=head1 DESCRIPTION
-This file contains the documentation of the perl public API generated by
-embed.pl, specifically a listing of functions, macros, flags, and variables
-that may be used by extension writers. The interfaces of any functions that
+This file contains the documentation of the perl public API generated by
+embed.pl, specifically a listing of functions, macros, flags, and variables
+that may be used by extension writers. The interfaces of any functions that
are not listed here are subject to change without notice. For this reason,
blindly using functions listed in proto.h is to be avoided when writing
extensions.
The listing is alphabetical, case insensitive.
+
+=head1 "Gimme" Values
+
+=over 8
+
+=item GIMME
+
+A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
+C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
+Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
+
+ U32 GIMME
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.h
+
+=item GIMME_V
+
+The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
+C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
+respectively.
+
+ U32 GIMME_V
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.h
+
+=item G_ARRAY
+
+Used to indicate list context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_DISCARD
+
+Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_EVAL
+
+Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_NOARGS
+
+Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_SCALAR
+
+Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_VOID
+
+Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Array Manipulation Functions
+
=over 8
=item AvFILL
=for hackers
Found in file av.c
+=item av_delete
+
+Deletes the element indexed by C<key> from the array. Returns the
+deleted element. C<flags> is currently ignored.
+
+ SV* av_delete(AV* ar, I32 key, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file av.c
+
+=item av_exists
+
+Returns true if the element indexed by C<key> has been initialized.
+
+This relies on the fact that uninitialized array elements are set to
+C<&PL_sv_undef>.
+
+ bool av_exists(AV* ar, I32 key)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file av.c
+
=item av_extend
Pre-extend an array. The C<key> is the index to which the array should be
=for hackers
Found in file av.c
+=item av_fill
+
+Ensure than an array has a given number of elements, equivalent to
+Perl's C<$#array = $fill;>.
+
+ void av_fill(AV* ar, I32 fill)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file av.c
+
=item av_len
Returns the highest index in the array. Returns -1 if the array is
=for hackers
Found in file av.c
-=item bytes_to_utf8
+=item get_av
-Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
-Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
-reflect the new length.
+Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- U8 * bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
+ AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item newAV
+
+Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
+
+ AV* newAV()
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file av.c
+
+=item Nullav
+
+Null AV pointer.
+
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file av.h
+
+=item sortsv
+
+Sort an array. Here is an example:
+
+ sortsv(AvARRAY(av), av_len(av)+1, Perl_sv_cmp_locale);
+
+See lib/sort.pm for details about controlling the sorting algorithm.
+
+ void sortsv(SV ** array, size_t num_elts, SVCOMPARE_t cmp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp_sort.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Callback Functions
+
+=over 8
=item call_argv
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item CLASS
+=item ENTER
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
-class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
+Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
- char* CLASS
+ ENTER;
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item Copy
+=item eval_pv
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
-source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
-the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
+Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
- void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+ SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
-=item croak
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
-This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
-Normally use this function the same way you use the C C<printf>
-function. See C<warn>.
+=item eval_sv
-If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
-C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
+Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
- errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
- sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
- croak(Nullch);
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- void croak(const char* pat, ...)
+ I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file perl.c
-=item CvSTASH
+=item FREETMPS
-Returns the stash of the CV.
+Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
+L<perlcall>.
- HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv)
+ FREETMPS;
=for hackers
-Found in file cv.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item dMARK
+=item LEAVE
-Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
-C<dORIGMARK>.
+Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
- dMARK;
+ LEAVE;
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item dORIGMARK
+=item SAVETMPS
-Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
+Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
+L<perlcall>.
- dORIGMARK;
+ SAVETMPS;
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item dSP
-Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
-the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
+=back
- dSP;
+=head1 Character classes
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+=over 8
-=item dXSARGS
+=item isALNUM
-Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK. This
-is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>. Declares the C<items>
-variable to indicate the number of items on the stack.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
+character (including underscore) or digit.
- dXSARGS;
+ bool isALNUM(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dXSI32
+=item isALPHA
-Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
-handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
+character.
- dXSI32;
+ bool isALPHA(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item ENTER
+=item isDIGIT
-Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
+digit.
- ENTER;
+ bool isDIGIT(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
-
-=item eval_pv
+Found in file handy.h
-Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
+=item isLOWER
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
+character.
- SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
+ bool isLOWER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
-
-=item eval_sv
+Found in file handy.h
-Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
+=item isSPACE
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
- I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
+ bool isSPACE(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item EXTEND
+=item isUPPER
-Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
-used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
-onto the stack.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
+character.
- void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
+ bool isUPPER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item fbm_compile
+=item toLOWER
-Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
--- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
+Converts the specified character to lowercase.
- void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
+ char toLOWER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item fbm_instr
+=item toUPPER
-Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
-C<strend>. It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
-does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
-then.
+Converts the specified character to uppercase.
- char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
+ char toUPPER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item FREETMPS
-Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
-L<perlcall>.
+=back
- FREETMPS;
+=head1 Cloning an interpreter
+
+=over 8
+
+=item perl_clone
+
+Create and return a new interpreter by cloning the current one.
+
+ PerlInterpreter* perl_clone(PerlInterpreter* interp, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item get_av
-Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+=back
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+=head1 CV Manipulation Functions
- AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
+=over 8
+
+=item CvSTASH
+
+Returns the stash of the CV.
+
+ HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file cv.h
=item get_cv
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item get_hv
+=item Nullcv
-Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+Null CV pointer.
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
+=for hackers
+Found in file cv.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Embedding Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item load_module
+
+Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
+Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
+Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
+PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
+(or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
+similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
+arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
+method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
+
+ void load_module(U32 flags, SV* name, SV* ver, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+=item nothreadhook
+
+Stub that provides thread hook for perl_destruct when there are
+no threads.
+
+ int nothreadhook()
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item get_sv
+=item perl_alloc
-Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_construct
+
+Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_destruct
+
+Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ int perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_free
+
+Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_parse
+
+Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item perl_run
+
+Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item require_pv
+
+Tells Perl to C<require> the file named by the string argument. It is
+analogous to the Perl code C<eval "require '$file'">. It's even
+implemented that way; consider using Perl_load_module instead.
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
+ void require_pv(const char* pv)
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item GIMME
-A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
-C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
-Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
+=back
- U32 GIMME
+=head1 Functions in file pp_pack.c
+
+
+=over 8
+
+=item pack_cat
+
+The engine implementing pack() Perl function.
+
+ void pack_cat(SV *cat, char *pat, char *patend, SV **beglist, SV **endlist, SV ***next_in_list, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.h
+Found in file pp_pack.c
-=item GIMME_V
+=item unpack_str
-The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
-C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or array context,
-respectively.
+The engine implementing unpack() Perl function.
- U32 GIMME_V
+ I32 unpack_str(char *pat, char *patend, char *s, char *strbeg, char *strend, char **new_s, I32 ocnt, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.h
+Found in file pp_pack.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Global Variables
+
+=over 8
+
+=item PL_modglobal
+
+C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
+extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
+In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
+to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
+prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
+
+ HV* PL_modglobal
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_na
+
+A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
+doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
+to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
+C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
+
+ STRLEN PL_na
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file thrdvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_no
+
+This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
+C<&PL_sv_no>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_no
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_undef
+
+This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_undef
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_yes
+
+This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
+C<&PL_sv_yes>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_yes
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 GV Functions
+
+=over 8
=item GvSV
Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
-accessible via @ISA and @UNIVERSAL.
+accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
-up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
+up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
-obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
+obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
GV* gv_fetchmeth(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
-already setup.
+already setup.
The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
-means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
+means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
-with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
+with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
-created via a side effect to do this.
+created via a side effect to do this.
These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
-C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
+C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
GV* gv_fetchmethod_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, I32 autoload)
=for hackers
Found in file gv.c
+=item gv_fetchmeth_autoload
+
+Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
+Returns a glob for the subroutine.
+
+For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
+if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
+of the result may be zero.
+
+ GV* gv_fetchmeth_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file gv.c
+
=item gv_stashpv
Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
=for hackers
Found in file gv.c
-=item G_ARRAY
-
-Used to indicate array context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
-L<perlcall>.
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+=back
-=item G_DISCARD
+=head1 Handy Values
-Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
-L<perlcall>.
+=over 8
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+=item HEf_SVKEY
-=item G_EVAL
+This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
+specifies the structure contains an C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
+is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
-Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
-L<perlcall>.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file hv.h
-=item G_NOARGS
-
-Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
-L<perlcall>.
+=item Nullch
+Null character pointer.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item G_SCALAR
+=item Nullsv
-Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
-L<perlcall>.
+Null SV pointer.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item G_VOID
-Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+=head1 Hash Manipulation Functions
-=item HEf_SVKEY
+=over 8
-This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
-specifies the structure contains a C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
-is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
+=item get_hv
+
+Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+
+ HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file perl.c
=item HeHASH
=item hv_delete
Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the
-hash and returned to the caller. The C<klen> is the length of the key.
+hash and returned to the caller. The C<klen> is the length of the key.
The C<flags> value will normally be zero; if set to G_DISCARD then NULL
will be returned.
- SV* hv_delete(HV* tb, const char* key, U32 klen, I32 flags)
+ SV* hv_delete(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, I32 flags)
=for hackers
Found in file hv.c
Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. The
C<klen> is the length of the key.
- bool hv_exists(HV* tb, const char* key, U32 klen)
+ bool hv_exists(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen)
=for hackers
Found in file hv.c
Returns the SV which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. The
C<klen> is the length of the key. If C<lval> is set then the fetch will be
part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before
-dereferencing it to a C<SV*>.
+dereferencing it to an C<SV*>.
See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
- SV** hv_fetch(HV* tb, const char* key, U32 klen, I32 lval)
+ SV** hv_fetch(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, I32 lval)
=for hackers
Found in file hv.c
will be part of a store. Make sure the return value is non-null before
accessing it. The return value when C<tb> is a tied hash is a pointer to a
static location, so be sure to make a copy of the structure if you need to
-store it somewhere.
+store it somewhere.
See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
Prepares a starting point to traverse a hash table. Returns the number of
keys in the hash (i.e. the same as C<HvKEYS(tb)>). The return value is
-currently only meaningful for hashes without tie magic.
+currently only meaningful for hashes without tie magic.
NOTE: Before version 5.004_65, C<hv_iterinit> used to return the number of
hash buckets that happen to be in use. If you still need that esoteric
value, you can get it through the macro C<HvFILL(tb)>.
+
I32 hv_iterinit(HV* tb)
=for hackers
Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit>.
+You may call C<hv_delete> or C<hv_delete_ent> on the hash entry that the
+iterator currently points to, without losing your place or invalidating your
+iterator. Note that in this case the current entry is deleted from the hash
+with your iterator holding the last reference to it. Your iterator is flagged
+to free the entry on the next call to C<hv_iternext>, so you must not discard
+your iterator immediately else the entry will leak - call C<hv_iternext> to
+trigger the resource deallocation.
+
HE* hv_iternext(HV* tb)
=for hackers
=for hackers
Found in file hv.c
+=item hv_iternext_flags
+
+Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit> and C<hv_iternext>.
+The C<flags> value will normally be zero; if HV_ITERNEXT_WANTPLACEHOLDERS is
+set the placeholders keys (for restricted hashes) will be returned in addition
+to normal keys. By default placeholders are automatically skipped over.
+Currently a placeholder is implemented with a value that is literally
+<&Perl_sv_undef> (a regular C<undef> value is a normal read-write SV for which
+C<!SvOK> is false). Note that the implementation of placeholders and
+restricted hashes may change, and the implementation currently is
+insufficiently abstracted for any change to be tidy.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ HE* hv_iternext_flags(HV* tb, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
=item hv_iterval
Returns the value from the current position of the hash iterator. See
stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise it can
be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note that the caller is
responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of C<val> before
-the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
+the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
- SV** hv_store(HV* tb, const char* key, U32 klen, SV* val, U32 hash)
+ SV** hv_store(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, SV* val, U32 hash)
=for hackers
Found in file hv.c
compute it. The return value is the new hash entry so created. It will be
NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise the
-contents of the return value can be accessed using the C<He???> macros
+contents of the return value can be accessed using the C<He?> macros
described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably
incrementing the reference count of C<val> before the call, and
-decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
+decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
=for hackers
Found in file hv.c
-=item isALNUM
+=item newHV
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
-character (including underscore) or digit.
+Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
- bool isALNUM(char ch)
+ HV* newHV()
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file hv.c
-=item isALPHA
+=item Nullhv
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
-character.
+Null HV pointer.
- bool isALPHA(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file hv.h
-=item isDIGIT
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
-digit.
+=back
- bool isDIGIT(char ch)
+=head1 Magical Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item mg_clear
+
+Clear something magical that the SV represents. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ int mg_clear(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item isLOWER
+=item mg_copy
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
-character.
+Copies the magic from one SV to another. See C<sv_magic>.
- bool isLOWER(char ch)
+ int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item isSPACE
+=item mg_find
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
+Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- bool isSPACE(char ch)
+ MAGIC* mg_find(SV* sv, int type)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item isUPPER
+=item mg_free
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
-character.
+Free any magic storage used by the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- bool isUPPER(char ch)
+ int mg_free(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item items
+=item mg_get
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
-items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
+Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- I32 items
+ int mg_get(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item ix
+=item mg_length
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
-XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
+Report on the SV's length. See C<sv_magic>.
- I32 ix
+ U32 mg_length(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item LEAVE
+=item mg_magical
-Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
+Turns on the magical status of an SV. See C<sv_magic>.
- LEAVE;
+ void mg_magical(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file mg.c
-=item looks_like_number
+=item mg_set
+
+Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
-Test if an the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a
-number).
+ int mg_set(SV* sv)
- I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item SvGETMAGIC
+
+Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
+argument more than once.
+
+ void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item MARK
+=item SvLOCK
-Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
+Arranges for a mutual exclusion lock to be obtained on sv if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
+
+ void SvLOCK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_clear
+=item SvSETMAGIC
-Clear something magical that the SV represents. See C<sv_magic>.
+Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
+argument more than once.
- int mg_clear(SV* sv)
+ void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSetMagicSV
+
+Like C<SvSetSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
+
+ void SvSetMagicSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSetMagicSV_nosteal
+
+Like C<SvSetMagicSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
+
+ void SvSetMagicSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSetSV
+
+Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
+more than once.
+
+ void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSetSV_nosteal
+
+Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
+ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
+
+ void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSHARE
+
+Arranges for sv to be shared between threads if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
+
+ void SvSHARE(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Memory Management
+
+=over 8
+
+=item Copy
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
+source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
+the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
+
+ void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Move
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
+source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
+the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
+
+ void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item New
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
+
+ void New(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Newc
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
+cast.
+
+ void Newc(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item NEWSV
+
+Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
+bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
+tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
+space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
+C<id> is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
+
+
+ SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Newz
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
+memory is zeroed with C<memzero>.
+
+ void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Poison
+
+Fill up memory with a pattern (byte 0xAB over and over again) that
+hopefully catches attempts to access uninitialized memory.
+
+ void Poison(void* dest, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Renew
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
+
+ void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Renewc
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
+cast.
+
+ void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Safefree
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
+
+ void Safefree(void* ptr)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item savepv
+
+Perl's version of C<strdup()>. Returns a pointer to a newly allocated
+string which is a duplicate of C<pv>. The size of the string is
+determined by C<strlen()>. The memory allocated for the new string can
+be freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
+
+ char* savepv(const char* pv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item savepvn
+
+Perl's version of what C<strndup()> would be if it existed. Returns a
+pointer to a newly allocated string which is a duplicate of the first
+C<len> bytes from C<pv>. The memory allocated for the new string can be
+freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
+
+ char* savepvn(const char* pv, I32 len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item savesharedpv
+
+A version of C<savepv()> which allocates the duplicate string in memory
+which is shared between threads.
+
+ char* savesharedpv(const char* pv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item StructCopy
+
+This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
+
+ void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item Zero
+
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
+destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
+
+ void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Miscellaneous Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item fbm_compile
+
+Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
+-- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
+
+ void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item fbm_instr
+
+Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
+C<strend>. It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
+does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
+then.
+
+ char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item form
+
+Takes a sprintf-style format pattern and conventional
+(non-SV) arguments and returns the formatted string.
+
+ (char *) Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
+
+can be used any place a string (char *) is required:
+
+ char * s = Perl_form("%d.%d",major,minor);
+
+Uses a single private buffer so if you want to format several strings you
+must explicitly copy the earlier strings away (and free the copies when you
+are done).
+
+ char* form(const char* pat, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item getcwd_sv
+
+Fill the sv with current working directory
+
+ int getcwd_sv(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item strEQ
+
+Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strGE
+
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
+the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strGT
+
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
+C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strLE
+
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
+second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strLT
+
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
+C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strNE
+
+Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
+false.
+
+ bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strnEQ
+
+Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
+the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
+C<strncmp>).
+
+ bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item strnNE
+
+Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
+indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
+wrapper for C<strncmp>).
+
+ bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Numeric functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item grok_bin
+
+converts a string representing a binary number to numeric form.
+
+On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
+conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
+The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character.
+On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
+output flags.
+
+If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
+and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_bin>
+returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
+and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
+is NULL).
+
+The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0b" or "b" unless
+C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
+C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the binary
+number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+
+ UV grok_bin(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item grok_hex
+
+converts a string representing a hex number to numeric form.
+
+On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
+conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
+The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first non-hex-digit character.
+On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
+output flags.
+
+If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
+and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_hex>
+returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
+and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
+is NULL).
+
+The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0x" or "x" unless
+C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
+C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the hex
+number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+
+ UV grok_hex(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item grok_number
+
+Recognise (or not) a number. The type of the number is returned
+(0 if unrecognised), otherwise it is a bit-ORed combination of
+IS_NUMBER_IN_UV, IS_NUMBER_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX, IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT,
+IS_NUMBER_NEG, IS_NUMBER_INFINITY, IS_NUMBER_NAN (defined in perl.h).
+
+If the value of the number can fit an in UV, it is returned in the *valuep
+IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set to indicate that *valuep is valid, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
+will never be set unless *valuep is valid, but *valuep may have been assigned
+to during processing even though IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set on return.
+If valuep is NULL, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set for the same cases as when
+valuep is non-NULL, but no actual assignment (or SEGV) will occur.
+
+IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT will be set with IS_NUMBER_IN_UV if trailing decimals were
+seen (in which case *valuep gives the true value truncated to an integer), and
+IS_NUMBER_NEG if the number is negative (in which case *valuep holds the
+absolute value). IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set if e notation was used or the
+number is larger than a UV.
+
+ int grok_number(const char *pv, STRLEN len, UV *valuep)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item grok_numeric_radix
+
+Scan and skip for a numeric decimal separator (radix).
+
+ bool grok_numeric_radix(const char **sp, const char *send)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item grok_oct
+
+
+ UV grok_oct(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item scan_bin
+
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_bin> instead.
+
+ NV scan_bin(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item scan_hex
+
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_hex> instead.
+
+ NV scan_hex(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+=item scan_oct
+
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_oct> instead.
+
+ NV scan_oct(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file numeric.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item cv_const_sv
+
+If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
+value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
+
+Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
+L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
+
+ SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+=item newCONSTSUB
+
+Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
+eligible for inlining at compile-time.
+
+ CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+=item newXS
+
+Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Stack Manipulation Macros
+
+=over 8
+
+=item dMARK
+
+Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
+C<dORIGMARK>.
+
+ dMARK;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item dORIGMARK
+
+Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
+
+ dORIGMARK;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item dSP
+
+Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
+the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
+
+ dSP;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item EXTEND
+
+Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
+used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
+onto the stack.
+
+ void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item MARK
+
+Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item ORIGMARK
+
+The original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<dORIGMARK>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPi
+
+Pops an integer off the stack.
+
+ IV POPi
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPl
+
+Pops a long off the stack.
+
+ long POPl
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPn
+
+Pops a double off the stack.
+
+ NV POPn
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPp
+
+Pops a string off the stack. Deprecated. New code should provide
+a STRLEN n_a and use POPpx.
+
+ char* POPp
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPpbytex
+
+Pops a string off the stack which must consist of bytes i.e. characters < 256.
+Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+
+ char* POPpbytex
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPpx
+
+Pops a string off the stack.
+Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+
+ char* POPpx
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item POPs
+
+Pops an SV off the stack.
+
+ SV* POPs
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHi
+
+Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHi>.
+
+ void PUSHi(IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHMARK
+
+Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+ PUSHMARK;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHn
+
+Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHn>.
+
+ void PUSHn(NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHp
+
+Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
+C<XPUSHp>.
+
+ void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHs
+
+Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHs>.
+
+ void PUSHs(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUSHu
+
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
+element. See C<XPUSHu>.
+
+ void PUSHu(UV uv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item PUTBACK
+
+Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
+See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
+
+ PUTBACK;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item SP
+
+Stack pointer. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>. See C<dSP> and
+C<SPAGAIN>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item SPAGAIN
+
+Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
+
+ SPAGAIN;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHi
+
+Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. See C<PUSHi>.
+
+ void XPUSHi(IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHn
+
+Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. See C<PUSHn>.
+
+ void XPUSHn(NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHp
+
+Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
+indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
+C<PUSHp>.
+
+ void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHs
+
+Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
+handle 'set' magic. See C<PUSHs>.
+
+ void XPUSHs(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XPUSHu
+
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
+See C<PUSHu>.
+
+ void XPUSHu(UV uv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item XSRETURN
+
+Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
+handled by C<xsubpp>.
+
+ void XSRETURN(int nitems)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_IV
+
+Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
+
+ void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_NO
+
+Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
+
+ XSRETURN_NO;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_NV
+
+Return a double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
+
+ void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_PV
+
+Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
+
+ void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_UNDEF
+
+Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
+
+ XSRETURN_UNDEF;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XSRETURN_YES
+
+Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
+
+ XSRETURN_YES;
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mIV
+
+Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
+value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+
+ void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mNO
+
+Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
+
+ void XST_mNO(int pos)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mNV
+
+Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
+is stored in a new mortal SV.
+
+ void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mPV
+
+Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
+The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+
+ void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mUNDEF
+
+Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
+
+ void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+=item XST_mYES
+
+Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
+
+ void XST_mYES(int pos)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file XSUB.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 SV Flags
+
+=over 8
+
+=item svtype
+
+An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
+in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_IV
+
+Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_NV
+
+Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_PV
+
+Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_PVAV
+
+Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_PVCV
+
+Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_PVHV
+
+Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SVt_PVMG
+
+Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 SV Manipulation Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item get_sv
+
+Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+
+ SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
+
+=item looks_like_number
+
+Test if the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
+C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not issue a
+non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
+
+ I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newRV_inc
+
+Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
+incremented.
+
+ SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item newRV_noinc
+
+Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
+SV is B<not> incremented.
+
+ SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newSV
+
+Create a new null SV, or if len > 0, create a new empty SVt_PV type SV
+with an initial PV allocation of len+1. Normally accessed via the C<NEWSV>
+macro.
+
+ SV* newSV(STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newSViv
+
+Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1.
+
+ SV* newSViv(IV i)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newSVnv
+
+Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
+The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+
+ SV* newSVnv(NV n)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newSVpv
+
+Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
+strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
+
+ SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newSVpvf
+
+Creates a new SV and initializes it with the string formatted like
+C<sprintf>.
+
+ SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newSVpvn
+
+Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
+string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
+C<len> bytes long.
+
+ SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newSVpvn_share
+
+Creates a new SV with its SvPVX pointing to a shared string in the string
+table. If the string does not already exist in the table, it is created
+first. Turns on READONLY and FAKE. The string's hash is stored in the UV
+slot of the SV; if the C<hash> parameter is non-zero, that value is used;
+otherwise the hash is computed. The idea here is that as the string table
+is used for shared hash keys these strings will have SvPVX == HeKEY and
+hash lookup will avoid string compare.
+
+ SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newSVrv
+
+Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
+it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
+be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
+reference count is 1.
+
+ SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newSVsv
+
+Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
+(Uses C<sv_setsv>).
+
+ SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item newSVuv
+
+Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
+The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+
+ SV* newSVuv(UV u)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item new_vstring
+
+Returns a pointer to the next character after the parsed
+vstring, as well as updating the passed in sv.
+
+Function must be called like
+
+ sv = NEWSV(92,5);
+ s = new_vstring(s,sv);
+
+The sv must already be large enough to store the vstring
+passed in.
+
+ char* new_vstring(char *vstr, SV *sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item SvCUR
+
+Returns the length of the string which is in the SV. See C<SvLEN>.
+
+ STRLEN SvCUR(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvCUR_set
+
+Set the length of the string which is in the SV. See C<SvCUR>.
+
+ void SvCUR_set(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvEND
+
+Returns a pointer to the last character in the string which is in the SV.
+See C<SvCUR>. Access the character as *(SvEND(sv)).
+
+ char* SvEND(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvGROW
+
+Expands the character buffer in the SV so that it has room for the
+indicated number of bytes (remember to reserve space for an extra trailing
+NUL character). Calls C<sv_grow> to perform the expansion if necessary.
+Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
+
+ char * SvGROW(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvIOK
+
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer.
+
+ bool SvIOK(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvIOKp
+
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer. Checks
+the B<private> setting. Use C<SvIOK>.
+
+ bool SvIOKp(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvIOK_notUV
+
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a signed integer.
+
+ void SvIOK_notUV(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvIOK_off
+
+Unsets the IV status of an SV.
+
+ void SvIOK_off(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvIOK_on
+
+Tells an SV that it is an integer.
+
+ void SvIOK_on(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvIOK_only
+
+Tells an SV that it is an integer and disables all other OK bits.
+
+ void SvIOK_only(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_copy
+=item SvIOK_only_UV
-Copies the magic from one SV to another. See C<sv_magic>.
+Tells and SV that it is an unsigned integer and disables all other OK bits.
- int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
+ void SvIOK_only_UV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_find
+=item SvIOK_UV
-Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
- MAGIC* mg_find(SV* sv, int type)
+ void SvIOK_UV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_free
+=item SvIV
-Free any magic storage used by the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it. See C<SvIVx> for a
+version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
- int mg_free(SV* sv)
+ IV SvIV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_get
+=item SvIVx
-Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
+sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvIV> otherwise.
- int mg_get(SV* sv)
+ IV SvIVx(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_length
+=item SvIVX
-Report on the SV's length. See C<sv_magic>.
+Returns the raw value in the SV's IV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvIV()>.
- U32 mg_length(SV* sv)
+ IV SvIVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_magical
+=item SvLEN
-Turns on the magical status of an SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Returns the size of the string buffer in the SV, not including any part
+attributable to C<SvOOK>. See C<SvCUR>.
- void mg_magical(SV* sv)
+ STRLEN SvLEN(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item mg_set
+=item SvNIOK
-Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or
+double.
- int mg_set(SV* sv)
+ bool SvNIOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Move
+=item SvNIOKp
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
-source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
-the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or
+double. Checks the B<private> setting. Use C<SvNIOK>.
- void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+ bool SvNIOKp(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item New
+=item SvNIOK_off
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
+Unsets the NV/IV status of an SV.
- void New(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ void SvNIOK_off(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newAV
+=item SvNOK
-Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double.
- AV* newAV()
+ bool SvNOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file av.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Newc
+=item SvNOKp
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
-cast.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double. Checks the
+B<private> setting. Use C<SvNOK>.
- void Newc(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+ bool SvNOKp(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newCONSTSUB
+=item SvNOK_off
-Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
-eligible for inlining at compile-time.
+Unsets the NV status of an SV.
- void newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
+ void SvNOK_off(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newHV
+=item SvNOK_on
-Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
+Tells an SV that it is a double.
- HV* newHV()
+ void SvNOK_on(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newRV_inc
+=item SvNOK_only
-Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
-incremented.
+Tells an SV that it is a double and disables all other OK bits.
- SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
+ void SvNOK_only(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item newRV_noinc
+=item SvNV
-Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
-SV is B<not> incremented.
+Coerce the given SV to a double and return it. See C<SvNVx> for a version
+which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
- SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
+ NV SvNV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item NEWSV
+=item SvNVX
-Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
-bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
-tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
-space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
-C<id> is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
+Returns the raw value in the SV's NV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvNOK is true. See also C<SvNV()>.
- SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
+ NV SvNVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newSViv
+=item SvNVx
-Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1.
+Coerces the given SV to a double and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
+sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvNV> otherwise.
- SV* newSViv(IV i)
+ NV SvNVx(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newSVnv
+=item SvOK
-Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
-The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the value is an SV.
- SV* newSVnv(NV n)
+ bool SvOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newSVpv
+=item SvOOK
-Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
-strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SvIVX is a valid offset value for
+the SvPVX. This hack is used internally to speed up removal of characters
+from the beginning of a SvPV. When SvOOK is true, then the start of the
+allocated string buffer is really (SvPVX - SvIVX).
- SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+ bool SvOOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newSVpvf
+=item SvPOK
-Creates a new SV an initialize it with the string formatted like
-C<sprintf>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character
+string.
- SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
+ bool SvPOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newSVpvn
+=item SvPOKp
-Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
-string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
-C<len> bytes long.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character string.
+Checks the B<private> setting. Use C<SvPOK>.
- SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+ bool SvPOKp(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newSVrv
+=item SvPOK_off
-Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
-it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
-be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
-reference count is 1.
+Unsets the PV status of an SV.
- SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
+ void SvPOK_off(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newSVsv
+=item SvPOK_on
-Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
+Tells an SV that it is a string.
- SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
+ void SvPOK_on(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newSVuv
+=item SvPOK_only
-Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
-The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits.
+Will also turn off the UTF8 status.
- SV* newSVuv(UV u)
+ void SvPOK_only(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newXS
+=item SvPOK_only_UTF8
-Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs.
+Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits,
+and leaves the UTF8 status as it was.
+
+ void SvPOK_only_UTF8(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item newXSproto
+=item SvPV
-Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
-the subs.
+Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of
+the SV if the SV does not contain a string. The SV may cache the
+stringified version becoming C<SvPOK>. Handles 'get' magic. See also
+C<SvPVx> for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
+
+ char* SvPV(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Newz
+=item SvPVbyte
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
-memory is zeroed with C<memzero>.
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
- void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ char* SvPVbyte(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Nullav
+=item SvPVbytex
+
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVbyte>
+otherwise.
-Null AV pointer.
+
+ char* SvPVbytex(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file av.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Nullch
+=item SvPVbytex_force
-Null character pointer.
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVbyte_force>
+otherwise.
+
+ char* SvPVbytex_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Nullcv
+=item SvPVbyte_force
-Null CV pointer.
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVbyte_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file cv.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Nullhv
+=item SvPVbyte_nolen
-Null HV pointer.
+Like C<SvPV_nolen>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVbyte_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Nullsv
+=item SvPVutf8
-Null SV pointer.
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+
+ char* SvPVutf8(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item ORIGMARK
+=item SvPVutf8x
-The original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<dORIGMARK>.
+Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVutf8>
+otherwise.
+
+ char* SvPVutf8x(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item perl_alloc
+=item SvPVutf8x_force
-Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
+Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVutf8_force>
+otherwise.
- PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
+ char* SvPVutf8x_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item perl_construct
+=item SvPVutf8_force
-Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
- void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ char* SvPVutf8_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item perl_destruct
+=item SvPVutf8_nolen
-Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Like C<SvPV_nolen>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
- void perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ char* SvPVutf8_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item perl_free
+=item SvPVx
-Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+A version of C<SvPV> which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
- void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ char* SvPVx(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item perl_parse
+=item SvPVX
-Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
+Returns a pointer to the physical string in the SV. The SV must contain a
+string.
- int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
+ char* SvPVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item perl_run
+=item SvPV_force
-Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
+Like C<SvPV> but will force the SV into containing just a string
+(C<SvPOK_only>). You want force if you are going to update the C<SvPVX>
+directly.
- int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ char* SvPV_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_DBsingle
+=item SvPV_force_nomg
-When Perl is run in debugging mode, with the B<-d> switch, this SV is a
-boolean which indicates whether subs are being single-stepped.
-Single-stepping is automatically turned on after every step. This is the C
-variable which corresponds to Perl's $DB::single variable. See
-C<PL_DBsub>.
+Like C<SvPV> but will force the SV into containing just a string
+(C<SvPOK_only>). You want force if you are going to update the C<SvPVX>
+directly. Doesn't process magic.
- SV * PL_DBsingle
+ char* SvPV_force_nomg(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_DBsub
+=item SvPV_nolen
-When Perl is run in debugging mode, with the B<-d> switch, this GV contains
-the SV which holds the name of the sub being debugged. This is the C
-variable which corresponds to Perl's $DB::sub variable. See
-C<PL_DBsingle>.
+Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of
+the SV if the SV does not contain a string. The SV may cache the
+stringified form becoming C<SvPOK>. Handles 'get' magic.
- GV * PL_DBsub
+ char* SvPV_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_DBtrace
+=item SvREFCNT
-Trace variable used when Perl is run in debugging mode, with the B<-d>
-switch. This is the C variable which corresponds to Perl's $DB::trace
-variable. See C<PL_DBsingle>.
+Returns the value of the object's reference count.
- SV * PL_DBtrace
+ U32 SvREFCNT(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_dowarn
+=item SvREFCNT_dec
-The C variable which corresponds to Perl's $^W warning variable.
+Decrements the reference count of the given SV.
- bool PL_dowarn
+ void SvREFCNT_dec(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_modglobal
+=item SvREFCNT_inc
-C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
-extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
-In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
-to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
-prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
+Increments the reference count of the given SV.
- HV* PL_modglobal
+ SV* SvREFCNT_inc(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_na
+=item SvROK
-A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
-doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
-to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
-C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
+Tests if the SV is an RV.
- STRLEN PL_na
+ bool SvROK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file thrdvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_sv_no
+=item SvROK_off
-This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
-C<&PL_sv_no>.
+Unsets the RV status of an SV.
- SV PL_sv_no
+ void SvROK_off(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_sv_undef
+=item SvROK_on
-This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
+Tells an SV that it is an RV.
- SV PL_sv_undef
+ void SvROK_on(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PL_sv_yes
+=item SvRV
-This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
-C<&PL_sv_yes>.
+Dereferences an RV to return the SV.
- SV PL_sv_yes
+ SV* SvRV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item POPi
+=item SvSTASH
-Pops an integer off the stack.
+Returns the stash of the SV.
- IV POPi
+ HV* SvSTASH(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item POPl
+=item SvTAINT
-Pops a long off the stack.
+Taints an SV if tainting is enabled
- long POPl
+ void SvTAINT(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item POPn
+=item SvTAINTED
-Pops a double off the stack.
+Checks to see if an SV is tainted. Returns TRUE if it is, FALSE if
+not.
- NV POPn
+ bool SvTAINTED(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item POPp
+=item SvTAINTED_off
-Pops a string off the stack.
+Untaints an SV. Be I<very> careful with this routine, as it short-circuits
+some of Perl's fundamental security features. XS module authors should not
+use this function unless they fully understand all the implications of
+unconditionally untainting the value. Untainting should be done in the
+standard perl fashion, via a carefully crafted regexp, rather than directly
+untainting variables.
- char* POPp
+ void SvTAINTED_off(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item POPs
+=item SvTAINTED_on
-Pops an SV off the stack.
+Marks an SV as tainted.
- SV* POPs
+ void SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUSHi
+=item SvTRUE
-Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHi>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether Perl would evaluate the SV as true or
+false, defined or undefined. Does not handle 'get' magic.
- void PUSHi(IV iv)
+ bool SvTRUE(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUSHMARK
+=item SvTYPE
-Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Returns the type of the SV. See C<svtype>.
- PUSHMARK;
+ svtype SvTYPE(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUSHn
+=item SvUNLOCK
-Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHn>.
+Releases a mutual exclusion lock on sv if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
- void PUSHn(NV nv)
+
+ void SvUNLOCK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUSHp
+=item SvUOK
-Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
-C<XPUSHp>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
- void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+ void SvUOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUSHs
+=item SvUPGRADE
-Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHs>.
+Used to upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Uses C<sv_upgrade> to
+perform the upgrade if necessary. See C<svtype>.
- void PUSHs(SV* sv)
+ void SvUPGRADE(SV* sv, svtype type)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUSHu
+=item SvUTF8
-Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
-element. See C<XPUSHu>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains UTF-8 encoded data.
- void PUSHu(UV uv)
+ void SvUTF8(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item PUTBACK
+=item SvUTF8_off
-Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
-See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
+Unsets the UTF8 status of an SV.
- PUTBACK;
+ void SvUTF8_off(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Renew
+=item SvUTF8_on
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
+Turn on the UTF8 status of an SV (the data is not changed, just the flag).
+Do not use frivolously.
- void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ void SvUTF8_on(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Renewc
+=item SvUV
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
-cast.
+Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it. See C<SvUVx>
+for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
- void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+ UV SvUV(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item require_pv
+Found in file sv.h
-Tells Perl to C<require> a module.
+=item SvUVX
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Returns the raw value in the SV's UV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvUV()>.
- void require_pv(const char* pv)
+ UV SvUVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item RETVAL
+=item SvUVx
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
-XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
-L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
+Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it. Guarantees to
+evaluate sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvUV> otherwise.
- (whatever) RETVAL
+ UV SvUVx(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item Safefree
+=item sv_2bool
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
+This function is only called on magical items, and is only used by
+sv_true() or its macro equivalent.
- void Safefree(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+ bool sv_2bool(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item savepv
+=item sv_2cv
-Copy a string to a safe spot. This does not use an SV.
+Using various gambits, try to get a CV from an SV; in addition, try if
+possible to set C<*st> and C<*gvp> to the stash and GV associated with it.
- char* savepv(const char* sv)
+ CV* sv_2cv(SV* sv, HV** st, GV** gvp, I32 lref)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file sv.c
-=item savepvn
+=item sv_2io
-Copy a string to a safe spot. The C<len> indicates number of bytes to
-copy. This does not use an SV.
+Using various gambits, try to get an IO from an SV: the IO slot if its a
+GV; or the recursive result if we're an RV; or the IO slot of the symbol
+named after the PV if we're a string.
- char* savepvn(const char* sv, I32 len)
+ IO* sv_2io(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SAVETMPS
+=item sv_2iv
-Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Return the integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string conversion,
+magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvIV(sv)> and C<SvIVx(sv)> macros.
- SAVETMPS;
+ IV sv_2iv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SP
+=item sv_2mortal
-Stack pointer. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>. See C<dSP> and
-C<SPAGAIN>.
+Marks an existing SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed "soon", either
+by an explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
+statement boundaries. See also C<sv_newmortal> and C<sv_mortalcopy>.
+
+ SV* sv_2mortal(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SPAGAIN
+=item sv_2nv
-Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
+Return the num value of an SV, doing any necessary string or integer
+conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvNV(sv)> and C<SvNVx(sv)>
+macros.
- SPAGAIN;
+ NV sv_2nv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item ST
+=item sv_2pvbyte
-Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
+Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
+to its length. May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF8 as a
+side-effect.
- SV* ST(int ix)
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvbyte(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strEQ
+=item sv_2pvbyte_nolen
-Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
+Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV.
+May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF8 as a side-effect.
- bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte_nolen> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvbyte_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strGE
+=item sv_2pvutf8
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
-the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Return a pointer to the UTF8-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
+to its length. May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF8 as a side-effect.
- bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvutf8(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strGT
+=item sv_2pvutf8_nolen
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
-C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Return a pointer to the UTF8-encoded representation of the SV.
+May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF8 as a side-effect.
- bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
+Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro.
+
+ char* sv_2pvutf8_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strLE
+=item sv_2pv_flags
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
-second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Returns a pointer to the string value of an SV, and sets *lp to its length.
+If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first. Coerces sv to a string
+if necessary.
+Normally invoked via the C<SvPV_flags> macro. C<sv_2pv()> and C<sv_2pv_nomg>
+usually end up here too.
- bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ char* sv_2pv_flags(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item strLT
+Found in file sv.c
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
-C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+=item sv_2pv_nolen
- bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
+Like C<sv_2pv()>, but doesn't return the length too. You should usually
+use the macro wrapper C<SvPV_nolen(sv)> instead.
+ char* sv_2pv_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strNE
+=item sv_2uv
-Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
-false.
+Return the unsigned integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
+conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvUV(sv)> and C<SvUVx(sv)>
+macros.
- bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ UV sv_2uv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strnEQ
+=item sv_backoff
-Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
-the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
-C<strncmp>).
+Remove any string offset. You should normally use the C<SvOOK_off> macro
+wrapper instead.
- bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+ int sv_backoff(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strnNE
+=item sv_bless
-Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
-indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
-wrapper for C<strncmp>).
+Blesses an SV into a specified package. The SV must be an RV. The package
+must be designated by its stash (see C<gv_stashpv()>). The reference count
+of the SV is unaffected.
- bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+ SV* sv_bless(SV* sv, HV* stash)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item StructCopy
+=item sv_catpv
-This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
+Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV.
+If the SV has the UTF8 status set, then the bytes appended should be
+valid UTF8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpv_mg>.
- void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
+ void sv_catpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvCUR
+=item sv_catpvf
-Returns the length of the string which is in the SV. See C<SvLEN>.
+Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and appends the formatted
+output to an SV. If the appended data contains "wide" characters
+(including, but not limited to, SVs with a UTF-8 PV formatted with %s,
+and characters >255 formatted with %c), the original SV might get
+upgraded to UTF-8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic.
+C<SvSETMAGIC()> must typically be called after calling this function
+to handle 'set' magic.
- STRLEN SvCUR(SV* sv)
+ void sv_catpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvCUR_set
+=item sv_catpvf_mg
-Set the length of the string which is in the SV. See C<SvCUR>.
+Like C<sv_catpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
- void SvCUR_set(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+ void sv_catpvf_mg(SV *sv, const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvEND
+=item sv_catpvn
-Returns a pointer to the last character in the string which is in the SV.
-See C<SvCUR>. Access the character as *(SvEND(sv)).
+Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
+C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF8
+status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF8.
+Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpvn_mg>.
- char* SvEND(SV* sv)
+ void sv_catpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvGETMAGIC
+=item sv_catpvn_flags
-Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
-argument more than once.
+Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
+C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF8
+status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF8.
+If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<dsv> if
+appropriate, else not. C<sv_catpvn> and C<sv_catpvn_nomg> are implemented
+in terms of this function.
- void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
+ void sv_catpvn_flags(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvGROW
+=item sv_catpvn_mg
-Expands the character buffer in the SV so that it has room for the
-indicated number of bytes (remember to reserve space for an extra trailing
-NUL character). Calls C<sv_grow> to perform the expansion if necessary.
-Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
+Like C<sv_catpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
- void SvGROW(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+ void sv_catpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvIOK
+=item sv_catpv_mg
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer.
+Like C<sv_catpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
- bool SvIOK(SV* sv)
+ void sv_catpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvIOKp
+=item sv_catsv
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer. Checks
-the B<private> setting. Use C<SvIOK>.
+Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
+SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. Handles 'get' magic, but
+not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catsv_mg>.
- bool SvIOKp(SV* sv)
+ void sv_catsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvIOK_off
+=item sv_catsv_flags
-Unsets the IV status of an SV.
+Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
+SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC>
+bit set, will C<mg_get> on the SVs if appropriate, else not. C<sv_catsv>
+and C<sv_catsv_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
- void SvIOK_off(SV* sv)
+ void sv_catsv_flags(SV* dsv, SV* ssv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvIOK_on
+=item sv_catsv_mg
-Tells an SV that it is an integer.
+Like C<sv_catsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
- void SvIOK_on(SV* sv)
+ void sv_catsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvIOK_only
+=item sv_chop
-Tells an SV that it is an integer and disables all other OK bits.
+Efficient removal of characters from the beginning of the string buffer.
+SvPOK(sv) must be true and the C<ptr> must be a pointer to somewhere inside
+the string buffer. The C<ptr> becomes the first character of the adjusted
+string. Uses the "OOK hack".
- void SvIOK_only(SV* sv)
+ void sv_chop(SV* sv, char* ptr)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvIV
+=item sv_clear
-Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it.
+Clear an SV: call any destructors, free up any memory used by the body,
+and free the body itself. The SV's head is I<not> freed, although
+its type is set to all 1's so that it won't inadvertently be assumed
+to be live during global destruction etc.
+This function should only be called when REFCNT is zero. Most of the time
+you'll want to call C<sv_free()> (or its macro wrapper C<SvREFCNT_dec>)
+instead.
- IV SvIV(SV* sv)
+ void sv_clear(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvIVX
+=item sv_cmp
-Returns the integer which is stored in the SV, assuming SvIOK is
-true.
+Compares the strings in two SVs. Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the
+string in C<sv1> is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in
+C<sv2>. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
+coerce its args to strings if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp_locale>.
- IV SvIVX(SV* sv)
+ I32 sv_cmp(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvLEN
+=item sv_cmp_locale
-Returns the size of the string buffer in the SV. See C<SvCUR>.
+Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. Is UTF-8 and
+'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will coerce its args to strings
+if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp_locale>. See also C<sv_cmp>.
- STRLEN SvLEN(SV* sv)
+ I32 sv_cmp_locale(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvLOCK
+=item sv_collxfrm
-Aquires an internal mutex for a SV. Used to make sure multiple threads
-don't stomp on the guts of an SV at the same time
+Add Collate Transform magic to an SV if it doesn't already have it.
- void SvLOCK(SV* sv)
+Any scalar variable may carry PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm magic that contains the
+scalar data of the variable, but transformed to such a format that a normal
+memory comparison can be used to compare the data according to the locale
+settings.
+
+ char* sv_collxfrm(SV* sv, STRLEN* nxp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvNIOK
+=item sv_copypv
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or
-double.
+Copies a stringified representation of the source SV into the
+destination SV. Automatically performs any necessary mg_get and
+coercion of numeric values into strings. Guaranteed to preserve
+UTF-8 flag even from overloaded objects. Similar in nature to
+sv_2pv[_flags] but operates directly on an SV instead of just the
+string. Mostly uses sv_2pv_flags to do its work, except when that
+would lose the UTF-8'ness of the PV.
- bool SvNIOK(SV* sv)
+ void sv_copypv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvNIOKp
+=item sv_dec
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or
-double. Checks the B<private> setting. Use C<SvNIOK>.
+Auto-decrement of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
+if necessary. Handles 'get' magic.
- bool SvNIOKp(SV* sv)
+ void sv_dec(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvNIOK_off
+=item sv_derived_from
-Unsets the NV/IV status of an SV.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is derived from the specified
+class. This is the function that implements C<UNIVERSAL::isa>. It works
+for class names as well as for objects.
- void SvNIOK_off(SV* sv)
+ bool sv_derived_from(SV* sv, const char* name)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file universal.c
-=item SvNOK
+=item sv_eq
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are
+identical. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
+coerce its args to strings if necessary.
- bool SvNOK(SV* sv)
+ I32 sv_eq(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvNOKp
+=item sv_force_normal
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double. Checks the
-B<private> setting. Use C<SvNOK>.
+Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
+a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
+an xpvmg. See also C<sv_force_normal_flags>.
- bool SvNOKp(SV* sv)
+ void sv_force_normal(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvNOK_off
+=item sv_force_normal_flags
-Unsets the NV status of an SV.
+Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
+a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
+an xpvmg. The C<flags> parameter gets passed to C<sv_unref_flags()>
+when unrefing. C<sv_force_normal> calls this function with flags set to 0.
- void SvNOK_off(SV* sv)
+ void sv_force_normal_flags(SV *sv, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvNOK_on
+=item sv_free
-Tells an SV that it is a double.
+Decrement an SV's reference count, and if it drops to zero, call
+C<sv_clear> to invoke destructors and free up any memory used by
+the body; finally, deallocate the SV's head itself.
+Normally called via a wrapper macro C<SvREFCNT_dec>.
- void SvNOK_on(SV* sv)
+ void sv_free(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvNOK_only
+=item sv_gets
-Tells an SV that it is a double and disables all other OK bits.
+Get a line from the filehandle and store it into the SV, optionally
+appending to the currently-stored string.
- void SvNOK_only(SV* sv)
+ char* sv_gets(SV* sv, PerlIO* fp, I32 append)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvNV
+=item sv_grow
-Coerce the given SV to a double and return it.
+Expands the character buffer in the SV. If necessary, uses C<sv_unref> and
+upgrades the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
+Use the C<SvGROW> wrapper instead.
- NV SvNV(SV* sv)
+ char* sv_grow(SV* sv, STRLEN newlen)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvNVX
+=item sv_inc
-Returns the double which is stored in the SV, assuming SvNOK is
-true.
+Auto-increment of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
+if necessary. Handles 'get' magic.
- NV SvNVX(SV* sv)
+ void sv_inc(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvOK
+=item sv_insert
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the value is an SV.
+Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the SV. Similar to
+the Perl substr() function.
- bool SvOK(SV* sv)
+ void sv_insert(SV* bigsv, STRLEN offset, STRLEN len, char* little, STRLEN littlelen)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvOOK
+=item sv_isa
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SvIVX is a valid offset value for
-the SvPVX. This hack is used internally to speed up removal of characters
-from the beginning of a SvPV. When SvOOK is true, then the start of the
-allocated string buffer is really (SvPVX - SvIVX).
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is blessed into the specified
+class. This does not check for subtypes; use C<sv_derived_from> to verify
+an inheritance relationship.
- bool SvOOK(SV* sv)
+ int sv_isa(SV* sv, const char* name)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvPOK
+=item sv_isobject
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character
-string.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is an RV pointing to a blessed
+object. If the SV is not an RV, or if the object is not blessed, then this
+will return false.
- bool SvPOK(SV* sv)
+ int sv_isobject(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvPOKp
+=item sv_iv
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character string.
-Checks the B<private> setting. Use C<SvPOK>.
+A private implementation of the C<SvIVx> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
- bool SvPOKp(SV* sv)
+ IV sv_iv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvPOK_off
+=item sv_len
-Unsets the PV status of an SV.
+Returns the length of the string in the SV. Handles magic and type
+coercion. See also C<SvCUR>, which gives raw access to the xpv_cur slot.
- void SvPOK_off(SV* sv)
+ STRLEN sv_len(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvPOK_on
+=item sv_len_utf8
-Tells an SV that it is a string.
+Returns the number of characters in the string in an SV, counting wide
+UTF8 bytes as a single character. Handles magic and type coercion.
- void SvPOK_on(SV* sv)
+ STRLEN sv_len_utf8(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvPOK_only
+=item sv_magic
-Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits.
+Adds magic to an SV. First upgrades C<sv> to type C<SVt_PVMG> if necessary,
+then adds a new magic item of type C<how> to the head of the magic list.
- void SvPOK_only(SV* sv)
+ void sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvPV
+Found in file sv.c
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
-if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
+=item sv_magicext
- char* SvPV(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+Adds magic to an SV, upgrading it if necessary. Applies the
+supplied vtable and returns pointer to the magic added.
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Note that sv_magicext will allow things that sv_magic will not.
+In particular you can add magic to SvREADONLY SVs and and more than
+one instance of the same 'how'
-=item SvPVX
+I C<namelen> is greater then zero then a savepvn() I<copy> of C<name> is stored,
+if C<namelen> is zero then C<name> is stored as-is and - as another special
+case - if C<(name && namelen == HEf_SVKEY)> then C<name> is assumed to contain
+an C<SV*> and has its REFCNT incremented
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV. The SV must contain a
-string.
+(This is now used as a subroutine by sv_magic.)
- char* SvPVX(SV* sv)
+ MAGIC * sv_magicext(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, MGVTBL *vtbl, const char* name, I32 namlen )
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvPV_force
+=item sv_mortalcopy
-Like <SvPV> but will force the SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want
-force if you are going to update the SvPVX directly.
+Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV (using C<sv_setsv>).
+The new SV is marked as mortal. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an
+explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
+statement boundaries. See also C<sv_newmortal> and C<sv_2mortal>.
- char* SvPV_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+ SV* sv_mortalcopy(SV* oldsv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvPV_nolen
+=item sv_newmortal
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
-if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
+Creates a new null SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is
+set to 1. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an explicit call to
+FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as statement boundaries.
+See also C<sv_mortalcopy> and C<sv_2mortal>.
- char* SvPV_nolen(SV* sv)
+ SV* sv_newmortal()
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvREFCNT
+=item sv_newref
-Returns the value of the object's reference count.
+Increment an SV's reference count. Use the C<SvREFCNT_inc()> wrapper
+instead.
- U32 SvREFCNT(SV* sv)
+ SV* sv_newref(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvREFCNT_dec
+=item sv_nolocking
-Decrements the reference count of the given SV.
+Dummy routine which "locks" an SV when there is no locking module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could potentially warn under
+some level of strict-ness.
- void SvREFCNT_dec(SV* sv)
+ void sv_nolocking(SV *)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item SvREFCNT_inc
+=item sv_nosharing
-Increments the reference count of the given SV.
+Dummy routine which "shares" an SV when there is no sharing module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could potentially warn under
+some level of strict-ness.
- SV* SvREFCNT_inc(SV* sv)
+ void sv_nosharing(SV *)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item SvROK
+=item sv_nounlocking
-Tests if the SV is an RV.
+Dummy routine which "unlocks" an SV when there is no locking module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could potentially warn under
+some level of strict-ness.
- bool SvROK(SV* sv)
+ void sv_nounlocking(SV *)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item SvROK_off
+=item sv_nv
-Unsets the RV status of an SV.
+A private implementation of the C<SvNVx> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
- void SvROK_off(SV* sv)
+ NV sv_nv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvROK_on
+=item sv_pos_b2u
-Tells an SV that it is an RV.
+Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of bytes from the
+start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of UTF8 chars.
+Handles magic and type coercion.
- void SvROK_on(SV* sv)
+ void sv_pos_b2u(SV* sv, I32* offsetp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvRV
+=item sv_pos_u2b
-Dereferences an RV to return the SV.
+Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of UTF8 chars from
+the start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of bytes; if
+lenp is non-zero, it does the same to lenp, but this time starting from
+the offset, rather than from the start of the string. Handles magic and
+type coercion.
- SV* SvRV(SV* sv)
+ void sv_pos_u2b(SV* sv, I32* offsetp, I32* lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvSETMAGIC
+=item sv_pv
-Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
-argument more than once.
+Use the C<SvPV_nolen> macro instead
- void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
+ char* sv_pv(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvSetSV
+=item sv_pvbyte
-Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
-more than once.
+Use C<SvPVbyte_nolen> instead.
- void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
+ char* sv_pvbyte(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvSetSV_nosteal
+=item sv_pvbyten
-Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
-ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVbyte> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
- void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+ char* sv_pvbyten(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvSTASH
+=item sv_pvbyten_force
-Returns the stash of the SV.
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVbytex_force> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
- HV* SvSTASH(SV* sv)
+ char* sv_pvbyten_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvTAINT
+=item sv_pvn
-Taints an SV if tainting is enabled
+A private implementation of the C<SvPV> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
- void SvTAINT(SV* sv)
+ char* sv_pvn(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvTAINTED
+=item sv_pvn_force
-Checks to see if an SV is tainted. Returns TRUE if it is, FALSE if
-not.
+Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
+A private implementation of the C<SvPV_force> macro for compilers which
+can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
- bool SvTAINTED(SV* sv)
+ char* sv_pvn_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvTAINTED_off
+=item sv_pvn_force_flags
-Untaints an SV. Be I<very> careful with this routine, as it short-circuits
-some of Perl's fundamental security features. XS module authors should not
-use this function unless they fully understand all the implications of
-unconditionally untainting the value. Untainting should be done in the
-standard perl fashion, via a carefully crafted regexp, rather than directly
-untainting variables.
+Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
+If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if
+appropriate, else not. C<sv_pvn_force> and C<sv_pvn_force_nomg> are
+implemented in terms of this function.
+You normally want to use the various wrapper macros instead: see
+C<SvPV_force> and C<SvPV_force_nomg>
- void SvTAINTED_off(SV* sv)
+ char* sv_pvn_force_flags(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvTAINTED_on
+=item sv_pvutf8
-Marks an SV as tainted.
+Use the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro instead
- void SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv)
+ char* sv_pvutf8(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvTRUE
+=item sv_pvutf8n
-Returns a boolean indicating whether Perl would evaluate the SV as true or
-false, defined or undefined. Does not handle 'get' magic.
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVutf8> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
- bool SvTRUE(SV* sv)
+ char* sv_pvutf8n(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item svtype
+=item sv_pvutf8n_force
-An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
-in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
+A private implementation of the C<SvPVutf8_force> macro for compilers
+which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
+instead.
+
+ char* sv_pvutf8n_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvTYPE
+=item sv_reftype
-Returns the type of the SV. See C<svtype>.
+Returns a string describing what the SV is a reference to.
- svtype SvTYPE(SV* sv)
+ char* sv_reftype(SV* sv, int ob)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_IV
+=item sv_replace
-Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Make the first argument a copy of the second, then delete the original.
+The target SV physically takes over ownership of the body of the source SV
+and inherits its flags; however, the target keeps any magic it owns,
+and any magic in the source is discarded.
+Note that this is a rather specialist SV copying operation; most of the
+time you'll want to use C<sv_setsv> or one of its many macro front-ends.
+
+ void sv_replace(SV* sv, SV* nsv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_NV
+=item sv_report_used
-Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Dump the contents of all SVs not yet freed. (Debugging aid).
+
+ void sv_report_used()
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_PV
+=item sv_reset
-Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Underlying implementation for the C<reset> Perl function.
+Note that the perl-level function is vaguely deprecated.
+
+ void sv_reset(char* s, HV* stash)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_PVAV
+=item sv_rvweaken
-Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
+Weaken a reference: set the C<SvWEAKREF> flag on this RV; give the
+referred-to SV C<PERL_MAGIC_backref> magic if it hasn't already; and
+push a back-reference to this RV onto the array of backreferences
+associated with that magic.
+
+ SV* sv_rvweaken(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_PVCV
+=item sv_setiv
-Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
+Copies an integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setiv_mg>.
+
+ void sv_setiv(SV* sv, IV num)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_PVHV
+=item sv_setiv_mg
-Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
+Like C<sv_setiv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+
+ void sv_setiv_mg(SV *sv, IV i)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SVt_PVMG
+=item sv_setnv
-Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Copies a double into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setnv_mg>.
+
+ void sv_setnv(SV* sv, NV num)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUNLOCK
+=item sv_setnv_mg
-Release the internal mutex for an SV.
+Like C<sv_setnv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
- void SvUNLOCK(SV* sv)
+ void sv_setnv_mg(SV *sv, NV num)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUPGRADE
+=item sv_setpv
-Used to upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Uses C<sv_upgrade> to
-perform the upgrade if necessary. See C<svtype>.
+Copies a string into an SV. The string must be null-terminated. Does not
+handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpv_mg>.
- void SvUPGRADE(SV* sv, svtype type)
+ void sv_setpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUV
+=item sv_setpvf
-Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it.
+Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and sets an SV to the formatted
+output. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
- UV SvUV(SV* sv)
+ void sv_setpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SvUVX
+=item sv_setpvf_mg
-Returns the unsigned integer which is stored in the SV, assuming SvIOK is
-true.
+Like C<sv_setpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
- UV SvUVX(SV* sv)
+ void sv_setpvf_mg(SV *sv, const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_2mortal
+=item sv_setpvn
-Marks an SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed when the current context
-ends.
+Copies a string into an SV. The C<len> parameter indicates the number of
+bytes to be copied. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvn_mg>.
- SV* sv_2mortal(SV* sv)
+ void sv_setpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_bless
+=item sv_setpvn_mg
-Blesses an SV into a specified package. The SV must be an RV. The package
-must be designated by its stash (see C<gv_stashpv()>). The reference count
-of the SV is unaffected.
+Like C<sv_setpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
- SV* sv_bless(SV* sv, HV* stash)
+ void sv_setpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_catpv
+=item sv_setpv_mg
-Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV.
-Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpv_mg>.
+Like C<sv_setpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
- void sv_catpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
+ void sv_setpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_catpvf
+=item sv_setref_iv
-Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and appends the formatted output
-to an SV. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. C<SvSETMAGIC()> must
-typically be called after calling this function to handle 'set' magic.
+Copies an integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
+argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
+the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
+blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
+will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
- void sv_catpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
+ SV* sv_setref_iv(SV* rv, const char* classname, IV iv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_catpvf_mg
+=item sv_setref_nv
-Like C<sv_catpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+Copies a double into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
+argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
+the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
+blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
+will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
- void sv_catpvf_mg(SV *sv, const char* pat, ...)
+ SV* sv_setref_nv(SV* rv, const char* classname, NV nv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_catpvn
-
-Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
-C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. Handles 'get' magic, but not
-'set' magic. See C<sv_catpvn_mg>.
-
- void sv_catpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
+=item sv_setref_pv
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Copies a pointer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
+argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
+the new SV. If the C<pv> argument is NULL then C<PL_sv_undef> will be placed
+into the SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
+blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
+will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
-=item sv_catpvn_mg
+Do not use with other Perl types such as HV, AV, SV, CV, because those
+objects will become corrupted by the pointer copy process.
-Like C<sv_catpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+Note that C<sv_setref_pvn> copies the string while this copies the pointer.
- void sv_catpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
+ SV* sv_setref_pv(SV* rv, const char* classname, void* pv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_catpv_mg
+=item sv_setref_pvn
-Like C<sv_catpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+Copies a string into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The length of the
+string must be specified with C<n>. The C<rv> argument will be upgraded to
+an RV. That RV will be modified to point to the new SV. The C<classname>
+argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set C<classname> to
+C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have
+a reference count of 1.
- void sv_catpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr)
+Note that C<sv_setref_pv> copies the pointer while this copies the string.
+
+ SV* sv_setref_pvn(SV* rv, const char* classname, char* pv, STRLEN n)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_catsv
+=item sv_setref_uv
-Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in SV
-C<dsv>. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catsv_mg>.
+Copies an unsigned integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
+argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
+the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
+blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
+will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
- void sv_catsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+ SV* sv_setref_uv(SV* rv, const char* classname, UV uv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_catsv_mg
+=item sv_setsv
-Like C<sv_catsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
+C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
+function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
+Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
+content of the destination.
- void sv_catsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
+You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
+C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
+C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
+
+ void sv_setsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_chop
+=item sv_setsv_flags
-Efficient removal of characters from the beginning of the string buffer.
-SvPOK(sv) must be true and the C<ptr> must be a pointer to somewhere inside
-the string buffer. The C<ptr> becomes the first character of the adjusted
-string.
+Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
+C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
+function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
+Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
+content of the destination.
+If the C<flags> parameter has the C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on
+C<ssv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_setsv> and C<sv_setsv_nomg> are
+implemented in terms of this function.
- void sv_chop(SV* sv, char* ptr)
+You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
+C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
+C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
+
+This is the primary function for copying scalars, and most other
+copy-ish functions and macros use this underneath.
+
+ void sv_setsv_flags(SV* dsv, SV* ssv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_cmp
+=item sv_setsv_mg
-Compares the strings in two SVs. Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the
-string in C<sv1> is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in
-C<sv2>.
+Like C<sv_setsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
- I32 sv_cmp(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
+ void sv_setsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_dec
+=item sv_setuv
-Auto-decrement of the value in the SV.
+Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setuv_mg>.
- void sv_dec(SV* sv)
+ void sv_setuv(SV* sv, UV num)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_derived_from
+=item sv_setuv_mg
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is derived from the specified
-class. This is the function that implements C<UNIVERSAL::isa>. It works
-for class names as well as for objects.
+Like C<sv_setuv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
- bool sv_derived_from(SV* sv, const char* name)
+ void sv_setuv_mg(SV *sv, UV u)
=for hackers
-Found in file universal.c
-
-=item sv_eq
+Found in file sv.c
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are
-identical.
+=item sv_taint
- I32 sv_eq(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
+Taint an SV. Use C<SvTAINTED_on> instead.
+ void sv_taint(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_grow
-
-Expands the character buffer in the SV. This will use C<sv_unref> and will
-upgrade the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
-Use C<SvGROW>.
+=item sv_tainted
- char* sv_grow(SV* sv, STRLEN newlen)
+Test an SV for taintedness. Use C<SvTAINTED> instead.
+ bool sv_tainted(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_inc
+=item sv_true
-Auto-increment of the value in the SV.
+Returns true if the SV has a true value by Perl's rules.
+Use the C<SvTRUE> macro instead, which may call C<sv_true()> or may
+instead use an in-line version.
- void sv_inc(SV* sv)
+ I32 sv_true(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_insert
+=item sv_unmagic
-Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the SV. Similar to
-the Perl substr() function.
+Removes all magic of type C<type> from an SV.
- void sv_insert(SV* bigsv, STRLEN offset, STRLEN len, char* little, STRLEN littlelen)
+ int sv_unmagic(SV* sv, int type)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_isa
+=item sv_unref
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is blessed into the specified
-class. This does not check for subtypes; use C<sv_derived_from> to verify
-an inheritance relationship.
+Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of
+whatever was being referenced by the RV. This can almost be thought of
+as a reversal of C<newSVrv>. This is C<sv_unref_flags> with the C<flag>
+being zero. See C<SvROK_off>.
- int sv_isa(SV* sv, const char* name)
+ void sv_unref(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_isobject
+=item sv_unref_flags
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is an RV pointing to a blessed
-object. If the SV is not an RV, or if the object is not blessed, then this
-will return false.
+Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of
+whatever was being referenced by the RV. This can almost be thought of
+as a reversal of C<newSVrv>. The C<cflags> argument can contain
+C<SV_IMMEDIATE_UNREF> to force the reference count to be decremented
+(otherwise the decrementing is conditional on the reference count being
+different from one or the reference being a readonly SV).
+See C<SvROK_off>.
- int sv_isobject(SV* sv)
+ void sv_unref_flags(SV* sv, U32 flags)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_len
-
-Returns the length of the string in the SV. See also C<SvCUR>.
+=item sv_untaint
- STRLEN sv_len(SV* sv)
+Untaint an SV. Use C<SvTAINTED_off> instead.
+ void sv_untaint(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_magic
+=item sv_upgrade
-Adds magic to an SV.
+Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Generally adds a new body type to the
+SV, then copies across as much information as possible from the old body.
+You generally want to use the C<SvUPGRADE> macro wrapper. See also C<svtype>.
- void sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen)
+ bool sv_upgrade(SV* sv, U32 mt)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_mortalcopy
+=item sv_usepvn
-Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV. The new SV is marked
-as mortal.
+Tells an SV to use C<ptr> to find its string value. Normally the string is
+stored inside the SV but sv_usepvn allows the SV to use an outside string.
+The C<ptr> should point to memory that was allocated by C<malloc>. The
+string length, C<len>, must be supplied. This function will realloc the
+memory pointed to by C<ptr>, so that pointer should not be freed or used by
+the programmer after giving it to sv_usepvn. Does not handle 'set' magic.
+See C<sv_usepvn_mg>.
- SV* sv_mortalcopy(SV* oldsv)
+ void sv_usepvn(SV* sv, char* ptr, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_newmortal
+=item sv_usepvn_mg
-Creates a new SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is set to 1.
+Like C<sv_usepvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
- SV* sv_newmortal()
+ void sv_usepvn_mg(SV *sv, char *ptr, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_setiv
+=item sv_utf8_decode
-Copies an integer into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See
-C<sv_setiv_mg>.
+Convert the octets in the PV from UTF-8 to chars. Scan for validity and then
+turn off SvUTF8 if needed so that we see characters. Used as a building block
+for decode_utf8 in Encode.xs
- void sv_setiv(SV* sv, IV num)
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ bool sv_utf8_decode(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_setiv_mg
+=item sv_utf8_downgrade
-Like C<sv_setiv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+Attempt to convert the PV of an SV from UTF8-encoded to byte encoding.
+This may not be possible if the PV contains non-byte encoding characters;
+if this is the case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
+true, croaks.
- void sv_setiv_mg(SV *sv, IV i)
+This is not as a general purpose Unicode to byte encoding interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ bool sv_utf8_downgrade(SV *sv, bool fail_ok)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_setnv
+=item sv_utf8_encode
-Copies a double into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See
-C<sv_setnv_mg>.
+Convert the PV of an SV to UTF8-encoded, but then turn off the C<SvUTF8>
+flag so that it looks like octets again. Used as a building block
+for encode_utf8 in Encode.xs
- void sv_setnv(SV* sv, NV num)
+ void sv_utf8_encode(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_setnv_mg
+=item sv_utf8_upgrade
-Like C<sv_setnv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
+Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
+Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
+if all the bytes have hibit clear.
- void sv_setnv_mg(SV *sv, NV num)
+This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
+ STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_setpv
+=item sv_utf8_upgrade_flags
-Copies a string into an SV. The string must be null-terminated. Does not
-handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpv_mg>.
+Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
+Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
+Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
+if all the bytes have hibit clear. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set,
+will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_utf8_upgrade> and
+C<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
- void sv_setpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
+This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
+ STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(SV *sv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_setpvf
+=item sv_uv
-Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and sets an SV to the formatted
-output. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
+A private implementation of the C<SvUVx> macro for compilers which can't
+cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
- void sv_setpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
+ UV sv_uv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_setpvf_mg
+=item sv_vcatpvfn
-Like C<sv_setpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
+to an SV. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is
+missing (NULL). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via
+C<maybe_tainted> if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of
+locales).
- void sv_setpvf_mg(SV *sv, const char* pat, ...)
+Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_catpvf> and C<sv_catpvf_mg>.
+
+ void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_setpviv
+=item sv_vsetpvfn
+
+Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
+appending it.
-Copies an integer into the given SV, also updating its string value.
-Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpviv_mg>.
+Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_setpvf> and C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
- void sv_setpviv(SV* sv, IV num)
+ void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_setpviv_mg
-Like C<sv_setpviv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+=back
+
+=head1 Unicode Support
- void sv_setpviv_mg(SV *sv, IV iv)
+=over 8
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+=item bytes_from_utf8
-=item sv_setpvn
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
+Unlike <utf8_to_bytes> but like C<bytes_to_utf8>, returns a pointer to
+the newly-created string, and updates C<len> to contain the new
+length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, C<len>
+is unchanged. Do nothing if C<is_utf8> points to 0. Sets C<is_utf8> to
+0 if C<s> is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
-Copies a string into an SV. The C<len> parameter indicates the number of
-bytes to be copied. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvn_mg>.
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
- void sv_setpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
+ U8* bytes_from_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_setpvn_mg
+=item bytes_to_utf8
-Like C<sv_setpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
+Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
+reflect the new length.
- void sv_setpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ U8* bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_setpv_mg
+=item ibcmp_utf8
-Like C<sv_setpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+Return true if the strings s1 and s2 differ case-insensitively, false
+if not (if they are equal case-insensitively). If u1 is true, the
+string s1 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u2 is true,
+the string s2 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u1 or u2
+are false, the respective string is assumed to be in native 8-bit
+encoding.
- void sv_setpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr)
+If the pe1 and pe2 are non-NULL, the scanning pointers will be copied
+in there (they will point at the beginning of the I<next> character).
+If the pointers behind pe1 or pe2 are non-NULL, they are the end
+pointers beyond which scanning will not continue under any
+circustances. If the byte lengths l1 and l2 are non-zero, s1+l1 and
+s2+l2 will be used as goal end pointers that will also stop the scan,
+and which qualify towards defining a successful match: all the scans
+that define an explicit length must reach their goal pointers for
+a match to succeed).
+
+For case-insensitiveness, the "casefolding" of Unicode is used
+instead of upper/lowercasing both the characters, see
+http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/ (Case Mappings).
+
+ I32 ibcmp_utf8(const char* a, char **pe1, UV l1, bool u1, const char* b, char **pe2, UV l2, bool u2)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_setref_iv
+=item is_utf8_char
-Copies an integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
-argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
-the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
-blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8
+character. Note that an INVARIANT (i.e. ASCII) character is a valid
+UTF-8 character. The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character
+will be returned if it is valid, otherwise 0.
- SV* sv_setref_iv(SV* rv, const char* classname, IV iv)
+ STRLEN is_utf8_char(U8 *p)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_setref_nv
+=item is_utf8_string
-Copies a double into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
-argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
-the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
-blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form a valid UTF8
+string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid UTF8 string' does not mean
+'a string that contains UTF8' because a valid ASCII string is a valid
+UTF8 string.
- SV* sv_setref_nv(SV* rv, const char* classname, NV nv)
+ bool is_utf8_string(U8 *s, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_setref_pv
+=item pv_uni_display
-Copies a pointer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
-argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
-the new SV. If the C<pv> argument is NULL then C<PL_sv_undef> will be placed
-into the SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
-blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the string spv,
+length len, the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
+(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
-Do not use with other Perl types such as HV, AV, SV, CV, because those
-objects will become corrupted by the pointer copy process.
+The flags argument can have UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT set to display
+isPRINT()able characters as themselves, UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH
+to display the \\[nrfta\\] as the backslashed versions (like '\n')
+(UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH is preferred over UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT for \\).
+UNI_DISPLAY_QQ (and its alias UNI_DISPLAY_REGEX) have both
+UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH and UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT turned on.
-Note that C<sv_setref_pvn> copies the string while this copies the pointer.
+The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
- SV* sv_setref_pv(SV* rv, const char* classname, void* pv)
+ char* pv_uni_display(SV *dsv, U8 *spv, STRLEN len, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_setref_pvn
+=item sv_recode_to_utf8
-Copies a string into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The length of the
-string must be specified with C<n>. The C<rv> argument will be upgraded to
-an RV. That RV will be modified to point to the new SV. The C<classname>
-argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set C<classname> to
-C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have
-a reference count of 1.
+The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, on entry the PV
+of the sv is assumed to be octets in that encoding, and the sv
+will be converted into Unicode (and UTF-8).
-Note that C<sv_setref_pv> copies the pointer while this copies the string.
+If the sv already is UTF-8 (or if it is not POK), or if the encoding
+is not a reference, nothing is done to the sv. If the encoding is not
+an C<Encode::XS> Encoding object, bad things will happen.
+(See F<lib/encoding.pm> and L<Encode>).
- SV* sv_setref_pvn(SV* rv, const char* classname, char* pv, STRLEN n)
+The PV of the sv is returned.
+
+ char* sv_recode_to_utf8(SV* sv, SV *encoding)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_setsv
-
-Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV C<dsv>.
-The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal. Does not handle 'set'
-magic. See the macro forms C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal> and
-C<sv_setsv_mg>.
-
- void sv_setsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+=item sv_uni_display
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the scalar sv,
+the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
+(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
-=item sv_setsv_mg
+The flags argument is as in pv_uni_display().
-Like C<sv_setsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
- void sv_setsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
+ char* sv_uni_display(SV *dsv, SV *ssv, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item to_utf8_case
-=item sv_setuv
+The "p" contains the pointer to the UTF-8 string encoding
+the character that is being converted.
-Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic.
-See C<sv_setuv_mg>.
+The "ustrp" is a pointer to the character buffer to put the
+conversion result to. The "lenp" is a pointer to the length
+of the result.
- void sv_setuv(SV* sv, UV num)
+The "swashp" is a pointer to the swash to use.
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Both the special and normal mappings are stored lib/unicore/To/Foo.pl,
+and loaded by SWASHGET, using lib/utf8_heavy.pl. The special (usually,
+but not always, a multicharacter mapping), is tried first.
-=item sv_setuv_mg
+The "special" is a string like "utf8::ToSpecLower", which means the
+hash %utf8::ToSpecLower. The access to the hash is through
+Perl_to_utf8_case().
-Like C<sv_setuv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+The "normal" is a string like "ToLower" which means the swash
+%utf8::ToLower.
- void sv_setuv_mg(SV *sv, UV u)
+ UV to_utf8_case(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp, SV **swash, char *normal, char *special)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_unref
+=item to_utf8_fold
-Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of
-whatever was being referenced by the RV. This can almost be thought of
-as a reversal of C<newSVrv>. See C<SvROK_off>.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its foldcase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_FOLD+1 bytes since the
+foldcase version may be longer than the original character (up to
+three characters).
- void sv_unref(SV* sv)
+The first character of the foldcased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_fold(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_upgrade
+=item to_utf8_lower
-Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Use C<SvUPGRADE>. See
-C<svtype>.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its lowercase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1 bytes since the
+lowercase version may be longer than the original character (up to two
+characters).
- bool sv_upgrade(SV* sv, U32 mt)
+The first character of the lowercased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_lower(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_usepvn
+=item to_utf8_title
-Tells an SV to use C<ptr> to find its string value. Normally the string is
-stored inside the SV but sv_usepvn allows the SV to use an outside string.
-The C<ptr> should point to memory that was allocated by C<malloc>. The
-string length, C<len>, must be supplied. This function will realloc the
-memory pointed to by C<ptr>, so that pointer should not be freed or used by
-the programmer after giving it to sv_usepvn. Does not handle 'set' magic.
-See C<sv_usepvn_mg>.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its titlecase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1 bytes since the
+titlecase version may be longer than the original character (up to two
+characters).
- void sv_usepvn(SV* sv, char* ptr, STRLEN len)
+The first character of the titlecased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_title(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_usepvn_mg
+=item to_utf8_upper
-Like C<sv_usepvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its uppercase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1 bytes since the
+uppercase version may be longer than the original character (up to two
+characters).
- void sv_usepvn_mg(SV *sv, char *ptr, STRLEN len)
+The first character of the uppercased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
+
+ UV to_utf8_upper(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_vcatpvfn
+=item utf8n_to_uvchr
-Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
-to an SV. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is
-missing (NULL). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via
-C<maybe_tainted> if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of
-locales).
+Returns the native character value of the first character in the string C<s>
+which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
+length, in bytes, of that character.
- void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+Allows length and flags to be passed to low level routine.
+
+ UV utf8n_to_uvchr(U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN* retlen, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item sv_vsetpvfn
+=item utf8n_to_uvuni
-Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
-appending it.
+Bottom level UTF-8 decode routine.
+Returns the unicode code point value of the first character in the string C<s>
+which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding and no longer than C<curlen>;
+C<retlen> will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
- void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, the behaviour
+is dependent on the value of C<flags>: if it contains UTF8_CHECK_ONLY,
+it is assumed that the caller will raise a warning, and this function
+will silently just set C<retlen> to C<-1> and return zero. If the
+C<flags> does not contain UTF8_CHECK_ONLY, warnings about
+malformations will be given, C<retlen> will be set to the expected
+length of the UTF-8 character in bytes, and zero will be returned.
+
+The C<flags> can also contain various flags to allow deviations from
+the strict UTF-8 encoding (see F<utf8.h>).
+
+Most code should use utf8_to_uvchr() rather than call this directly.
+
+ UV utf8n_to_uvuni(U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN* retlen, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item THIS
+=item utf8_distance
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
-XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
-L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
+Returns the number of UTF8 characters between the UTF-8 pointers C<a>
+and C<b>.
- (whatever) THIS
+WARNING: use only if you *know* that the pointers point inside the
+same UTF-8 buffer.
+
+ IV utf8_distance(U8 *a, U8 *b)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item toLOWER
+=item utf8_hop
-Converts the specified character to lowercase.
+Return the UTF-8 pointer C<s> displaced by C<off> characters, either
+forward or backward.
- char toLOWER(char ch)
+WARNING: do not use the following unless you *know* C<off> is within
+the UTF-8 data pointed to by C<s> *and* that on entry C<s> is aligned
+on the first byte of character or just after the last byte of a character.
+
+ U8* utf8_hop(U8 *s, I32 off)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item toUPPER
+=item utf8_length
-Converts the specified character to uppercase.
+Return the length of the UTF-8 char encoded string C<s> in characters.
+Stops at C<e> (inclusive). If C<e E<lt> s> or if the scan would end
+up past C<e>, croaks.
- char toUPPER(char ch)
+ STRLEN utf8_length(U8* s, U8 *e)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file utf8.c
=item utf8_to_bytes
-Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into ASCII encoding.
-Unlike C<bytes_to_utf8>, this over-writes the original string.
-Returns zero on failure after converting as much as possible.
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
+Unlike C<bytes_to_utf8>, this over-writes the original string, and
+updates len to contain the new length.
+Returns zero on failure, setting C<len> to -1.
- U8 * utf8_to_bytes(U8 *s, STRLEN len)
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ U8* utf8_to_bytes(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
-=item warn
+=item utf8_to_uvchr
-This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Use this
-function the same way you use the C C<printf> function. See
-C<croak>.
+Returns the native character value of the first character in the string C<s>
+which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
+length, in bytes, of that character.
- void warn(const char* pat, ...)
+If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is
+returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
+
+ UV utf8_to_uvchr(U8 *s, STRLEN* retlen)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item XPUSHi
+=item utf8_to_uvuni
-Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
-'set' magic. See C<PUSHi>.
+Returns the Unicode code point of the first character in the string C<s>
+which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
+length, in bytes, of that character.
- void XPUSHi(IV iv)
+This function should only be used when returned UV is considered
+an index into the Unicode semantic tables (e.g. swashes).
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is
+returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
-=item XPUSHn
+ UV utf8_to_uvuni(U8 *s, STRLEN* retlen)
-Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
-'set' magic. See C<PUSHn>.
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
- void XPUSHn(NV nv)
+=item uvchr_to_utf8
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Adds the UTF8 representation of the Native codepoint C<uv> to the end
+of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
+bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
+end of the new character. In other words,
-=item XPUSHp
+ d = uvchr_to_utf8(d, uv);
-Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
-indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
-C<PUSHp>.
+is the recommended wide native character-aware way of saying
- void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+ *(d++) = uv;
+
+ U8* uvchr_to_utf8(U8 *d, UV uv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item XPUSHs
+=item uvuni_to_utf8_flags
-Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
-handle 'set' magic. See C<PUSHs>.
+Adds the UTF8 representation of the Unicode codepoint C<uv> to the end
+of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
+bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
+end of the new character. In other words,
- void XPUSHs(SV* sv)
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, flags);
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+or, in most cases,
-=item XPUSHu
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8(d, uv);
-Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
-See C<PUSHu>.
+(which is equivalent to)
- void XPUSHu(UV uv)
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, 0);
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
-=item XS
+ *(d++) = uv;
-Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
-C<xsubpp>.
+ U8* uvuni_to_utf8_flags(U8 *d, UV uv, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item XSRETURN
-Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
-handled by C<xsubpp>.
+=back
- void XSRETURN(int nitems)
+=head1 Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item ax
+
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the stack base offset,
+used by the C<ST>, C<XSprePUSH> and C<XSRETURN> macros. The C<dMARK> macro
+must be called prior to setup the C<MARK> variable.
+
+ I32 ax
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_EMPTY
+=item CLASS
-Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
+class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
- XSRETURN_EMPTY;
+ char* CLASS
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_IV
+=item dAX
-Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
+Sets up the C<ax> variable.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
- void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
+ dAX;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_NO
+=item dITEMS
-Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
+Sets up the C<items> variable.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
- XSRETURN_NO;
+ dITEMS;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_NV
+=item dXSARGS
-Return an double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
+Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK.
+Sets up the C<ax> and C<items> variables by calling C<dAX> and C<dITEMS>.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
- void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
+ dXSARGS;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_PV
+=item dXSI32
-Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
+Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
+handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
- void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
+ dXSI32;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_UNDEF
+=item items
-Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
+items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
- XSRETURN_UNDEF;
+ I32 items
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_YES
+=item ix
-Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
+XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
- XSRETURN_YES;
+ I32 ix
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mIV
-
-Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
-value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+=item newXSproto
- void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
+Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
+the subs.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mNO
+=item RETVAL
-Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
+XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
+L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
- void XST_mNO(int pos)
+ (whatever) RETVAL
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mNV
+=item ST
-Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
-is stored in a new mortal SV.
+Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
- void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
+ SV* ST(int ix)
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mPV
+=item THIS
-Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
-The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
+XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
+L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
- void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
+ (whatever) THIS
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mUNDEF
-
-Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+=item XS
- void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
+Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
+C<xsubpp>.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mYES
+=item XSRETURN_EMPTY
-Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
- void XST_mYES(int pos)
+
+ XSRETURN_EMPTY;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Zero
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
-destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
+=back
- void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
+=head1 Warning and Dieing
+
+=over 8
+
+=item croak
+
+This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
+Normally use this function the same way you use the C C<printf>
+function. See C<warn>.
+
+If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
+C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
+
+ errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
+ sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
+ croak(Nullch);
+
+ void croak(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item warn
+
+This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Use this
+function the same way you use the C C<printf> function. See
+C<croak>.
+
+ void warn(const char* pat, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
=back
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff