The listing is alphabetical, case insensitive.
+
+=head1 "Gimme" Values
+
+=over 8
+
+=item GIMME
+
+A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
+C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
+Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
+
+ U32 GIMME
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.h
+
+=item GIMME_V
+
+The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
+C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
+respectively.
+
+ U32 GIMME_V
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.h
+
+=item G_ARRAY
+
+Used to indicate list context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_DISCARD
+
+Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_EVAL
+
+Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_NOARGS
+
+Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_SCALAR
+
+Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_VOID
+
+Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Array Manipulation Functions
+
=over 8
=item AvFILL
=for hackers
Found in file av.c
-=item ax
+=item get_av
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the stack base offset,
-used by the C<ST>, C<XSprePUSH> and C<XSRETURN> macros. The C<dMARK> macro
-must be called prior to setup the C<MARK> variable.
+Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
- I32 ax
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+
+ AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file perl.c
-=item bytes_from_utf8
+=item newAV
-Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
-Unlike <utf8_to_bytes> but like C<bytes_to_utf8>, returns a pointer to
-the newly-created string, and updates C<len> to contain the new
-length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, C<len>
-is unchanged. Do nothing if C<is_utf8> points to 0. Sets C<is_utf8> to
-0 if C<s> is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
+Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
-NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
-removed without notice.
+ AV* newAV()
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file av.c
+
+=item Nullav
+
+Null AV pointer.
- U8* bytes_from_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file av.h
-=item bytes_to_utf8
+=item sortsv
-Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
-Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
-reflect the new length.
+Sort an array. Here is an example:
-NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
-removed without notice.
+ sortsv(AvARRAY(av), av_len(av)+1, Perl_sv_cmp_locale);
- U8* bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
+See lib/sort.pm for details about controlling the sorting algorithm.
+
+ void sortsv(SV ** array, size_t num_elts, SVCOMPARE_t cmp)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file pp_sort.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Callback Functions
+
+=over 8
=item call_argv
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item CLASS
+=item ENTER
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
-class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
+Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
- char* CLASS
+ ENTER;
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item Copy
+=item eval_pv
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
-source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
-the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
+Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
- void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+ SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
-=item croak
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
-This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
-Normally use this function the same way you use the C C<printf>
-function. See C<warn>.
+=item eval_sv
-If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
-C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
+Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
- errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
- sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
- croak(Nullch);
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- void croak(const char* pat, ...)
+ I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file perl.c
-=item CvSTASH
+=item FREETMPS
-Returns the stash of the CV.
+Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
+L<perlcall>.
- HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv)
+ FREETMPS;
=for hackers
-Found in file cv.h
-
-=item cv_const_sv
+Found in file scope.h
-If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
-value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
+=item LEAVE
-Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
-L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
+Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
- SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv)
+ LEAVE;
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
+Found in file scope.h
-=item dAX
+=item SAVETMPS
-Sets up the C<ax> variable.
-This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
+Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
+L<perlcall>.
- dAX;
+ SAVETMPS;
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item dITEMS
-Sets up the C<items> variable.
-This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
+=back
- dITEMS;
+=head1 Character classes
-=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+=over 8
-=item dMARK
+=item isALNUM
-Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
-C<dORIGMARK>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
+character (including underscore) or digit.
- dMARK;
+ bool isALNUM(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dORIGMARK
+=item isALPHA
-Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
+character.
- dORIGMARK;
+ bool isALPHA(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dSP
+=item isDIGIT
-Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
-the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
+digit.
- dSP;
+ bool isDIGIT(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dXSARGS
+=item isLOWER
-Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK.
-Sets up the C<ax> and C<items> variables by calling C<dAX> and C<dITEMS>.
-This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
+character.
- dXSARGS;
+ bool isLOWER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dXSI32
+=item isSPACE
-Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
-handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
- dXSI32;
+ bool isSPACE(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item ENTER
+=item isUPPER
-Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
+character.
- ENTER;
+ bool isUPPER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item eval_pv
+=item toLOWER
-Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
+Converts the specified character to lowercase.
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+ char toLOWER(char ch)
- SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item toUPPER
+
+Converts the specified character to uppercase.
+
+ char toUPPER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item eval_sv
-Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
+=back
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+=head1 Cloning an interpreter
- I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
+=over 8
-=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+=item perl_clone
-=item EXTEND
+Create and return a new interpreter by cloning the current one.
-Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
-used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
-onto the stack.
+perl_clone takes these flags as paramters:
+
+CLONEf_COPY_STACKS - is used to, well, copy the stacks also,
+without it we only clone the data and zero the stacks,
+with it we copy the stacks and the new perl interpreter is
+ready to run at the exact same point as the previous one.
+The pseudo-fork code uses COPY_STACKS while the
+threads->new doesn't.
+
+CLONEf_KEEP_PTR_TABLE
+perl_clone keeps a ptr_table with the pointer of the old
+variable as a key and the new variable as a value,
+this allows it to check if something has been cloned and not
+clone it again but rather just use the value and increase the
+refcount. If KEEP_PTR_TABLE is not set then perl_clone will kill
+the ptr_table using the function
+C<ptr_table_free(PL_ptr_table); PL_ptr_table = NULL;>,
+reason to keep it around is if you want to dup some of your own
+variable who are outside the graph perl scans, example of this
+code is in threads.xs create
+
+CLONEf_CLONE_HOST
+This is a win32 thing, it is ignored on unix, it tells perls
+win32host code (which is c++) to clone itself, this is needed on
+win32 if you want to run two threads at the same time,
+if you just want to do some stuff in a separate perl interpreter
+and then throw it away and return to the original one,
+you don't need to do anything.
- void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
+ PerlInterpreter* perl_clone(PerlInterpreter* interp, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item fbm_compile
-Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
--- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
+=back
- void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
+=head1 CV Manipulation Functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+=over 8
-=item fbm_instr
+=item CvSTASH
-Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
-C<strend>. It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
-does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
-then.
+Returns the stash of the CV.
- char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
+ HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file cv.h
-=item form
+=item get_cv
-Takes a sprintf-style format pattern and conventional
-(non-SV) arguments and returns the formatted string.
+Returns the CV of the specified Perl subroutine. If C<create> is set and
+the Perl subroutine does not exist then it will be declared (which has the
+same effect as saying C<sub name;>). If C<create> is not set and the
+subroutine does not exist then NULL is returned.
- (char *) Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
-can be used any place a string (char *) is required:
+ CV* get_cv(const char* name, I32 create)
- char * s = Perl_form("%d.%d",major,minor);
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
-Uses a single private buffer so if you want to format several strings you
-must explicitly copy the earlier strings away (and free the copies when you
-are done).
+=item Nullcv
+
+Null CV pointer.
- char* form(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file cv.h
-=item FREETMPS
-Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
-L<perlcall>.
+=back
- FREETMPS;
+=head1 Embedding Functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+=over 8
-=item getcwd_sv
+=item cv_undef
-Fill the sv with current working directory
+Clear out all the active components of a CV. This can happen either
+by an explicit C<undef &foo>, or by the reference count going to zero.
+In the former case, we keep the CvOUTSIDE pointer, so that any anonymous
+children can still follow the full lexical scope chain.
- int getcwd_sv(SV* sv)
+ void cv_undef(CV* cv)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
-
-=item get_av
+Found in file op.c
-Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+=item load_module
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
+Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
+Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
+PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
+(or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
+similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
+arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
+method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
- AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
+ void load_module(U32 flags, SV* name, SV* ver, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
-
-=item get_cv
+Found in file op.c
-Returns the CV of the specified Perl subroutine. If C<create> is set and
-the Perl subroutine does not exist then it will be declared (which has the
-same effect as saying C<sub name;>). If C<create> is not set and the
-subroutine does not exist then NULL is returned.
+=item nothreadhook
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Stub that provides thread hook for perl_destruct when there are
+no threads.
- CV* get_cv(const char* name, I32 create)
+ int nothreadhook()
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item get_hv
-
-Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+=item perl_alloc
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
- HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
+ PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item get_sv
-
-Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+=item perl_construct
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
- SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
+ void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item GIMME
+=item perl_destruct
-A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
-C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
-Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
+Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
- U32 GIMME
+ int perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.h
+Found in file perl.c
-=item GIMME_V
+=item perl_free
-The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
-C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
-respectively.
+Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
- U32 GIMME_V
+ void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.h
+Found in file perl.c
-=item grok_bin
+=item perl_parse
-converts a string representing a binary number to numeric form.
+Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
-On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
-conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
-The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character.
-On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
-output flags.
+ int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
-If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
-and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_bin>
-returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
-and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
-is NULL).
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
-The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0b" or "b" unless
-C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
-C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the binary
-number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+=item perl_run
- UV grok_bin(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
+Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
+Found in file perl.c
-=item grok_hex
+=item require_pv
-converts a string representing a hex number to numeric form.
+Tells Perl to C<require> the file named by the string argument. It is
+analogous to the Perl code C<eval "require '$file'">. It's even
+implemented that way; consider using Perl_load_module instead.
-On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
-conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
-The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first non-hex-digit character.
-On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
-output flags.
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
-If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
-and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_hex>
-returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
-and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
-is NULL).
+ void require_pv(const char* pv)
-The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0x" or "x" unless
-C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
-C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the hex
-number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
- UV grok_hex(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
-=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
+=back
-=item grok_number
+=head1 Functions in file pp_pack.c
-Recognise (or not) a number. The type of the number is returned
-(0 if unrecognised), otherwise it is a bit-ORed combination of
-IS_NUMBER_IN_UV, IS_NUMBER_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX, IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT,
-IS_NUMBER_NEG, IS_NUMBER_INFINITY, IS_NUMBER_NAN (defined in perl.h).
-If the value of the number can fit an in UV, it is returned in the *valuep
-IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set to indicate that *valuep is valid, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
-will never be set unless *valuep is valid, but *valuep may have been assigned
-to during processing even though IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set on return.
-If valuep is NULL, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set for the same cases as when
-valuep is non-NULL, but no actual assignment (or SEGV) will occur.
+=over 8
-IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT will be set with IS_NUMBER_IN_UV if trailing decimals were
-seen (in which case *valuep gives the true value truncated to an integer), and
-IS_NUMBER_NEG if the number is negative (in which case *valuep holds the
-absolute value). IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set if e notation was used or the
-number is larger than a UV.
+=item pack_cat
- int grok_number(const char *pv, STRLEN len, UV *valuep)
+The engine implementing pack() Perl function.
+
+ void pack_cat(SV *cat, char *pat, char *patend, SV **beglist, SV **endlist, SV ***next_in_list, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
+Found in file pp_pack.c
-=item grok_numeric_radix
+=item unpack_str
-Scan and skip for a numeric decimal separator (radix).
+The engine implementing unpack() Perl function.
- bool grok_numeric_radix(const char **sp, const char *send)
+ I32 unpack_str(char *pat, char *patend, char *s, char *strbeg, char *strend, char **new_s, I32 ocnt, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
+Found in file pp_pack.c
-=item grok_oct
+=back
- UV grok_oct(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
+=head1 Global Variables
-=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
+=over 8
+
+=item PL_modglobal
+
+C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
+extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
+In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
+to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
+prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
+
+ HV* PL_modglobal
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_na
+
+A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
+doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
+to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
+C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
+
+ STRLEN PL_na
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file thrdvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_no
+
+This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
+C<&PL_sv_no>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_no
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_undef
+
+This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_undef
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_yes
+
+This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
+C<&PL_sv_yes>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_yes
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 GV Functions
+
+=over 8
=item GvSV
=for hackers
Found in file gv.c
+=item gv_fetchmeth_autoload
+
+Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
+Returns a glob for the subroutine.
+
+For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
+if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
+of the result may be zero.
+
+ GV* gv_fetchmeth_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file gv.c
+
=item gv_stashpv
Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
=for hackers
Found in file gv.c
-=item G_ARRAY
-Used to indicate list context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
-L<perlcall>.
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+=head1 Handy Values
-=item G_DISCARD
+=over 8
-Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
-L<perlcall>.
+=item HEf_SVKEY
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
+specifies the structure contains an C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
+is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
-=item G_EVAL
-Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
-L<perlcall>.
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+=item Nullch
+
+Null character pointer.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item G_NOARGS
+=item Nullsv
-Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
-L<perlcall>.
+Null SV pointer.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item G_SCALAR
-Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
-L<perlcall>.
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+=head1 Hash Manipulation Functions
-=item G_VOID
+=over 8
-Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
+=item get_hv
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
-=item HEf_SVKEY
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
-This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
-specifies the structure contains an C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
-is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
+ HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file perl.c
=item HeHASH
hash buckets that happen to be in use. If you still need that esoteric
value, you can get it through the macro C<HvFILL(tb)>.
+
I32 hv_iterinit(HV* tb)
=for hackers
Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit>.
+You may call C<hv_delete> or C<hv_delete_ent> on the hash entry that the
+iterator currently points to, without losing your place or invalidating your
+iterator. Note that in this case the current entry is deleted from the hash
+with your iterator holding the last reference to it. Your iterator is flagged
+to free the entry on the next call to C<hv_iternext>, so you must not discard
+your iterator immediately else the entry will leak - call C<hv_iternext> to
+trigger the resource deallocation.
+
HE* hv_iternext(HV* tb)
=for hackers
=for hackers
Found in file hv.c
+=item hv_iternext_flags
+
+Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit> and C<hv_iternext>.
+The C<flags> value will normally be zero; if HV_ITERNEXT_WANTPLACEHOLDERS is
+set the placeholders keys (for restricted hashes) will be returned in addition
+to normal keys. By default placeholders are automatically skipped over.
+Currently a placeholder is implemented with a value that is literally
+<&Perl_sv_undef> (a regular C<undef> value is a normal read-write SV for which
+C<!SvOK> is false). Note that the implementation of placeholders and
+restricted hashes may change, and the implementation currently is
+insufficiently abstracted for any change to be tidy.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ HE* hv_iternext_flags(HV* tb, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
=item hv_iterval
Returns the value from the current position of the hash iterator. See
stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise it can
be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note that the caller is
responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of C<val> before
-the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
+the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL. Effectively
+a successful hv_store takes ownership of one reference to C<val>. This is
+usually what you want; a newly created SV has a reference count of one, so
+if all your code does is create SVs then store them in a hash, hv_store
+will own the only reference to the new SV, and your code doesn't need to do
+anything further to tidy up. hv_store is not implemented as a call to
+hv_store_ent, and does not create a temporary SV for the key, so if your
+key data is not already in SV form then use hv_store in preference to
+hv_store_ent.
See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
contents of the return value can be accessed using the C<He?> macros
described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably
incrementing the reference count of C<val> before the call, and
-decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
+decrementing it if the function returned NULL. Effectively a successful
+hv_store_ent takes ownership of one reference to C<val>. This is
+usually what you want; a newly created SV has a reference count of one, so
+if all your code does is create SVs then store them in a hash, hv_store
+will own the only reference to the new SV, and your code doesn't need to do
+anything further to tidy up. Note that hv_store_ent only reads the C<key>;
+unlike C<val> it does not take ownership of it, so maintaining the correct
+reference count on C<key> is entirely the caller's responsibility. hv_store
+is not implemented as a call to hv_store_ent, and does not create a temporary
+SV for the key, so if your key data is not already in SV form then use
+hv_store in preference to hv_store_ent.
See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
=for hackers
Found in file hv.c
-=item ibcmp_utf8
-
-Return true if the strings s1 and s2 differ case-insensitively, false
-if not (if they are equal case-insensitively). If u1 is true, the
-string s1 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u2 is true,
-the string s2 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode.
-
-For case-insensitiveness, the "casefolding" of Unicode is used
-instead of upper/lowercasing both the characters, see
-http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/ (Case Mappings).
+=item newHV
-If either length is (STRLEN)-1 the scan will continue until a match is
-found. If both lengths are (STRLEN)-1, true is returned (as a sign of
-non-match). In the case of a match, the f1 and f2 are updated to record
-how far the comparison proceeded.
+Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
- I32 ibcmp_utf8(const char* a, I32 len1, bool u1, char **ae, const char* b, I32 len2, bool u2, char **be)
+ HV* newHV()
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file hv.c
-=item isALNUM
+=item Nullhv
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
-character (including underscore) or digit.
+Null HV pointer.
- bool isALNUM(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file hv.h
-=item isALPHA
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
-character.
+=back
- bool isALPHA(char ch)
+=head1 Magical Functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+=over 8
-=item isDIGIT
+=item mg_clear
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
-digit.
+Clear something magical that the SV represents. See C<sv_magic>.
- bool isDIGIT(char ch)
+ int mg_clear(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item isLOWER
+=item mg_copy
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
-character.
+Copies the magic from one SV to another. See C<sv_magic>.
- bool isLOWER(char ch)
+ int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item isSPACE
+=item mg_find
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
+Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- bool isSPACE(char ch)
+ MAGIC* mg_find(SV* sv, int type)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item isUPPER
+=item mg_free
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
-character.
+Free any magic storage used by the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- bool isUPPER(char ch)
+ int mg_free(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item is_utf8_char
+=item mg_get
-Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8
-character. Note that an INVARIANT (i.e. ASCII) character is a valid UTF-8 character.
-The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character will be returned if
-it is valid, otherwise 0.
+Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- STRLEN is_utf8_char(U8 *p)
+ int mg_get(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file mg.c
-=item is_utf8_string
+=item mg_length
-Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form a valid UTF8
-string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid UTF8 string' does not mean
-'a string that contains UTF8' because a valid ASCII string is a valid
-UTF8 string.
+Report on the SV's length. See C<sv_magic>.
- bool is_utf8_string(U8 *s, STRLEN len)
+ U32 mg_length(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file mg.c
-=item items
+=item mg_magical
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
-items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
+Turns on the magical status of an SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- I32 items
+ void mg_magical(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item ix
+=item mg_set
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
-XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
+Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- I32 ix
+ int mg_set(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item LEAVE
+=item SvGETMAGIC
-Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
+Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
+argument more than once.
- LEAVE;
+ void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item load_module
+=item SvLOCK
-Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
-Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
-Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
-PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
-(or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
-similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
-arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
-method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
+Arranges for a mutual exclusion lock to be obtained on sv if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
- void load_module(U32 flags, SV* name, SV* ver, ...)
+ void SvLOCK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item looks_like_number
+=item SvSETMAGIC
-Test if the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
-C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not issue a
-non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
+Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
+argument more than once.
- I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
+ void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item MARK
+=item SvSetMagicSV
-Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
+Like C<SvSetSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
+
+ void SvSetMagicSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_clear
+=item SvSetMagicSV_nosteal
-Clear something magical that the SV represents. See C<sv_magic>.
+Like C<SvSetMagicSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
- int mg_clear(SV* sv)
+ void SvSetMagicSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_copy
+=item SvSetSV
-Copies the magic from one SV to another. See C<sv_magic>.
+Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
+more than once.
- int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
+ void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_find
+=item SvSetSV_nosteal
-Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
+ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
- MAGIC* mg_find(SV* sv, int type)
+ void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_free
+=item SvSHARE
-Free any magic storage used by the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Arranges for sv to be shared between threads if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
- int mg_free(SV* sv)
+ void SvSHARE(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_get
-Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+=back
- int mg_get(SV* sv)
+=head1 Memory Management
+
+=over 8
+
+=item Copy
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
+source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
+the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
+
+ void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item mg_length
+=item Move
-Report on the SV's length. See C<sv_magic>.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
+source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
+the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
- U32 mg_length(SV* sv)
+ void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item mg_magical
+=item New
-Turns on the magical status of an SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
- void mg_magical(SV* sv)
+ void New(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item mg_set
+=item Newc
-Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
+cast.
- int mg_set(SV* sv)
+ void Newc(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item Move
+=item NEWSV
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
-source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
-the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
+Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
+bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
+tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
+space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
+C<id> is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
- void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+
+ SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file handy.h
-=item New
+=item Newz
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
+memory is zeroed with C<memzero>.
- void New(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
Found in file handy.h
-=item newAV
+=item Poison
-Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
+Fill up memory with a pattern (byte 0xAB over and over again) that
+hopefully catches attempts to access uninitialized memory.
- AV* newAV()
+ void Poison(void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file av.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item Newc
+=item Renew
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
+
+ void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Renewc
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
cast.
- void Newc(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+ void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
=for hackers
Found in file handy.h
-=item newCONSTSUB
+=item Safefree
-Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
-eligible for inlining at compile-time.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
- CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
+ void Safefree(void* ptr)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newHV
+=item savepv
-Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
+Perl's version of C<strdup()>. Returns a pointer to a newly allocated
+string which is a duplicate of C<pv>. The size of the string is
+determined by C<strlen()>. The memory allocated for the new string can
+be freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
- HV* newHV()
+ char* savepv(const char* pv)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item newRV_inc
+=item savepvn
-Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
-incremented.
+Perl's version of what C<strndup()> would be if it existed. Returns a
+pointer to a newly allocated string which is a duplicate of the first
+C<len> bytes from C<pv>. The memory allocated for the new string can be
+freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
- SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
+ char* savepvn(const char* pv, I32 len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item newRV_noinc
+=item savesharedpv
-Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
-SV is B<not> incremented.
+A version of C<savepv()> which allocates the duplicate string in memory
+which is shared between threads.
- SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
+ char* savesharedpv(const char* pv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item NEWSV
+=item StructCopy
-Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
-bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
-tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
-space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
-C<id> is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
+This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
- SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
+ void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
=for hackers
Found in file handy.h
-=item newSV
+=item Zero
-Create a new null SV, or if len > 0, create a new empty SVt_PV type SV
-with an initial PV allocation of len+1. Normally accessed via the C<NEWSV>
-macro.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
+destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
- SV* newSV(STRLEN len)
+ void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newSViv
-Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1.
+=back
- SV* newSViv(IV i)
+=head1 Miscellaneous Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item fbm_compile
+
+Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
+-- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
+
+ void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item newSVnv
+=item fbm_instr
-Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
-The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
+C<strend>. It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
+does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
+then.
- SV* newSVnv(NV n)
+ char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item newSVpv
+=item form
-Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
-strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
+Takes a sprintf-style format pattern and conventional
+(non-SV) arguments and returns the formatted string.
- SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+ (char *) Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
+
+can be used any place a string (char *) is required:
+
+ char * s = Perl_form("%d.%d",major,minor);
+
+Uses a single private buffer so if you want to format several strings you
+must explicitly copy the earlier strings away (and free the copies when you
+are done).
+
+ char* form(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item newSVpvf
+=item getcwd_sv
-Creates a new SV and initializes it with the string formatted like
-C<sprintf>.
+Fill the sv with current working directory
- SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
+ int getcwd_sv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item newSVpvn
+=item strEQ
-Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
-string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
-C<len> bytes long.
+Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
- SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+ bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newSVpvn_share
+=item strGE
-Creates a new SV with its SvPVX pointing to a shared string in the string
-table. If the string does not already exist in the table, it is created
-first. Turns on READONLY and FAKE. The string's hash is stored in the UV
-slot of the SV; if the C<hash> parameter is non-zero, that value is used;
-otherwise the hash is computed. The idea here is that as the string table
-is used for shared hash keys these strings will have SvPVX == HeKEY and
-hash lookup will avoid string compare.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
+the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
- SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash)
+ bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newSVrv
+=item strGT
-Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
-it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
-be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
-reference count is 1.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
+C<s2>. Returns true or false.
- SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
+ bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strLE
+
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
+second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strLT
+
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
+C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strNE
+
+Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
+false.
+
+ bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strnEQ
+
+Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
+the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
+C<strncmp>).
+
+ bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strnNE
+
+Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
+indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
+wrapper for C<strncmp>).
+
+ bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Numeric functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item grok_bin
+
+converts a string representing a binary number to numeric form.
+
+On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
+conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
+The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character.
+On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
+output flags.
+
+If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
+and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_bin>
+returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
+and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
+is NULL).
+
+The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0b" or "b" unless
+C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
+C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the binary
+number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+
+ UV grok_bin(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item grok_hex
+
+converts a string representing a hex number to numeric form.
+
+On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
+conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
+The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first non-hex-digit character.
+On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
+output flags.
+
+If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
+and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_hex>
+returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
+and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
+is NULL).
+
+The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0x" or "x" unless
+C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
+C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the hex
+number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+
+ UV grok_hex(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item grok_number
+
+Recognise (or not) a number. The type of the number is returned
+(0 if unrecognised), otherwise it is a bit-ORed combination of
+IS_NUMBER_IN_UV, IS_NUMBER_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX, IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT,
+IS_NUMBER_NEG, IS_NUMBER_INFINITY, IS_NUMBER_NAN (defined in perl.h).
+
+If the value of the number can fit an in UV, it is returned in the *valuep
+IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set to indicate that *valuep is valid, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
+will never be set unless *valuep is valid, but *valuep may have been assigned
+to during processing even though IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set on return.
+If valuep is NULL, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set for the same cases as when
+valuep is non-NULL, but no actual assignment (or SEGV) will occur.
+
+IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT will be set with IS_NUMBER_IN_UV if trailing decimals were
+seen (in which case *valuep gives the true value truncated to an integer), and
+IS_NUMBER_NEG if the number is negative (in which case *valuep holds the
+absolute value). IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set if e notation was used or the
+number is larger than a UV.
+
+ int grok_number(const char *pv, STRLEN len, UV *valuep)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item grok_numeric_radix
+
+Scan and skip for a numeric decimal separator (radix).
+
+ bool grok_numeric_radix(const char **sp, const char *send)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item grok_oct
+
+
+ UV grok_oct(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item scan_bin
+
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_bin> instead.
+
+ NV scan_bin(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item scan_hex
+
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_hex> instead.
+
+ NV scan_hex(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item scan_oct
+
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_oct> instead.
+
+ NV scan_oct(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item cv_const_sv
-=item newSVsv
+If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
+value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
-Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
-(Uses C<sv_setsv>).
+Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
+L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
- SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
+ SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file op.c
-=item newSVuv
+=item newCONSTSUB
-Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
-The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
+eligible for inlining at compile-time.
- SV* newSVuv(UV u)
+ CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file op.c
=item newXS
=for hackers
Found in file op.c
-=item newXSproto
-Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
-the subs.
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+=head1 Pad Data Structures
-=item Newz
+=over 8
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
-memory is zeroed with C<memzero>.
+=item pad_sv
- void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+Get the value at offset po in the current pad.
+Use macro PAD_SV instead of calling this function directly.
+
+ SV* pad_sv(PADOFFSET po)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file pad.c
-=item new_vstring
-Returns a pointer to the next character after the parsed
-vstring, as well as updating the passed in sv.
+=back
-Function must be called like
+=head1 Stack Manipulation Macros
+
+=over 8
- sv = NEWSV(92,5);
- s = new_vstring(s,sv);
+=item dMARK
-The sv must already be large enough to store the vstring
-passed in.
+Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
+C<dORIGMARK>.
- char* new_vstring(char *vstr, SV *sv)
+ dMARK;
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item Nullav
+=item dORIGMARK
-Null AV pointer.
+Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
+
+ dORIGMARK;
=for hackers
-Found in file av.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item Nullch
+=item dSP
-Null character pointer.
+Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
+the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
+
+ dSP;
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item Nullcv
+=item EXTEND
-Null CV pointer.
+Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
+used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
+onto the stack.
+
+ void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
=for hackers
-Found in file cv.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item Nullhv
+=item MARK
-Null HV pointer.
+Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item Nullsv
+=item ORIGMARK
-Null SV pointer.
+The original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<dORIGMARK>.
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item ORIGMARK
+=item POPi
-The original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<dORIGMARK>.
+Pops an integer off the stack.
+
+ IV POPi
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_alloc
+=item POPl
-Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Pops a long off the stack.
- PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
+ long POPl
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_clone
+=item POPn
-Create and return a new interpreter by cloning the current one.
+Pops a double off the stack.
- PerlInterpreter* perl_clone(PerlInterpreter* interp, UV flags)
+ NV POPn
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_construct
+=item POPp
-Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Pops a string off the stack. Deprecated. New code should provide
+a STRLEN n_a and use POPpx.
- void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ char* POPp
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_destruct
+=item POPpbytex
-Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Pops a string off the stack which must consist of bytes i.e. characters < 256.
+Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
- int perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ char* POPpbytex
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_free
+=item POPpx
-Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Pops a string off the stack.
+Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
- void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ char* POPpx
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_parse
+=item POPs
-Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
+Pops an SV off the stack.
- int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
+ SV* POPs
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_run
+=item PUSHi
-Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
+Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHi>.
- int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ void PUSHi(IV iv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item PL_modglobal
+=item PUSHMARK
-C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
-extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
-In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
-to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
-prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
+Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
+L<perlcall>.
- HV* PL_modglobal
+ PUSHMARK;
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item PL_na
+=item PUSHn
-A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
-doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
-to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
-C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
+Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHn>.
- STRLEN PL_na
+ void PUSHn(NV nv)
=for hackers
-Found in file thrdvar.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item PL_sv_no
+=item PUSHp
-This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
-C<&PL_sv_no>.
+Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
+C<XPUSHp>.
- SV PL_sv_no
+ void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item PL_sv_undef
+=item PUSHs
-This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
+Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHs>.
- SV PL_sv_undef
+ void PUSHs(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item PL_sv_yes
+=item PUSHu
-This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
-C<&PL_sv_yes>.
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
+element. See C<XPUSHu>.
- SV PL_sv_yes
+ void PUSHu(UV uv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item POPi
+=item PUTBACK
-Pops an integer off the stack.
+Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
+See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
- IV POPi
+ PUTBACK;
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPl
+=item SP
-Pops a long off the stack.
+Stack pointer. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>. See C<dSP> and
+C<SPAGAIN>.
- long POPl
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item SPAGAIN
+
+Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
+
+ SPAGAIN;
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPn
+=item XPUSHi
-Pops a double off the stack.
+Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. See C<PUSHi>.
- NV POPn
+ void XPUSHi(IV iv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPp
+=item XPUSHn
-Pops a string off the stack. Deprecated. New code should provide
-a STRLEN n_a and use POPpx.
+Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. See C<PUSHn>.
- char* POPp
+ void XPUSHn(NV nv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPpbytex
+=item XPUSHp
-Pops a string off the stack which must consist of bytes i.e. characters < 256.
-Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
+indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
+C<PUSHp>.
- char* POPpbytex
+ void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPpx
+=item XPUSHs
-Pops a string off the stack.
-Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
+handle 'set' magic. See C<PUSHs>.
- char* POPpx
+ void XPUSHs(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPs
+=item XPUSHu
-Pops an SV off the stack.
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
+See C<PUSHu>.
- SV* POPs
+ void XPUSHu(UV uv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item PUSHi
+=item XSRETURN
-Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHi>.
+Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
+handled by C<xsubpp>.
- void PUSHi(IV iv)
+ void XSRETURN(int nitems)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item PUSHMARK
+=item XSRETURN_IV
-Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
- PUSHMARK;
+ void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item PUSHn
+=item XSRETURN_NO
-Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHn>.
+Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
- void PUSHn(NV nv)
+ XSRETURN_NO;
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item PUSHp
+=item XSRETURN_NV
-Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
-C<XPUSHp>.
+Return a double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
- void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+ void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item PUSHs
+=item XSRETURN_PV
-Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHs>.
+Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
- void PUSHs(SV* sv)
+ void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item PUSHu
+=item XSRETURN_UNDEF
-Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
-element. See C<XPUSHu>.
+Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
- void PUSHu(UV uv)
+ XSRETURN_UNDEF;
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item PUTBACK
+=item XSRETURN_YES
-Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
-See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
+Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
- PUTBACK;
+ XSRETURN_YES;
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item pv_uni_display
+=item XST_mIV
-Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the string spv,
-length len, the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
-(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
-The flags argument is currently unused but available for future extensions.
-The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
+Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
+value is stored in a new mortal SV.
- char* pv_uni_display(SV *dsv, U8 *spv, STRLEN len, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
+ void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Renew
+=item XST_mNO
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
+Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
- void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ void XST_mNO(int pos)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Renewc
+=item XST_mNV
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
-cast.
+Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
+is stored in a new mortal SV.
- void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+ void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item require_pv
+Found in file XSUB.h
-Tells Perl to C<require> the file named by the string argument. It is
-analogous to the Perl code C<eval "require '$file'">. It's even
-implemented that way; consider using Perl_load_module instead.
+=item XST_mPV
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
+The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
- void require_pv(const char* pv)
+ void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item RETVAL
+=item XST_mUNDEF
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
-XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
-L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
+Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
- (whatever) RETVAL
+ void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Safefree
+=item XST_mYES
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
+Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
- void Safefree(void* ptr)
+ void XST_mYES(int pos)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item savepv
+Found in file XSUB.h
-Copy a string to a safe spot. This does not use an SV.
- char* savepv(const char* sv)
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+=head1 SV Flags
-=item savepvn
+=over 8
-Copy a string to a safe spot. The C<len> indicates number of bytes to
-copy. This does not use an SV.
+=item svtype
- char* savepvn(const char* sv, I32 len)
+An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
+in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
-
-=item SAVETMPS
+Found in file sv.h
-Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
-L<perlcall>.
+=item SVt_IV
- SAVETMPS;
+Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item scan_bin
+=item SVt_NV
-For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_bin> instead.
+Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
- NV scan_bin(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_PV
+
+Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item scan_hex
+=item SVt_PVAV
-For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_hex> instead.
+Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
- NV scan_hex(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_PVCV
+
+Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item scan_oct
+=item SVt_PVHV
-For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_oct> instead.
+Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
- NV scan_oct(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_PVMG
+
+Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item sharedsv_find
-Tries to find if a given SV has a shared backend, either by
-looking at magic, or by checking if it is tied again threads::shared.
+=back
- shared_sv* sharedsv_find(SV* sv)
+=head1 SV Manipulation Functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
+=over 8
-=item sharedsv_init
+=item get_sv
+
+Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
-Saves a space for keeping SVs wider than an interpreter,
-currently only stores a pointer to the first interpreter.
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- void sharedsv_init()
+ SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
+Found in file perl.c
-=item sharedsv_lock
+=item looks_like_number
+
+Test if the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
+C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not issue a
+non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
-Recursive locks on a sharedsv.
-Locks are dynamically scoped at the level of the first lock.
- void sharedsv_lock(shared_sv* ssv)
+ I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newRV_inc
-=item sharedsv_new
+Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
+incremented.
-Allocates a new shared sv struct, you must yourself create the SV/AV/HV.
- shared_sv* sharedsv_new()
+ SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item sharedsv_thrcnt_dec
+=item newRV_noinc
-Decrements the threadcount of a shared sv. When a threads frontend is freed
-this function should be called.
+Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
+SV is B<not> incremented.
- void sharedsv_thrcnt_dec(shared_sv* ssv)
+ SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newSV
-=item sharedsv_thrcnt_inc
+Create a new null SV, or if len > 0, create a new empty SVt_PV type SV
+with an initial PV allocation of len+1. Normally accessed via the C<NEWSV>
+macro.
-Increments the threadcount of a sharedsv.
- void sharedsv_thrcnt_inc(shared_sv* ssv)
+ SV* newSV(STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
+Found in file sv.c
-=item sharedsv_unlock
+=item newSViv
-Recursively unlocks a shared sv.
+Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1.
- void sharedsv_unlock(shared_sv* ssv)
+ SV* newSViv(IV i)
=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
-
-=item sortsv
+Found in file sv.c
-Sort an array. Here is an example:
+=item newSVnv
- sortsv(AvARRAY(av), av_len(av)+1, Perl_sv_cmp_locale);
+Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
+The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
- void sortsv(SV ** array, size_t num_elts, SVCOMPARE_t cmp)
+ SV* newSVnv(NV n)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp_sort.c
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SP
+=item newSVpv
-Stack pointer. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>. See C<dSP> and
-C<SPAGAIN>.
+Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
+strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
+
+ SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SPAGAIN
+=item newSVpvf
-Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
+Creates a new SV and initializes it with the string formatted like
+C<sprintf>.
- SPAGAIN;
+ SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item ST
+=item newSVpvn
-Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
+Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
+string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
+C<len> bytes long.
- SV* ST(int ix)
+ SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strEQ
+=item newSVpvn_share
-Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV with its SvPVX pointing to a shared string in the string
+table. If the string does not already exist in the table, it is created
+first. Turns on READONLY and FAKE. The string's hash is stored in the UV
+slot of the SV; if the C<hash> parameter is non-zero, that value is used;
+otherwise the hash is computed. The idea here is that as the string table
+is used for shared hash keys these strings will have SvPVX == HeKEY and
+hash lookup will avoid string compare.
- bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strGE
+=item newSVrv
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
-the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
+it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
+be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
+reference count is 1.
- bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strGT
+=item newSVsv
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
-C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
+(Uses C<sv_setsv>).
- bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strLE
+=item newSVuv
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
-second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
+The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
- bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVuv(UV u)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strLT
+=item new_version
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
-C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Returns a new version object based on the passed in SV:
- bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV *sv = new_version(SV *ver);
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Does not alter the passed in ver SV. See "upg_version" if you
+want to upgrade the SV.
-=item strNE
+ SV* new_version(SV *ver)
-Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
-false.
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
- bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
+=item scan_version
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Returns a pointer to the next character after the parsed
+version string, as well as upgrading the passed in SV to
+an RV.
-=item strnEQ
+Function must be called with an already existing SV like
-Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
-the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
-C<strncmp>).
+ sv = NEWSV(92,0);
+ s = scan_version(s,sv);
- bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+Performs some preprocessing to the string to ensure that
+it has the correct characteristics of a version. Flags the
+object if it contains an underscore (which denotes this
+is a beta version).
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+ char* scan_version(char *vstr, SV *sv)
-=item strnNE
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
-Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
-indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
-wrapper for C<strncmp>).
+=item scan_vstring
- bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+Returns a pointer to the next character after the parsed
+vstring, as well as updating the passed in sv.
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Function must be called like
-=item StructCopy
+ sv = NEWSV(92,5);
+ s = scan_vstring(s,sv);
-This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
+The sv should already be large enough to store the vstring
+passed in, for performance reasons.
- void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
+ char* scan_vstring(char *vstr, SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
=item SvCUR
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvGETMAGIC
-
-Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
-argument more than once.
-
- void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
=item SvGROW
Expands the character buffer in the SV so that it has room for the
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvIVX
+=item SvIVx
-Returns the raw value in the SV's IV slot, without checks or conversions.
-Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvIV()>.
+Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
+sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvIV> otherwise.
- IV SvIVX(SV* sv)
+ IV SvIVx(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvIVx
+=item SvIVX
-Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
-sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvIV> otherwise.
+Returns the raw value in the SV's IV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvIV()>.
- IV SvIVx(SV* sv)
+ IV SvIVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNVx
+=item SvNVX
-Coerces the given SV to a double and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
-sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvNV> otherwise.
+Returns the raw value in the SV's NV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvNOK is true. See also C<SvNV()>.
- NV SvNVx(SV* sv)
+ NV SvNVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNVX
+=item SvNVx
-Returns the raw value in the SV's NV slot, without checks or conversions.
-Only use when you are sure SvNOK is true. See also C<SvNV()>.
+Coerces the given SV to a double and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
+sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvNV> otherwise.
- NV SvNVX(SV* sv)
+ NV SvNVx(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
=item SvPV
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
-if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic. See also
+Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of
+the SV if the SV does not contain a string. The SV may cache the
+stringified version becoming C<SvPOK>. Handles 'get' magic. See also
C<SvPVx> for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
char* SvPV(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPVX
+=item SvPVx
-Returns a pointer to the physical string in the SV. The SV must contain a
-string.
+A version of C<SvPV> which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
- char* SvPVX(SV* sv)
+ char* SvPVx(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPVx
+=item SvPVX
-A version of C<SvPV> which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
+Returns a pointer to the physical string in the SV. The SV must contain a
+string.
- char* SvPVx(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+ char* SvPVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
=item SvPV_force
-Like <SvPV> but will force the SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want
-force if you are going to update the SvPVX directly.
+Like C<SvPV> but will force the SV into containing just a string
+(C<SvPOK_only>). You want force if you are going to update the C<SvPVX>
+directly.
char* SvPV_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=item SvPV_force_nomg
-Like <SvPV> but will force the SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want
-force if you are going to update the SvPVX directly. Doesn't process magic.
+Like C<SvPV> but will force the SV into containing just a string
+(C<SvPOK_only>). You want force if you are going to update the C<SvPVX>
+directly. Doesn't process magic.
char* SvPV_force_nomg(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=item SvPV_nolen
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
-if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
+Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of
+the SV if the SV does not contain a string. The SV may cache the
+stringified form becoming C<SvPOK>. Handles 'get' magic.
char* SvPV_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvSETMAGIC
-
-Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
-argument more than once.
-
- void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvSetMagicSV
-
-Like C<SvSetSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
-
- void SvSetMagicSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvSetMagicSV_nosteal
-
-Like C<SvSetMagicSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
-
- void SvSetMagicSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvSetSV
-
-Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
-more than once.
-
- void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvSetSV_nosteal
-
-Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
-ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
-
- void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
=item SvSTASH
Returns the stash of the SV.
standard perl fashion, via a carefully crafted regexp, rather than directly
untainting variables.
- void SvTAINTED_off(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvTAINTED_on
-
-Marks an SV as tainted.
-
- void SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvTRUE
-
-Returns a boolean indicating whether Perl would evaluate the SV as true or
-false, defined or undefined. Does not handle 'get' magic.
-
- bool SvTRUE(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item svtype
-
-An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
-in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvTYPE
-
-Returns the type of the SV. See C<svtype>.
-
- svtype SvTYPE(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SVt_IV
-
-Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+ void SvTAINTED_off(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_NV
-
-Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+=item SvTAINTED_on
-=item SVt_PV
+Marks an SV as tainted.
-Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+ void SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVAV
+=item SvTRUE
-Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether Perl would evaluate the SV as true or
+false, defined or undefined. Does not handle 'get' magic.
+
+ bool SvTRUE(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVCV
+=item SvTYPE
-Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
+Returns the type of the SV. See C<svtype>.
+
+ svtype SvTYPE(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVHV
-
-Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
+=item SvUNLOCK
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Releases a mutual exclusion lock on sv if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
-=item SVt_PVMG
-Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
+ void SvUNLOCK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
+=item SvUVX
+
+Returns the raw value in the SV's UV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvUV()>.
+
+ UV SvUVX(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
=item SvUVx
Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it. Guarantees to
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvUVX
+=item SvVOK
-Returns the raw value in the SV's UV slot, without checks or conversions.
-Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvUV()>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a v-string.
- UV SvUVX(SV* sv)
+ bool SvVOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_copypv
+
+Copies a stringified representation of the source SV into the
+destination SV. Automatically performs any necessary mg_get and
+coercion of numeric values into strings. Guaranteed to preserve
+UTF-8 flag even from overloaded objects. Similar in nature to
+sv_2pv[_flags] but operates directly on an SV instead of just the
+string. Mostly uses sv_2pv_flags to do its work, except when that
+would lose the UTF-8'ness of the PV.
+
+ void sv_copypv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_dec
Auto-decrement of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
-an xpvmg. The C<flags> parameter gets passed to C<sv_unref_flags()>
-when unrefing. C<sv_force_normal> calls this function with flags set to 0.
+an xpvmg; if we're a copy-on-write scalar, this is the on-write time when
+we do the copy, and is also used locally. If C<SV_COW_DROP_PV> is set
+then a copy-on-write scalar drops its PV buffer (if any) and becomes
+SvPOK_off rather than making a copy. (Used where this scalar is about to be
+set to some other value.) In addition, the C<flags> parameter gets passed to
+C<sv_unref_flags()> when unrefing. C<sv_force_normal> calls this function
+with flags set to 0.
void sv_force_normal_flags(SV *sv, U32 flags)
Adds magic to an SV. First upgrades C<sv> to type C<SVt_PVMG> if necessary,
then adds a new magic item of type C<how> to the head of the magic list.
-C<name> is assumed to contain an C<SV*> if C<(name && namelen == HEf_SVKEY)>
-
void sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_magicext
+
+Adds magic to an SV, upgrading it if necessary. Applies the
+supplied vtable and returns pointer to the magic added.
+
+Note that sv_magicext will allow things that sv_magic will not.
+In particular you can add magic to SvREADONLY SVs and and more than
+one instance of the same 'how'
+
+I C<namelen> is greater then zero then a savepvn() I<copy> of C<name> is stored,
+if C<namelen> is zero then C<name> is stored as-is and - as another special
+case - if C<(name && namelen == HEf_SVKEY)> then C<name> is assumed to contain
+an C<SV*> and has its REFCNT incremented
+
+(This is now used as a subroutine by sv_magic.)
+
+ MAGIC * sv_magicext(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, MGVTBL *vtbl, const char* name, I32 namlen )
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_mortalcopy
Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV (using C<sv_setsv>).
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_nolocking
+
+Dummy routine which "locks" an SV when there is no locking module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could potentially warn under
+some level of strict-ness.
+
+ void sv_nolocking(SV *)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item sv_nosharing
+
+Dummy routine which "shares" an SV when there is no sharing module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could potentially warn under
+some level of strict-ness.
+
+ void sv_nosharing(SV *)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item sv_nounlocking
+
+Dummy routine which "unlocks" an SV when there is no locking module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could potentially warn under
+some level of strict-ness.
+
+ void sv_nounlocking(SV *)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
=item sv_nv
A private implementation of the C<SvNVx> macro for compilers which can't
=item sv_pv
-A private implementation of the C<SvPV_nolen> macro for compilers which can't
-cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
+Use the C<SvPV_nolen> macro instead
char* sv_pv(SV *sv)
=item sv_pvbyte
-A private implementation of the C<SvPVbyte_nolen> macro for compilers
-which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
-instead.
+Use C<SvPVbyte_nolen> instead.
char* sv_pvbyte(SV *sv)
=item sv_pvutf8
-A private implementation of the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro for compilers
-which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
-instead.
+Use the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro instead
char* sv_pvutf8(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_recode_to_utf8
-
-The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, on entry the PV
-of the sv is assumed to be octets in that encoding, and the sv
-will be converted into Unicode (and UTF-8).
-
-If the sv already is UTF-8 (or if it is not POK), or if the encoding
-is not a reference, nothing is done to the sv. If the encoding is not
-an C<Encode::XS> Encoding object, bad things will happen.
-(See F<lib/encoding.pm> and L<Encode>).
-
-The PV of the sv is returned.
-
- char* sv_recode_to_utf8(SV* sv, SV *encoding)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
=item sv_reftype
Returns a string describing what the SV is a reference to.
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_setpviv
-
-Copies an integer into the given SV, also updating its string value.
-Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpviv_mg>.
-
- void sv_setpviv(SV* sv, IV num)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
-=item sv_setpviv_mg
-
-Like C<sv_setpviv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
-
- void sv_setpviv_mg(SV *sv, IV iv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
=item sv_setpvn
Copies a string into an SV. The C<len> parameter indicates the number of
C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
-
void sv_setsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_uni_display
-
-Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the scalar sv,
-he displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
-(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
-The flags argument is currently unused but available for future extensions.
-The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
-
- char* sv_uni_display(SV *dsv, SV *ssv, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
-
=item sv_unmagic
Removes all magic of type C<type> from an SV.
if this is the case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
true, croaks.
+This is not as a general purpose Unicode to byte encoding interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
removed without notice.
Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
if all the bytes have hibit clear.
+This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv)
=for hackers
will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_utf8_upgrade> and
C<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
+This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(SV *sv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_catpvf> and C<sv_catpvf_mg>.
- void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+ void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_vsetpvfn
+
+Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
+appending it.
+
+Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_setpvf> and C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
+
+ void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item upg_version
+
+In-place upgrade of the supplied SV to a version object.
+
+ SV *sv = upg_version(SV *sv);
+
+Returns a pointer to the upgraded SV.
+
+ SV* upg_version(SV *ver)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item vcmp
+
+Version object aware cmp. Both operands must already have been
+converted into version objects.
+
+ int vcmp(SV *lvs, SV *rvs)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item vnumify
+
+Accepts a version object and returns the normalized floating
+point representation. Call like:
+
+ sv = vnumify(rv);
+
+NOTE: you can pass either the object directly or the SV
+contained within the RV.
+
+ SV* vnumify(SV *vs)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item vstringify
+
+Accepts a version object and returns the normalized string
+representation. Call like:
+
+ sv = vstringify(rv);
+
+NOTE: you can pass either the object directly or the SV
+contained within the RV.
+
+ SV* vstringify(SV *vs)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Unicode Support
+
+=over 8
+
+=item bytes_from_utf8
+
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
+Unlike <utf8_to_bytes> but like C<bytes_to_utf8>, returns a pointer to
+the newly-created string, and updates C<len> to contain the new
+length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, C<len>
+is unchanged. Do nothing if C<is_utf8> points to 0. Sets C<is_utf8> to
+0 if C<s> is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ U8* bytes_from_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item bytes_to_utf8
+
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
+Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
+reflect the new length.
+
+If you want to convert to UTF8 from other encodings than ASCII,
+see sv_recode_to_utf8().
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ U8* bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item ibcmp_utf8
+
+Return true if the strings s1 and s2 differ case-insensitively, false
+if not (if they are equal case-insensitively). If u1 is true, the
+string s1 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u2 is true,
+the string s2 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u1 or u2
+are false, the respective string is assumed to be in native 8-bit
+encoding.
+
+If the pe1 and pe2 are non-NULL, the scanning pointers will be copied
+in there (they will point at the beginning of the I<next> character).
+If the pointers behind pe1 or pe2 are non-NULL, they are the end
+pointers beyond which scanning will not continue under any
+circustances. If the byte lengths l1 and l2 are non-zero, s1+l1 and
+s2+l2 will be used as goal end pointers that will also stop the scan,
+and which qualify towards defining a successful match: all the scans
+that define an explicit length must reach their goal pointers for
+a match to succeed).
+
+For case-insensitiveness, the "casefolding" of Unicode is used
+instead of upper/lowercasing both the characters, see
+http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/ (Case Mappings).
+
+ I32 ibcmp_utf8(const char* a, char **pe1, UV l1, bool u1, const char* b, char **pe2, UV l2, bool u2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item is_utf8_char
+
+Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8
+character. Note that an INVARIANT (i.e. ASCII) character is a valid
+UTF-8 character. The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character
+will be returned if it is valid, otherwise 0.
+
+ STRLEN is_utf8_char(U8 *p)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item is_utf8_string
+
+Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form a valid
+UTF8 string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid UTF8 string' does
+not mean 'a string that contains code points above 0x7F encoded in
+UTF8' because a valid ASCII string is a valid UTF8 string.
+
+ bool is_utf8_string(U8 *s, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item pv_uni_display
+
+Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the string spv,
+length len, the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
+(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
+
+The flags argument can have UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT set to display
+isPRINT()able characters as themselves, UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH
+to display the \\[nrfta\\] as the backslashed versions (like '\n')
+(UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH is preferred over UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT for \\).
+UNI_DISPLAY_QQ (and its alias UNI_DISPLAY_REGEX) have both
+UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH and UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT turned on.
+
+The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
+
+ char* pv_uni_display(SV *dsv, U8 *spv, STRLEN len, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_vsetpvfn
+=item sv_cat_decode
-Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
-appending it.
+The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, the PV of the ssv is
+assumed to be octets in that encoding and decoding the input starts
+from the position which (PV + *offset) pointed to. The dsv will be
+concatenated the decoded UTF-8 string from ssv. Decoding will terminate
+when the string tstr appears in decoding output or the input ends on
+the PV of the ssv. The value which the offset points will be modified
+to the last input position on the ssv.
-Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_setpvf> and C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
+Returns TRUE if the terminator was found, else returns FALSE.
- void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+ bool sv_cat_decode(SV* dsv, SV *encoding, SV *ssv, int *offset, char* tstr, int tlen)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item THIS
+=item sv_recode_to_utf8
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
-XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
-L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
+The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, on entry the PV
+of the sv is assumed to be octets in that encoding, and the sv
+will be converted into Unicode (and UTF-8).
- (whatever) THIS
+If the sv already is UTF-8 (or if it is not POK), or if the encoding
+is not a reference, nothing is done to the sv. If the encoding is not
+an C<Encode::XS> Encoding object, bad things will happen.
+(See F<lib/encoding.pm> and L<Encode>).
-=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+The PV of the sv is returned.
-=item toLOWER
+ char* sv_recode_to_utf8(SV* sv, SV *encoding)
-Converts the specified character to lowercase.
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
- char toLOWER(char ch)
+=item sv_uni_display
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the scalar sv,
+the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
+(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
-=item toUPPER
+The flags argument is as in pv_uni_display().
-Converts the specified character to uppercase.
+The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
- char toUPPER(char ch)
+ char* sv_uni_display(SV *dsv, SV *ssv, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file utf8.c
=item to_utf8_case
conversion result to. The "lenp" is a pointer to the length
of the result.
-The "swash" is a pointer to the swash to use.
+The "swashp" is a pointer to the swash to use.
-The "normal" is a string like "ToLower" which means the swash
-$utf8::ToLower, which is stored in lib/unicore/To/Lower.pl,
-and loaded by SWASHGET, using lib/utf8_heavy.pl.
+Both the special and normal mappings are stored lib/unicore/To/Foo.pl,
+and loaded by SWASHGET, using lib/utf8_heavy.pl. The special (usually,
+but not always, a multicharacter mapping), is tried first.
-The "special" is a string like "utf8::ToSpecLower", which means
-the hash %utf8::ToSpecLower, which is stored in the same file,
-lib/unicore/To/Lower.pl, and also loaded by SWASHGET. The access
-to the hash is by Perl_to_utf8_case().
+The "special" is a string like "utf8::ToSpecLower", which means the
+hash %utf8::ToSpecLower. The access to the hash is through
+Perl_to_utf8_case().
+
+The "normal" is a string like "ToLower" which means the swash
+%utf8::ToLower.
UV to_utf8_case(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp, SV **swash, char *normal, char *special)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
-=item warn
-
-This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Use this
-function the same way you use the C C<printf> function. See
-C<croak>.
-
- void warn(const char* pat, ...)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
-
-=item XPUSHi
-
-Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
-'set' magic. See C<PUSHi>.
-
- void XPUSHi(IV iv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-
-=item XPUSHn
-
-Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
-'set' magic. See C<PUSHn>.
-
- void XPUSHn(NV nv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-
-=item XPUSHp
-
-Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
-indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
-C<PUSHp>.
-
- void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-
-=item XPUSHs
-
-Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
-handle 'set' magic. See C<PUSHs>.
-
- void XPUSHs(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-=item XPUSHu
+=back
-Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
-See C<PUSHu>.
+=head1 Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
- void XPUSHu(UV uv)
+=over 8
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+=item ax
-=item XS
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the stack base offset,
+used by the C<ST>, C<XSprePUSH> and C<XSRETURN> macros. The C<dMARK> macro
+must be called prior to setup the C<MARK> variable.
-Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
-C<xsubpp>.
+ I32 ax
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN
+=item CLASS
-Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
-handled by C<xsubpp>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
+class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
- void XSRETURN(int nitems)
+ char* CLASS
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_EMPTY
+=item dAX
-Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
+Sets up the C<ax> variable.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
- XSRETURN_EMPTY;
+ dAX;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_IV
+=item dITEMS
-Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
+Sets up the C<items> variable.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
- void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
+ dITEMS;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_NO
+=item dXSARGS
-Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
+Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK.
+Sets up the C<ax> and C<items> variables by calling C<dAX> and C<dITEMS>.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
- XSRETURN_NO;
+ dXSARGS;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_NV
+=item dXSI32
-Return a double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
+Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
+handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
- void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
+ dXSI32;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_PV
+=item items
-Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
+items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
- void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
+ I32 items
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_UNDEF
+=item ix
-Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
+XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
- XSRETURN_UNDEF;
+ I32 ix
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_YES
-
-Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
+=item newXSproto
- XSRETURN_YES;
+Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
+the subs.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mIV
+=item RETVAL
-Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
-value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
+XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
+L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
- void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
+ (whatever) RETVAL
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mNO
+=item ST
-Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
- void XST_mNO(int pos)
+ SV* ST(int ix)
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mNV
+=item THIS
-Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
-is stored in a new mortal SV.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
+XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
+L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
- void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
+ (whatever) THIS
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mPV
-
-Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
-The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+=item XS
- void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
+Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
+C<xsubpp>.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mUNDEF
-
-Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
-
- void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+=item XSRETURN_EMPTY
-=item XST_mYES
+Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
-Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
- void XST_mYES(int pos)
+ XSRETURN_EMPTY;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Zero
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
-destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
+=back
- void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
+=head1 Warning and Dieing
+
+=over 8
+
+=item croak
+
+This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
+Normally use this function the same way you use the C C<printf>
+function. See C<warn>.
+
+If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
+C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
+
+ errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
+ sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
+ croak(Nullch);
+
+ void croak(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item warn
+
+This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Use this
+function the same way you use the C C<printf> function. See
+C<croak>.
+
+ void warn(const char* pat, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
=back
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff