-This is a fully ported perl for OS/390 Release 3. It may work on
-other versions, but that's the one we've tested it on.
-If you've downloaded the binary distribution, it needs to be
-installed below /usr/local. Source code distributions have an
-automated `make install` step that means you do not need to extract
-the source code below /usr/local (though that is where it will be
-installed by default). You may need to worry about the networking
-configuration files discussed in the last bullet below.
+This document is written in pod format hence there are punctuation
+characters in odd places. Do not worry, you've apparently got
+the ASCII->EBCDIC translation worked out correctly. You can read
+more about pod in pod/perlpod.pod or the short summary in the
+INSTALL file.
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+This document will help you Configure, build, test and install Perl
+on OS/390 Unix System Services.
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3, 5, 6, 7,
+8, and 9. It may work on other versions or releases, but those are
+the ones we've tested it on.
+
+You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks before
+running the Configure script for Perl.
+
+=head2 Unpacking
Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at:
pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < latest.tar
-GNU make for OS/390, which may be required for the build of perl,
-is available from:
+=head2 Setup and utilities
+
+Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including any necessary
+parser template files. If you have not already done so then be sure to:
+
+ cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc
+
+This may also be a good time to ensure that your /etc/protocol file
+and either your /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/hosts files are in place.
+The IBM document that described such USS system setup issues was
+SC28-1890-07 "OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning", in particular
+Chapter 6 on customizing the OE shell.
+
+GNU make for OS/390, which is required for the build of perl (as well as
+building CPAN modules and extensions), is available from:
http://www.mks.com/s390/gnu/index.htm
-Once you've unpacked the distribution, run Configure (see INSTALL for
-full discussion of the Configure options), and then run make, then
-"make test" then "make install" (this last step may require UID=0
-privileges)
+Some people have reported encountering "Out of memory!" errors while
+trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries. If you encounter such
+trouble then try to download the source code kit and build GNU make
+from source to eliminate any such trouble. You might also find GNU make
+(as well as Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book "Open Source Software
+for OS/390 UNIX", SG24-5944-00 from IBM.
+
+There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h header file
+that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and possibly V2R9. The problem with
+the header file is that near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT constant
+there is a spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment like so:
+
+ #define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200 /* allow local address & port
+ reuse */ /
+
+You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/', or you might
+note that Language Environment (LE) APAR PQ39997 describes the problem
+and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271 are the (R8 at least) fixes and apply them.
+If left unattended that syntax error will turn up as an inability for Perl
+to build its "Socket" extension.
+
+For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky bit for your
+world readable /tmp directory if you have not already done so (see man chmod).
+
+=head2 Configure
+
+Once you've unpacked the distribution, run "sh Configure" (see INSTALL
+for a full discussion of the Configure options). There is a "hints" file
+for os390 that specifies the correct values for most things. Some things
+to watch out for include:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+A message of the form:
+
+ (I see you are using the Korn shell. Some ksh's blow up on Configure,
+ mainly on older exotic systems. If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.)
+
+is nothing to worry about at all.
+
+=item *
+
+Some of the parser default template files in /samples are needed in /etc.
+In particular be sure that you at least copy /samples/yyparse.c to /etc
+before running Perl's Configure. This step ensures successful extraction
+of EBCDIC versions of parser files such as perly.c. This has to be done
+before running Configure the first time. If you failed to do so then the
+easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to delete your misconfigured build root
+and re extract the source from the tar ball. If for some reason you do not
+want to do that then, after ensuring that /etc/yyparse.c is properly in place
+run the following commands from within the Perl build directory:
+
+ rm -f y.tab.c y.tab.h
+ yacc -d perly.y
+ mv -f y.tab.c perly.c
+ chmod u+w perly.c
+ sed -e '/^#include "perl\.h"/a\
+ \
+ #define yydebug PL_yydebug\
+ #define yynerrs PL_yynerrs\
+ #define yyerrflag PL_yyerrflag\
+ #define yychar PL_yychar\
+ #define yyval PL_yyval\
+ #define yylval PL_yylval' \
+ -e '/YYSTYPE *yyval;/D' \
+ -e '/YYSTYPE *yylval;/D' \
+ -e '/int yychar,/,/yynerrs;/D' \
+ -e 's/int yydebug = 0;/yydebug = 0;/' \
+ -e 's/[^_]realloc(/PerlMem_realloc(/g' \
+ -e 's/fprintf *( *stderr *,/PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,/g' \
+ -e 's/y\.tab/perly/g' perly.c >perly.tmp
+ mv -f perly.tmp perly.c
+ mv -f y.tab.h perly.h
+ cd x2p
+ rm -f y.tab.c y.tab.h
+ yacc a2p.y
+ mv -f y.tab.c a2p.c
+ chmod u+w a2p.c
+ sed -e 's/fprintf *( *stderr *,/PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,/g' \
+ -e 's/y\.tab/a2p/g' a2p.c >a2p.tmp
+ mv -f a2p.tmp a2p.c
+ mv -f y.tab.h a2p.h
+ cd ..
+
+There, easy huh? If you find typing all that in difficult then perhaps
+you should reconsider the rm -rf of the perl build directory and
+re extraction of the source tar ball.
+
+=item *
+
+This port doesn't support dynamic loading. Although OS/390 has support
+for DLLs via dllload(), there are some differences that cause problems
+for Perl. (We need a volunteer to write a ext/DynaLoader/dl_dllload.xs
+file).
+
+=item *
+
+Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There is
+a bug in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to
+not work correctly when the optimizer is on.
+
+=item *
+
+Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the
+networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong
+names. In particular, make sure that there's either
+an /etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so that
+gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file
+/etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT
+/etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems).
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Build, test, install
+
+Simply put:
+
+ sh Configure
+ make
+ make test
+
+if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP diagnosis) then:
+
+ make install
+
+this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges depending
+on how you answered the questions that Configure asked and whether
+or not you have write access to the directories you specified.
+
+=head2 build anomalies
-There is a "hints" file for os390 that specifies the correct values
-for most things. Some things to watch out for are
+"Out of memory!" messages during the build of Perl are most often fixed
+by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390 from a source code kit.
- - this port doesn't support dynamic loading. Although
- OS/390 has support for DLLs, there are some differences
- that cause problems for perl.
+Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE parameter in your
+'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note too that as of V2R8 address space
+limits can be set on a per user ID basis in the USS segment of a RACF
+profile). People have reported successful builds of Perl with MAXASSIZE
+parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be possible to build Perl
+with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that).
- - You may see a "WHOA THERE!!!" message for $d_shmatprototype
- it is OK to keep the recommended "define".
+Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit your ulimit
+settings. Check that the following command returns reasonable values:
- - Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's
- a bug in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to
- not work correctly when the optimizer is on.
+ ulimit -a
- - Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the
- networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong
- names. In particular, make sure that there's either
- an /etc/resolv.conf or and /etc/hosts, so that
- gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file
- /etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT
- /etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems).
+To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules loaded into the
+Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a link list or step lib.
- - Some of the parser default files in /sample are needed in /etc.
- In particular be sure that you at least copy /sample/yy* to /etc
- before running perl's Configure.
+If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the build of the
+Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax error in the system
+header /usr/include/sys/socket.h.
+
+=head2 testing anomalies
+
+The `make test` step runs a Perl Verification Procedure, usually before
+installation. You might encounter STDERR messages even during a successful
+run of `make test`. Here is a guide to some of the more commonly seen
+anomalies:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+A message of the form:
+
+ comp/cpp.............ERROR CBC3191 ./.301989890.c:1 The character $ is not a
+ valid C source character.
+ FSUM3065 The COMPILE step ended with return code 12.
+ FSUM3017 Could not compile .301989890.c. Correct the errors and try again.
+ ok
+
+indicates that the t/comp/cpp.t test of Perl's -P command line switch has
+passed but that the particular invocation of c89 -E in the cpp script does
+not suppress the C compiler check of source code validity.
+
+=item *
+
+A message of the form:
+
+ io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
+ CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
+ CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
+ ok
+
+indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has passed but done so
+with extraneous messages on stderr from CEE.
+
+=item *
+
+A message of the form:
+
+ lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe
+ (sticky bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
+ File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky bit not
+ set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
+ ok
+
+indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp directory within the HFS.
+To correct that problem issue the command:
+
+ chmod a+t /tmp
+
+from an account with write access to the directory entry for /tmp.
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Usage Hints
When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
-character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave
-differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
+character sets are different. See perlebcdic.pod for more on such character
+set issues. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under
+EBCDIC are also mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
-OpenEdition (UNIX System Services) does not (yet) support the #! means
-of script invokation.
-See:
+Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does support
+#!/path/to/perl script invocation. There is a PTF available from
+IBM for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel support for #!. USS
+releases prior to V2R7 did not support the #! means of script invocation.
+If you are running V2R6 or earlier then see:
head `whence perldoc`
for an example of how to use the "eval exec" trick to ask the shell to
-have perl run your scripts for you.
+have Perl run your scripts on those older releases of Unix System Services.
+
+=head2 Modules and Extensions
-perl-mvs mailing list: The Perl Institute (http://www.perl.org/)
-maintains a mailing list of interest to all folks building and/or
-using perl on EBCDIC platforms. To subscibe, send a message of:
+Pure pure (that is non xs) modules may be installed via the usual:
+
+ perl Makefile.PL
+ make
+ make test
+ make install
+
+You can also build xs based extensions to Perl for OS/390 but will need
+to follow the instructions in ExtUtils::MakeMaker for building
+statically linked perl binaries. In the simplest configurations building
+a static perl + xs extension boils down to:
+
+ perl Makefile.PL
+ make
+ make perl
+ make test
+ make install
+ make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl
+
+In most cases people have reported better results with GNU make rather
+than the system's /bin/make program, whether for plain modules or for
+xs based extensions.
+
+=head1 AUTHORS
+
+David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis Longnecker
+and William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR and PTF feedback.
+Thanks to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow for SG24-5944-00.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<INSTALL>, L<perlport>, L<perlebcdic>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>.
+
+ http://www.mks.com/s390/gnu/index.htm
+
+ http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg245944.html
+
+ http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc
+
+ http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/portbk/bpxacenv.html
+
+ http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/
+
+=head2 Mailing list
+
+The Perl Institute (http://www.perl.org/) maintains a perl-mvs
+mailing list of interest to all folks building and/or
+using perl on all EBCDIC platforms (not just OS/390).
+To subscribe, send a message of:
subscribe perl-mvs
-to majordomo@perl.org.
+to majordomo@perl.org. There is a web archive of the mailing list at:
+
+ http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/
+
+=head1 HISTORY
+
+This document was originally written by David Fiander for the 5.005
+release of Perl.
+
+This document was podified for the 5.005_03 release of Perl 11 March 1999.
+
+Updated 12 November 2000 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl.
-Regression tests: as the 5.005 kit was was being assembled
-the following "failures" were known to appear on some machines
-during `make test` (mostly due to ASCII vs. EBCDIC conflicts),
-your results may differ:
+=cut
-comp/cpp..........FAILED at test 0
-op/pack...........FAILED at test 58
-op/stat...........Out of memory!
-op/taint..........FAILED at test 73
-lib/errno.........FAILED at test 1
-lib/posix.........FAILED at test 19
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