package Encode;
use strict;
-our $VERSION = do { my @r = (q$Revision: 0.90 $ =~ /\d+/g); sprintf "%d."."%02d" x $#r, @r };
+our $VERSION = do { my @r = (q$Revision: 0.95 $ =~ /\d+/g); sprintf "%d."."%02d" x $#r, @r };
require DynaLoader;
require Exporter;
use Carp;
+use Encode::Alias;
+
# Make a %encoding package variable to allow a certain amount of cheating
our %encoding;
-my @alias; # ordered matching list
-my %alias; # cached known aliases
-
- # 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-our @latin2iso_num = ( 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16 );
-
-our %winlatin2cp = (
- 'Latin1' => 1252,
- 'Latin2' => 1250,
- 'Cyrillic' => 1251,
- 'Greek' => 1253,
- 'Turkish' => 1254,
- 'Hebrew' => 1255,
- 'Arabic' => 1256,
- 'Baltic' => 1257,
- 'Vietnamese' => 1258,
- );
-
-our %external_tables =
+
+our %external_tables =
(
'euc-cn' => 'Encode/CN.pm',
gb2312 => 'Encode/CN.pm',
keys %encoding;
}
-sub findAlias
-{
- my $class = shift;
- local $_ = shift;
- # print "# findAlias $_\n";
- unless (exists $alias{$_})
- {
- for (my $i=0; $i < @alias; $i += 2)
- {
- my $alias = $alias[$i];
- my $val = $alias[$i+1];
- my $new;
- if (ref($alias) eq 'Regexp' && $_ =~ $alias)
- {
- $new = eval $val;
- }
- elsif (ref($alias) eq 'CODE')
- {
- $new = &{$alias}($val)
- }
- elsif (lc($_) eq lc($alias))
- {
- $new = $val;
- }
- if (defined($new))
- {
- next if $new eq $_; # avoid (direct) recursion on bugs
- my $enc = (ref($new)) ? $new : find_encoding($new);
- if ($enc)
- {
- $alias{$_} = $enc;
- last;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- return $alias{$_};
-}
-
-sub define_alias
-{
- while (@_)
- {
- my ($alias,$name) = splice(@_,0,2);
- push(@alias, $alias => $name);
- }
-}
-
-# Allow variants of iso-8859-1 etc.
-define_alias( qr/^iso[-_]?(\d+)[-_](\d+)$/i => '"iso-$1-$2"' );
-
-# At least HP-UX has these.
-define_alias( qr/^iso8859(\d+)$/i => '"iso-8859-$1"' );
-
-# More HP stuff.
-define_alias( qr/^(?:hp-)?(arabic|greek|hebrew|kana|roman|thai|turkish)8$/i => '"${1}8"' );
-
-# The Official name of ASCII.
-define_alias( qr/^ANSI[-_]?X3\.4[-_]?1968$/i => '"ascii"' );
-
-# This is a font issue, not an encoding issue.
-# (The currency symbol of the Latin 1 upper half
-# has been redefined as the euro symbol.)
-define_alias( qr/^(.+)\@euro$/i => '"$1"' );
-
-# Allow latin-1 style names as well
-define_alias( qr/^(?:iso[-_]?)?latin[-_]?(\d+)$/i => '"iso-8859-$latin2iso_num[$1]"' );
-
-# Allow winlatin1 style names as well
-define_alias( qr/^win(latin[12]|cyrillic|baltic|greek|turkish|hebrew|arabic|baltic|vietnamese)$/i => '"cp$winlatin2cp{\u$1}"' );
-
-# Common names for non-latin prefered MIME names
-define_alias( 'ascii' => 'US-ascii',
- 'cyrillic' => 'iso-8859-5',
- 'arabic' => 'iso-8859-6',
- 'greek' => 'iso-8859-7',
- 'hebrew' => 'iso-8859-8',
- 'thai' => 'iso-8859-11',
- 'tis620' => 'iso-8859-11',
- );
-
-# At least AIX has IBM-NNN (surprisingly...) instead of cpNNN.
-# And Microsoft has their own naming (again, surprisingly).
-define_alias( qr/^(?:ibm|ms)[-_]?(\d\d\d\d?)$/i => '"cp$1"');
-
-# Sometimes seen with a leading zero.
-define_alias( qr/^cp037$/i => '"cp37"');
-
-# Ououououou.
-define_alias( qr/^macRomanian$/i => '"macRumanian"');
-
-# Standardize on the dashed versions.
-define_alias( qr/^utf8$/i => 'utf-8' );
-define_alias( qr/^koi8r$/i => 'koi8-r' );
-define_alias( qr/^koi8u$/i => 'koi8-u' );
-
-# Seen in some Linuxes.
-define_alias( qr/^ujis$/i => 'euc-jp' );
-
-# CP936 doesn't have vendor-addon for GBK, so they're identical.
-define_alias( qr/^gbk$/i => '"cp936"');
-
-# TODO: HP-UX '8' encodings arabic8 greek8 hebrew8 kana8 thai8 turkish8
-# TODO: HP-UX '15' encodings japanese15 korean15 roi15
-# TODO: Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111 (useful?)
-# TODO: Armenian encoding ARMSCII-8
-# TODO: Hebrew encoding ISO-8859-8-1
-# TODO: Thai encoding TCVN
-# TODO: Korean encoding Johab
-# TODO: Vietnamese encodings VPS
-# TODO: Japanese encoding JIS (not the same as SJIS)
-# TODO: Mac Asian+African encodings: Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese
-# ChineseSimp ChineseTrad Devanagari Ethiopic ExtArabic
-# Farsi Georgian Gujarati Gurmukhi Hebrew Japanese
-# Kannada Khmer Korean Laotian Malayalam Mongolian
-# Oriya Sinhalese Symbol Tamil Telugu Tibetan Vietnamese
-
-# Map white space and _ to '-'
-define_alias( qr/^(\S+)[\s_]+(.*)$/i => '"$1-$2"' );
-
sub define_encoding
{
my $obj = shift;
The C<Encode> module provides the interfaces between Perl's strings
and the rest of the system. Perl strings are sequences of B<characters>.
-The repertoire of characters that Perl can represent is at least that
-defined by the Unicode Consortium. On most platforms the ordinal
-values of the characters (as returned by C<ord(ch)>) is the "Unicode
-codepoint" for the character (the exceptions are those platforms where
-the legacy encoding is some variant of EBCDIC rather than a super-set
-of ASCII - see L<perlebcdic>).
-
-Traditionaly computer data has been moved around in 8-bit chunks
-often called "bytes". These chunks are also known as "octets" in
-networking standards. Perl is widely used to manipulate data of
-many types - not only strings of characters representing human or
-computer languages but also "binary" data being the machines representation
-of numbers, pixels in an image - or just about anything.
-
-When Perl is processing "binary data" the programmer wants Perl to process
-"sequences of bytes". This is not a problem for Perl - as a byte has 256
-possible values it easily fits in Perl's much larger "logical character".
-
-Due to size concerns, each of B<CJK> (Chinese, Japanese & Korean) modules
-are not loaded in memory until the first time they're used. Although you
-don't have to C<use> the corresponding B<Encode::>(B<TW>|B<CN>|B<JP>|B<KR>)
-modules first, be aware that those encodings will not be in C<%encodings>
-until their module is loaded (either implicitly through using encodings
-contained in the same module, or via an explicit C<use>).
-
-=head2 TERMINOLOGY
-
-=over 4
-
-=item *
-
-I<character>: a character in the range 0..(2**32-1) (or more).
-(What Perl's strings are made of.)
-
-=item *
-
-I<byte>: a character in the range 0..255
-(A special case of a Perl character.)
-
-=item *
-
-I<octet>: 8 bits of data, with ordinal values 0..255
-(Term for bytes passed to or from a non-Perl context, e.g. disk file.)
-
-=back
-
-The marker [INTERNAL] marks Internal Implementation Details, in
-general meant only for those who think they know what they are doing,
-and such details may change in future releases.
-
-=head1 ENCODINGS
-
-=head2 Characteristics of an Encoding
-
-An encoding has a "repertoire" of characters that it can represent,
-and for each representable character there is at least one sequence of
-octets that represents it.
-
-=head2 Types of Encodings
-
-Encodings can be divided into the following types:
-
-=over 4
-
-=item * Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings.
-
-Each character is a single octet so may have a repertoire of up to
-256 characters. ASCII and iso-8859-* are typical examples.
-
-=item * Fixed length 16-bit encodings
-
-Each character is two octets so may have a repertoire of up to
-65 536 characters. Unicode's UCS-2 is an example. Also used for
-encodings for East Asian languages.
-
-=item * Fixed length 32-bit encodings.
-
-Not really very "encoded" encodings. The Unicode code points
-are just represented as 4-octet integers. None the less because
-different architectures use different representations of integers
-(so called "endian") there at least two disctinct encodings.
-
-=item * Multi-byte encodings
-
-The number of octets needed to represent a character varies.
-UTF-8 is a particularly complex but regular case of a multi-byte
-encoding. Several East Asian countries use a multi-byte encoding
-where 1-octet is used to cover western roman characters and Asian
-characters get 2-octets.
-(UTF-16 is strictly a multi-byte encoding taking either 2 or 4 octets
-to represent a Unicode code point.)
-
-=item * "Escape" encodings.
-
-These encodings embed "escape sequences" into the octet sequence
-which describe how the following octets are to be interpreted.
-The iso-2022-* family is typical. Following the escape sequence
-octets are encoded by an "embedded" encoding (which will be one
-of the above types) until another escape sequence switches to
-a different "embedded" encoding.
-
-These schemes are very flexible and can handle mixed languages but are
-very complex to process (and have state). No escape encodings are
-implemented for Perl yet.
-
-=back
-
-=head2 Specifying Encodings
-
-Encodings can be specified to the API described below in two ways:
-
-=over 4
-
-=item 1. By name
-
-Encoding names are strings with characters taken from a restricted
-repertoire. See L</"Encoding Names">.
-
-=item 2. As an object
-
-Encoding objects are returned by C<find_encoding($name, [$skip_external])>.
-If the second parameter is true, Encode will refrain from loading external
-modules for CJK encodings.
-
-=back
-
-=head2 Encoding Names
-
-Encoding names are case insensitive. White space in names is ignored.
-In addition an encoding may have aliases. Each encoding has one
-"canonical" name. The "canonical" name is chosen from the names of
-the encoding by picking the first in the following sequence:
-
-=over 4
-
-=item * The MIME name as defined in IETF RFCs.
-
-=item * The name in the IANA registry.
-
-=item * The name used by the organization that defined it.
-
-=back
-
-Because of all the alias issues, and because in the general case
-encodings have state C<Encode> uses the encoding object internally
-once an operation is in progress.
-
-As of Perl 5.8.0, at least the following encodings are recognized
-(the => marks aliases):
-
- ASCII
-
- US-ASCII => ASCII
-
-The Unicode:
-
- UTF-8
- UTF-16
- UCS-2
-
- ISO 10646-1 => UCS-2
-
-The ISO 8859 and KOI:
-
- ISO 8859-1 ISO 8859-6 ISO 8859-11 KOI8-F
- ISO 8859-2 ISO 8859-7 (12 doesn't exist) KOI8-R
- ISO 8859-3 ISO 8859-8 ISO 8859-13 KOI8-U
- ISO 8859-4 ISO 8859-9 ISO 8859-14
- ISO 8859-5 ISO 8859-10 ISO 8859-15
- ISO 8859-16
-
- Latin1 => 8859-1 Latin6 => 8859-10
- Latin2 => 8859-2 Latin7 => 8859-13
- Latin3 => 8859-3 Latin8 => 8859-14
- Latin4 => 8859-4 Latin9 => 8859-15
- Latin5 => 8859-9 Latin10 => 8859-16
-
- Cyrillic => 8859-5
- Arabic => 8859-6
- Greek => 8859-7
- Hebrew => 8859-8
- Thai => 8859-11
- TIS620 => 8859-11
-
-The CJKV: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese:
-
- ISO 2022 ISO 2022 JP-1 JIS 0201 GB 1988 Big5 EUC-CN
- ISO 2022 CN ISO 2022 JP-2 JIS 0208 GB 2312 HZ EUC-JP
- ISO 2022 JP ISO 2022 KR JIS 0210 GB 12345 CNS 11643 EUC-JP-0212
- Shift-JIS GBK Big5-HKSCS EUC-KR
- VISCII ISO-IR-165
-
-(Due to size concerns, additional Chinese encodings including C<GB 18030>,
-C<EUC-TW> and C<BIG5PLUS> are distributed separately on CPAN, under the name
-L<Encode::HanExtra>.)
-
-The PC codepages:
-
- CP37 CP852 CP861 CP866 CP949 CP1251 CP1256
- CP424 CP855 CP862 CP869 CP950 CP1252 CP1257
- CP737 CP856 CP863 CP874 CP1006 CP1253 CP1258
- CP775 CP857 CP864 CP932 CP1047 CP1254
- CP850 CP860 CP865 CP936 CP1250 CP1255
-
- WinLatin1 => CP1252
- WinLatin2 => CP1250
- WinCyrillic => CP1251
- WinGreek => CP1253
- WinTurkiskh => CP1254
- WinHebrew => CP1255
- WinArabic => CP1256
- WinBaltic => CP1257
- WinVietnamese => CP1258
-
-(All the CPI<NNN...> are available also as IBMI<NNN...>.)
-
-The Mac codepages:
-
- MacCentralEuropean MacJapanese
- MacCroatian MacRoman
- MacCyrillic MacRomanian
- MacDingbats MacSami
- MacGreek MacThai
- MacIcelandic MacTurkish
- MacUkraine
-
-Miscellaneous:
-
- 7bit-greek IR-197
- 7bit-kana NeXTstep
- 7bit-latin1 POSIX-BC
- DingBats Roman8
- GSM 0338 Symbol
+To find more about character encodings, please consult
+L<Encode::Details> . This document focuses on programming references.
=head1 PERL ENCODING API
internal form and returns the resulting string. For CHECK see
L</"Handling Malformed Data">.
-For example to convert ISO 8859-1 data to UTF-8:
+For example to convert ISO-8859-1 data to UTF-8:
$utf8 = decode("latin1", $latin1);
encode() or through PerlIO: See L</"Encoding and IO">. For CHECK
see L</"Handling Malformed Data">.
-For example to convert ISO 8859-1 data to UTF-8:
+For example to convert ISO-8859-1 data to UTF-8:
from_to($data, "iso-8859-1", "utf-8");
=back
-=head2 Other Encodings of Unicode
-
-UTF-16 is similar to UCS-2, 16 bit or 2-byte chunks. UCS-2 can only
-represent 0..0xFFFF, while UTF-16 has a I<surrogate pair> scheme which
-allows it to cover the whole Unicode range.
-
-Surrogates are code points set aside to encode the 0x01000..0x10FFFF
-range of Unicode code points in pairs of 16-bit units. The I<high
-surrogates> are the range 0xD800..0xDBFF, and the I<low surrogates>
-are the range 0xDC00..0xDFFFF. The surrogate encoding is
-
- $hi = ($uni - 0x10000) / 0x400 + 0xD800;
- $lo = ($uni - 0x10000) % 0x400 + 0xDC00;
-
-and the decoding is
-
- $uni = 0x10000 + ($hi - 0xD8000) * 0x400 + ($lo - 0xDC00);
-
-Encode implements big-endian UCS-2 aliased to "iso-10646-1" as that
-happens to be the name used by that representation when used with X11
-fonts.
-
-UTF-32 or UCS-4 is 32-bit or 4-byte chunks. Perl's logical characters
-can be considered as being in this form without encoding. An encoding
-to transfer strings in this form (e.g. to write them to a file) would
-need to
-
- pack('L*', unpack('U*', $string)); # native
- or
- pack('V*', unpack('U*', $string)); # little-endian
- or
- pack('N*', unpack('U*', $string)); # big-endian
-
-depending on the endianness required.
-
-No UTF-32 encodings are implemented yet.
-
-Both UCS-2 and UCS-4 style encodings can have "byte order marks" by
-representing the code point 0xFFFE as the very first thing in a file.
-
=head2 Listing available encodings
use Encode qw(encodings);
@list = encodings();
-Returns a list of the canonical names of the available encodings.
+Returns a list of the canonical names of the available encodings.
+
+To find which encodings are suppoted by this package in details,
+see L<Encode::Supported>.
=head2 Defining Aliases
Allows newName to be used as am alias for ENCODING. ENCODING may be
either the name of an encoding or and encoding object (as above).
-Currently I<newName> can be specified in the following ways:
-
-=over 4
-
-=item As a simple string.
-
-=item As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:
-
- define_alias( qr/^iso8859-(\d+)$/i => '"iso-8859-$1"' );
-
-In this case if I<ENCODING> is not a reference it is C<eval>-ed to
-allow C<$1> etc. to be subsituted. The example is one way to names as
-used in X11 font names to alias the MIME names for the iso-8859-*
-family.
-
-=item As a code reference, e.g.:
-
- define_alias( sub { return /^iso8859-(\d+)$/i ? "iso-8859-$1" : undef } , '');
+See L<Encode::Alias> on details.
-In this case C<$_> will be set to the name that is being looked up and
-I<ENCODING> is passed to the sub as its first argument. The example
-is another way to names as used in X11 font names to alias the MIME
-names for the iso-8859-* family.
-
-=back
-
-=head2 Defining Encodings
+=head1 Defining Encodings
use Encode qw(define_alias);
define_encoding( $object, 'canonicalName' [,alias...]);
Causes I<canonicalName> to be associated with I<$object>. The object
-should provide the interface described in L</"IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES">
+should provide the interface described in L<Encode::Encoding>
below. If more than two arguments are provided then additional
arguments are taken as aliases for I<$object> as for C<define_alias>.
"character operations" (e.g. C<lc>, C</\W+/>, ...).
You can also use PerlIO to convert larger amounts of data you don't
-want to bring into memory. For example to convert between ISO 8859-1
+want to bring into memory. For example to convert between ISO-8859-1
(Latin 1) and UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC in EBCDIC machines):
open(F, "<:encoding(iso-8859-1)", "data.txt") or die $!;
See also L<encoding> for how to change the default encoding of the
data in your script.
-=head1 Encoding How to ...
-
-To do:
-
-=over 4
-
-=item * IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*)
-
-=item * MIME's Content-Length:
-
-=item * UTF-8 strings in binary data.
-
-=item * Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules.
-
-=back
-
=head1 Messing with Perl's Internals
The following API uses parts of Perl's internals in the current
If CHECK is true, also checks the data in STRING for being well-formed
UTF-8. Returns true if successful, false otherwise.
-=item * valid_utf8(STRING)
-
-[INTERNAL] Test whether STRING is in a consistent state. Will return
-true if string is held as bytes, or is well-formed UTF-8 and has the
-UTF-8 flag on. Main reason for this routine is to allow Perl's
-testsuite to check that operations have left strings in a consistent
-state.
-
=item *
_utf8_on(STRING)
=back
-=head1 IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
-
-As mentioned above encodings are (in the current implementation at least)
-defined by objects. The mapping of encoding name to object is via the
-C<%encodings> hash.
-
-The values of the hash can currently be either strings or objects.
-The string form may go away in the future. The string form occurs
-when C<encodings()> has scanned C<@INC> for loadable encodings but has
-not actually loaded the encoding in question. This is because the
-current "loading" process is all Perl and a bit slow.
-
-Once an encoding is loaded then value of the hash is object which
-implements the encoding. The object should provide the following
-interface:
-
-=over 4
-
-=item -E<gt>name
-
-Should return the string representing the canonical name of the encoding.
-
-=item -E<gt>new_sequence
-
-This is a placeholder for encodings with state. It should return an
-object which implements this interface, all current implementations
-return the original object.
-
-=item -E<gt>encode($string,$check)
-
-Should return the octet sequence representing I<$string>. If I<$check>
-is true it should modify I<$string> in place to remove the converted
-part (i.e. the whole string unless there is an error). If an error
-occurs it should return the octet sequence for the fragment of string
-that has been converted, and modify $string in-place to remove the
-converted part leaving it starting with the problem fragment.
-
-If check is is false then C<encode> should make a "best effort" to
-convert the string - for example by using a replacement character.
-
-=item -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
-
-Should return the string that I<$octets> represents. If I<$check> is
-true it should modify I<$octets> in place to remove the converted part
-(i.e. the whole sequence unless there is an error). If an error
-occurs it should return the fragment of string that has been
-converted, and modify $octets in-place to remove the converted part
-leaving it starting with the problem fragment.
-
-If check is is false then C<decode> should make a "best effort" to
-convert the string - for example by using Unicode's "\x{FFFD}" as a
-replacement character.
-
-=back
-
-It should be noted that the check behaviour is different from the
-outer public API. The logic is that the "unchecked" case is useful
-when encoding is part of a stream which may be reporting errors
-(e.g. STDERR). In such cases it is desirable to get everything
-through somehow without causing additional errors which obscure the
-original one. Also the encoding is best placed to know what the
-correct replacement character is, so if that is the desired behaviour
-then letting low level code do it is the most efficient.
-
-In contrast if check is true, the scheme above allows the encoding to
-do as much as it can and tell layer above how much that was. What is
-lacking at present is a mechanism to report what went wrong. The most
-likely interface will be an additional method call to the object, or
-perhaps (to avoid forcing per-stream objects on otherwise stateless
-encodings) and additional parameter.
-
-It is also highly desirable that encoding classes inherit from
-C<Encode::Encoding> as a base class. This allows that class to define
-additional behaviour for all encoding objects. For example built in
-Unicode, UCS-2 and UTF-8 classes use :
-
- package Encode::MyEncoding;
- use base qw(Encode::Encoding);
-
- __PACKAGE__->Define(qw(myCanonical myAlias));
-
-To create an object with bless {Name => ...},$class, and call
-define_encoding. They inherit their C<name> method from
-C<Encode::Encoding>.
-
-=head2 Compiled Encodings
-
-F<Encode.xs> provides a class C<Encode::XS> which provides the
-interface described above. It calls a generic octet-sequence to
-octet-sequence "engine" that is driven by tables (defined in
-F<encengine.c>). The same engine is used for both encode and
-decode. C<Encode:XS>'s C<encode> forces Perl's characters to their
-UTF-8 form and then treats them as just another multibyte
-encoding. C<Encode:XS>'s C<decode> transforms the sequence and then
-turns the UTF-8-ness flag as that is the form that the tables are
-defined to produce. For details of the engine see the comments in
-F<encengine.c>.
-
-The tables are produced by the Perl script F<compile> (the name needs
-to change so we can eventually install it somewhere). F<compile> can
-currently read two formats:
-
-=over 4
-
-=item *.enc
-
-This is a coined format used by Tcl. It is documented in
-Encode/EncodeFormat.pod.
-
-=item *.ucm
-
-This is the semi-standard format used by IBM's ICU package.
-
-=back
-
-F<compile> can write the following forms:
-
-=over 4
-
-=item *.ucm
-
-See above - the F<Encode/*.ucm> files provided with the distribution have
-been created from the original Tcl .enc files using this approach.
-
-=item *.c
-
-Produces tables as C data structures - this is used to build in encodings
-into F<Encode.so>/F<Encode.dll>.
-
-=item *.xs
-
-In theory this allows encodings to be stand-alone loadable Perl
-extensions. The process has not yet been tested. The plan is to use
-this approach for large East Asian encodings.
-
-=back
-
-The set of encodings built-in to F<Encode.so>/F<Encode.dll> is
-determined by F<Makefile.PL>. The current set is as follows:
-
-=over 4
-
-=item ascii and iso-8859-*
-
-That is all the common 8-bit "western" encodings.
-
-=item IBM-1047 and two other variants of EBCDIC.
-
-These are the same variants that are supported by EBCDIC Perl as
-"native" encodings. They are included to prove "reversibility" of
-some constructs in EBCDIC Perl.
-
-=item symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11.
-
-(The reason Encode got started was to support Perl/Tk.)
-
-=back
-
-That set is rather ad hoc and has been driven by the needs of the
-tests rather than the needs of typical applications. It is likely
-to be rationalized.
-
=head1 SEE ALSO
-L<perlunicode>, L<perlebcdic>, L<perlfunc/open>, L<PerlIO>, L<encoding>
+L<Encode::Details>,
+L<Encode::Encoding>,
+L<Encode::Supported>,
+L<PerlIO>,
+L<encoding>,
+L<perlebcdic>,
+L<perlfunc/open>,
+L<perlunicode>,
+L<utf8>,
+the Perl Unicode Mailing List E<lt>perl-unicode@perl.orgE<gt>
=cut
-
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blobdiff