The listing is alphabetical, case insensitive.
+
+=head1 "Gimme" Values
+
+=over 8
+
+=item GIMME
+
+A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
+C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
+Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
+
+ U32 GIMME
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.h
+
+=item GIMME_V
+
+The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
+C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
+respectively.
+
+ U32 GIMME_V
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.h
+
+=item G_ARRAY
+
+Used to indicate list context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_DISCARD
+
+Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_EVAL
+
+Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_NOARGS
+
+Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_SCALAR
+
+Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_VOID
+
+Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Array Manipulation Functions
+
=over 8
=item AvFILL
=for hackers
Found in file av.c
-=item bytes_to_utf8
+=item get_av
-Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
-Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
-reflect the new length.
+Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- U8 * bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
+ AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item newAV
+
+Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
+
+ AV* newAV()
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file av.c
+
+=item Nullav
+
+Null AV pointer.
+
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file av.h
+
+=item sortsv
+
+Sort an array. Here is an example:
+
+ sortsv(AvARRAY(av), av_len(av)+1, Perl_sv_cmp_locale);
+
+ void sortsv(SV ** array, size_t num_elts, SVCOMPARE_t cmp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp_sort.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Callback Functions
+
+=over 8
=item call_argv
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item CLASS
+=item ENTER
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
-class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
+Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
- char* CLASS
+ ENTER;
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item Copy
+=item eval_pv
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
-source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
-the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
+Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
- void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+ SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
-=item croak
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
-This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
-Normally use this function the same way you use the C C<printf>
-function. See C<warn>.
+=item eval_sv
-If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
-C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
+Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
- errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
- sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
- croak(Nullch);
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- void croak(const char* pat, ...)
+ I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file perl.c
-=item CvSTASH
+=item FREETMPS
-Returns the stash of the CV.
+Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
+L<perlcall>.
- HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv)
+ FREETMPS;
=for hackers
-Found in file cv.h
-
-=item cv_const_sv
+Found in file scope.h
-If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
-value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
+=item LEAVE
-Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
-L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
+Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
- SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv)
+ LEAVE;
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
+Found in file scope.h
-=item dMARK
+=item SAVETMPS
-Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
-C<dORIGMARK>.
+Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
+L<perlcall>.
- dMARK;
+ SAVETMPS;
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item dORIGMARK
-Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
+=back
- dORIGMARK;
+=head1 Character classes
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+=over 8
-=item dSP
+=item isALNUM
-Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
-the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
+character (including underscore) or digit.
- dSP;
+ bool isALNUM(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dXSARGS
+=item isALPHA
-Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK. This
-is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>. Declares the C<items>
-variable to indicate the number of items on the stack.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
+character.
- dXSARGS;
+ bool isALPHA(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dXSI32
+=item isDIGIT
-Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
-handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
+digit.
- dXSI32;
+ bool isDIGIT(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item ENTER
+=item isLOWER
-Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
+character.
- ENTER;
+ bool isLOWER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
-
-=item eval_pv
+Found in file handy.h
-Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
+=item isSPACE
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
- SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
+ bool isSPACE(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
-
-=item eval_sv
+Found in file handy.h
-Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
+=item isUPPER
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
+character.
- I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
+ bool isUPPER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item EXTEND
+=item toLOWER
-Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
-used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
-onto the stack.
+Converts the specified character to lowercase.
- void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
+ char toLOWER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item fbm_compile
+=item toUPPER
-Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
--- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
+Converts the specified character to uppercase.
- void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
+ char toUPPER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item fbm_instr
-Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
-C<strend>. It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
-does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
-then.
+=back
- char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
+=head1 Cloning an interpreter
-=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+=over 8
-=item FREETMPS
+=item perl_clone
-Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Create and return a new interpreter by cloning the current one.
- FREETMPS;
+ PerlInterpreter* perl_clone(PerlInterpreter* interp, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item get_av
-Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+=back
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+=head1 CV Manipulation Functions
- AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
+=over 8
+
+=item CvSTASH
+
+Returns the stash of the CV.
+
+ HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file cv.h
=item get_cv
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item get_hv
+=item Nullcv
-Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+Null CV pointer.
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
+=for hackers
+Found in file cv.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Embedding Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item load_module
+
+Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
+Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
+Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
+PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
+(or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
+similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
+arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
+method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
+
+ void load_module(U32 flags, SV* name, SV* ver, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+=item perl_alloc
+
+Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item get_sv
+=item perl_construct
-Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_destruct
+
+Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ int perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_free
+
+Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_parse
+
+Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_run
+
+Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item require_pv
+
+Tells Perl to C<require> the file named by the string argument. It is
+analogous to the Perl code C<eval "require '$file'">. It's even
+implemented that way; consider using Perl_load_module instead.
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
+ void require_pv(const char* pv)
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item GIMME
-A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
-C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
-Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
+=back
- U32 GIMME
+=head1 Global Variables
+
+=over 8
+
+=item PL_modglobal
+
+C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
+extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
+In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
+to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
+prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
+
+ HV* PL_modglobal
=for hackers
-Found in file op.h
+Found in file intrpvar.h
-=item GIMME_V
+=item PL_na
-The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
-C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
-respectively.
+A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
+doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
+to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
+C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
- U32 GIMME_V
+ STRLEN PL_na
=for hackers
-Found in file op.h
+Found in file thrdvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_no
+
+This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
+C<&PL_sv_no>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_no
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_undef
+
+This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_undef
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_yes
+
+This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
+C<&PL_sv_yes>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_yes
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 GV Functions
+
+=over 8
=item GvSV
Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
-accessible via @ISA and @UNIVERSAL.
+accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
=for hackers
Found in file gv.c
-=item G_ARRAY
-Used to indicate list context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
-L<perlcall>.
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+=head1 Handy Values
-=item G_DISCARD
+=over 8
-Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
-L<perlcall>.
+=item HEf_SVKEY
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
+specifies the structure contains an C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
+is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
-=item G_EVAL
-Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
-L<perlcall>.
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+
+=item Nullch
+Null character pointer.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item G_NOARGS
+=item Nullsv
-Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
-L<perlcall>.
+Null SV pointer.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item G_SCALAR
-Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
-L<perlcall>.
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+=head1 Hash Manipulation Functions
-=item G_VOID
+=over 8
-Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
+=item get_hv
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
-=item HEf_SVKEY
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
-This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
-specifies the structure contains a C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
-is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
+ HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file perl.c
=item HeHASH
Returns the SV which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. The
C<klen> is the length of the key. If C<lval> is set then the fetch will be
part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before
-dereferencing it to a C<SV*>.
+dereferencing it to an C<SV*>.
See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
compute it. The return value is the new hash entry so created. It will be
NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise the
-contents of the return value can be accessed using the C<He???> macros
+contents of the return value can be accessed using the C<He?> macros
described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably
incrementing the reference count of C<val> before the call, and
decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
=for hackers
Found in file hv.c
-=item isALNUM
+=item newHV
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
-character (including underscore) or digit.
+Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
- bool isALNUM(char ch)
+ HV* newHV()
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item isALPHA
-
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
-character.
-
- bool isALPHA(char ch)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item isDIGIT
-
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
-digit.
-
- bool isDIGIT(char ch)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item isLOWER
-
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
-character.
-
- bool isLOWER(char ch)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item isSPACE
-
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
-
- bool isSPACE(char ch)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item isUPPER
-
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
-character.
-
- bool isUPPER(char ch)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item items
-
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
-items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
-
- I32 items
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
-
-=item ix
-
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
-XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
-
- I32 ix
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file hv.c
-=item LEAVE
+=item Nullhv
-Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
+Null HV pointer.
- LEAVE;
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
-
-=item looks_like_number
-
-Test if an the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a
-number). C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not
-issue a non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
-
- I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
+Found in file hv.h
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-=item MARK
+=back
-Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
+=head1 Magical Functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+=over 8
=item mg_clear
=for hackers
Found in file mg.c
-=item Move
+=item SvGETMAGIC
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
-source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
-the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
+Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
+argument more than once.
- void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+ void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item New
+=item SvSETMAGIC
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
+Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
+argument more than once.
- void New(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newAV
+=item SvSetMagicSV
-Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
+Like C<SvSetSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
- AV* newAV()
+ void SvSetMagicSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file av.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Newc
+=item SvSetSV
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
-cast.
+Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
+more than once.
- void Newc(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+ void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newCONSTSUB
+=item SvSetSV_nosteal
-Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
-eligible for inlining at compile-time.
+Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
+ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
- CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
+ void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newHV
-Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
+=back
- HV* newHV()
+=head1 Memory Management
+
+=over 8
+
+=item Copy
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
+source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
+the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
+
+ void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newRV_inc
+=item Move
-Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
-incremented.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
+source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
+the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
- SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
+ void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newRV_noinc
+=item New
-Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
-SV is B<not> incremented.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
- SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
+ void New(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Newc
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
+cast.
+
+ void Newc(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
=item NEWSV
space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
C<id> is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
+
SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file handy.h
-=item newSViv
+=item Newz
-Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
+memory is zeroed with C<memzero>.
- SV* newSViv(IV i)
+ void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newSVnv
+=item Renew
-Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
-The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
- SV* newSVnv(NV n)
+ void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newSVpv
+=item Renewc
-Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
-strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
+cast.
- SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+ void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newSVpvf
+=item Safefree
-Creates a new SV an initialize it with the string formatted like
-C<sprintf>.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
- SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
+ void Safefree(void* ptr)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newSVpvn
+=item savepv
-Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
-string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
-C<len> bytes long.
+Copy a string to a safe spot. This does not use an SV.
- SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+ char* savepv(const char* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item newSVpvn_share
+=item savepvn
-Creates a new SV and populates it with a string from
-the string table. Turns on READONLY and FAKE.
-The idea here is that as string table is used for shared hash
-keys these strings will have SvPVX == HeKEY and hash lookup
-will avoid string compare.
+Copy a string to a safe spot. The C<len> indicates number of bytes to
+copy. This does not use an SV.
- SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash)
+ char* savepvn(const char* sv, I32 len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item newSVrv
+=item StructCopy
-Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
-it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
-be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
-reference count is 1.
+This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
- SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
+ void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newSVsv
+=item Zero
-Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
+destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
- SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
+ void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item newSVuv
-Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
-The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+=back
- SV* newSVuv(UV u)
+=head1 Miscellaneous Functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+=over 8
-=item newXS
+=item fbm_compile
-Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs.
+Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
+-- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
+
+ void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item newXSproto
+=item fbm_instr
-Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
-the subs.
+Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
+C<strend>. It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
+does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
+then.
+
+ char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item Newz
+=item form
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
-memory is zeroed with C<memzero>.
+Takes a sprintf-style format pattern and conventional
+(non-SV) arguments and returns the formatted string.
- void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ (char *) Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
+
+can be used any place a string (char *) is required:
+
+ char * s = Perl_form("%d.%d",major,minor);
+
+Uses a single private buffer so if you want to format several strings you
+must explicitly copy the earlier strings away (and free the copies when you
+are done).
+
+ char* form(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item Nullav
+=item getcwd_sv
-Null AV pointer.
+Fill the sv with current working directory
+
+ int getcwd_sv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file av.h
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item strEQ
-=item Nullch
+Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
-Null character pointer.
+ bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
Found in file handy.h
-=item Nullcv
+=item strGE
-Null CV pointer.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
+the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file cv.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item Nullhv
+=item strGT
-Null HV pointer.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
+C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item Nullsv
+=item strLE
-Null SV pointer.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
+second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
Found in file handy.h
-=item ORIGMARK
+=item strLT
-The original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<dORIGMARK>.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
+C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item perl_alloc
+=item strNE
-Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
+false.
- PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
+ bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item perl_construct
+=item strnEQ
-Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
+the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
+C<strncmp>).
- void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item perl_destruct
+=item strnNE
-Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
+indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
+wrapper for C<strncmp>).
- void perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item perl_free
-Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+=back
- void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+=head1 Numeric functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item grok_bin
+
+converts a string representing a binary number to numeric form.
+
+On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
+conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
+The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character.
+On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
+output flags.
+
+If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
+and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_bin>
+returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
+and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
+is NULL).
+
+The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0b" or "b" unless
+C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
+C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the binary
+number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+
+ UV grok_bin(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item perl_parse
+=item grok_hex
-Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
+converts a string representing a hex number to numeric form.
- int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
+On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
+conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
+The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first non-hex-digit character.
+On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
+output flags.
+
+If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
+and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_hex>
+returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
+and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
+is NULL).
+
+The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0x" or "x" unless
+C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
+C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the hex
+number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+
+ UV grok_hex(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item perl_run
+=item grok_number
-Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
+Recognise (or not) a number. The type of the number is returned
+(0 if unrecognised), otherwise it is a bit-ORed combination of
+IS_NUMBER_IN_UV, IS_NUMBER_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX, IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT,
+IS_NUMBER_NEG, IS_NUMBER_INFINITY, IS_NUMBER_NAN (defined in perl.h).
- int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+If the value of the number can fit an in UV, it is returned in the *valuep
+IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set to indicate that *valuep is valid, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
+will never be set unless *valuep is valid, but *valuep may have been assigned
+to during processing even though IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set on return.
+If valuep is NULL, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set for the same cases as when
+valuep is non-NULL, but no actual assignment (or SEGV) will occur.
+
+IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT will be set with IS_NUMBER_IN_UV if trailing decimals were
+seen (in which case *valuep gives the true value truncated to an integer), and
+IS_NUMBER_NEG if the number is negative (in which case *valuep holds the
+absolute value). IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set if e notation was used or the
+number is larger than a UV.
+
+ int grok_number(const char *pv, STRLEN len, UV *valuep)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item PL_DBsingle
+=item grok_numeric_radix
-When Perl is run in debugging mode, with the B<-d> switch, this SV is a
-boolean which indicates whether subs are being single-stepped.
-Single-stepping is automatically turned on after every step. This is the C
-variable which corresponds to Perl's $DB::single variable. See
-C<PL_DBsub>.
+Scan and skip for a numeric decimal separator (radix).
- SV * PL_DBsingle
+ bool grok_numeric_radix(const char **sp, const char *send)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item PL_DBsub
+=item grok_oct
-When Perl is run in debugging mode, with the B<-d> switch, this GV contains
-the SV which holds the name of the sub being debugged. This is the C
-variable which corresponds to Perl's $DB::sub variable. See
-C<PL_DBsingle>.
- GV * PL_DBsub
+ UV grok_oct(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item PL_DBtrace
+=item scan_bin
-Trace variable used when Perl is run in debugging mode, with the B<-d>
-switch. This is the C variable which corresponds to Perl's $DB::trace
-variable. See C<PL_DBsingle>.
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_bin> instead.
- SV * PL_DBtrace
+ NV scan_bin(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item PL_dowarn
+=item scan_hex
-The C variable which corresponds to Perl's $^W warning variable.
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_hex> instead.
- bool PL_dowarn
+ NV scan_hex(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item PL_modglobal
+=item scan_oct
-C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
-extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
-In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
-to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
-prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_oct> instead.
- HV* PL_modglobal
+ NV scan_oct(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item PL_na
-A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
-doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
-to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
-C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
+=back
- STRLEN PL_na
+=head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item cv_const_sv
+
+If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
+value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
+
+Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
+L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
+
+ SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv)
=for hackers
-Found in file thrdvar.h
+Found in file op.c
-=item PL_sv_no
+=item newCONSTSUB
-This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
-C<&PL_sv_no>.
+Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
+eligible for inlining at compile-time.
- SV PL_sv_no
+ CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file op.c
-=item PL_sv_undef
+=item newXS
-This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
+Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs.
- SV PL_sv_undef
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Shared SV Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item sharedsv_find
+
+Tries to find if a given SV has a shared backend, either by
+looking at magic, or by checking if it is tied again threads::shared.
+
+ shared_sv* sharedsv_find(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sharedsv.c
-=item PL_sv_yes
+=item sharedsv_init
-This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
-C<&PL_sv_yes>.
+Saves a space for keeping SVs wider than an interpreter,
+currently only stores a pointer to the first interpreter.
- SV PL_sv_yes
+ void sharedsv_init()
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sharedsv.c
-=item POPi
+=item sharedsv_lock
-Pops an integer off the stack.
+Recursive locks on a sharedsv.
+Locks are dynamically scoped at the level of the first lock.
+ void sharedsv_lock(shared_sv* ssv)
- IV POPi
+=for hackers
+Found in file sharedsv.c
+
+=item sharedsv_new
+
+Allocates a new shared sv struct, you must yourself create the SV/AV/HV.
+ shared_sv* sharedsv_new()
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sharedsv.c
-=item POPl
+=item sharedsv_thrcnt_dec
-Pops a long off the stack.
+Decrements the threadcount of a shared sv. When a threads frontend is freed
+this function should be called.
- long POPl
+ void sharedsv_thrcnt_dec(shared_sv* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sharedsv.c
-=item POPn
+=item sharedsv_thrcnt_inc
-Pops a double off the stack.
+Increments the threadcount of a sharedsv.
+ void sharedsv_thrcnt_inc(shared_sv* ssv)
- NV POPn
+=for hackers
+Found in file sharedsv.c
+
+=item sharedsv_unlock
+
+Recursively unlocks a shared sv.
+
+ void sharedsv_unlock(shared_sv* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sharedsv.c
-=item POPp
-Pops a string off the stack.
+=back
- char* POPp
+=head1 Stack Manipulation Macros
+
+=over 8
+
+=item dMARK
+
+Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
+C<dORIGMARK>.
+
+ dMARK;
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPs
+=item dORIGMARK
-Pops an SV off the stack.
+Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
- SV* POPs
+ dORIGMARK;
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item PUSHi
+=item dSP
-Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHi>.
+Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
+the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
- void PUSHi(IV iv)
+ dSP;
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item PUSHMARK
-
-Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
-L<perlcall>.
+=item EXTEND
+
+Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
+used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
+onto the stack.
+
+ void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item MARK
+
+Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item ORIGMARK
+
+The original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<dORIGMARK>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPi
+
+Pops an integer off the stack.
+
+ IV POPi
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPl
+
+Pops a long off the stack.
+
+ long POPl
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPn
+
+Pops a double off the stack.
+
+ NV POPn
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPp
+
+Pops a string off the stack. Deprecated. New code should provide
+a STRLEN n_a and use POPpx.
+
+ char* POPp
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPpbytex
+
+Pops a string off the stack which must consist of bytes i.e. characters < 256.
+Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+
+ char* POPpbytex
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPpx
+
+Pops a string off the stack.
+Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+
+ char* POPpx
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPs
+
+Pops an SV off the stack.
+
+ SV* POPs
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHi
+
+Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHi>.
+
+ void PUSHi(IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHMARK
+
+Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
+L<perlcall>.
PUSHMARK;
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-
-=item PUSHn
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHn
+
+Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHn>.
+
+ void PUSHn(NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHp
+
+Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
+C<XPUSHp>.
+
+ void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHs
+
+Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHs>.
+
+ void PUSHs(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHu
+
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
+element. See C<XPUSHu>.
+
+ void PUSHu(UV uv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUTBACK
+
+Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
+See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
+
+ PUTBACK;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item SP
+
+Stack pointer. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>. See C<dSP> and
+C<SPAGAIN>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item SPAGAIN
+
+Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
+
+ SPAGAIN;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHi
+
+Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. See C<PUSHi>.
+
+ void XPUSHi(IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHn
+
+Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. See C<PUSHn>.
+
+ void XPUSHn(NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHp
+
+Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
+indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
+C<PUSHp>.
+
+ void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHs
+
+Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
+handle 'set' magic. See C<PUSHs>.
+
+ void XPUSHs(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHu
+
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
+See C<PUSHu>.
+
+ void XPUSHu(UV uv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XSRETURN
+
+Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
+handled by C<xsubpp>.
+
+ void XSRETURN(int nitems)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_IV
+
+Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
+
+ void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_NO
+
+Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
+
+ XSRETURN_NO;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_NV
+
+Return a double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
+
+ void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_PV
+
+Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
+
+ void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_UNDEF
+
+Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
+
+ XSRETURN_UNDEF;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_YES
+
+Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
+
+ XSRETURN_YES;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mIV
+
+Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
+value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+
+ void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mNO
+
+Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
+
+ void XST_mNO(int pos)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mNV
+
+Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
+is stored in a new mortal SV.
+
+ void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mPV
+
+Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
+The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+
+ void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mUNDEF
+
+Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
+
+ void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mYES
+
+Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
+
+ void XST_mYES(int pos)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
-Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHn>.
- void PUSHn(NV nv)
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+=head1 SV Flags
-=item PUSHp
+=over 8
-Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
-C<XPUSHp>.
+=item svtype
- void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
+in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-
-=item PUSHs
+Found in file sv.h
-Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHs>.
+=item SVt_IV
- void PUSHs(SV* sv)
+Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-
-=item PUSHu
+Found in file sv.h
-Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
-element. See C<XPUSHu>.
+=item SVt_NV
- void PUSHu(UV uv)
+Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-
-=item PUTBACK
+Found in file sv.h
-Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
-See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
+=item SVt_PV
- PUTBACK;
+Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-
-=item Renew
+Found in file sv.h
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
+=item SVt_PVAV
- void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item Renewc
+Found in file sv.h
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
-cast.
+=item SVt_PVCV
- void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item require_pv
+=item SVt_PVHV
-Tells Perl to C<require> a module.
+Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
- void require_pv(const char* pv)
+=item SVt_PVMG
+
+Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item RETVAL
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
-XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
-L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
+=back
- (whatever) RETVAL
+=head1 SV Manipulation Functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+=over 8
-=item Safefree
+=item get_sv
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
+Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
- void Safefree(void* ptr)
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+
+ SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file perl.c
-=item savepv
+=item looks_like_number
-Copy a string to a safe spot. This does not use an SV.
+Test if the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
+C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not issue a
+non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
- char* savepv(const char* sv)
+ I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file sv.c
-=item savepvn
+=item newRV_inc
-Copy a string to a safe spot. The C<len> indicates number of bytes to
-copy. This does not use an SV.
+Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
+incremented.
- char* savepvn(const char* sv, I32 len)
+ SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item SAVETMPS
+=item newRV_noinc
-Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
+SV is B<not> incremented.
- SAVETMPS;
+ SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SP
+=item newSV
-Stack pointer. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>. See C<dSP> and
-C<SPAGAIN>.
+Create a new null SV, or if len > 0, create a new empty SVt_PV type SV
+with an initial PV allocation of len+1. Normally accessed via the C<NEWSV>
+macro.
+
+ SV* newSV(STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SPAGAIN
+=item newSViv
-Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
+Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1.
- SPAGAIN;
+ SV* newSViv(IV i)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item ST
+=item newSVnv
-Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
+Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
+The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
- SV* ST(int ix)
+ SV* newSVnv(NV n)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strEQ
+=item newSVpv
-Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
+strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
- bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strGE
+=item newSVpvf
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
-the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and initializes it with the string formatted like
+C<sprintf>.
- bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strGT
+=item newSVpvn
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
-C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
+string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
+C<len> bytes long.
- bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strLE
+=item newSVpvn_share
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
-second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV with its SvPVX pointing to a shared string in the string
+table. If the string does not already exist in the table, it is created
+first. Turns on READONLY and FAKE. The string's hash is stored in the UV
+slot of the SV; if the C<hash> parameter is non-zero, that value is used;
+otherwise the hash is computed. The idea here is that as the string table
+is used for shared hash keys these strings will have SvPVX == HeKEY and
+hash lookup will avoid string compare.
- bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strLT
+=item newSVrv
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
-C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
+it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
+be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
+reference count is 1.
- bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strNE
+=item newSVsv
-Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
-false.
+Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
+(Uses C<sv_setsv>).
- bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strnEQ
+=item newSVuv
-Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
-the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
-C<strncmp>).
+Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
+The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
- bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+ SV* newSVuv(UV u)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item strnNE
+Found in file sv.c
-Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
-indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
-wrapper for C<strncmp>).
+=item new_vstring
- bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+Returns a pointer to the next character after the parsed
+vstring, as well as updating the passed in sv.
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Function must be called like
-=item StructCopy
+ sv = NEWSV(92,5);
+ s = new_vstring(s,sv);
-This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
+The sv must already be large enough to store the vstring
+passed in.
- void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
+ char* new_vstring(char *vstr, SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
=item SvCUR
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvGETMAGIC
-
-Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
-argument more than once.
-
- void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
=item SvGROW
Expands the character buffer in the SV so that it has room for the
indicated number of bytes (remember to reserve space for an extra trailing
-NUL character). Calls C<sv_grow> to perform the expansion if necessary.
+NUL character). Calls C<sv_grow> to perform the expansion if necessary.
Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
- void SvGROW(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+ char * SvGROW(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
=item SvIOK_notUV
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an signed integer.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a signed integer.
void SvIOK_notUV(SV* sv)
=item SvIV
-Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it.
+Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it. See C<SvIVx> for a
+version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
IV SvIV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
+=item SvIVx
+
+Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
+sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvIV> otherwise.
+
+ IV SvIVx(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
=item SvIVX
-Returns the integer which is stored in the SV, assuming SvIOK is
-true.
+Returns the raw value in the SV's IV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvIV()>.
IV SvIVX(SV* sv)
=item SvNV
-Coerce the given SV to a double and return it.
+Coerce the given SV to a double and return it. See C<SvNVx> for a version
+which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
+
+ NV SvNV(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvNVX
+
+Returns the raw value in the SV's NV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvNOK is true. See also C<SvNV()>.
- NV SvNV(SV* sv)
+ NV SvNVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNVX
+=item SvNVx
-Returns the double which is stored in the SV, assuming SvNOK is
-true.
+Coerces the given SV to a double and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
+sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvNV> otherwise.
- NV SvNVX(SV* sv)
+ NV SvNVx(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
=item SvPOK_only
Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits.
+Will also turn off the UTF8 status.
void SvPOK_only(SV* sv)
=item SvPOK_only_UTF8
-Tells an SV that it is a UTF8 string (do not use frivolously)
-and disables all other OK bits.
-
+Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits,
+and leaves the UTF8 status as it was.
+
void SvPOK_only_UTF8(SV* sv)
=for hackers
=item SvPV
Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
-if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
+if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic. See also
+C<SvPVx> for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
char* SvPV(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
+=item SvPVbyte
+
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVbyte(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVbytex
+
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVbyte>
+otherwise.
+
+
+ char* SvPVbytex(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVbytex_force
+
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVbyte_force>
+otherwise.
+
+ char* SvPVbytex_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVbyte_force
+
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVbyte_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVbyte_nolen
+
+Like C<SvPV_nolen>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVbyte_nolen(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVutf8
+
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVutf8(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVutf8x
+
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVutf8>
+otherwise.
+
+ char* SvPVutf8x(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVutf8x_force
+
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVutf8_force>
+otherwise.
+
+ char* SvPVutf8x_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVutf8_force
+
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVutf8_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvPVutf8_nolen
+
+Like C<SvPV_nolen>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVutf8_nolen(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
=item SvPVX
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV. The SV must contain a
+Returns a pointer to the physical string in the SV. The SV must contain a
string.
char* SvPVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
+=item SvPVx
+
+A version of C<SvPV> which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
+
+ char* SvPVx(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
=item SvPV_force
Like <SvPV> but will force the SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
+=item SvPV_force_nomg
+
+Like <SvPV> but will force the SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want
+force if you are going to update the SvPVX directly. Doesn't process magic.
+
+ char* SvPV_force_nomg(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
=item SvPV_nolen
Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvSETMAGIC
-
-Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
-argument more than once.
-
- void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvSetSV
-
-Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
-more than once.
-
- void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+=item SvSetMagicSV_nosteal
-=item SvSetSV_nosteal
+Like C<SvSetMagicSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
-Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
-ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
- void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+ void SvSetMagicSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item svtype
+=item SvUOK
-An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
-in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
+
+ void SvUOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_IV
+=item SvUPGRADE
-Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Used to upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Uses C<sv_upgrade> to
+perform the upgrade if necessary. See C<svtype>.
+
+ void SvUPGRADE(SV* sv, svtype type)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_NV
+=item SvUTF8
-Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains UTF-8 encoded data.
+
+ void SvUTF8(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PV
+=item SvUTF8_off
-Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Unsets the UTF8 status of an SV.
+
+ void SvUTF8_off(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVAV
+=item SvUTF8_on
-Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
+Turn on the UTF8 status of an SV (the data is not changed, just the flag).
+Do not use frivolously.
+
+ void SvUTF8_on(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVCV
+=item SvUV
-Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
+Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it. See C<SvUVx>
+for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
+
+ UV SvUV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVHV
+=item SvUVx
-Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
+Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it. Guarantees to
+evaluate sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvUV> otherwise.
+
+ UV SvUVx(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVMG
+=item SvUVX
-Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Returns the raw value in the SV's UV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvUV()>.
+
+ UV SvUVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvUOK
+=item sv_2bool
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
+This function is only called on magical items, and is only used by
+sv_true() or its macro equivalent.
- void SvUOK(SV* sv)
+ bool sv_2bool(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUPGRADE
+=item sv_2cv
-Used to upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Uses C<sv_upgrade> to
-perform the upgrade if necessary. See C<svtype>.
+Using various gambits, try to get a CV from an SV; in addition, try if
+possible to set C<*st> and C<*gvp> to the stash and GV associated with it.
- void SvUPGRADE(SV* sv, svtype type)
+ CV* sv_2cv(SV* sv, HV** st, GV** gvp, I32 lref)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUTF8
+=item sv_2io
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains UTF-8 encoded data.
+Using various gambits, try to get an IO from an SV: the IO slot if its a
+GV; or the recursive result if we're an RV; or the IO slot of the symbol
+named after the PV if we're a string.
- void SvUTF8(SV* sv)
+ IO* sv_2io(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUTF8_off
+=item sv_2iv
-Unsets the UTF8 status of an SV.
+Return the integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string conversion,
+magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvIV(sv)> and C<SvIVx(sv)> macros.
- void SvUTF8_off(SV *sv)
+ IV sv_2iv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUTF8_on
+=item sv_2mortal
-Tells an SV that it is a string and encoded in UTF8. Do not use frivolously.
+Marks an existing SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed "soon", either
+by an explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
+statement boundaries. See also C<sv_newmortal> and C<sv_mortalcopy>.
- void SvUTF8_on(SV *sv)
+ SV* sv_2mortal(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUV
+=item sv_2nv
-Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it.
+Return the num value of an SV, doing any necessary string or integer
+conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvNV(sv)> and C<SvNVx(sv)>
+macros.
- UV SvUV(SV* sv)
+ NV sv_2nv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUVX
+=item sv_2pvbyte
-Returns the unsigned integer which is stored in the SV, assuming SvIOK is
-true.
+Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
+to its length. May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF8 as a
+side-effect.
- UV SvUVX(SV* sv)
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvbyte(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_2mortal
+=item sv_2pvbyte_nolen
-Marks an SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed when the current context
-ends.
+Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV.
+May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF8 as a side-effect.
- SV* sv_2mortal(SV* sv)
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte_nolen> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvbyte_nolen(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_2pvutf8
+
+Return a pointer to the UTF8-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
+to its length. May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF8 as a side-effect.
+
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvutf8(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_2pvutf8_nolen
+
+Return a pointer to the UTF8-encoded representation of the SV.
+May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF8 as a side-effect.
+
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvutf8_nolen(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_2pv_flags
+
+Returns a pointer to the string value of an SV, and sets *lp to its length.
+If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first. Coerces sv to a string
+if necessary.
+Normally invoked via the C<SvPV_flags> macro. C<sv_2pv()> and C<sv_2pv_nomg>
+usually end up here too.
+
+ char* sv_2pv_flags(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_2pv_nolen
+
+Like C<sv_2pv()>, but doesn't return the length too. You should usually
+use the macro wrapper C<SvPV_nolen(sv)> instead.
+ char* sv_2pv_nolen(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_2uv
+
+Return the unsigned integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
+conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvUV(sv)> and C<SvUVx(sv)>
+macros.
+
+ UV sv_2uv(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_backoff
+
+Remove any string offset. You should normally use the C<SvOOK_off> macro
+wrapper instead.
+
+ int sv_backoff(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
=item sv_catpv
Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV.
-Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpv_mg>.
+If the SV has the UTF8 status set, then the bytes appended should be
+valid UTF8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpv_mg>.
void sv_catpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
=item sv_catpvf
-Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and appends the formatted output
-to an SV. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. C<SvSETMAGIC()> must
-typically be called after calling this function to handle 'set' magic.
+Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and appends the formatted
+output to an SV. If the appended data contains "wide" characters
+(including, but not limited to, SVs with a UTF-8 PV formatted with %s,
+and characters >255 formatted with %c), the original SV might get
+upgraded to UTF-8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic.
+C<SvSETMAGIC()> must typically be called after calling this function
+to handle 'set' magic.
void sv_catpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
=item sv_catpvn
Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
-C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. Handles 'get' magic, but not
-'set' magic. See C<sv_catpvn_mg>.
+C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF8
+status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF8.
+Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpvn_mg>.
void sv_catpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_catpvn_flags
+
+Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
+C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF8
+status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF8.
+If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<dsv> if
+appropriate, else not. C<sv_catpvn> and C<sv_catpvn_nomg> are implemented
+in terms of this function.
+
+ void sv_catpvn_flags(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_catpvn_mg
Like C<sv_catpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_catsv_flags
+
+Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
+SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC>
+bit set, will C<mg_get> on the SVs if appropriate, else not. C<sv_catsv>
+and C<sv_catsv_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
+
+ void sv_catsv_flags(SV* dsv, SV* ssv, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_catsv_mg
Like C<sv_catsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
Efficient removal of characters from the beginning of the string buffer.
SvPOK(sv) must be true and the C<ptr> must be a pointer to somewhere inside
the string buffer. The C<ptr> becomes the first character of the adjusted
-string.
+string. Uses the "OOK hack".
void sv_chop(SV* sv, char* ptr)
=item sv_clear
-Clear an SV, making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the SV
-itself.
+Clear an SV: call any destructors, free up any memory used by the body,
+and free the body itself. The SV's head is I<not> freed, although
+its type is set to all 1's so that it won't inadvertently be assumed
+to be live during global destruction etc.
+This function should only be called when REFCNT is zero. Most of the time
+you'll want to call C<sv_free()> (or its macro wrapper C<SvREFCNT_dec>)
+instead.
void sv_clear(SV* sv)
Compares the strings in two SVs. Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the
string in C<sv1> is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in
-C<sv2>.
+C<sv2>. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
+coerce its args to strings if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp_locale>.
I32 sv_cmp(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
=item sv_cmp_locale
-Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. See
-L</sv_cmp_locale>
+Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. Is UTF-8 and
+'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will coerce its args to strings
+if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp_locale>. See also C<sv_cmp>.
I32 sv_cmp_locale(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_collxfrm
+
+Add Collate Transform magic to an SV if it doesn't already have it.
+
+Any scalar variable may carry PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm magic that contains the
+scalar data of the variable, but transformed to such a format that a normal
+memory comparison can be used to compare the data according to the locale
+settings.
+
+ char* sv_collxfrm(SV* sv, STRLEN* nxp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_dec
-Auto-decrement of the value in the SV.
+Auto-decrement of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
+if necessary. Handles 'get' magic.
void sv_dec(SV* sv)
=item sv_eq
Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are
-identical.
+identical. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
+coerce its args to strings if necessary.
I32 sv_eq(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_force_normal
+
+Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
+a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
+an xpvmg. See also C<sv_force_normal_flags>.
+
+ void sv_force_normal(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_force_normal_flags
+
+Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
+a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
+an xpvmg. The C<flags> parameter gets passed to C<sv_unref_flags()>
+when unrefing. C<sv_force_normal> calls this function with flags set to 0.
+
+ void sv_force_normal_flags(SV *sv, U32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_free
-Free the memory used by an SV.
+Decrement an SV's reference count, and if it drops to zero, call
+C<sv_clear> to invoke destructors and free up any memory used by
+the body; finally, deallocate the SV's head itself.
+Normally called via a wrapper macro C<SvREFCNT_dec>.
void sv_free(SV* sv)
=item sv_grow
-Expands the character buffer in the SV. This will use C<sv_unref> and will
-upgrade the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
-Use C<SvGROW>.
+Expands the character buffer in the SV. If necessary, uses C<sv_unref> and
+upgrades the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
+Use the C<SvGROW> wrapper instead.
char* sv_grow(SV* sv, STRLEN newlen)
=item sv_inc
-Auto-increment of the value in the SV.
+Auto-increment of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
+if necessary. Handles 'get' magic.
void sv_inc(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_iv
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvIVx> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
+
+ IV sv_iv(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_len
-Returns the length of the string in the SV. See also C<SvCUR>.
+Returns the length of the string in the SV. Handles magic and type
+coercion. See also C<SvCUR>, which gives raw access to the xpv_cur slot.
STRLEN sv_len(SV* sv)
=item sv_len_utf8
Returns the number of characters in the string in an SV, counting wide
-UTF8 bytes as a single character.
+UTF8 bytes as a single character. Handles magic and type coercion.
STRLEN sv_len_utf8(SV* sv)
=item sv_magic
-Adds magic to an SV.
+Adds magic to an SV. First upgrades C<sv> to type C<SVt_PVMG> if necessary,
+then adds a new magic item of type C<how> to the head of the magic list.
+
+C<name> is assumed to contain an C<SV*> if C<(name && namelen == HEf_SVKEY)>
void sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen)
=item sv_mortalcopy
-Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV. The new SV is marked
-as mortal.
+Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV (using C<sv_setsv>).
+The new SV is marked as mortal. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an
+explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
+statement boundaries. See also C<sv_newmortal> and C<sv_2mortal>.
SV* sv_mortalcopy(SV* oldsv)
=item sv_newmortal
-Creates a new SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is set to 1.
+Creates a new null SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is
+set to 1. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an explicit call to
+FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as statement boundaries.
+See also C<sv_mortalcopy> and C<sv_2mortal>.
SV* sv_newmortal()
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_newref
+
+Increment an SV's reference count. Use the C<SvREFCNT_inc()> wrapper
+instead.
+
+ SV* sv_newref(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_nv
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvNVx> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
+
+ NV sv_nv(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_pos_b2u
+
+Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of bytes from the
+start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of UTF8 chars.
+Handles magic and type coercion.
+
+ void sv_pos_b2u(SV* sv, I32* offsetp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_pos_u2b
+
+Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of UTF8 chars from
+the start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of bytes; if
+lenp is non-zero, it does the same to lenp, but this time starting from
+the offset, rather than from the start of the string. Handles magic and
+type coercion.
+
+ void sv_pos_u2b(SV* sv, I32* offsetp, I32* lenp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_pv
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvPV_nolen> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
+
+ char* sv_pv(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_pvbyte
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVbyte_nolen> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
+
+ char* sv_pvbyte(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_pvbyten
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVbyte> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
+
+ char* sv_pvbyten(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_pvbyten_force
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVbytex_force> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
+
+ char* sv_pvbyten_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_pvn
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvPV> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
+
+ char* sv_pvn(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_pvn_force
Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
+A private implementation of the C<SvPV_force> macro for compilers which
+can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
char* sv_pvn_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_pvn_force_flags
+
+Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
+If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if
+appropriate, else not. C<sv_pvn_force> and C<sv_pvn_force_nomg> are
+implemented in terms of this function.
+You normally want to use the various wrapper macros instead: see
+C<SvPV_force> and C<SvPV_force_nomg>
+
+ char* sv_pvn_force_flags(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_pvutf8
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
+
+ char* sv_pvutf8(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_pvutf8n
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVutf8> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
+
+ char* sv_pvutf8n(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_pvutf8n_force
-Get a sensible UTF8-encoded string out of the SV somehow. See
-L</sv_pvn_force>.
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVutf8_force> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
char* sv_pvutf8n_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
=item sv_replace
Make the first argument a copy of the second, then delete the original.
+The target SV physically takes over ownership of the body of the source SV
+and inherits its flags; however, the target keeps any magic it owns,
+and any magic in the source is discarded.
+Note that this is a rather specialist SV copying operation; most of the
+time you'll want to use C<sv_setsv> or one of its many macro front-ends.
void sv_replace(SV* sv, SV* nsv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_report_used
+
+Dump the contents of all SVs not yet freed. (Debugging aid).
+
+ void sv_report_used()
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_reset
+
+Underlying implementation for the C<reset> Perl function.
+Note that the perl-level function is vaguely deprecated.
+
+ void sv_reset(char* s, HV* stash)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_rvweaken
-Weaken a reference.
+Weaken a reference: set the C<SvWEAKREF> flag on this RV; give the
+referred-to SV C<PERL_MAGIC_backref> magic if it hasn't already; and
+push a back-reference to this RV onto the array of backreferences
+associated with that magic.
SV* sv_rvweaken(SV *sv)
=item sv_setiv
-Copies an integer into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See
-C<sv_setiv_mg>.
+Copies an integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setiv_mg>.
void sv_setiv(SV* sv, IV num)
=item sv_setnv
-Copies a double into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See
-C<sv_setnv_mg>.
+Copies a double into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setnv_mg>.
void sv_setnv(SV* sv, NV num)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_setref_uv
+
+Copies an unsigned integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
+argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
+the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
+blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
+will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+
+ SV* sv_setref_uv(SV* rv, const char* classname, UV uv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_setsv
-Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV C<dsv>.
-The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal. Does not handle 'set'
-magic. See the macro forms C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal> and
-C<sv_setsv_mg>.
+Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
+C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
+function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
+Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
+content of the destination.
+
+You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
+C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
+C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
+
void sv_setsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_setsv_flags
+
+Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
+C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
+function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
+Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
+content of the destination.
+If the C<flags> parameter has the C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on
+C<ssv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_setsv> and C<sv_setsv_nomg> are
+implemented in terms of this function.
+
+You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
+C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
+C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
+
+This is the primary function for copying scalars, and most other
+copy-ish functions and macros use this underneath.
+
+ void sv_setsv_flags(SV* dsv, SV* ssv, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_setsv_mg
Like C<sv_setsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
=item sv_setuv
-Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic.
-See C<sv_setuv_mg>.
+Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setuv_mg>.
void sv_setuv(SV* sv, UV num)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_taint
+
+Taint an SV. Use C<SvTAINTED_on> instead.
+ void sv_taint(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_tainted
+
+Test an SV for taintedness. Use C<SvTAINTED> instead.
+ bool sv_tainted(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_true
Returns true if the SV has a true value by Perl's rules.
+Use the C<SvTRUE> macro instead, which may call C<sv_true()> or may
+instead use an in-line version.
I32 sv_true(SV *sv)
=item sv_unmagic
-Removes magic from an SV.
+Removes all magic of type C<type> from an SV.
int sv_unmagic(SV* sv, int type)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_untaint
+
+Untaint an SV. Use C<SvTAINTED_off> instead.
+ void sv_untaint(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_upgrade
-Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Use C<SvUPGRADE>. See
-C<svtype>.
+Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Generally adds a new body type to the
+SV, then copies across as much information as possible from the old body.
+You generally want to use the C<SvUPGRADE> macro wrapper. See also C<svtype>.
bool sv_upgrade(SV* sv, U32 mt)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_utf8_decode
+
+Convert the octets in the PV from UTF-8 to chars. Scan for validity and then
+turn off SvUTF8 if needed so that we see characters. Used as a building block
+for decode_utf8 in Encode.xs
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ bool sv_utf8_decode(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_utf8_downgrade
Attempt to convert the PV of an SV from UTF8-encoded to byte encoding.
=item sv_utf8_encode
Convert the PV of an SV to UTF8-encoded, but then turn off the C<SvUTF8>
-flag so that it looks like bytes again. Nothing calls this.
+flag so that it looks like octets again. Used as a building block
+for encode_utf8 in Encode.xs
+
+ void sv_utf8_encode(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_utf8_upgrade
+
+Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
+Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
+Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
+if all the bytes have hibit clear.
+
+ STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_utf8_upgrade_flags
+
+Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
+Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
+Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
+if all the bytes have hibit clear. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set,
+will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_utf8_upgrade> and
+C<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
+
+ STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(SV *sv, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_uv
+
+A private implementation of the C<SvUVx> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
+
+ UV sv_uv(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_vcatpvfn
+
+Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
+to an SV. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is
+missing (NULL). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via
+C<maybe_tainted> if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of
+locales).
+
+Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_catpvf> and C<sv_catpvf_mg>.
+
+ void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_vsetpvfn
+
+Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
+appending it.
+
+Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_setpvf> and C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
+
+ void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Unicode Support
+
+=over 8
+
+=item bytes_from_utf8
+
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
+Unlike <utf8_to_bytes> but like C<bytes_to_utf8>, returns a pointer to
+the newly-created string, and updates C<len> to contain the new
+length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, C<len>
+is unchanged. Do nothing if C<is_utf8> points to 0. Sets C<is_utf8> to
+0 if C<s> is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
removed without notice.
- void sv_utf8_encode(SV *sv)
+ U8* bytes_from_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item bytes_to_utf8
+
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
+Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
+reflect the new length.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ U8* bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item ibcmp_utf8
+
+Return true if the strings s1 and s2 differ case-insensitively, false
+if not (if they are equal case-insensitively). If u1 is true, the
+string s1 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u2 is true,
+the string s2 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u1 or u2
+are false, the respective string is assumed to be in native 8-bit
+encoding.
+
+If the pe1 and pe2 are non-NULL, the scanning pointers will be copied
+in there (they will point at the beginning of the I<next> character).
+If the pointers behind pe1 or pe2 are non-NULL, they are the end
+pointers beyond which scanning will not continue under any
+circustances. If the byte lengths l1 and l2 are non-zero, s1+l1 and
+s2+l2 will be used as goal end pointers that will also stop the scan,
+and which qualify towards defining a successful match: all the scans
+that define an explicit length must reach their goal pointers for
+a match to succeed).
+
+For case-insensitiveness, the "casefolding" of Unicode is used
+instead of upper/lowercasing both the characters, see
+http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/ (Case Mappings).
+
+ I32 ibcmp_utf8(const char* a, char **pe1, UV l1, bool u1, const char* b, char **pe2, UV l2, bool u2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item is_utf8_char
+
+Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8
+character. Note that an INVARIANT (i.e. ASCII) character is a valid UTF-8 character.
+The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character will be returned if
+it is valid, otherwise 0.
+
+ STRLEN is_utf8_char(U8 *p)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item is_utf8_string
+
+Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form a valid UTF8
+string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid UTF8 string' does not mean
+'a string that contains UTF8' because a valid ASCII string is a valid
+UTF8 string.
+
+ bool is_utf8_string(U8 *s, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item pv_uni_display
+
+Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the string spv,
+length len, the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
+(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
+The flags argument is currently unused but available for future extensions.
+The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
+
+ char* pv_uni_display(SV *dsv, U8 *spv, STRLEN len, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item sv_recode_to_utf8
+
+The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, on entry the PV
+of the sv is assumed to be octets in that encoding, and the sv
+will be converted into Unicode (and UTF-8).
+
+If the sv already is UTF-8 (or if it is not POK), or if the encoding
+is not a reference, nothing is done to the sv. If the encoding is not
+an C<Encode::XS> Encoding object, bad things will happen.
+(See F<lib/encoding.pm> and L<Encode>).
+
+The PV of the sv is returned.
+
+ char* sv_recode_to_utf8(SV* sv, SV *encoding)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_uni_display
+
+Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the scalar sv,
+he displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
+(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
+The flags argument is currently unused but available for future extensions.
+The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
+
+ char* sv_uni_display(SV *dsv, SV *ssv, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item to_utf8_case
+
+The "p" contains the pointer to the UTF-8 string encoding
+the character that is being converted.
+
+The "ustrp" is a pointer to the character buffer to put the
+conversion result to. The "lenp" is a pointer to the length
+of the result.
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+The "swash" is a pointer to the swash to use.
-=item sv_utf8_upgrade
+The "normal" is a string like "ToLower" which means the swash
+$utf8::ToLower, which is stored in lib/unicore/To/Lower.pl,
+and loaded by SWASHGET, using lib/utf8_heavy.pl.
-Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
+The "special" is a string like "utf8::ToSpecLower", which means
+the hash %utf8::ToSpecLower, which is stored in the same file,
+lib/unicore/To/Lower.pl, and also loaded by SWASHGET. The access
+to the hash is by Perl_to_utf8_case().
- void sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv)
+ UV to_utf8_case(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp, SV **swash, char *normal, char *special)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_vcatpvfn
+=item to_utf8_fold
-Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
-to an SV. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is
-missing (NULL). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via
-C<maybe_tainted> if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of
-locales).
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its foldcase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_FOLD+1 bytes since the
+foldcase version may be longer than the original character (up to
+three characters).
- void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+The first character of the foldcased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_fold(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_vsetpvfn
+=item to_utf8_lower
-Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
-appending it.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its lowercase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1 bytes since the
+lowercase version may be longer than the original character (up to two
+characters).
- void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+The first character of the lowercased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_lower(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item THIS
+=item to_utf8_title
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
-XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
-L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its titlecase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1 bytes since the
+titlecase version may be longer than the original character (up to two
+characters).
- (whatever) THIS
+The first character of the titlecased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_title(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item toLOWER
+=item to_utf8_upper
-Converts the specified character to lowercase.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its uppercase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1 bytes since the
+uppercase version may be longer than the original character (up to two
+characters).
- char toLOWER(char ch)
+The first character of the uppercased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_upper(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item toUPPER
+=item utf8n_to_uvchr
-Converts the specified character to uppercase.
+Returns the native character value of the first character in the string C<s>
+which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
+length, in bytes, of that character.
- char toUPPER(char ch)
+Allows length and flags to be passed to low level routine.
+
+ UV utf8n_to_uvchr(U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN* retlen, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item utf8n_to_uvuni
+
+Bottom level UTF-8 decode routine.
+Returns the unicode code point value of the first character in the string C<s>
+which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding and no longer than C<curlen>;
+C<retlen> will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
+
+If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, the behaviour
+is dependent on the value of C<flags>: if it contains UTF8_CHECK_ONLY,
+it is assumed that the caller will raise a warning, and this function
+will silently just set C<retlen> to C<-1> and return zero. If the
+C<flags> does not contain UTF8_CHECK_ONLY, warnings about
+malformations will be given, C<retlen> will be set to the expected
+length of the UTF-8 character in bytes, and zero will be returned.
-=item U8 *s
+The C<flags> can also contain various flags to allow deviations from
+the strict UTF-8 encoding (see F<utf8.h>).
-Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form valid a UTF8
-string, false otherwise.
+Most code should use utf8_to_uvchr() rather than call this directly.
- is_utf8_string U8 *s(STRLEN len)
+ UV utf8n_to_uvuni(U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN* retlen, U32 flags)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
updates len to contain the new length.
Returns zero on failure, setting C<len> to -1.
- U8 * utf8_to_bytes(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ U8* utf8_to_bytes(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
-=item utf8_to_uv
-
-Returns the character value of the first character in the string C<s>
-which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding and no longer than C<curlen>;
-C<retlen> will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
+=item utf8_to_uvchr
-If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, the behaviour
-is dependent on the value of C<flags>: if it contains UTF8_CHECK_ONLY,
-it is assumed that the caller will raise a warning, and this function
-will silently just set C<retlen> to C<-1> and return zero. If the
-C<flags> does not contain UTF8_CHECK_ONLY, warnings about
-malformations will be given, C<retlen> will be set to the expected
-length of the UTF-8 character in bytes, and zero will be returned.
+Returns the native character value of the first character in the string C<s>
+which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
+length, in bytes, of that character.
-The C<flags> can also contain various flags to allow deviations from
-the strict UTF-8 encoding (see F<utf8.h>).
+If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is
+returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
- U8* s utf8_to_uv(STRLEN curlen, STRLEN *retlen, U32 flags)
+ UV utf8_to_uvchr(U8 *s, STRLEN* retlen)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
-=item utf8_to_uv_simple
+=item utf8_to_uvuni
-Returns the character value of the first character in the string C<s>
+Returns the Unicode code point of the first character in the string C<s>
which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
length, in bytes, of that character.
+This function should only be used when returned UV is considered
+an index into the Unicode semantic tables (e.g. swashes).
+
If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is
returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
- U8* s utf8_to_uv_simple(STRLEN *retlen)
+ UV utf8_to_uvuni(U8 *s, STRLEN* retlen)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
-=item warn
-
-This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Use this
-function the same way you use the C C<printf> function. See
-C<croak>.
+=item uvchr_to_utf8
- void warn(const char* pat, ...)
+Adds the UTF8 representation of the Native codepoint C<uv> to the end
+of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
+bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
+end of the new character. In other words,
-=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+ d = uvchr_to_utf8(d, uv);
-=item XPUSHi
+is the recommended wide native character-aware way of saying
-Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
-'set' magic. See C<PUSHi>.
+ *(d++) = uv;
- void XPUSHi(IV iv)
+ U8* uvchr_to_utf8(U8 *d, UV uv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-
-=item XPUSHn
+Found in file utf8.c
-Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
-'set' magic. See C<PUSHn>.
+=item uvuni_to_utf8_flags
- void XPUSHn(NV nv)
+Adds the UTF8 representation of the Unicode codepoint C<uv> to the end
+of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
+bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
+end of the new character. In other words,
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, flags);
-=item XPUSHp
+or, in most cases,
-Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
-indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
-C<PUSHp>.
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8(d, uv);
- void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+(which is equivalent to)
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, 0);
-=item XPUSHs
+is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
-Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
-handle 'set' magic. See C<PUSHs>.
+ *(d++) = uv;
- void XPUSHs(SV* sv)
+ U8* uvuni_to_utf8_flags(U8 *d, UV uv, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-
-=item XPUSHu
-
-Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
-See C<PUSHu>.
-
- void XPUSHu(UV uv)
+Found in file utf8.c
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-=item XS
+=back
-Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
-C<xsubpp>.
+=head1 Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+=over 8
-=item XSRETURN
+=item ax
-Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
-handled by C<xsubpp>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the stack base offset,
+used by the C<ST>, C<XSprePUSH> and C<XSRETURN> macros. The C<dMARK> macro
+must be called prior to setup the C<MARK> variable.
- void XSRETURN(int nitems)
+ I32 ax
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_EMPTY
+=item CLASS
-Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
+class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
- XSRETURN_EMPTY;
+ char* CLASS
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_IV
+=item dAX
-Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
+Sets up the C<ax> variable.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
- void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
+ dAX;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_NO
+=item dITEMS
-Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
+Sets up the C<items> variable.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
- XSRETURN_NO;
+ dITEMS;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_NV
+=item dXSARGS
-Return an double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
+Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK.
+Sets up the C<ax> and C<items> variables by calling C<dAX> and C<dITEMS>.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
- void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
+ dXSARGS;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_PV
+=item dXSI32
-Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
+Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
+handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
- void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
+ dXSI32;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_UNDEF
+=item items
-Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
+items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
- XSRETURN_UNDEF;
+ I32 items
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_YES
+=item ix
-Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
+XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
- XSRETURN_YES;
+ I32 ix
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mIV
-
-Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
-value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+=item newXSproto
- void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
+Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
+the subs.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mNO
+=item RETVAL
-Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
+XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
+L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
- void XST_mNO(int pos)
+ (whatever) RETVAL
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mNV
+=item ST
-Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
-is stored in a new mortal SV.
+Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
- void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
+ SV* ST(int ix)
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mPV
+=item THIS
-Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
-The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
+XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
+L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
- void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
+ (whatever) THIS
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mUNDEF
-
-Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+=item XS
- void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
+Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
+C<xsubpp>.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mYES
+=item XSRETURN_EMPTY
-Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
- void XST_mYES(int pos)
+
+ XSRETURN_EMPTY;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Zero
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
-destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
+=back
- void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
+=head1 Warning and Dieing
+
+=over 8
+
+=item croak
+
+This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
+Normally use this function the same way you use the C C<printf>
+function. See C<warn>.
+
+If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
+C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
+
+ errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
+ sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
+ croak(Nullch);
+
+ void croak(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item warn
+
+This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Use this
+function the same way you use the C C<printf> function. See
+C<croak>.
+
+ void warn(const char* pat, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
=back
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff