=head1 SEE ALSO
-perl(1), perlxs(1), perlxstut(1), perlapi(1)
+perl(1), perlxs(1), perlxstut(1), perlxs(1)
=cut
-# Global Constants
-$XSUBPP_version = "1.929";
require 5.002;
+use Cwd;
+use vars '$cplusplus';
sub Q ;
-$FH_string = 'File0000' ;
-*FH = $FH_string ;
+# Global Constants
+
+$XSUBPP_version = "1.9402";
+
+my ($Is_VMS, $SymSet);
+if ($^O eq 'VMS') {
+ $Is_VMS = 1;
+ # Establish set of global symbols with max length 28, since xsubpp
+ # will later add the 'XS_' prefix.
+ require ExtUtils::XSSymSet;
+ $SymSet = new ExtUtils::XSSymSet 28;
+}
+
+$FH = 'File0000' ;
$usage = "Usage: xsubpp [-v] [-C++] [-except] [-prototypes] [-noversioncheck] [-s pattern] [-typemap typemap]... file.xs\n";
SWITCH: while (@ARGV and $ARGV[0] =~ /^-./) {
$flag = shift @ARGV;
$flag =~ s/^-// ;
- $spat = shift, next SWITCH if $flag eq 's';
+ $spat = quotemeta shift, next SWITCH if $flag eq 's';
$cplusplus = 1, next SWITCH if $flag eq 'C++';
$WantPrototypes = 0, next SWITCH if $flag eq 'noprototypes';
$WantPrototypes = 1, next SWITCH if $flag eq 'prototypes';
or ($dir, $filename) = $ARGV[0] =~ m#(.*[>\]])(.*)#
or ($dir, $filename) = ('.', $ARGV[0]);
chdir($dir);
-# Check for VMS; Config.pm may not be installed yet, but this routine
-# is built into VMS perl
-if (defined(&VMS::Filespec::vmsify)) { $Is_VMS = 1; $pwd = $ENV{DEFAULT}; }
-else { $Is_VMS = 0; chomp($pwd = `pwd`); }
+$pwd = cwd();
++ $IncludedFiles{$ARGV[0]} ;
+my(@XSStack) = ({type => 'none'}); # Stack of conditionals and INCLUDEs
+my($XSS_work_idx, $cpp_next_tmp) = (0, "XSubPPtmpAAAA");
+
+
sub TrimWhitespace
{
$_[0] =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//go ;
$current = \$junk;
while (<TYPEMAP>) {
next if /^\s*#/;
+ my $line_no = $. + 1;
if (/^INPUT\s*$/) { $mode = 'Input'; $current = \$junk; next; }
if (/^OUTPUT\s*$/) { $mode = 'Output'; $current = \$junk; next; }
if (/^TYPEMAP\s*$/) { $mode = 'Typemap'; $current = \$junk; next; }
$type = TidyType($type) ;
$type_kind{$type} = $kind ;
# prototype defaults to '$'
- $proto = '$' unless $proto ;
+ $proto = "\$" unless $proto ;
warn("Warning: File '$typemap' Line $. '$line' Invalid prototype '$proto'\n")
unless ValidProtoString($proto) ;
$proto_letter{$type} = C_string($proto) ;
$BLOCK_re= '\s*(' . join('|', qw(
REQUIRE BOOT CASE PREINIT INPUT INIT CODE PPCODE OUTPUT
CLEANUP ALIAS PROTOTYPES PROTOTYPE VERSIONCHECK INCLUDE
+ SCOPE
)) . "|$END)\\s*:";
# Input: ($_, @line) == unparsed input.
sub print_section {
+ my $count = 0;
$_ = shift(@line) while !/\S/ && @line;
for (; defined($_) && !/^$BLOCK_re/o; $_ = shift(@line)) {
+ print line_directive() unless ($count++);
print "$_\n";
}
}
&{"${kwd}_handler"}()
while $kwd = check_keyword($pattern) ;
+ print line_directive();
}
sub CASE_handler {
unless defined($args_match{$outarg});
blurt("Error: No input definition for OUTPUT argument '$outarg' - ignored"), next
unless defined $var_types{$outarg} ;
+ print line_directive();
if ($outcode) {
print "\t$outcode\n";
} else {
# check for duplicate alias name & duplicate value
Warn("Warning: Ignoring duplicate alias '$orig_alias'")
- if defined $XsubAliases{$pname}{$alias} ;
+ if defined $XsubAliases{$alias} ;
- Warn("Warning: Aliases '$orig_alias' and '$XsubAliasValues{$pname}{$value}' have identical values")
- if $XsubAliasValues{$pname}{$value} ;
+ Warn("Warning: Aliases '$orig_alias' and '$XsubAliasValues{$value}' have identical values")
+ if $XsubAliasValues{$value} ;
- $XsubAliases{$pname}{$alias} = $value ;
- $XsubAliasValues{$pname}{$value} = $orig_alias ;
+ $XsubAliases = 1;
+ $XsubAliases{$alias} = $value ;
+ $XsubAliasValues{$value} = $orig_alias ;
}
blurt("Error: Cannot parse ALIAS definitions from '$orig'")
sub PROTOTYPE_handler ()
{
+ my $specified ;
+
+ death("Error: Only 1 PROTOTYPE definition allowed per xsub")
+ if $proto_in_this_xsub ++ ;
+
for (; !/^$BLOCK_re/o; $_ = shift(@line)) {
next unless /\S/;
+ $specified = 1 ;
TrimWhitespace($_) ;
if ($_ eq 'DISABLE') {
$ProtoThisXSUB = 0
$ProtoThisXSUB = C_string($_) ;
}
}
+
+ # If no prototype specified, then assume empty prototype ""
+ $ProtoThisXSUB = 2 unless $specified ;
+
$ProtoUsed = 1 ;
+
+}
+
+sub SCOPE_handler ()
+{
+ death("Error: Only 1 SCOPE declaration allowed per xsub")
+ if $scope_in_this_xsub ++ ;
+
+ for (; !/^$BLOCK_re/o; $_ = shift(@line)) {
+ next unless /\S/;
+ TrimWhitespace($_) ;
+ if ($_ =~ /^DISABLE/i) {
+ $ScopeThisXSUB = 0
+ }
+ elsif ($_ =~ /^ENABLE/i) {
+ $ScopeThisXSUB = 1
+ }
+ }
+
}
sub PROTOTYPES_handler ()
TrimWhitespace($_) ;
- # If the filename is enclosed in quotes, remove them.
- s/^'([^']*)'$/$1/ or s/^"([^"]*)"$/$1/ ;
-
death("INCLUDE: filename missing")
unless $_ ;
++ $IncludedFiles{$_} unless /\|\s*$/ ;
# Save the current file context.
- push(@FileStack, {
+ push(@XSStack, {
+ type => 'file',
LastLine => $lastline,
LastLineNo => $lastline_no,
Line => \@line,
LineNo => \@line_no,
Filename => $filename,
- Handle => $FH_string,
+ Handle => $FH,
}) ;
- ++ $FH_string ;
+ ++ $FH ;
# open the new file
- open ($FH_string, "$_") or death("Cannot open '$_': $!") ;
+ open ($FH, "$_") or death("Cannot open '$_': $!") ;
print Q<<"EOF" ;
#
#
EOF
- *FH = $FH_string ;
$filename = $_ ;
- # Prime the pump by reading the first line
- $lastline = <FH> ;
+ # Prime the pump by reading the first
+ # non-blank line
+
+ # skip leading blank lines
+ while (<$FH>) {
+ last unless /^\s*$/ ;
+ }
+
+ $lastline = $_ ;
$lastline_no = $. ;
}
sub PopFile()
{
- return 0 unless @FileStack ;
-
- my $data = pop @FileStack ;
+ return 0 unless $XSStack[-1]{type} eq 'file' ;
+
+ my $data = pop @XSStack ;
my $ThisFile = $filename ;
my $isPipe = ($filename =~ /\|\s*$/) ;
-- $IncludedFiles{$filename}
unless $isPipe ;
- close FH ;
+ close $FH ;
- *FH = $data->{Handle} ;
+ $FH = $data->{Handle} ;
$filename = $data->{Filename} ;
$lastline = $data->{LastLine} ;
$lastline_no = $data->{LastLineNo} ;
@line = @{ $data->{Line} } ;
@line_no = @{ $data->{LineNo} } ;
-
+
if ($isPipe and $? ) {
-- $lastline_no ;
print STDERR "Error reading from pipe '$ThisFile': $! in $filename, line $lastline_no\n" ;
{
my ($type) = @_ ;
- $proto_letter{$type} or '$' ;
+ $proto_letter{$type} or "\$" ;
}
sub check_cpp {
$cpplevel++;
} elsif (!$cpplevel) {
Warn("Warning: #else/elif/endif without #if in this function");
+ print STDERR " (precede it with a blank line if the matching #if is outside the function)\n"
+ if $XSStack[-1]{type} eq 'if';
return;
} elsif ($cpp =~ /^\#\s*endif/) {
$cpplevel--;
$text;
}
-open(FH, $filename) or die "cannot open $filename: $!\n";
+open($FH, $filename) or die "cannot open $filename: $!\n";
# Identify the version of xsubpp used
print <<EOM ;
/*
* This file was generated automatically by xsubpp version $XSUBPP_version from the
- * contents of $filename. Don't edit this file, edit $filename instead.
+ * contents of $filename. Do not edit this file, edit $filename instead.
*
* ANY CHANGES MADE HERE WILL BE LOST!
*
*/
EOM
-
+print "#line 1 \"$filename\"\n";
-while (<FH>) {
+while (<$FH>) {
last if ($Module, $Package, $Prefix) =
/^MODULE\s*=\s*([\w:]+)(?:\s+PACKAGE\s*=\s*([\w:]+))?(?:\s+PREFIX\s*=\s*(\S+))?\s*$/;
print $_;
$lastline = $_;
$lastline_no = $.;
-
-# Read next xsub into @line from ($lastline, <FH>).
+# Read next xsub into @line from ($lastline, <$FH>).
sub fetch_para {
# parse paragraph
+ death ("Error: Unterminated `#if/#ifdef/#ifndef'")
+ if !defined $lastline && $XSStack[-1]{type} eq 'if';
@line = ();
@line_no = () ;
- if (! defined $lastline) {
- return 1 if PopFile() ;
- return 0 ;
- }
+ return PopFile() if !defined $lastline;
if ($lastline =~
/^MODULE\s*=\s*([\w:]+)(?:\s+PACKAGE\s*=\s*([\w:]+))?(?:\s+PREFIX\s*=\s*(\S+))?\s*$/) {
$Module = $1;
$Package = defined($2) ? $2 : ''; # keep -w happy
$Prefix = defined($3) ? $3 : ''; # keep -w happy
+ $Prefix = quotemeta $Prefix ;
($Module_cname = $Module) =~ s/\W/_/g;
($Packid = $Package) =~ tr/:/_/;
$Packprefix = $Package;
for(;;) {
if ($lastline !~ /^\s*#/ ||
- $lastline =~ /^#[ \t]*(?:(?:if|ifn?def|else|elif|endif|define|undef|pragma)\b|include\s*["<].*[>"])/) {
+ # CPP directives:
+ # ANSI: if ifdef ifndef elif else endif define undef
+ # line error pragma
+ # gcc: warning include_next
+ # obj-c: import
+ # others: ident (gcc notes that some cpps have this one)
+ $lastline =~ /^#[ \t]*(?:(?:if|ifn?def|elif|else|endif|define|undef|pragma|error|warning|line\s+\d+|ident)\b|(?:include(?:_next)?|import)\s*["<].*[>"])/) {
last if $lastline =~ /^\S/ && @line && $line[-1] eq "";
push(@line, $lastline);
push(@line_no, $lastline_no) ;
}
# Read next line and continuation lines
- last unless defined($lastline = <FH>);
+ last unless defined($lastline = <$FH>);
$lastline_no = $.;
my $tmp_line;
$lastline .= $tmp_line
- while ($lastline =~ /\\$/ && defined($tmp_line = <FH>));
+ while ($lastline =~ /\\$/ && defined($tmp_line = <$FH>));
chomp $lastline;
$lastline =~ s/^\s+$//;
PARAGRAPH:
while (fetch_para()) {
# Print initial preprocessor statements and blank lines
- print shift(@line), "\n"
- while @line && $line[0] !~ /^[^\#]/;
+ while (@line && $line[0] !~ /^[^\#]/) {
+ my $line = shift(@line);
+ print $line, "\n";
+ next unless $line =~ /^\#\s*((if)(?:n?def)?|elsif|else|endif)\b/;
+ my $statement = $+;
+ if ($statement eq 'if') {
+ $XSS_work_idx = @XSStack;
+ push(@XSStack, {type => 'if'});
+ } else {
+ death ("Error: `$statement' with no matching `if'")
+ if $XSStack[-1]{type} ne 'if';
+ if ($XSStack[-1]{varname}) {
+ push(@InitFileCode, "#endif\n");
+ push(@BootCode, "#endif");
+ }
+
+ my(@fns) = keys %{$XSStack[-1]{functions}};
+ if ($statement ne 'endif') {
+ # Hide the functions defined in other #if branches, and reset.
+ @{$XSStack[-1]{other_functions}}{@fns} = (1) x @fns;
+ @{$XSStack[-1]}{qw(varname functions)} = ('', {});
+ } else {
+ my($tmp) = pop(@XSStack);
+ 0 while (--$XSS_work_idx
+ && $XSStack[$XSS_work_idx]{type} ne 'if');
+ # Keep all new defined functions
+ push(@fns, keys %{$tmp->{other_functions}});
+ @{$XSStack[$XSS_work_idx]{functions}}{@fns} = (1) x @fns;
+ }
+ }
+ }
next PARAGRAPH unless @line;
- death ("Code is not inside a function")
+ if ($XSS_work_idx && !$XSStack[$XSS_work_idx]{varname}) {
+ # We are inside an #if, but have not yet #defined its xsubpp variable.
+ print "#define $cpp_next_tmp 1\n\n";
+ push(@InitFileCode, "#if $cpp_next_tmp\n");
+ push(@BootCode, "#if $cpp_next_tmp");
+ $XSStack[$XSS_work_idx]{varname} = $cpp_next_tmp++;
+ }
+
+ death ("Code is not inside a function"
+ ." (maybe last function was ended by a blank line "
+ ." followed by a a statement on column one?)")
if $line[0] =~ /^\s/;
# initialize info arrays
undef($wantRETVAL) ;
undef(%arg_list) ;
undef(@proto_arg) ;
+ undef($proto_in_this_xsub) ;
+ undef($scope_in_this_xsub) ;
$ProtoThisXSUB = $WantPrototypes ;
+ $ScopeThisXSUB = 0;
$_ = shift(@line);
while ($kwd = check_keyword("REQUIRE|PROTOTYPES|VERSIONCHECK|INCLUDE")) {
if (check_keyword("BOOT")) {
&check_cpp;
- push (@BootCode, $_, @line, "") ;
+ push (@BootCode, $_, line_directive(), @line, "") ;
next PARAGRAPH ;
}
($class, $func_name, $orig_args) = ($1, $2, $3) ;
($pname = $func_name) =~ s/^($Prefix)?/$Packprefix/;
+ ($clean_func_name = $func_name) =~ s/^$Prefix//;
+ $Full_func_name = "${Packid}_$clean_func_name";
+ if ($Is_VMS) { $Full_func_name = $SymSet->addsym($Full_func_name); }
# Check for duplicate function definition
- if (defined $Func_name{"${Packid}_$func_name"} ) {
- Warn("Warning: duplicate function definition '$func_name' detected")
+ for $tmp (@XSStack) {
+ next unless defined $tmp->{functions}{$Full_func_name};
+ Warn("Warning: duplicate function definition '$clean_func_name' detected");
+ last;
}
- else {
- push(@Func_name, "${Packid}_$func_name");
- push(@Func_pname, $pname);
- }
- $Func_name{"${Packid}_$func_name"} ++ ;
+ $XSStack[$XSS_work_idx]{functions}{$Full_func_name} ++ ;
+ %XsubAliases = %XsubAliasValues = ();
@args = split(/\s*,\s*/, $orig_args);
if (defined($class)) {
$defaults{$args[$i]} = $2;
$defaults{$args[$i]} =~ s/"/\\"/g;
}
- $proto_arg[$i+1] = '$' ;
+ $proto_arg[$i+1] = "\$" ;
}
if (defined($class)) {
$func_args = join(", ", @args[1..$#args]);
@args_match{@args} = 1..@args;
$PPCODE = grep(/^\s*PPCODE\s*:/, @line);
+ $CODE = grep(/^\s*CODE\s*:/, @line);
+ # Detect CODE: blocks which use ST(n)= or XST_m*(n,v)
+ # to set explicit return values.
+ $EXPLICIT_RETURN = ($CODE &&
+ ("@line" =~ /(\bST\s*\([^;]*=) | (\bXST_m\w+\s*\()/x ));
$ALIAS = grep(/^\s*ALIAS\s*:/, @line);
# print function header
print Q<<"EOF";
-#XS(XS_${Packid}_$func_name)
+#XS(XS_${Full_func_name})
#[[
# dXSARGS;
EOF
$gotRETVAL = 0;
INPUT_handler() ;
- process_keyword("INPUT|PREINIT|ALIAS|PROTOTYPE") ;
+ process_keyword("INPUT|PREINIT|ALIAS|PROTOTYPE|SCOPE") ;
+ print Q<<"EOF" if $ScopeThisXSUB;
+# ENTER;
+# [[
+EOF
+
if (!$thisdone && defined($class)) {
if (defined($static) or $func_name =~ /^new/) {
print "\tchar *";
$args_match{"RETVAL"} = 0;
$var_types{"RETVAL"} = $ret_type;
}
+
print $deferred;
- process_keyword("INIT|ALIAS|PROTOTYPE") ;
+
+ process_keyword("INIT|ALIAS|PROTOTYPE") ;
if (check_keyword("PPCODE")) {
print_section();
death ("PPCODE must be last thing") if @line;
+ print "\tLEAVE;\n" if $ScopeThisXSUB;
print "\tPUTBACK;\n\treturn;\n";
} elsif (check_keyword("CODE")) {
print_section() ;
} elsif ($gotRETVAL || $wantRETVAL) {
&generate_output($ret_type, 0, 'RETVAL');
}
+ print line_directive();
# do cleanup
process_keyword("CLEANUP|ALIAS|PROTOTYPE") ;
+ print Q<<"EOF" if $ScopeThisXSUB;
+# ]]
+EOF
+ print Q<<"EOF" if $ScopeThisXSUB and not $PPCODE;
+# LEAVE;
+EOF
+
# print function trailer
print Q<<EOF;
# ]]
# croak(errbuf);
EOF
- print Q<<EOF unless $PPCODE;
+ if ($ret_type ne "void" or $EXPLICIT_RETURN) {
+ print Q<<EOF unless $PPCODE;
# XSRETURN(1);
EOF
+ } else {
+ print Q<<EOF unless $PPCODE;
+# XSRETURN_EMPTY;
+EOF
+ }
print Q<<EOF;
#]]
#
EOF
+ my $newXS = "newXS" ;
+ my $proto = "" ;
+
# Build the prototype string for the xsub
if ($ProtoThisXSUB) {
- if ($ProtoThisXSUB != 1) {
- $ProtoXSUB{$pname} = '"' . $ProtoThisXSUB . '"'
+ $newXS = "newXSproto";
+
+ if ($ProtoThisXSUB == 2) {
+ # User has specified empty prototype
+ $proto = ', ""' ;
+ }
+ elsif ($ProtoThisXSUB != 1) {
+ # User has specified a prototype
+ $proto = ', "' . $ProtoThisXSUB . '"';
}
else {
my $s = ';';
$s = '';
$proto_arg[$min_args] .= ";" ;
}
- push @proto_arg, "${s}@"
+ push @proto_arg, "$s\@"
if $elipsis ;
- $ProtoXSUB{$pname} = '"' . join ("", @proto_arg) . '"'
+ $proto = ', "' . join ("", @proto_arg) . '"';
}
}
+ if (%XsubAliases) {
+ $XsubAliases{$pname} = 0
+ unless defined $XsubAliases{$pname} ;
+ while ( ($name, $value) = each %XsubAliases) {
+ push(@InitFileCode, Q<<"EOF");
+# cv = newXS(\"$name\", XS_$Full_func_name, file);
+# XSANY.any_i32 = $value ;
+EOF
+ push(@InitFileCode, Q<<"EOF") if $proto;
+# sv_setpv((SV*)cv$proto) ;
+EOF
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ push(@InitFileCode,
+ " ${newXS}(\"$pname\", XS_$Full_func_name, file$proto);\n");
+ }
}
# print initialization routine
#
EOF
-print Q<<"EOF" if defined %XsubAliases ;
+print Q<<"EOF" if defined $XsubAliases ;
# {
# CV * cv ;
#
EOF
-for (@Func_name) {
- $pname = shift(@Func_pname);
- my $newXS = "newXS" ;
- my $proto = "" ;
+print @InitFileCode;
- if ($ProtoXSUB{$pname}) {
- $newXS = "newXSproto" ;
- $proto = ", $ProtoXSUB{$pname}" ;
- }
-
- if ($XsubAliases{$pname}) {
- $XsubAliases{$pname}{$pname} = 0
- unless defined $XsubAliases{$pname}{$pname} ;
- while ( ($name, $value) = each %{$XsubAliases{$pname}}) {
- print Q<<"EOF" ;
-# cv = newXS(\"$name\", XS_$_, file);
-# XSANY.any_i32 = $value ;
-EOF
- print Q<<"EOF" if $proto ;
-# sv_setpv(cv, $ProtoXSUB{$pname}) ;
-EOF
- }
- }
- else {
- print " ${newXS}(\"$pname\", XS_$_, file$proto);\n";
- }
-}
-
-print Q<<"EOF" if defined %XsubAliases ;
+print Q<<"EOF" if defined $XsubAliases ;
# }
EOF
eval qq/print " $init\\\n"/;
}
+sub line_directive
+{
+ # work out the line number
+ my $line_no = $line_no[@line_no - @line -1] ;
+
+ return "#line $line_no \"$filename\"\n" ;
+
+}
+
sub Warn
{
# work out the line number
$subexpr =~ s/ntype/subtype/g;
$subexpr =~ s/\$arg/ST(ix_$var)/g;
$subexpr =~ s/\n\t/\n\t\t/g;
- $subexpr =~ s/is not of (.*")/[arg %d] is not of $1, ix_$var + 1/g;
+ $subexpr =~ s/is not of (.*\")/[arg %d] is not of $1, ix_$var + 1/g;
$subexpr =~ s/\$var/${var}[ix_$var - $argoff]/;
$expr =~ s/DO_ARRAY_ELEM/$subexpr/;
}
+ if ($expr =~ m#/\*.*scope.*\*/#i) { # "scope" in C comments
+ $ScopeThisXSUB = 1;
+ }
if (defined($defaults{$var})) {
$expr =~ s/(\t+)/$1 /g;
$expr =~ s/ /\t/g;
eval qq/print "\\t$var;\\n"/;
$deferred .= eval qq/"\\n\\tif (items < $num)\\n\\t $var = $defaults{$var};\\n\\telse {\\n$expr;\\n\\t}\\n"/;
- } elsif ($expr !~ /^\t\$var =/) {
+ } elsif ($ScopeThisXSUB or $expr !~ /^\t\$var =/) {
eval qq/print "\\t$var;\\n"/;
$deferred .= eval qq/"\\n$expr;\\n"/;
} else {
eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
}
elsif ($var eq 'RETVAL') {
- if ($expr =~ /^\t\$arg = /) {
+ if ($expr =~ /^\t\$arg = new/) {
+ # We expect that $arg has refcnt 1, so we need to
+ # mortalize it.
eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
print "\tsv_2mortal(ST(0));\n";
}
+ elsif ($expr =~ /^\s*\$arg\s*=/) {
+ # We expect that $arg has refcnt >=1, so we need
+ # to mortalize it. However, the extension may have
+ # returned the built-in perl value, which is
+ # read-only, thus not mortalizable. However, it is
+ # safe to leave it as it is, since it would be
+ # ignored by REFCNT_dec. Builtin values have REFCNT==0.
+ eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
+ print "\tif (SvREFCNT(ST(0))) sv_2mortal(ST(0));\n";
+ }
else {
+ # Just hope that the entry would safely write it
+ # over an already mortalized value. By
+ # coincidence, something like $arg = &sv_undef
+ # works too.
print "\tST(0) = sv_newmortal();\n";
eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
}
# If this is VMS, the exit status has meaning to the shell, so we
# use a predictable value (SS$_Normal or SS$_Abort) rather than an
# arbitrary number.
- exit ($Is_VMS ? ($errors ? 44 : 1) : $errors) ;
+# exit ($Is_VMS ? ($errors ? 44 : 1) : $errors) ;
+ exit ($errors ? 1 : 0);
}