require> the file named by the string argument. It is
-analogous to the Perl code C<eval "require '$file'">. It's even
-implemented that way; consider using Perl_load_module instead.
+=item mXPUSHu
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
+Handles 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<XPUSHu>, C<mPUSHu>
+and C<PUSHu>.
- void require_pv(const char* pv)
+ void mXPUSHu(UV uv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
-
-=item RETVAL
+Found in file pp.h
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
-XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
-L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
+=item ORIGMARK
- (whatever) RETVAL
+The original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<dORIGMARK>.
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item Safefree
+=item POPi
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
+Pops an integer off the stack.
- void Safefree(void* ptr)
+ IV POPi
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item savepv
+=item POPl
-Copy a string to a safe spot. This does not use an SV.
+Pops a long off the stack.
- char* savepv(const char* sv)
+ long POPl
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item savepvn
+=item POPn
-Copy a string to a safe spot. The C<len> indicates number of bytes to
-copy. This does not use an SV.
+Pops a double off the stack.
- char* savepvn(const char* sv, I32 len)
+ NV POPn
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item SAVETMPS
+=item POPp
-Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Pops a string off the stack. Deprecated. New code should provide
+a STRLEN n_a and use POPpx.
- SAVETMPS;
+ char* POPp
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item SP
+=item POPpbytex
+
+Pops a string off the stack which must consist of bytes i.e. characters < 256.
+Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+
+ char* POPpbytex
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPpx
+
+Pops a string off the stack.
+Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+
+ char* POPpx
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPs
+
+Pops an SV off the stack.
+
+ SV* POPs
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHi
+
+Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be
+called to declare it. Do not call multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to
+return lists from XSUB's - see C<mPUSHi> instead. See also C<XPUSHi> and
+C<mXPUSHi>.
+
+ void PUSHi(IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHMARK
+
+Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+ void PUSHMARK(SP)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHmortal
+
+Push a new mortal SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
+element. Does not handle 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also
+C<PUSHs>, C<XPUSHmortal> and C<XPUSHs>.
+
+ void PUSHmortal()
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHn
+
+Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be
+called to declare it. Do not call multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to
+return lists from XSUB's - see C<mPUSHn> instead. See also C<XPUSHn> and
+C<mXPUSHn>.
+
+ void PUSHn(NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHp
+
+Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. Uses
+C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be called to declare it. Do not
+call multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to return lists from XSUB's - see
+C<mPUSHp> instead. See also C<XPUSHp> and C<mXPUSHp>.
+
+ void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHs
+
+Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<PUSHmortal>,
+C<XPUSHs> and C<XPUSHmortal>.
+
+ void PUSHs(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHu
+
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
+element. Handles 'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG>
+should be called to declare it. Do not call multiple C<TARG>-oriented
+macros to return lists from XSUB's - see C<mPUSHu> instead. See also
+C<XPUSHu> and C<mXPUSHu>.
+
+ void PUSHu(UV uv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUTBACK
+
+Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
+See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
+
+ PUTBACK;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item SP
Stack pointer. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>. See C<dSP> and
C<SPAGAIN>.
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item SPAGAIN
+
+Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
+
+ SPAGAIN;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHi
+
+Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be called to
+declare it. Do not call multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to return lists
+from XSUB's - see C<mXPUSHi> instead. See also C<PUSHi> and C<mPUSHi>.
+
+ void XPUSHi(IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHmortal
+
+Push a new mortal SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does
+not handle 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<XPUSHs>,
+C<PUSHmortal> and C<PUSHs>.
+
+ void XPUSHmortal()
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHn
+
+Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be called to
+declare it. Do not call multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to return lists
+from XSUB's - see C<mXPUSHn> instead. See also C<PUSHn> and C<mPUSHn>.
+
+ void XPUSHn(NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHp
+
+Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
+indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so
+C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be called to declare it. Do not call
+multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to return lists from XSUB's - see
+C<mXPUSHp> instead. See also C<PUSHp> and C<mPUSHp>.
+
+ void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHs
+
+Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
+handle 'set' magic. Does not use C<TARG>. See also C<XPUSHmortal>,
+C<PUSHs> and C<PUSHmortal>.
+
+ void XPUSHs(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHu
+
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
+Handles 'set' magic. Uses C<TARG>, so C<dTARGET> or C<dXSTARG> should be
+called to declare it. Do not call multiple C<TARG>-oriented macros to
+return lists from XSUB's - see C<mXPUSHu> instead. See also C<PUSHu> and
+C<mPUSHu>.
+
+ void XPUSHu(UV uv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XSRETURN
+
+Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
+handled by C<xsubpp>.
+
+ void XSRETURN(int nitems)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_EMPTY
+
+Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
+
+ XSRETURN_EMPTY;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_IV
+
+Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
+
+ void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_NO
+
+Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
+
+ XSRETURN_NO;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_NV
+
+Return a double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
+
+ void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_PV
+
+Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
+
+ void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_UNDEF
+
+Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
+
+ XSRETURN_UNDEF;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_UV
+
+Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUV>.
+
+ void XSRETURN_UV(IV uv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_YES
+
+Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
+
+ XSRETURN_YES;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mIV
+
+Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
+value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+
+ void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mNO
+
+Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
+
+ void XST_mNO(int pos)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mNV
+
+Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
+is stored in a new mortal SV.
+
+ void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mPV
+
+Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
+The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+
+ void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mUNDEF
+
+Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
+
+ void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mYES
+
+Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
+
+ void XST_mYES(int pos)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 SV Flags
+
+=over 8
+
+=item svtype
+
+An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
+in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_IV
+
+Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_NV
+
+Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_PV
+
+Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_PVAV
+
+Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_PVCV
+
+Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_PVHV
+
+Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_PVMG
+
+Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 SV Manipulation Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item get_sv
+
+Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+
+ SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item looks_like_number
+
+Test if the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
+C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not issue a
+non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
+
+ I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newRV_inc
+
+Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
+incremented.
+
+ SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item newRV_noinc
+
+Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
+SV is B<not> incremented.
+
+ SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SPAGAIN
+=item NEWSV
-Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
+Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
+bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
+tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
+space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
+C<id> is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
- SPAGAIN;
+ SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item ST
+=item newSV
-Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
+Create a new null SV, or if len > 0, create a new empty SVt_PV type SV
+with an initial PV allocation of len+1. Normally accessed via the C<NEWSV>
+macro.
- SV* ST(int ix)
+ SV* newSV(STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strEQ
+=item newSViv
-Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1.
- bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSViv(IV i)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strGE
+=item newSVnv
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
-the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
+The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
- bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVnv(NV n)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strGT
+=item newSVpv
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
-C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
+strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
- bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strLE
+=item newSVpvf
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
-second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and initializes it with the string formatted like
+C<sprintf>.
- bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strLT
+=item newSVpvn
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
-C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
+string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
+C<len> bytes long. If the C<s> argument is NULL the new SV will be undefined.
- bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strNE
+=item newSVpvn_share
-Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
-false.
+Creates a new SV with its SvPVX pointing to a shared string in the string
+table. If the string does not already exist in the table, it is created
+first. Turns on READONLY and FAKE. The string's hash is stored in the UV
+slot of the SV; if the C<hash> parameter is non-zero, that value is used;
+otherwise the hash is computed. The idea here is that as the string table
+is used for shared hash keys these strings will have SvPVX == HeKEY and
+hash lookup will avoid string compare.
- bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strnEQ
+=item newSVrv
-Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
-the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
-C<strncmp>).
+Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
+it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
+be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
+reference count is 1.
- bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+ SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strnNE
+=item newSVsv
-Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
-indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
-wrapper for C<strncmp>).
+Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
+(Uses C<sv_setsv>).
- bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+ SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item StructCopy
+=item newSVuv
-This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
+Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
+The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
- void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
+ SV* newSVuv(UV u)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
=item SvCUR
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvGETMAGIC
-
-Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
-argument more than once.
-
- void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
=item SvGROW
Expands the character buffer in the SV so that it has room for the
indicated number of bytes (remember to reserve space for an extra trailing
-NUL character). Calls C<sv_grow> to perform the expansion if necessary.
+NUL character). Calls C<sv_grow> to perform the expansion if necessary.
Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
char * SvGROW(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=item SvIOK_notUV
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an signed integer.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a signed integer.
- void SvIOK_notUV(SV* sv)
+ bool SvIOK_notUV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
- void SvIOK_UV(SV* sv)
+ bool SvIOK_UV(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvIsCOW
+
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is Copy-On-Write. (either shared
+hash key scalars, or full Copy On Write scalars if 5.9.0 is configured for
+COW)
+
+ bool SvIsCOW(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvIsCOW_shared_hash
+
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is Copy-On-Write shared hash key
+scalar.
+
+ bool SvIsCOW_shared_hash(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
=item SvIV
-Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it.
+Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it. See C<SvIVx> for a
+version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
IV SvIV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
+=item SvIVx
+
+Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
+sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvIV> otherwise.
+
+ IV SvIVx(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
=item SvIVX
-Returns the integer which is stored in the SV, assuming SvIOK is
-true.
+Returns the raw value in the SV's IV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvIV()>.
IV SvIVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
+=item SvIV_nomg
+
+Like C<SvIV> but doesn't process magic.
+
+ IV SvIV_nomg(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
=item SvLEN
Returns the size of the string buffer in the SV, not including any part
=item SvNV
-Coerce the given SV to a double and return it.
+Coerce the given SV to a double and return it. See C<SvNVx> for a version
+which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
NV SvNV(SV* sv)
=item SvNVX
-Returns the double which is stored in the SV, assuming SvNOK is
-true.
+Returns the raw value in the SV's NV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvNOK is true. See also C<SvNV()>.
NV SvNVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
+=item SvNVx
+
+Coerces the given SV to a double and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
+sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvNV> otherwise.
+
+ NV SvNVx(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
=item SvOK
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the value is an SV.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the value is an SV. It also tells
+whether the value is defined or not.
bool SvOK(SV* sv)
=item SvPOK_only
Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits.
-Will also turn off the UTF8 status.
+Will also turn off the UTF-8 status.
void SvPOK_only(SV* sv)
=item SvPOK_only_UTF8
Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits,
-and leaves the UTF8 status as it was.
+and leaves the UTF-8 status as it was.
void SvPOK_only_UTF8(SV* sv)
=item SvPV
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
-if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
+Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of
+the SV if the SV does not contain a string. The SV may cache the
+stringified version becoming C<SvPOK>. Handles 'get' magic. See also
+C<SvPVx> for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
char* SvPV(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
+=item SvPVbyte
+
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVbyte(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVbytex
+
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVbyte>
+otherwise.
+
+ char* SvPVbytex(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVbytex_force
+
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVbyte_force>
+otherwise.
+
+ char* SvPVbytex_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVbyte_force
+
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVbyte_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVbyte_nolen
+
+Like C<SvPV_nolen>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVbyte_nolen(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVutf8
+
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVutf8(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVutf8x
+
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVutf8>
+otherwise.
+
+ char* SvPVutf8x(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVutf8x_force
+
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVutf8_force>
+otherwise.
+
+ char* SvPVutf8x_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVutf8_force
+
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVutf8_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVutf8_nolen
+
+Like C<SvPV_nolen>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVutf8_nolen(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVx
+
+A version of C<SvPV> which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
+
+ char* SvPVx(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
=item SvPVX
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV. The SV must contain a
+Returns a pointer to the physical string in the SV. The SV must contain a
string.
char* SvPVX(SV* sv)
=item SvPV_force
-Like <SvPV> but will force the SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want
-force if you are going to update the SvPVX directly.
+Like C<SvPV> but will force the SV into containing just a string
+(C<SvPOK_only>). You want force if you are going to update the C<SvPVX>
+directly.
char* SvPV_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
+=item SvPV_force_nomg
+
+Like C<SvPV> but will force the SV into containing just a string
+(C<SvPOK_only>). You want force if you are going to update the C<SvPVX>
+directly. Doesn't process magic.
+
+ char* SvPV_force_nomg(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
=item SvPV_nolen
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
-if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
+Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of
+the SV if the SV does not contain a string. The SV may cache the
+stringified form becoming C<SvPOK>. Handles 'get' magic.
char* SvPV_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
+=item SvPV_nomg
+
+Like C<SvPV> but doesn't process magic.
+
+ char* SvPV_nomg(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
=item SvREFCNT
Returns the value of the object's reference count.
=item SvROK_on
-Tells an SV that it is an RV.
-
- void SvROK_on(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvRV
-
-Dereferences an RV to return the SV.
-
- SV* SvRV(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvSETMAGIC
-
-Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
-argument more than once.
-
- void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvSetSV
-
-Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
-more than once.
+Tells an SV that it is an RV.
- void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
+ void SvROK_on(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvSetSV_nosteal
+=item SvRV
-Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
-ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
+Dereferences an RV to return the SV.
- void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+ SV* SvRV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
=item SvTAINT
-Taints an SV if tainting is enabled
+Taints an SV if tainting is enabled.
void SvTAINT(SV* sv)
=item SvTAINTED_on
-Marks an SV as tainted.
+Marks an SV as tainted if tainting is enabled.
void SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item svtype
-
-An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
-in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
=item SvTYPE
Returns the type of the SV. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_IV
+=item SvUOK
-Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
+
+ void SvUOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_NV
+=item SvUPGRADE
-Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Used to upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Uses C<sv_upgrade> to
+perform the upgrade if necessary. See C<svtype>.
+
+ void SvUPGRADE(SV* sv, svtype type)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PV
+=item SvUTF8
-Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains UTF-8 encoded data.
+
+ bool SvUTF8(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVAV
+=item SvUTF8_off
-Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
+Unsets the UTF-8 status of an SV.
+
+ void SvUTF8_off(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVCV
+=item SvUTF8_on
-Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
+Turn on the UTF-8 status of an SV (the data is not changed, just the flag).
+Do not use frivolously.
+
+ void SvUTF8_on(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVHV
+=item SvUV
-Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
+Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it. See C<SvUVx>
+for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
+
+ UV SvUV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVMG
+=item SvUVX
-Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Returns the raw value in the SV's UV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvUV()>.
+
+ UV SvUVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvUOK
+=item SvUVx
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
+Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it. Guarantees to
+evaluate sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvUV> otherwise.
- void SvUOK(SV* sv)
+ UV SvUVx(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvUPGRADE
+=item SvUV_nomg
-Used to upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Uses C<sv_upgrade> to
-perform the upgrade if necessary. See C<svtype>.
+Like C<SvUV> but doesn't process magic.
- void SvUPGRADE(SV* sv, svtype type)
+ UV SvUV_nomg(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvUTF8
+=item SvVOK
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains UTF-8 encoded data.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a v-string.
- void SvUTF8(SV* sv)
+ bool SvVOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvUTF8_off
+=item sv_2bool
-Unsets the UTF8 status of an SV.
+This function is only called on magical items, and is only used by
+sv_true() or its macro equivalent.
- void SvUTF8_off(SV *sv)
+ bool sv_2bool(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUTF8_on
+=item sv_2cv
-Turn on the UTF8 status of an SV (the data is not changed, just the flag).
-Do not use frivolously.
+Using various gambits, try to get a CV from an SV; in addition, try if
+possible to set C<*st> and C<*gvp> to the stash and GV associated with it.
- void SvUTF8_on(SV *sv)
+ CV* sv_2cv(SV* sv, HV** st, GV** gvp, I32 lref)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUV
+=item sv_2io
-Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it.
+Using various gambits, try to get an IO from an SV: the IO slot if its a
+GV; or the recursive result if we're an RV; or the IO slot of the symbol
+named after the PV if we're a string.
- UV SvUV(SV* sv)
+ IO* sv_2io(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUVX
+=item sv_2iv_flags
-Returns the unsigned integer which is stored in the SV, assuming SvIOK is
-true.
+Return the integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
+conversion. If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first.
+Normally used via the C<SvIV(sv)> and C<SvIVx(sv)> macros.
- UV SvUVX(SV* sv)
+ IV sv_2iv_flags(SV* sv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
=item sv_2mortal
-Marks an SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed when the current context
-ends.
+Marks an existing SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed "soon", either
+by an explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
+statement boundaries. See also C<sv_newmortal> and C<sv_mortalcopy>.
SV* sv_2mortal(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_2nv
+
+Return the num value of an SV, doing any necessary string or integer
+conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvNV(sv)> and C<SvNVx(sv)>
+macros.
+
+ NV sv_2nv(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_2pvbyte
+
+Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
+to its length. May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF-8 as a
+side-effect.
+
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvbyte(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_2pvbyte_nolen
+
+Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV.
+May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF-8 as a side-effect.
+
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte_nolen> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvbyte_nolen(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_2pvutf8
+
+Return a pointer to the UTF-8-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
+to its length. May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF-8 as a side-effect.
+
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvutf8(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_2pvutf8_nolen
+
+Return a pointer to the UTF-8-encoded representation of the SV.
+May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF-8 as a side-effect.
+
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvutf8_nolen(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_2pv_flags
+
+Returns a pointer to the string value of an SV, and sets *lp to its length.
+If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first. Coerces sv to a string
+if necessary.
+Normally invoked via the C<SvPV_flags> macro. C<sv_2pv()> and C<sv_2pv_nomg>
+usually end up here too.
+
+ char* sv_2pv_flags(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_2pv_nolen
+
+Like C<sv_2pv()>, but doesn't return the length too. You should usually
+use the macro wrapper C<SvPV_nolen(sv)> instead.
+ char* sv_2pv_nolen(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_2uv_flags
+
+Return the unsigned integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
+conversion. If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first.
+Normally used via the C<SvUV(sv)> and C<SvUVx(sv)> macros.
+
+ UV sv_2uv_flags(SV* sv, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_backoff
+
+Remove any string offset. You should normally use the C<SvOOK_off> macro
+wrapper instead.
+
+ int sv_backoff(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_bless
Blesses an SV into a specified package. The SV must be an RV. The package
=item sv_catpv
Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV.
-If the SV has the UTF8 status set, then the bytes appended should be
-valid UTF8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpv_mg>.
+If the SV has the UTF-8 status set, then the bytes appended should be
+valid UTF-8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpv_mg>.
void sv_catpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
=item sv_catpvn
Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
-C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF8
-status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF8.
+C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF-8
+status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF-8.
Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpvn_mg>.
void sv_catpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
=item sv_catpvn_flags
Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
-C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF8
-status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF8.
+C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF-8
+status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF-8.
If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<dsv> if
appropriate, else not. C<sv_catpvn> and C<sv_catpvn_nomg> are implemented
in terms of this function.
Efficient removal of characters from the beginning of the string buffer.
SvPOK(sv) must be true and the C<ptr> must be a pointer to somewhere inside
the string buffer. The C<ptr> becomes the first character of the adjusted
-string.
+string. Uses the "OOK hack".
+Beware: after this function returns, C<ptr> and SvPVX(sv) may no longer
+refer to the same chunk of data.
void sv_chop(SV* sv, char* ptr)
=item sv_clear
-Clear an SV, making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the SV
-itself.
+Clear an SV: call any destructors, free up any memory used by the body,
+and free the body itself. The SV's head is I<not> freed, although
+its type is set to all 1's so that it won't inadvertently be assumed
+to be live during global destruction etc.
+This function should only be called when REFCNT is zero. Most of the time
+you'll want to call C<sv_free()> (or its macro wrapper C<SvREFCNT_dec>)
+instead.
void sv_clear(SV* sv)
Compares the strings in two SVs. Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the
string in C<sv1> is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in
-C<sv2>.
+C<sv2>. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
+coerce its args to strings if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp_locale>.
I32 sv_cmp(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
=item sv_cmp_locale
-Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. See
-L</sv_cmp_locale>
+Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. Is UTF-8 and
+'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will coerce its args to strings
+if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp_locale>. See also C<sv_cmp>.
I32 sv_cmp_locale(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_collxfrm
+
+Add Collate Transform magic to an SV if it doesn't already have it.
+
+Any scalar variable may carry PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm magic that contains the
+scalar data of the variable, but transformed to such a format that a normal
+memory comparison can be used to compare the data according to the locale
+settings.
+
+ char* sv_collxfrm(SV* sv, STRLEN* nxp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_copypv
+
+Copies a stringified representation of the source SV into the
+destination SV. Automatically performs any necessary mg_get and
+coercion of numeric values into strings. Guaranteed to preserve
+UTF-8 flag even from overloaded objects. Similar in nature to
+sv_2pv[_flags] but operates directly on an SV instead of just the
+string. Mostly uses sv_2pv_flags to do its work, except when that
+would lose the UTF-8'ness of the PV.
+
+ void sv_copypv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_dec
-Auto-decrement of the value in the SV.
+Auto-decrement of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
+if necessary. Handles 'get' magic.
void sv_dec(SV* sv)
class. This is the function that implements C<UNIVERSAL::isa>. It works
for class names as well as for objects.
- bool sv_derived_from(SV* sv, const char* name)
+ bool sv_derived_from(SV* sv, const char* name)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file universal.c
+
+=item sv_eq
+
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are
+identical. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
+coerce its args to strings if necessary.
+
+ I32 sv_eq(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_force_normal
+
+Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
+a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
+an xpvmg. See also C<sv_force_normal_flags>.
+
+ void sv_force_normal(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_force_normal_flags
+
+Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
+a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
+an xpvmg; if we're a copy-on-write scalar, this is the on-write time when
+we do the copy, and is also used locally. If C<SV_COW_DROP_PV> is set
+then a copy-on-write scalar drops its PV buffer (if any) and becomes
+SvPOK_off rather than making a copy. (Used where this scalar is about to be
+set to some other value.) In addition, the C<flags> parameter gets passed to
+C<sv_unref_flags()> when unrefing. C<sv_force_normal> calls this function
+with flags set to 0.
+
+ void sv_force_normal_flags(SV *sv, U32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_free
+
+Decrement an SV's reference count, and if it drops to zero, call
+C<sv_clear> to invoke destructors and free up any memory used by
+the body; finally, deallocate the SV's head itself.
+Normally called via a wrapper macro C<SvREFCNT_dec>.
+
+ void sv_free(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_gets
+
+Get a line from the filehandle and store it into the SV, optionally
+appending to the currently-stored string.
+
+ char* sv_gets(SV* sv, PerlIO* fp, I32 append)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_grow
+
+Expands the character buffer in the SV. If necessary, uses C<sv_unref> and
+upgrades the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
+Use the C<SvGROW> wrapper instead.
+
+ char* sv_grow(SV* sv, STRLEN newlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_inc
+
+Auto-increment of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
+if necessary. Handles 'get' magic.
+
+ void sv_inc(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_insert
+
+Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the SV. Similar to
+the Perl substr() function.
+
+ void sv_insert(SV* bigsv, STRLEN offset, STRLEN len, char* little, STRLEN littlelen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_isa
+
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is blessed into the specified
+class. This does not check for subtypes; use C<sv_derived_from> to verify
+an inheritance relationship.
+
+ int sv_isa(SV* sv, const char* name)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_isobject
+
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is an RV pointing to a blessed
+object. If the SV is not an RV, or if the object is not blessed, then this
+will return false.
+
+ int sv_isobject(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_iv
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvIVx> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
+
+ IV sv_iv(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_len
+
+Returns the length of the string in the SV. Handles magic and type
+coercion. See also C<SvCUR>, which gives raw access to the xpv_cur slot.
+
+ STRLEN sv_len(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file universal.c
+Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_eq
+=item sv_len_utf8
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are
-identical.
+Returns the number of characters in the string in an SV, counting wide
+UTF-8 bytes as a single character. Handles magic and type coercion.
- I32 sv_eq(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
+ STRLEN sv_len_utf8(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_free
+=item sv_magic
-Free the memory used by an SV.
+Adds magic to an SV. First upgrades C<sv> to type C<SVt_PVMG> if necessary,
+then adds a new magic item of type C<how> to the head of the magic list.
- void sv_free(SV* sv)
+ void sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_getcwd
+=item sv_magicext
-Fill the sv with current working directory
+Adds magic to an SV, upgrading it if necessary. Applies the
+supplied vtable and returns pointer to the magic added.
+
+Note that sv_magicext will allow things that sv_magic will not.
+In particular you can add magic to SvREADONLY SVs and and more than
+one instance of the same 'how'
- int sv_getcwd(SV* sv)
+I C<namelen> is greater then zero then a savepvn() I<copy> of C<name> is stored,
+if C<namelen> is zero then C<name> is stored as-is and - as another special
+case - if C<(name && namelen == HEf_SVKEY)> then C<name> is assumed to contain
+an C<SV*> and has its REFCNT incremented
+
+(This is now used as a subroutine by sv_magic.)
+
+ MAGIC * sv_magicext(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, MGVTBL *vtbl, const char* name, I32 namlen )
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_gets
+=item sv_mortalcopy
-Get a line from the filehandle and store it into the SV, optionally
-appending to the currently-stored string.
+Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV (using C<sv_setsv>).
+The new SV is marked as mortal. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an
+explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
+statement boundaries. See also C<sv_newmortal> and C<sv_2mortal>.
- char* sv_gets(SV* sv, PerlIO* fp, I32 append)
+ SV* sv_mortalcopy(SV* oldsv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_grow
+=item sv_newmortal
-Expands the character buffer in the SV. This will use C<sv_unref> and will
-upgrade the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
-Use C<SvGROW>.
+Creates a new null SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is
+set to 1. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an explicit call to
+FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as statement boundaries.
+See also C<sv_mortalcopy> and C<sv_2mortal>.
- char* sv_grow(SV* sv, STRLEN newlen)
+ SV* sv_newmortal()
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_inc
+=item sv_newref
-Auto-increment of the value in the SV.
+Increment an SV's reference count. Use the C<SvREFCNT_inc()> wrapper
+instead.
- void sv_inc(SV* sv)
+ SV* sv_newref(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_insert
+=item sv_nv
-Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the SV. Similar to
-the Perl substr() function.
+A private implementation of the C<SvNVx> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
- void sv_insert(SV* bigsv, STRLEN offset, STRLEN len, char* little, STRLEN littlelen)
+ NV sv_nv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_isa
+=item sv_pos_b2u
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is blessed into the specified
-class. This does not check for subtypes; use C<sv_derived_from> to verify
-an inheritance relationship.
+Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of bytes from the
+start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of UTF-8 chars.
+Handles magic and type coercion.
- int sv_isa(SV* sv, const char* name)
+ void sv_pos_b2u(SV* sv, I32* offsetp)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_isobject
+=item sv_pos_u2b
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is an RV pointing to a blessed
-object. If the SV is not an RV, or if the object is not blessed, then this
-will return false.
+Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of UTF-8 chars from
+the start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of bytes; if
+lenp is non-zero, it does the same to lenp, but this time starting from
+the offset, rather than from the start of the string. Handles magic and
+type coercion.
- int sv_isobject(SV* sv)
+ void sv_pos_u2b(SV* sv, I32* offsetp, I32* lenp)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_len
+=item sv_pv
-Returns the length of the string in the SV. See also C<SvCUR>.
+Use the C<SvPV_nolen> macro instead
- STRLEN sv_len(SV* sv)
+ char* sv_pv(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_len_utf8
+=item sv_pvbyte
-Returns the number of characters in the string in an SV, counting wide
-UTF8 bytes as a single character.
+Use C<SvPVbyte_nolen> instead.
- STRLEN sv_len_utf8(SV* sv)
+ char* sv_pvbyte(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_magic
+=item sv_pvbyten
-Adds magic to an SV.
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVbyte> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
- void sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen)
+ char* sv_pvbyten(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_mortalcopy
+=item sv_pvbyten_force
-Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV. The new SV is marked
-as mortal.
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVbytex_force> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
- SV* sv_mortalcopy(SV* oldsv)
+ char* sv_pvbyten_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_newmortal
+=item sv_pvn
-Creates a new SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is set to 1.
+A private implementation of the C<SvPV> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
- SV* sv_newmortal()
+ char* sv_pvn(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_pvn_force
Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
+A private implementation of the C<SvPV_force> macro for compilers which
+can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
char* sv_pvn_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if
appropriate, else not. C<sv_pvn_force> and C<sv_pvn_force_nomg> are
implemented in terms of this function.
+You normally want to use the various wrapper macros instead: see
+C<SvPV_force> and C<SvPV_force_nomg>
char* sv_pvn_force_flags(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp, I32 flags)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_pvutf8n_force
+=item sv_pvutf8
-Get a sensible UTF8-encoded string out of the SV somehow. See
-L</sv_pvn_force>.
+Use the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro instead
- char* sv_pvutf8n_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
+ char* sv_pvutf8(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_realpath
+=item sv_pvutf8n
-Emulate realpath(3)
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVutf8> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
-XXX: add configure test for realpath(3) and prefer if available
- int sv_realpath(SV* sv, char *path, STRLEN len)
+ char* sv_pvutf8n(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_pvutf8n_force
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVutf8_force> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
+
+ char* sv_pvutf8n_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
=item sv_reftype
=item sv_replace
Make the first argument a copy of the second, then delete the original.
+The target SV physically takes over ownership of the body of the source SV
+and inherits its flags; however, the target keeps any magic it owns,
+and any magic in the source is discarded.
+Note that this is a rather specialist SV copying operation; most of the
+time you'll want to use C<sv_setsv> or one of its many macro front-ends.
void sv_replace(SV* sv, SV* nsv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_report_used
+
+Dump the contents of all SVs not yet freed. (Debugging aid).
+
+ void sv_report_used()
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_reset
+
+Underlying implementation for the C<reset> Perl function.
+Note that the perl-level function is vaguely deprecated.
+
+ void sv_reset(char* s, HV* stash)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_rvweaken
-Weaken a reference.
+Weaken a reference: set the C<SvWEAKREF> flag on this RV; give the
+referred-to SV C<PERL_MAGIC_backref> magic if it hasn't already; and
+push a back-reference to this RV onto the array of backreferences
+associated with that magic.
SV* sv_rvweaken(SV *sv)
=item sv_setiv
-Copies an integer into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See
-C<sv_setiv_mg>.
+Copies an integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setiv_mg>.
void sv_setiv(SV* sv, IV num)
=item sv_setnv
-Copies a double into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See
-C<sv_setnv_mg>.
+Copies a double into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setnv_mg>.
void sv_setnv(SV* sv, NV num)
=item sv_setpvn
Copies a string into an SV. The C<len> parameter indicates the number of
-bytes to be copied. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvn_mg>.
+bytes to be copied. If the C<ptr> argument is NULL the SV will become
+undefined. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvn_mg>.
void sv_setpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
SV* sv_setref_iv(SV* rv, const char* classname, IV iv)
argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
SV* sv_setref_nv(SV* rv, const char* classname, NV nv)
the new SV. If the C<pv> argument is NULL then C<PL_sv_undef> will be placed
into the SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
Do not use with other Perl types such as HV, AV, SV, CV, because those
objects will become corrupted by the pointer copy process.
string must be specified with C<n>. The C<rv> argument will be upgraded to
an RV. That RV will be modified to point to the new SV. The C<classname>
argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set C<classname> to
-C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have
-a reference count of 1.
+C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV will have a reference count
+of 1, and the RV will be returned.
Note that C<sv_setref_pv> copies the pointer while this copies the string.
argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
SV* sv_setref_uv(SV* rv, const char* classname, UV uv)
=item sv_setsv
-Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV C<dsv>.
-The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal. Does not handle 'set'
-magic. See the macro forms C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal> and
-C<sv_setsv_mg>.
+Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
+C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
+function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
+Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
+content of the destination.
+
+You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
+C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
+C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
void sv_setsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=item sv_setsv_flags
-Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV C<dsv>.
-The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal. Does not handle 'set'
-magic. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<ssv> if
-appropriate, else not. C<sv_setsv> and C<sv_setsv_nomg> are implemented
-in terms of this function.
+Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
+C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
+function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
+Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
+content of the destination.
+If the C<flags> parameter has the C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on
+C<ssv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_setsv> and C<sv_setsv_nomg> are
+implemented in terms of this function.
+
+You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
+C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
+C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
+
+This is the primary function for copying scalars, and most other
+copy-ish functions and macros use this underneath.
void sv_setsv_flags(SV* dsv, SV* ssv, I32 flags)
=item sv_setuv
-Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic.
-See C<sv_setuv_mg>.
+Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setuv_mg>.
void sv_setuv(SV* sv, UV num)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_taint
+
+Taint an SV. Use C<SvTAINTED_on> instead.
+ void sv_taint(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_tainted
+
+Test an SV for taintedness. Use C<SvTAINTED> instead.
+ bool sv_tainted(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_true
Returns true if the SV has a true value by Perl's rules.
+Use the C<SvTRUE> macro instead, which may call C<sv_true()> or may
+instead use an in-line version.
I32 sv_true(SV *sv)
=item sv_unmagic
-Removes magic from an SV.
+Removes all magic of type C<type> from an SV.
int sv_unmagic(SV* sv, int type)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_untaint
+
+Untaint an SV. Use C<SvTAINTED_off> instead.
+ void sv_untaint(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_upgrade
-Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Use C<SvUPGRADE>. See
-C<svtype>.
+Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Generally adds a new body type to the
+SV, then copies across as much information as possible from the old body.
+You generally want to use the C<SvUPGRADE> macro wrapper. See also C<svtype>.
bool sv_upgrade(SV* sv, U32 mt)
the programmer after giving it to sv_usepvn. Does not handle 'set' magic.
See C<sv_usepvn_mg>.
- void sv_usepvn(SV* sv, char* ptr, STRLEN len)
+ void sv_usepvn(SV* sv, char* ptr, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_usepvn_mg
+
+Like C<sv_usepvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+
+ void sv_usepvn_mg(SV *sv, char *ptr, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_utf8_decode
+
+If the PV of the SV is an octet sequence in UTF-8
+and contains a multiple-byte character, the C<SvUTF8> flag is turned on
+so that it looks like a character. If the PV contains only single-byte
+characters, the C<SvUTF8> flag stays being off.
+Scans PV for validity and returns false if the PV is invalid UTF-8.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ bool sv_utf8_decode(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_utf8_downgrade
+
+Attempts to convert the PV of an SV from characters to bytes.
+If the PV contains a character beyond byte, this conversion will fail;
+in this case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
+true, croaks.
+
+This is not as a general purpose Unicode to byte encoding interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ bool sv_utf8_downgrade(SV *sv, bool fail_ok)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_utf8_encode
+
+Converts the PV of an SV to UTF-8, but then turns the C<SvUTF8>
+flag off so that it looks like octets again.
+
+ void sv_utf8_encode(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_utf8_upgrade
+
+Converts the PV of an SV to its UTF-8-encoded form.
+Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
+Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
+if all the bytes have hibit clear.
+
+This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
+ STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_utf8_upgrade_flags
+
+Converts the PV of an SV to its UTF-8-encoded form.
+Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
+Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
+if all the bytes have hibit clear. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set,
+will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_utf8_upgrade> and
+C<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
+
+This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
+ STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(SV *sv, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_uv
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvUVx> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
+
+ UV sv_uv(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_vcatpvfn
+
+Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
+to an SV. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is
+missing (NULL). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via
+C<maybe_tainted> if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of
+locales).
+
+Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_catpvf> and C<sv_catpvf_mg>.
+
+ void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_vsetpvfn
+
+Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
+appending it.
+
+Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_setpvf> and C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
+
+ void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Unicode Support
+
+=over 8
+
+=item bytes_from_utf8
+
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF-8 into byte encoding.
+Unlike <utf8_to_bytes> but like C<bytes_to_utf8>, returns a pointer to
+the newly-created string, and updates C<len> to contain the new
+length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, C<len>
+is unchanged. Do nothing if C<is_utf8> points to 0. Sets C<is_utf8> to
+0 if C<s> is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ U8* bytes_from_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item bytes_to_utf8
+
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF-8 encoding.
+Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
+reflect the new length.
+
+If you want to convert to UTF-8 from other encodings than ASCII,
+see sv_recode_to_utf8().
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ U8* bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item ibcmp_utf8
+
+Return true if the strings s1 and s2 differ case-insensitively, false
+if not (if they are equal case-insensitively). If u1 is true, the
+string s1 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u2 is true,
+the string s2 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u1 or u2
+are false, the respective string is assumed to be in native 8-bit
+encoding.
+
+If the pe1 and pe2 are non-NULL, the scanning pointers will be copied
+in there (they will point at the beginning of the I<next> character).
+If the pointers behind pe1 or pe2 are non-NULL, they are the end
+pointers beyond which scanning will not continue under any
+circustances. If the byte lengths l1 and l2 are non-zero, s1+l1 and
+s2+l2 will be used as goal end pointers that will also stop the scan,
+and which qualify towards defining a successful match: all the scans
+that define an explicit length must reach their goal pointers for
+a match to succeed).
+
+For case-insensitiveness, the "casefolding" of Unicode is used
+instead of upper/lowercasing both the characters, see
+http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/ (Case Mappings).
+
+ I32 ibcmp_utf8(const char* a, char **pe1, UV l1, bool u1, const char* b, char **pe2, UV l2, bool u2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item is_utf8_char
+
+Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8
+character. Note that an INVARIANT (i.e. ASCII) character is a valid
+UTF-8 character. The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character
+will be returned if it is valid, otherwise 0.
+
+ STRLEN is_utf8_char(U8 *p)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item is_utf8_string
+
+Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form a valid
+UTF-8 string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid UTF-8 string' does
+not mean 'a string that contains code points above 0x7F encoded in UTF-8'
+because a valid ASCII string is a valid UTF-8 string.
+
+ bool is_utf8_string(U8 *s, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_usepvn_mg
+=item is_utf8_string_loc
-Like C<sv_usepvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+Like is_ut8_string but store the location of the failure in
+the last argument.
- void sv_usepvn_mg(SV *sv, char *ptr, STRLEN len)
+ bool is_utf8_string_loc(U8 *s, STRLEN len, U8 **p)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_utf8_decode
+=item pv_uni_display
-Convert the octets in the PV from UTF-8 to chars. Scan for validity and then
-turn of SvUTF8 if needed so that we see characters. Used as a building block
-for decode_utf8 in Encode.xs
+Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the string spv,
+length len, the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
+(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
-NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
-removed without notice.
+The flags argument can have UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT set to display
+isPRINT()able characters as themselves, UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH
+to display the \\[nrfta\\] as the backslashed versions (like '\n')
+(UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH is preferred over UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT for \\).
+UNI_DISPLAY_QQ (and its alias UNI_DISPLAY_REGEX) have both
+UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH and UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT turned on.
- bool sv_utf8_decode(SV *sv)
+The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
+
+ char* pv_uni_display(SV *dsv, U8 *spv, STRLEN len, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_utf8_downgrade
+=item sv_cat_decode
-Attempt to convert the PV of an SV from UTF8-encoded to byte encoding.
-This may not be possible if the PV contains non-byte encoding characters;
-if this is the case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
-true, croaks.
+The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, the PV of the ssv is
+assumed to be octets in that encoding and decoding the input starts
+from the position which (PV + *offset) pointed to. The dsv will be
+concatenated the decoded UTF-8 string from ssv. Decoding will terminate
+when the string tstr appears in decoding output or the input ends on
+the PV of the ssv. The value which the offset points will be modified
+to the last input position on the ssv.
-NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
-removed without notice.
+Returns TRUE if the terminator was found, else returns FALSE.
- bool sv_utf8_downgrade(SV *sv, bool fail_ok)
+ bool sv_cat_decode(SV* dsv, SV *encoding, SV *ssv, int *offset, char* tstr, int tlen)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_utf8_encode
+=item sv_recode_to_utf8
-Convert the PV of an SV to UTF8-encoded, but then turn off the C<SvUTF8>
-flag so that it looks like octets again. Used as a building block
-for encode_utf8 in Encode.xs
+The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, on entry the PV
+of the sv is assumed to be octets in that encoding, and the sv
+will be converted into Unicode (and UTF-8).
- void sv_utf8_encode(SV *sv)
+If the sv already is UTF-8 (or if it is not POK), or if the encoding
+is not a reference, nothing is done to the sv. If the encoding is not
+an C<Encode::XS> Encoding object, bad things will happen.
+(See F<lib/encoding.pm> and L<Encode>).
+
+The PV of the sv is returned.
+
+ char* sv_recode_to_utf8(SV* sv, SV *encoding)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_utf8_upgrade
+=item sv_uni_display
-Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
-Forces the SV to string form it it is not already.
-Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
-if all the bytes have hibit clear.
+Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the scalar sv,
+the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
+(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
- STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv)
+The flags argument is as in pv_uni_display().
+
+The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
+
+ char* sv_uni_display(SV *dsv, SV *ssv, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_utf8_upgrade_flags
+=item to_utf8_case
-Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
-Forces the SV to string form it it is not already.
-Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
-if all the bytes have hibit clear. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set,
-will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_utf8_upgrade> and
-C<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
+The "p" contains the pointer to the UTF-8 string encoding
+the character that is being converted.
- STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(SV *sv, I32 flags)
+The "ustrp" is a pointer to the character buffer to put the
+conversion result to. The "lenp" is a pointer to the length
+of the result.
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+The "swashp" is a pointer to the swash to use.
-=item sv_vcatpvfn
+Both the special and normal mappings are stored lib/unicore/To/Foo.pl,
+and loaded by SWASHGET, using lib/utf8_heavy.pl. The special (usually,
+but not always, a multicharacter mapping), is tried first.
-Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
-to an SV. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is
-missing (NULL). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via
-C<maybe_tainted> if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of
-locales).
+The "special" is a string like "utf8::ToSpecLower", which means the
+hash %utf8::ToSpecLower. The access to the hash is through
+Perl_to_utf8_case().
- void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+The "normal" is a string like "ToLower" which means the swash
+%utf8::ToLower.
+
+ UV to_utf8_case(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp, SV **swash, char *normal, char *special)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_vsetpvfn
+=item to_utf8_fold
-Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
-appending it.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its foldcase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_FOLD+1 bytes since the
+foldcase version may be longer than the original character (up to
+three characters).
- void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+The first character of the foldcased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_fold(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item THIS
+=item to_utf8_lower
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
-XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
-L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its lowercase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1 bytes since the
+lowercase version may be longer than the original character (up to two
+characters).
- (whatever) THIS
+The first character of the lowercased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_lower(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item toLOWER
+=item to_utf8_title
-Converts the specified character to lowercase.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its titlecase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1 bytes since the
+titlecase version may be longer than the original character (up to two
+characters).
- char toLOWER(char ch)
+The first character of the titlecased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_title(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item toUPPER
+=item to_utf8_upper
-Converts the specified character to uppercase.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its uppercase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1 bytes since the
+uppercase version may be longer than the original character (up to two
+characters).
- char toUPPER(char ch)
+The first character of the uppercased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_upper(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file utf8.c
=item utf8n_to_uvchr
Returns the native character value of the first character in the string C<s>
-which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
+which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
length, in bytes, of that character.
Allows length and flags to be passed to low level routine.
Bottom level UTF-8 decode routine.
Returns the unicode code point value of the first character in the string C<s>
-which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding and no longer than C<curlen>;
+which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding and no longer than C<curlen>;
C<retlen> will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
-If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, the behaviour
+If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF-8 character, the behaviour
is dependent on the value of C<flags>: if it contains UTF8_CHECK_ONLY,
it is assumed that the caller will raise a warning, and this function
will silently just set C<retlen> to C<-1> and return zero. If the
=item utf8_distance
-Returns the number of UTF8 characters between the UTF-8 pointers C<a>
+Returns the number of UTF-8 characters between the UTF-8 pointers C<a>
and C<b>.
WARNING: use only if you *know* that the pointers point inside the
=item utf8_to_bytes
-Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF-8 into byte encoding.
Unlike C<bytes_to_utf8>, this over-writes the original string, and
updates len to contain the new length.
Returns zero on failure, setting C<len> to -1.
=item utf8_to_uvchr
Returns the native character value of the first character in the string C<s>
-which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
+which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
length, in bytes, of that character.
-If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is
+If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF-8 character, zero is
returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
UV utf8_to_uvchr(U8 *s, STRLEN* retlen)
=item utf8_to_uvuni
Returns the Unicode code point of the first character in the string C<s>
-which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
+which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
length, in bytes, of that character.
This function should only be used when returned UV is considered
an index into the Unicode semantic tables (e.g. swashes).
-If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is
+If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF-8 character, zero is
returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
UV utf8_to_uvuni(U8 *s, STRLEN* retlen)
=item uvchr_to_utf8
-Adds the UTF8 representation of the Native codepoint C<uv> to the end
+Adds the UTF-8 representation of the Native codepoint C<uv> to the end
of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
end of the new character. In other words,
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
-=item uvuni_to_utf8
+=item uvuni_to_utf8_flags
-Adds the UTF8 representation of the Unicode codepoint C<uv> to the end
+Adds the UTF-8 representation of the Unicode codepoint C<uv> to the end
of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
end of the new character. In other words,
- d = uvuni_to_utf8(d, uv);
-
-is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
-
- *(d++) = uv;
-
- U8* uvuni_to_utf8(U8 *d, UV uv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
-
-=item warn
-
-This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Use this
-function the same way you use the C C<printf> function. See
-C<croak>.
-
- void warn(const char* pat, ...)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
-
-=item XPUSHi
-
-Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
-'set' magic. See C<PUSHi>.
-
- void XPUSHi(IV iv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, flags);
-=item XPUSHn
+or, in most cases,
-Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
-'set' magic. See C<PUSHn>.
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8(d, uv);
- void XPUSHn(NV nv)
+(which is equivalent to)
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, 0);
-=item XPUSHp
+is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
-Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
-indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
-C<PUSHp>.
+ *(d++) = uv;
- void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+ U8* uvuni_to_utf8_flags(U8 *d, UV uv, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-
-=item XPUSHs
-
-Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
-handle 'set' magic. See C<PUSHs>.
-
- void XPUSHs(SV* sv)
+Found in file utf8.c
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-=item XPUSHu
+=back
-Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
-See C<PUSHu>.
+=head1 Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
- void XPUSHu(UV uv)
+=over 8
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+=item ax
-=item XS
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the stack base offset,
+used by the C<ST>, C<XSprePUSH> and C<XSRETURN> macros. The C<dMARK> macro
+must be called prior to setup the C<MARK> variable.
-Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
-C<xsubpp>.
+ I32 ax
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN
+=item CLASS
-Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
-handled by C<xsubpp>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
+class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
- void XSRETURN(int nitems)
+ char* CLASS
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_EMPTY
+=item dAX
-Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
+Sets up the C<ax> variable.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
- XSRETURN_EMPTY;
+ dAX;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_IV
+=item dITEMS
-Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
+Sets up the C<items> variable.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
- void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
+ dITEMS;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_NO
+=item dUNDERBAR
-Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
+Sets up the C<padoff_du> variable for an XSUB that wishes to use
+C<UNDERBAR>.
- XSRETURN_NO;
+ dUNDERBAR;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_NV
+=item dXSARGS
-Return an double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
+Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK.
+Sets up the C<ax> and C<items> variables by calling C<dAX> and C<dITEMS>.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
- void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
+ dXSARGS;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_PV
+=item dXSI32
-Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
+Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
+handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
- void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
+ dXSI32;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_UNDEF
+=item items
-Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
+items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
- XSRETURN_UNDEF;
+ I32 items
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_YES
+=item ix
-Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
+XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
- XSRETURN_YES;
+ I32 ix
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mIV
-
-Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
-value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+=item newXSproto
- void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
+Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
+the subs.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mNO
+=item RETVAL
-Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
+XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
+L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
- void XST_mNO(int pos)
+ (whatever) RETVAL
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mNV
+=item ST
-Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
-is stored in a new mortal SV.
+Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
- void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
+ SV* ST(int ix)
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mPV
+=item THIS
-Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
-The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
+XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
+L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
- void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
+ (whatever) THIS
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mUNDEF
-
-Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+=item UNDERBAR
- void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
+The SV* corresponding to the $_ variable. Works even if there
+is a lexical $_ in scope.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mYES
-
-Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+=item XS
- void XST_mYES(int pos)
+Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
+C<xsubpp>.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Zero
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
-destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
+=back
- void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
+=head1 Warning and Dieing
+
+=over 8
+
+=item croak
+
+This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
+Normally call this function the same way you call the C C<printf>
+function. Calling C<croak> returns control directly to Perl,
+sidestepping the normal C order of execution. See C<warn>.
+
+If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
+C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
+
+ errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
+ sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
+ croak(Nullch);
+
+ void croak(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item warn
+
+This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Call this
+function the same way you call the C C<printf> function. See C<croak>.
+
+ void warn(const char* pat, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
=back
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff