=item *
-The name used by the perl community. That includes 'utf8' and 'ascii'.
-Unlike aliases, canonical names directly reaches the method so such
-frequently used words like 'utf8' should do without alias lookups.
+The name used by the Perl community. That includes 'utf8' and 'ascii'.
+Unlike aliases, canonical names directly reach the method so such
+frequently used words like 'utf8' don't need to do alias lookups.
=item *
=item *
The name in the IANA registry.
-
+
=item *
The name used by the organization that defined it.
the canonical name.
Because of all the alias issues, and because in the general case
-encodings have state, "Encode" uses the encoding object internally
+encodings have state, "Encode" uses an encoding object internally
once an operation is in progress.
=head1 Supported Encodings
As of Perl 5.8.0, at least the following encodings are recognized.
Note that unless otherwise specified, they are all case insensitive
-(via alias) and all occurrance of spaces are replaced with '-'. In
-other words, "ISO 8859 1" and "iso-8859-1" are identical.
+(via alias) and all occurrence of spaces are replaced with '-'.
+In other words, "ISO 8859 1" and "iso-8859-1" are identical.
Encodings are categorized and implemented in several different modules
but you don't have to C<use Encode::XX> to make them available for
-most cases. Encode.pm will automatically load those modules in need.
+most cases. Encode.pm will automatically load those modules on demand.
=head2 Built-in Encodings
The following encodings are always available.
- Canonical Aliases Comments & References
+ Canonical Aliases Comments & References
----------------------------------------------------------------
- ascii US-ascii [ECMA]
- iso-8859-1 latin1 [ISO]
- utf8 UTF-8 [RFC2279]
- UCS-2 ucs2, iso-10646-1, UTF-16LE [IANA, UC]
- UTF-16LE UCS-2LE [UC]
+ ascii US-ascii [ECMA]
+ iso-8859-1 latin1 [ISO]
+ utf8 UTF-8 [RFC2279]
----------------------------------------------------------------
+=head2 Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
+
+Unicode coding schemes other than native utf8 are supported by
+Encode::Unicode which will be autoloaded on demand.
+
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------
+ UCS-2BE UCS-2, iso-10646-1 [IANA, UC]
+ UCS-2LE [UC]
+ UTF-16 [UC]
+ UTF-16BE [UC]
+ UTF-16LE [UC]
+ UTF-32 [UC]
+ UTF-32BE [UC]
+ UTF-32LE [UC]
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+To find how those (UCS-2|UTF-(16|32))(LE|BE)? differ to one another,
+see L<Encode::Unicode>.
+
=head2 Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
Encode::Byte implements most of single-byte encodings except for
=item ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings
-Since there are so many, They are presented in table format with
-Languages and corresponding encoding names by vendors. Note the table
+Since there are so many, they are presented in table format with
+languages and corresponding encoding names by vendors. Note the table
is sorted in order of ISO-8859 and the corresponding vendor mappings
are slightly different from that of ISO. See
L<http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html> for details.
- Lang/Regions ISO/Other Std. DOS Windows Macintosh Others
+ Lang/Regions ISO/Other Std. DOS Windows Macintosh Others
----------------------------------------------------------------
- N. America (ASCII) cp437 AdobeStandardEncoding
- cp863 (DOSCanadaF)
- W. Europe (iso-8859-1) cp850 cp1252 MacRoman nextstep
- hp-roman8
- cp860 (DOSPortuguese)
- CE. Europe iso-8859-2 cp852 cp1250 MacCentralEurRoman
- MacCroatian
- MacRomanian
- MacRumanian
- Latin3(*3) iso-8859-3
- Latin4(*4) iso-8859-4
- Cyrillics iso-8859-5 cp855 cp1251 MacCyrillic
- (Also see next section) cp866 MacUkrainian
- Arabic iso-8859-6 cp864 cp1256 MacArabic
- cp1006 MacFarsi
- Greek iso-8859-7 cp737 cp1253 MacGreek
- cp869 (DOSGreek2)
- Hebrew iso-8859-8 cp862 cp1255 MacHebrew
- Turkish iso-8859-9 cp857 cp1254 MacTurkish
- Nordics iso-8859-10 cp865
- cp861 MacIcelandic
- MacSami
- Thai iso-8859-11 cp874 MacThai
+ N. America (ASCII) cp437 AdobeStandardEncoding
+ cp863 (DOSCanadaF)
+ W. Europe iso-8859-1 cp850 cp1252 MacRoman nextstep
+ hp-roman8
+ cp860 (DOSPortuguese)
+ Cntrl. Europe iso-8859-2 cp852 cp1250 MacCentralEurRoman
+ MacCroatian
+ MacRomanian
+ MacRumanian
+ Latin3 [1] iso-8859-3
+ Latin4 [2] iso-8859-4
+ Cyrillics iso-8859-5 cp855 cp1251 MacCyrillic
+ (Also see next section) cp866 MacUkrainian
+ Arabic iso-8859-6 cp864 cp1256 MacArabic
+ cp1006 MacFarsi
+ Greek iso-8859-7 cp737 cp1253 MacGreek
+ cp869 (DOSGreek2)
+ Hebrew iso-8859-8 cp862 cp1255 MacHebrew
+ Turkish iso-8859-9 cp857 cp1254 MacTurkish
+ Nordics iso-8859-10 cp865
+ cp861 MacIcelandic
+ MacSami
+ Thai iso-8859-11 [3] cp874 MacThai
(iso-8859-12 is nonexistent. Reserved for Indics?)
- Baltics iso-8859-13 cp775 cp1257
+ Baltics iso-8859-13 cp775 cp1257
Celtics iso-8859-14
- Latin9(*15) iso-8859-15
+ Latin9 [4] iso-8859-15
Latin10 iso-8859-16
- Vietnamese viscii cp1258 MacVietnamese
+ Vietnamese viscii cp1258 MacVietnamese
----------------------------------------------------------------
- (*3) Esperanto, Maltese, and Turkish. Turkish is now on 8859-5
- (*4) Baltics. Now on 8859-10
- (*9) Nicknamed Latin0; Euro sign as well as French and Finnish
- letters that are missing from 8859-1 are added.
+ [1] Esperanto, Maltese, and Turkish. Turkish is now on 8859-5.
+ [2] Baltics. Now on 8859-10.
+ [3] Also know as TIS 620.
+ [4] Nicknamed Latin0; Euro sign as well as French and Finnish
+ letters that are missing from 8859-1 are added.
All cp* are also available as ibm-*, ms-*, and windows-* . See also
L<http://czyborra.com/charsets/codepages.html>.
=item KOI8 - De Facto Standard for Cyrillic world
Though ISO-8859 does have ISO-8859, KOI8 series is far more popular
-in the Net. L<Encode> comes with the following KOI charsets. for
-gory details, See <http://czyborra.com/charsets/cyrillic.html> for
-details.
+in the Net. L<Encode> comes with the following KOI charsets.
+For gory details, see L<http://czyborra.com/charsets/cyrillic.html>
----------------------------------------------------------------
- koi8-f
- koi8-r cp878 [RFC1489]
- koi8-u [RFC2319]
-
+ koi8-f
+ koi8-r cp878 [RFC1489]
+ koi8-u [RFC2319]
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
=item gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
-GSM0338 is for GSM handsets. Though it shares alpanumerals with ASCII,
-control character ranges and other parts are mapped very differently,
-presumablly to store Cyrillics. This one is also covered in
-Encode::Byte even thought this one does not comply extended ASCII.
+GSM0338 is for GSM handsets. Though it shares alphanumerals with
+ASCII, control character ranges and other parts are mapped very
+differently, presumably to store Greek and Cyrillic alphabets.
+This is also covered in Encode::Byte even though it does not
+comply to extended ASCII.
=back
=head2 The CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
-Note Vietnamese is listed above. Also read "Encoding vs Charset"
+Note that Vietnamese is listed above. Also read "Encoding vs Charset"
below. Also note these are implemented in distinct module by
-languages, due the the size concerns. Please also refer to their
+languages, due the the size concerns. Please refer to their
respective document pages.
=over 4
=item Encode::CN -- Continental China
- Standard DOS/Win Macintosh Comment
+ Standard DOS/Win Macintosh Comment/Reference
----------------------------------------------------------------
- euc-cn MacChineseSimp GB2312 is aliased to this
- (gbk) cp936 GBK is aliased to to this
- gb12345-raw GB12345 as is
- gb2312-raw GB2312 as is
+ euc-cn [1] MacChineseSimp
+ (gbk) cp936 [2]
+ gb12345-raw { GB12345 without CES }
+ gb2312-raw { GB2312 without CES }
hz
iso-ir-165
----------------------------------------------------------------
+ [1] GB2312 is aliased to this. see L<Microsoft-related naming mess>
+ [2] gbk is aliased to this. see L<Microsoft-related naming mess>
+
=item Encode::JP -- Japan
- Standard DOS/Win Macintosh Comment/Reference
+ Standard DOS/Win Macintosh Comment/Reference
----------------------------------------------------------------
euc-jp
- shiftjis cp932 macJapanese
- 7bit-jis jis
- euc-jp ujis
- iso-2022-jp [RFC1468]
- iso-2022-jp-1 [RFC2237]
+ shiftjis cp932 macJapanese
+ 7bit-jis
+ euc-jp
+ iso-2022-jp [RFC1468]
+ iso-2022-jp-1 [RFC2237]
+ jis0201-raw { JIS X 0201 (roman + halfwidth kana) without CES }
+ jis0208-raw { JIS X 0208 (Kanji + fullwidth kana) without CES }
+ jis0212-raw { JIS X 0212 (Extended Kanji) without CES }
----------------------------------------------------------------
=item Encode::KR -- Korea
+ Standard DOS/Win Macintosh Comment/Reference
----------------------------------------------------------------
- euc-kr MacKorean [RFC1557]
- cp949 ks_c_5601-1987 is an alias
- thereof.
- iso-2022-kr [RFC1557]
+ euc-kr MacKorean [RFC1557]
+ cp949 [1]
+ iso-2022-kr [RFC1557]
johab [KS X 1001:1998, Annex 3]
- ksc5601-raw KSC5601 as is
+ ksc5601-raw { KSC5601 without CES }
----------------------------------------------------------------
+ [1] ks_c_5601-1987, (x-)?windows-949, and uhc are aliased to this.
+ See below.
+
=item Encode::TW -- Taiwan
+ Standard DOS/Win Macintosh Comment/Reference
----------------------------------------------------------------
- big5 cp950 MacChineseTrad
- big5-hkscs
+ big5-eten cp950 MacChineseTrad {big5 aliased to big5-eten}
+ big5-hkscs
----------------------------------------------------------------
=item Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN
Due to size concerns, additional Chinese encodings below are
distributed separately on CPAN, under the name Encode::HanExtra.
+ Standard DOS/Win Macintosh Comment/Reference
----------------------------------------------------------------
gb18030
euc-tw
=head1 Unsupported encodings
The following are not supported as yet. Some because they are rarely
-usede, some because of technical difficulty. They may be supported by
+used, some because of technical difficulties. They may be supported by
external modules via CPAN in future, however.
=over 4
Not very popular yet. Needs Unicode Database or equivalent to
implement encode() (Because it includes JIS X 0208/0212, KSC5601, and
-GB2312 sumulteniously, which code points in unicode overlap. So you
+GB2312 simultaneously, which code points in Unicode overlap. So you
need to lookup the database to determine what character set a given
Unicode character should belong).
-=item ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922]
+=item ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922]
Not very popular. Needs CNS 11643-1 and 2 which are not available in
-this module. CNS 11643 is supported (via euc-tw) in
-Encode::HanExtra. Autrijus may add support for this encoding in his
-module in future
+this module. CNS 11643 is supported (via euc-tw) in Encode::HanExtra.
+Autrijus may add support for this encoding in his module in future.
=item various UP-UX encodings
-The following are unsoported due to the lack of mapping data.
-
+The following are unsupported due to the lack of mapping data.
+
'8' - arabic8, greek8, hebrew8, kana8, thai8, and turkish8
- '15' - japanese15, korean15, and roi15
+ '15' - japanese15, korean15, and roi15
=item Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111
None of the Encode team knows Hebrew enough (ISO-8859-8, cp1255 and
MacHebrew are supported because and just because there were mappings
-available at L<http://www.unicode.org/>). Contribution welcome.
+available at L<http://www.unicode.org/>). Contributions welcome.
+
+=item ISIRI 3342, Iran System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi]
+
+Ditto.
=item Thai encoding TCVN
=item Vietnamese encodings VPS
-Though Jungshik has reported that mozilla supports this encoding, It was too late for us to add one. In future via a separate module. See
-L<http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/ucvlatin/vps.uf> and
+Though Jungshik has reported that Mozilla supports this encoding it
+was too late before 5.8.0 for us to add one. In future via a separate
+module. See
+L<http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/ucvlatin/vps.uf>
+and
L<http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/ucvlatin/vps.ut>
if you are interested in helping us.
-=item various Mac encodings
+=item Various Mac encodings
-The following are unsoported due to the lack of mapping data.
+The following are unsupported due to the lack of mapping data.
MacArmenian, MacBengali, MacBurmese, MacEthiopic
MacExtArabic, MacGeorgian, MacKannada, MacKhmer
MacSinhalese, MacTamil, MacTelugu, MacTibetan
MacVietnamese
-The rest of which already available are based upon the vendor mappings at
-L<http://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/> .
+The rest of which already available are based upon the vendor mappings
+at L<http://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/> .
=item (Mac) Indic encodings
The maps for the following is available at L<http://www.unicode.org/>
-but remains unsupport because those encordigs need algorithmical
-approach, unsupported by F<enc2xs>
+but remains unsupport because those encodings need algorithmical
+approach, currently unsupported by F<enc2xs>
MacDevanagari
MacGurmukhi
L<http://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/DEVANAGA.TXT> .
I believe this issue is prevalent not only for Mac Indics but also in
-other Indic encodings but those mentions were the only Indic encodings
+other Indic encodings, but the above were the only Indic encodings
maps that I could find at L<http://www.unicode.org/> .
=back
We are used to using the term (character) I<encoding> and I<character set>
interchangeably. But just as using the term byte and character is
-dangerous and should be differenciated when needed, we need to
-differenciate I<encoding> and I<character set>.
+dangerous and should be differentiated when needed, we need to
+differentiate I<encoding> and I<character set>.
-To understand that, it's follow how we make computers grok our character.
+To understand that, it's follow how we make computers grok our characters.
=over 4
=item *
Then we have to give each character a unique ID so your computer can
-tell the differnce from 'a' to 'A'. This itemized character
-repartoire is now a I<character set>.
+tell the difference from 'a' to 'A'. This itemized character
+repertoire is now a I<character set>.
=item *
If your computer can grow the character set without further
-proccessing, you can go ahead use it. This is called a I<coded
+processing, you can go ahead use it. This is called a I<coded
character set> (CCS) or I<raw character encoding>. ASCII is used this
way for most cases.
By carefully looking at at the encoded byte sequence, you may find the
byte sequence conforms a unique number. In that sense EUC is a CCS
generated by a CES above from up to four CCS (complicated?). UTF-8
-falls into this category. See L<perlunicode/"UTF-8"> to find how
+falls into this category. See L<perlUnicode/"UTF-8"> to find how
UTF-8 maps Unicode to a byte sequence.
You may also find by now why 7bit ISO-2022 cannot conform a CCS. If
=item *
-To (en|de) code Encodings marked as C<(*)>, You need
+To (en|de) code Encodings marked as C<(**)>, You need
C<Encode::HanExtra>, available from CPAN.
=back
Encoding names
- US-ASCII UTF-8 ISO-8859-* KOI8-R
- Shift_JIS EUC-JP ISO-2022-JP ISO-2022-JP-1
- EUC-KR Big5 GB2312
+ US-ASCII UTF-8 ISO-8859-* KOI8-R
+ Shift_JIS EUC-JP ISO-2022-JP ISO-2022-JP-1
+ EUC-KR Big5 GB2312
are registered to IANA as preferred MIME names and may probably
be used over the Internet.
-C<Shift_JIS> has been officialized by JIS X 0208-1997.
+C<Shift_JIS> has been officialized by JIS X 0208:1997.
L<Microsoft-related naming mess> gives details.
C<GB2312> is the IANA name for C<EUC-CN>.
See L<Microsoft-related naming mess> for details.
C<GB_2312-80> I<raw> encoding is available as C<gb2312-raw>
-with Encode. See L<Encode::CN -- Continental China> for details.
+with Encode. See L<Encode::CN> for details.
EUC-CN
- KOI8-U (http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2319.html)
+ KOI8-U [RFC2319]
have not been registered with IANA (as of March 2002) but
seem to be supported by major web browsers.
See L<Microsoft-related naming mess> for details.
C<KS_C_5601-1987> I<raw> encoding is available as C<kcs5601-raw>
-with Encode. See L<Encode::KR -- Korea> for details.
+with Encode. See L<Encode::KR> for details.
+
+ UTF-16 UTF-16BE UTF-16LE
+
+are IANA-registered C<charset>s. See [RFC 2781] for details.
+Jungshik Shin reports that UTF-16 with a BOM is well accepted
+by MS IE 5/6 and NS 4/6. Beware however that
+
+=over 2
+
+=item *
+
+C<UTF-16> support in any software you're going to be
+using/interoperating with has probably been less tested
+then C<UTF-8> support
+
+=item *
+
+C<UTF-8> coded data seamlessly passes traditional
+command piping (C<cat>, C<more>, etc.) while C<UTF-16> coded
+data is likely to cause confusion (with it's zero bytes,
+for example)
- UTF-16
+=item *
+
+it is beyond the power of words to describe the way HTML browsers
+encode non-C<ASCII> form data. To get a general impression visit
+L<http://ppewww.ph.gla.ac.uk/~flavell/charset/form-i18n.html>.
+While encoding of form data has stabilized for C<UTF-8> coded pages
+(at least IE 5/6, NS 6, Opera 6 behave consistently), be sure to
+expect fun (and cross-browser discrepancies) with C<UTF-16> coded
+pages!
+
+=back
-=for comment
-waiting for comments from Jungshik Shin to soften this - Anton
+The rule of thumb is to use C<UTF-8> unless you know what
+you're doing and unless you really benefit from using C<UTF-16>.
-is a IANA-registered preferred MIME name
-but probably should be avoided as encoding for web pages due to
-the lack of browser support.
- ISO-IR-165 (http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1345.html)
- GBK
+ ISO-IR-165 [RFC1345]
VISCII
GB 12345
- GB 18030 (*) (see links bellow)
- EUC-TW (*)
+ GB 18030 (**) (see links bellow)
+ EUC-TW (**)
are totally valid encodings but not registered at IANA.
The names under which they are listed here are probably the
most widely-known names for these encodings and are recommended
names.
- BIG5PLUS (*)
+ BIG5PLUS (**)
is a bit proprietary name.
Microsoft extension to C<EUC-KR>.
-Proper name: C<CP949>.
+Proper names: C<CP949>, C<UHC>, C<x-windows-949> (as used by Mozilla).
-See
-http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-charsets/2001AprJun/0033.html
+See L<http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-charsets/2001AprJun/0033.html>
for details.
-Encode aliases C<KS_C_5601-1987> to C<cp949> to reflect
-this common misusage.
-I<Raw> C<KS_C_5601-1987> encoding is available as C<kcs5601-raw>.
+Encode aliases C<KS_C_5601-1987> to C<cp949> to reflect this common
+misusage. I<Raw> C<KS_C_5601-1987> encoding is available as
+C<kcs5601-raw>.
-See L<Encode::KR -- Korea> for details.
+See L<Encode::KR> for details.
=item GB2312
Encode aliases C<GB2312> to C<euc-cn> in full agreement with
IANA registration. C<cp936> is supported separately.
-I<Raw> C<GB_2312-80> encoding is available as C<kcs5601-raw>.
+I<Raw> C<GB_2312-80> encoding is available as C<gb2312-raw>.
-See L<Encode::CN -- Continental China> for details.
+See L<Encode::CN> for details.
=item Big5
JIS has not endorsed the full Microsoft standard however.
The official C<Shift_JIS> includes only JIS X 0201 and JIS X 0208
-subsets, while Microsoft has always been meaning C<Shift_JIS> to
-encode a wider character repertoire.
+character sets, while Microsoft has always been meaning C<Shift_JIS>
+to encode a wider character repertoire. See C<IANA> registration for
+C<Windows-31J>.
As a historical predecessor Microsoft's variant
probably has more rights for the name, albeit it may be objected
that Microsoft shouldn't have used JIS as part of the name
in the first place.
-Unabiguous name: C<CP932>.
+Unambiguous name: C<CP932>. C<IANA> name (not used?): C<Windows-31J>.
Encode separately supports C<Shift_JIS> and C<cp932>.
=item character repertoire
A collection of unique characters. A I<character> set in the most
-strict sense. At this stage characters are not numberd.
+strict sense. At this stage characters are not numbered.
=item coded character set (CCS)
belongs. 7-bit ISO-2022 is a CES but it cannot be a CCS. EUC is an
example of being both a CCS and CES.
+=item charset (in MIME context)
+
+has long been used in the meaning of C<encoding>, CES.
+
+While C<character set> word combination has lost this meaning
+in MIME context since [RFC 2130], C<charset> abbreviation has
+retained it. This is how [RFC 2277], [RFC 2278] bless C<charset>:
+
+
+ This document uses the term "charset" to mean a set of rules for
+ mapping from a sequence of octets to a sequence of characters, such
+ as the combination of a coded character set and a character encoding
+ scheme; this is also what is used as an identifier in MIME "charset="
+ parameters, and registered in the IANA charset registry ... (Note
+ that this is NOT a term used by other standards bodies, such as ISO).
+ [RFC 2277]
+
=item EUC
Extended Unix Character. See ISO-2022
=item ISO-2022
A CES that was carefully designed to coexist with ASCII. There are 7
-bit version and 8 bit version. 8 bit version can conform a CCS. EUC
-and ISO-8859 are two examples thereof.
+bit version and 8 bit version.
+
+7 bit version switches character set via escape sequence so this
+cannot form a CCS. Since this is more difficult to handle in programs
+than the 8 bit version, 7 bit version is not very popular except for
+iso-2022-jp, the de facto standard CES for e-mails.
+
+8 bit version can conform a CCS. EUC and ISO-8859 are two examples
+thereof. Pre-5.6 perl could use them as string literals.
=item UCS
=item Unicode
-A Character Set that aims to include all character character
-repertoire of the world. Many character sets in various national as
-well as industorial standards are therefore a subset thereof.
+A Character Set that aims to include all character repertoire of the
+world. Many character sets in various national as well as industrial
+standards have become, in a way, just subsets of Unicode.
=item UTF
-Short for I<Unicode Transformation Format>. Determinse how to map a
-unicode character into byte sequnece.
+Short for I<Unicode Transformation Format>. Determines how to map a
+Unicode character into byte sequence.
=item UTF-16
A UTF in 16-bit encoding. Can either be in big endian or little
-endian. Big endian version is called UTF-16BE and little endian
-version is UTF-16LE.
+endian. Big endian version is called UTF-16BE (equals to UCS-2 +
+Surrogate Support) and little endian version is UTF-16LE.
=back
L<http://www.ecma.ch/ecma1/STAND/ECMA-035.HTM>
-The very dspecification of ISO-2022 is available from the link above.
+The very specification of ISO-2022 is available from the link above.
=back
Most of the C<canonical names> in Encode derive from this list
so you can directly apply the string you have extracted from MIME
-header of mails and we pages.
+header of mails and web pages.
=back
=item RFC
-Request For Comment -- need I say more?
-L<http://www.rfc.net/>
+Request For Comments -- need I say more?
+L<http://www.rfc.net/>, L<http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/>
=item UC
L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/>
-The glossary of this document is based opon this site.
+The glossary of this document is based upon this site.
=back
=item czyborra.com
-<http://czyborra.com/>
+L<http://czyborra.com/>
Contains a a lot of useful information, especially gory details of ISO
vs. vendor mappings.
You will find brief info on C<EUC-CN>, C<GBK> and mostly on C<GB 18030>
+=item Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ
+
+L<http://jshin.net/faq>
+
+And especially it's subject 8.
+
+L<http://jshin.net/faq/qa8.html>
+
+A comprehensive overview of the Korean (C<KS *>) standards.
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Offline sources
+
+=over 2
+
+=item C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
+
+CJKV Information Processing
+1999 O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN : 1-56592-224-7
+
+The modern successor of the C<CJK.inf>.
+
+Features a comprehensive coverage on CJKV character sets and
+encodings along with many other issues faced by anyone trying
+to better support CJKV languages/scripts in all the areas of
+information processing.
+
+To purchase this book visit
+L<http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/cjkvinfo/>
+
=back
=cut
I could not find this page because the hostname doesn't resolve!
- Brief description for most of the mentioned CJK encodings
+Brief description for most of the mentioned CJK encodings
L<http://www.debian.org.ru/doc/manuals/intro-i18n/ch-codes.html>
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff