record and extract metadata
[p5sagit/Function-Parameters.git] / Parameters.xs
index 784d96b..d1aa2aa 100644 (file)
@@ -107,15 +107,88 @@ DEFSTRUCT(KWSpec) {
 
 static int (*next_keyword_plugin)(pTHX_ char *, STRLEN, OP **);
 
-static int kw_flags(pTHX_ const char *kw_ptr, STRLEN kw_len, KWSpec *spec) {
+DEFSTRUCT(Resource) {
+       Resource *next;
+       void *data;
+       void (*destroy)(pTHX_ void *);
+};
+
+typedef Resource *Sentinel[1];
+
+static void sentinel_clear_void(pTHX_ void *p) {
+       Resource **pp = p;
+       while (*pp) {
+               Resource *cur = *pp;
+               cur->destroy(aTHX_ cur->data);
+               cur->data = (void *)"no";
+               cur->destroy = NULL;
+               *pp = cur->next;
+               Safefree(cur);
+       }
+}
+
+static void sentinel_register(Sentinel sen, void *data, void (*destroy)(pTHX_ void *)) {
+       Resource *cur;
+
+       Newx(cur, 1, Resource);
+       cur->data = data;
+       cur->destroy = destroy;
+       cur->next = *sen;
+       *sen = cur;
+}
+
+static void my_sv_refcnt_dec_void(pTHX_ void *p) {
+       SV *sv = p;
+       SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
+}
+
+static SV *sentinel_mortalize(Sentinel sen, SV *sv) {
+       sentinel_register(sen, sv, my_sv_refcnt_dec_void);
+       return sv;
+}
+
+static void my_safefree(void *p) {
+       Safefree(p);
+}
+
+#define SENTINEL_ALLOC(SEN, P, N, T) STMT_START { \
+       Newx(P, N, T); \
+       sentinel_register(SEN, P, my_safefree); \
+} STMT_END
+
+#define SENTINEL_MDUP(SEN, P, O, N, T) STMT_START { \
+       void *const _sentinel_mdup_tmp_ = (P); \
+       SENTINEL_ALLOC(SEN, P, N, T); \
+       memcpy(P, _sentinel_mdup_tmp_, O * sizeof (T)); \
+} STMT_END
+
+#define SENTINEL_REALLOC(SEN, P, N, T) STMT_START { \
+       assert((N) > 0); \
+       if (!(P)) { \
+               SENTINEL_ALLOC(SEN, P, N, T); \
+       } else { \
+               Resource **_sentinel_realloc_tmp_ = (SEN); \
+               for (;;) { \
+                       assert(*_sentinel_realloc_tmp_ != NULL); \
+                       if ((*_sentinel_realloc_tmp_)->data == (P)) { \
+                               Renew((*_sentinel_realloc_tmp_)->data, N, T); \
+                               (P) = (*_sentinel_realloc_tmp_)->data; \
+                               break; \
+                       } \
+                       _sentinel_realloc_tmp_ = &(*_sentinel_realloc_tmp_)->next; \
+               } \
+       } \
+} STMT_END
+
+static int kw_flags(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const char *kw_ptr, STRLEN kw_len, KWSpec *spec) {
        HV *hints;
        SV *sv, **psv;
        const char *p, *kw_active;
        STRLEN kw_active_len;
 
        spec->flags = 0;
-       spec->shift = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
-       spec->attrs = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+       spec->shift = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
+       spec->attrs = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
 
        if (!(hints = GvHV(PL_hintgv))) {
                return FALSE;
@@ -144,7 +217,7 @@ static int kw_flags(pTHX_ const char *kw_ptr, STRLEN kw_len, KWSpec *spec) {
        const char *fk_ptr_; \
        STRLEN fk_len_; \
        SV *fk_sv_; \
-       fk_sv_ = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(HINTK_ ## NAME)); \
+       fk_sv_ = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(HINTK_ ## NAME)); \
        sv_catpvn(fk_sv_, PTR, LEN); \
        fk_ptr_ = SvPV(fk_sv_, fk_len_); \
        if (!((X) = hv_fetch(hints, fk_ptr_, fk_len_, 0))) { \
@@ -214,10 +287,10 @@ static bool my_is_uni_xidcont(pTHX_ UV c) {
        return is_utf8_xidcont(tmpbuf);
 }
 
-static SV *my_scan_word(pTHX_ bool allow_package) {
+static SV *my_scan_word(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, bool allow_package) {
        bool at_start, at_substart;
        I32 c;
-       SV *sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+       SV *sv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
        if (lex_bufutf8()) {
                SvUTF8_on(sv);
        }
@@ -263,14 +336,14 @@ static SV *my_scan_word(pTHX_ bool allow_package) {
        return SvCUR(sv) ? sv : NULL;
 }
 
-static SV *my_scan_parens_tail(pTHX_ bool keep_backslash) {
+static SV *my_scan_parens_tail(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, bool keep_backslash) {
        I32 c, nesting;
        SV *sv;
        line_t start;
 
        start = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
 
-       sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+       sv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
        if (lex_bufutf8()) {
                SvUTF8_on(sv);
        }
@@ -307,7 +380,7 @@ static SV *my_scan_parens_tail(pTHX_ bool keep_backslash) {
        return sv;
 }
 
-static void my_check_prototype(pTHX_ const SV *declarator, SV *proto) {
+static void my_check_prototype(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const SV *declarator, SV *proto) {
        char *start, *r, *w, *end;
        STRLEN len;
 
@@ -331,7 +404,7 @@ static void my_check_prototype(pTHX_ const SV *declarator, SV *proto) {
 
        /* check for bad characters */
        if (strspn(start, "$@%*;[]&\\_+") != len) {
-               SV *dsv = newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP);
+               SV *dsv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
                warner(
                        packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
                        "Illegal character in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
@@ -450,6 +523,7 @@ DEFSTRUCT(ParamSpec) {
        VEC(Param) named_required;
        VEC(ParamInit) named_optional;
        Param slurpy;
+       PADOFFSET rest_hash;
 };
 
 DEFVECTOR_INIT(pv_init, Param);
@@ -467,6 +541,7 @@ static void ps_init(ParamSpec *ps) {
        pv_init(&ps->named_required);
        piv_init(&ps->named_optional);
        p_init(&ps->slurpy);
+       ps->rest_hash = NOT_IN_PAD;
 }
 
 #define DEFVECTOR_EXTEND(N, B) static B (*N(VEC(B) *p)) { \
@@ -606,6 +681,7 @@ enum {
  */
 static PADOFFSET parse_param(
        pTHX_
+       Sentinel sen,
        const SV *declarator, const KWSpec *spec, ParamSpec *param_spec,
        int *pflags, SV **pname, OP **pinit
 ) {
@@ -639,7 +715,7 @@ static PADOFFSET parse_param(
        lex_read_unichar(0);
        lex_read_space(0);
 
-       if (!(name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ FALSE))) {
+       if (!(name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, FALSE))) {
                croak("In %"SVf": missing identifier after '%c'", SVfARG(declarator), sigil);
        }
        sv_insert(name, 0, 0, &sigil, 1);
@@ -691,57 +767,143 @@ static OP *my_var(pTHX_ I32 flags, PADOFFSET padoff) {
        return my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADSV, flags, padoff);
 }
 
-static SV *mkbits1(pTHX_ size_t n) {
-       size_t bytes = n / 8, bits = n % 8;
-       SV *sv = newSV(bytes + !!bits);
-       char *p = SvPVX(sv), *q = p;
-       while (bytes--) {
-               *p++ = '\xff';
+static OP *mkhvelem(pTHX_ PADOFFSET h, OP *k) {
+       OP *hv = my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, OPf_REF, h);
+       return newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, hv, k);
+}
+
+static OP *mkconstsv(pTHX_ SV *sv) {
+       return newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv);
+}
+
+static OP *mkconstiv(pTHX_ IV i) {
+       return mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSViv(i));
+}
+
+static OP *mkconstpv(pTHX_ const char *p, size_t n) {
+       return mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpv(p, n));
+}
+
+#define mkconstpvs(S) mkconstpv(aTHX_ "" S "", sizeof S - 1)
+
+static void register_info(pTHX_ UV key, SV *declarator, const KWSpec *kws, const ParamSpec *ps) {
+       dSP;
+
+       ENTER;
+       SAVETMPS;
+
+       PUSHMARK(SP);
+       EXTEND(SP, 8);
+
+       /* 0 */ {
+               mPUSHu(key);
        }
-       if (bits) {
-               *p++ = (1u << bits) - 1;
+       /* 1 */ {
+               size_t n;
+               char *p = SvPV(declarator, n);
+               char *q = memchr(p, ' ', n);
+               mPUSHp(p, q ? q - p : n);
        }
-       *p = '\0';
-       SvCUR_set(sv, p - q);
-       SvPOK_on(sv);
-       return sv;
-}
+       if (!ps) {
+               if (SvTRUE(kws->shift)) {
+                       PUSHs(kws->shift);
+               } else {
+                       PUSHmortal;
+               }
+               mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
+               mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
+               mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
+               mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
+               mPUSHp("@_", 2);
+       } else {
+               /* 2 */ {
+                       if (ps->invocant.name) {
+                               PUSHs(ps->invocant.name);
+                       } else {
+                               PUSHmortal;
+                       }
+               }
+               /* 3 */ {
+                       size_t i, lim;
+                       AV *av;
+
+                       lim = ps->positional_required.used;
 
-static OP *mkvecbits(pTHX_ PADOFFSET padoff, size_t i) {
-       OP *first, *mid, *last, *vec;
+                       av = newAV();
+                       if (lim) {
+                               av_extend(av, lim - 1);
+                               for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
+                                       av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(ps->positional_required.data[i].name));
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
+               }
+               /* 4 */ {
+                       size_t i, lim;
+                       AV *av;
 
-       last = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1));
-       first = last;
+                       lim = ps->positional_optional.used;
 
-       mid = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(i));
-       mid->op_sibling = first;
-       first = mid;
+                       av = newAV();
+                       if (lim) {
+                               av_extend(av, lim - 1);
+                               for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
+                                       av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(ps->positional_optional.data[i].param.name));
+                               }
+                       }
 
-       mid = my_var(aTHX_ 0, padoff);
-       mid->op_sibling = first;
+                       mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
+               }
+               /* 5 */ {
+                       size_t i, lim;
+                       AV *av;
 
-       first = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
+                       lim = ps->named_required.used;
 
-       vec = newLISTOP(OP_VEC, 0, first, mid);
-       vec->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_VEC, SVs_PADTMP);
-       ((LISTOP *)vec)->op_last = last;
-       op_null(((LISTOP *)vec)->op_first);
+                       av = newAV();
+                       if (lim) {
+                               av_extend(av, lim - 1);
+                               for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
+                                       av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(ps->named_required.data[i].name));
+                               }
+                       }
 
-       return vec;
-}
+                       mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
+               }
+               /* 6 */ {
+                       size_t i, lim;
+                       AV *av;
 
-static OP *mkargselem(pTHX_ OP *index) {
-       OP *args = newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
-       args->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
+                       lim = ps->named_optional.used;
 
-       return newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, args, index);
-}
+                       av = newAV();
+                       if (lim) {
+                               av_extend(av, lim - 1);
+                               for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
+                                       av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(ps->named_optional.data[i].param.name));
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
+               }
+               /* 7 */ {
+                       if (ps->slurpy.name) {
+                               PUSHs(ps->slurpy.name);
+                       } else {
+                               PUSHmortal;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       PUTBACK;
+
+       call_pv(MY_PKG "::_register_info", G_VOID);
 
-static OP *mkargselemv(pTHX_ PADOFFSET v) {
-       return mkargselem(aTHX_ my_var(aTHX_ 0, v));
+       FREETMPS;
+       LEAVE;
 }
 
-static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len, const KWSpec *spec) {
+static int parse_fun(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len, const KWSpec *spec) {
        ParamSpec *param_spec;
        SV *declarator;
        I32 floor_ix;
@@ -753,7 +915,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
        unsigned builtin_attrs;
        I32 c;
 
-       declarator = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(keyword_ptr, keyword_len));
+       declarator = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvn(keyword_ptr, keyword_len));
 
        lex_read_space(0);
 
@@ -761,7 +923,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
 
        /* function name */
        saw_name = NULL;
-       if ((spec->flags & FLAG_NAME_OK) && (saw_name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ TRUE))) {
+       if ((spec->flags & FLAG_NAME_OK) && (saw_name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, TRUE))) {
 
                if (PL_parser->expect != XSTATE) {
                        /* bail out early so we don't predeclare $saw_name */
@@ -798,7 +960,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
        /* initialize synthetic optree */
        Newx(prelude_sentinel, 1, OP *);
        *prelude_sentinel = NULL;
-       SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(free_ptr_op, prelude_sentinel);
+       sentinel_register(sen, prelude_sentinel, free_ptr_op);
 
        /* parameters */
        param_spec = NULL;
@@ -809,11 +971,11 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
 
                Newx(init_sentinel, 1, OP *);
                *init_sentinel = NULL;
-               SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(free_ptr_op, init_sentinel);
+               sentinel_register(sen, init_sentinel, free_ptr_op);
 
                Newx(param_spec, 1, ParamSpec);
                ps_init(param_spec);
-               SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(ps_free_void, param_spec);
+               sentinel_register(sen, param_spec, ps_free_void);
 
                lex_read_unichar(0);
                lex_read_space(0);
@@ -824,7 +986,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                        char sigil;
                        PADOFFSET padoff;
 
-                       padoff = parse_param(aTHX_ declarator, spec, param_spec, &flags, &name, init_sentinel);
+                       padoff = parse_param(aTHX_ sen, declarator, spec, param_spec, &flags, &name, init_sentinel);
 
                        S_intro_my(aTHX);
 
@@ -953,19 +1115,23 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                        c = ':';
                } else {
                        lex_read_unichar(0);
-                       if (!(proto = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ FALSE))) {
+                       if (!(proto = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ sen, FALSE))) {
                                croak("In %"SVf": prototype not terminated", SVfARG(declarator));
                        }
-                       my_check_prototype(aTHX_ declarator, proto);
+                       my_check_prototype(aTHX_ sen, declarator, proto);
                        lex_read_space(0);
                        c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+                       if (!(c == ':' || c == '{')) {
+                               lex_stuff_pvs(":", 0);
+                               c = ':';
+                       }
                }
        }
 
        /* attributes */
        Newx(attrs_sentinel, 1, OP *);
        *attrs_sentinel = NULL;
-       SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(free_ptr_op, attrs_sentinel);
+       sentinel_register(sen, attrs_sentinel, free_ptr_op);
 
        if (c == ':' || c == '{') /* '}' - hi, vim */ {
 
@@ -983,7 +1149,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                        for (;;) {
                                SV *attr;
 
-                               if (!(attr = my_scan_word(aTHX_ FALSE))) {
+                               if (!(attr = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, FALSE))) {
                                        break;
                                }
 
@@ -1001,7 +1167,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                } else {
                                        SV *sv;
                                        lex_read_unichar(0);
-                                       if (!(sv = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ TRUE))) {
+                                       if (!(sv = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ sen, TRUE))) {
                                                croak("In %"SVf": unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list", SVfARG(declarator));
                                        }
                                        sv_catpvs(attr, "(");
@@ -1013,7 +1179,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                }
 
                                if (attr) {
-                                       *attrs_sentinel = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *attrs_sentinel, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(attr)));
+                                       *attrs_sentinel = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *attrs_sentinel, mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(attr)));
                                }
 
                                if (c == ':') {
@@ -1041,8 +1207,8 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
 
                newATTRSUB(
                        sub_ix,
-                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)),
-                       proto ? newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(proto)) : NULL,
+                       mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)),
+                       proto ? mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(proto)) : NULL,
                        NULL,
                        NULL
                );
@@ -1067,23 +1233,26 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                if (amin > 0) {
                        OP *chk, *cond, *err, *croak;
 
-                       err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
-                                         newSVpvf("Not enough arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amin));
-                       err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0,
-                                          err,
-                                          newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)));
-                       err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0,
-                                          err,
-                                          newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(")")));
+                       err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("Not enough arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amin));
+                       err = newBINOP(
+                               OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                               err,
+                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv))
+                       );
+                       err = newBINOP(
+                               OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                               err,
+                               mkconstpvs(")")
+                       );
 
                        croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
-                                            newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
+                                        newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
                        err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                         op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
+                                     op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
 
                        cond = newBINOP(OP_LT, 0,
-                                           newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                           newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(amin)));
+                                       newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                       mkconstiv(aTHX_ amin));
                        chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
 
                        *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk));
@@ -1093,23 +1262,30 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                if (amax >= 0) {
                        OP *chk, *cond, *err, *croak;
 
-                       err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
-                                         newSVpvf("Too many arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amax));
-                       err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0,
-                                          err,
-                                          newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)));
-                       err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0,
-                                          err,
-                                          newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(")")));
+                       err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("Too many arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amax));
+                       err = newBINOP(
+                               OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                               err,
+                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv))
+                       );
+                       err = newBINOP(
+                               OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                               err,
+                               mkconstpvs(")")
+                       );
 
-                       croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
-                                            newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
+                       croak = newCVREF(
+                               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+                       );
                        err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                         op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
+                       op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
 
-                       cond = newBINOP(OP_GT, 0,
-                                           newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                           newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(amax)));
+                       cond = newBINOP(
+                               OP_GT, 0,
+                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                               mkconstiv(aTHX_ amax)
+                       );
                        chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
 
                        *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk));
@@ -1119,30 +1295,27 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                        OP *chk, *cond, *err, *croak;
                        const UV fixed = count_positional_params(param_spec) + !!param_spec->invocant.name;
 
-                       err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
-                                         newSVpvf("Odd number of paired arguments for %"SVf"", SVfARG(declarator)));
+                       err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("Odd number of paired arguments for %"SVf"", SVfARG(declarator)));
 
-                       croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
-                                            newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
+                       croak = newCVREF(
+                               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+                       );
                        err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                         op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
+                       op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
 
                        cond = newBINOP(OP_GT, 0,
-                                           fixed
-                                           ? newBINOP(OP_SUBTRACT, 0,
-                                                      newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                                      newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv(fixed)))
-                                           : newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                           newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)));
+                                       newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                       mkconstiv(aTHX_ fixed));
                        cond = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0,
-                                           cond,
-                                           newBINOP(OP_MODULO, 0,
-                                                    fixed
-                                                    ? newBINOP(OP_SUBTRACT, 0,
-                                                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv(fixed)))
-                                                    : newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                                    newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(2))));
+                                       cond,
+                                       newBINOP(OP_MODULO, 0,
+                                                fixed
+                                                ? newBINOP(OP_SUBTRACT, 0,
+                                                           newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                                           mkconstiv(aTHX_ fixed))
+                                                : newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                                mkconstiv(aTHX_ 2)));
                        chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
 
                        *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk));
@@ -1203,23 +1376,58 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
                        }
 
-                       if (param_spec->slurpy.name) {
-                               if (count_named_params(param_spec)) {
-                                       OP *const var = my_var_g(
-                                               aTHX_
-                                               SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@' ? OP_PADAV : OP_PADHV,
-                                               OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
-                                               param_spec->slurpy.padoff
-                                       );
-                                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+                       {
+                               PADOFFSET padoff;
+                               I32 type;
+                               bool slurpy_hash;
+
+                               /*
+                                * cases:
+                                *  1) no named params
+                                *   1.1) slurpy
+                                *       => put it in
+                                *   1.2) no slurpy
+                                *       => nop
+                                *  2) named params
+                                *   2.1) no slurpy
+                                *       => synthetic %{rest}
+                                *   2.2) slurpy is a hash
+                                *       => put it in
+                                *   2.3) slurpy is an array
+                                *       => synthetic %{rest}
+                                *          remember to declare array later
+                                */
+
+                               slurpy_hash = param_spec->slurpy.name && SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '%';
+                               if (!count_named_params(param_spec)) {
+                                       if (param_spec->slurpy.name) {
+                                               padoff = param_spec->slurpy.padoff;
+                                               type = slurpy_hash ? OP_PADHV : OP_PADAV;
+                                       } else {
+                                               padoff = NOT_IN_PAD;
+                                               type = OP_PADSV;
+                                       }
+                               } else if (slurpy_hash) {
+                                       padoff = param_spec->slurpy.padoff;
+                                       type = OP_PADHV;
                                } else {
+                                       padoff = param_spec->rest_hash = pad_add_name_pvs("%{rest}", 0, NULL, NULL);
+                                       type = OP_PADHV;
+                               }
+
+                               if (padoff != NOT_IN_PAD) {
                                        OP *const var = my_var_g(
                                                aTHX_
-                                               SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@' ? OP_PADAV : OP_PADHV,
+                                               type,
                                                OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
-                                               param_spec->slurpy.padoff
+                                               padoff
                                        );
+
                                        lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
+
+                                       if (type == OP_PADHV) {
+                                               param_spec->rest_hash = padoff;
+                                       }
                                }
                        }
 
@@ -1238,7 +1446,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                        }
                }
 
-               /* default arguments */
+               /* default positional arguments */
                {
                        size_t i, lim, req;
                        OP *nest;
@@ -1253,7 +1461,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                cond = newBINOP(
                                        OP_LT, 0,
                                        newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(req + i + 1))
+                                       mkconstiv(aTHX_ req + i + 1)
                                );
 
                                var = my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->param.padoff);
@@ -1279,413 +1487,143 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
 
                /* named parameters */
                if (count_named_params(param_spec)) {
-                       int nameblock_ix;
-                       OP *nameblock;
-                       PADOFFSET vb, vc, vi, vk;
-                       int vb_is_str, vc_is_str;
-
-                       {
-                               OP *lhs;
-                               size_t i, lim;
+                       size_t i, lim;
 
-                               lhs = NULL;
+                       assert(param_spec->rest_hash != NOT_IN_PAD);
 
-                               for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
-                                       OP *const var = my_var(
-                                               aTHX_
-                                               OPf_MOD | OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
-                                               param_spec->named_required.data[i].padoff
-                                       );
-                                       lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
-                               }
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               Param *cur = &param_spec->named_required.data[i];
+                               size_t n;
+                               char *p = SvPV(cur->name, n);
+                               OP *var, *cond;
 
-                               for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
-                                       OP *const var = my_var(
-                                               aTHX_
-                                               OPf_MOD | OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
-                                               param_spec->named_optional.data[i].param.padoff
-                                       );
-                                       lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
-                               }
+                               cond = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
 
-                               lhs->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
-                               *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(
-                                       OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel,
-                                       lhs
-                               );
-                       }
+                               if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
+                                       OP *croak, *msg;
 
-                       nameblock = NULL;
-                       nameblock_ix = S_block_start(aTHX_ TRUE);
+                                       var = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
+                                       var = newUNOP(OP_DELETE, 0, var);
 
-                       {
-                               OP *decl, *var;
+                                       msg = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("In %"SVf": missing named parameter: %.*s", SVfARG(declarator), (int)(n - 1), p + 1));
+                                       croak = newCVREF(
+                                               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                                               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+                                       );
+                                       croak = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, msg, croak));
 
-                               decl = NULL;
+                                       cond = newUNOP(OP_EXISTS, 0, cond);
 
-                               vb_is_str = param_spec->named_required.used > UV_BITS;
-                               if (!param_spec->named_required.used || !(spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS)) {
-                                       vb = 0;
-                               } else {
-                                       var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
-                                       var->op_targ = vb = pad_add_name_pvs("$__B", 0, NULL, NULL);
-                                       var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, vb_is_str ? newSVpvs("") : newSVuv(0)));
-                                       decl = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, decl, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+                                       cond = newCONDOP(0, cond, var, croak);
                                }
 
-                               vc_is_str = param_spec->named_optional.used > UV_BITS;
-                               if (!param_spec->named_optional.used) {
-                                       vc = 0;
-                               } else {
-                                       var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
-                                       var->op_targ = vc = pad_add_name_pvs("$__C", 0, NULL, NULL);
-                                       var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, vc_is_str ? newSVpvs("") : newSVuv(0)));
-                                       decl = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, decl, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
-                               }
-
-                               var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
-                               var->op_targ = vk = pad_add_name_pvs("$__K", 0, NULL, NULL);
-                               decl = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, decl, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
-
-                               var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
-                               var->op_targ = vi = pad_add_name_pvs("$__I", 0, NULL, NULL);
-                               var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(count_positional_params(param_spec))));
-                               decl = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, decl, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+                               var = my_var(
+                                       aTHX_
+                                       OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                       cur->padoff
+                               );
+                               var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, cond);
 
-                               //S_intro_my(aTHX);
-                               nameblock = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, nameblock, decl);
+                               *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
                        }
 
-                       {
-                               OP *loop;
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               ParamInit *cur = &param_spec->named_optional.data[i];
+                               size_t n;
+                               char *p = SvPV(cur->param.name, n);
+                               OP *var, *cond;
 
-                               loop = NULL;
+                               var = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
+                               var = newUNOP(OP_DELETE, 0, var);
 
-                               loop = op_append_list(
-                                       OP_LINESEQ,
-                                       loop,
-                                       newSTATEOP(
-                                               0, NULL,
-                                               newASSIGNOP(
-                                                       OPf_STACKED,
-                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk),
-                                                       0,
-                                                       mkargselemv(aTHX_ vi)
-                                               )
-                                       )
-                               );
+                               cond = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
+                               cond = newUNOP(OP_EXISTS, 0, cond);
 
-                               {
-                                       OP *nest;
-                                       size_t i;
-
-                                       if (param_spec->slurpy.name) {
-                                               if (SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@') {
-                                                       OP *first, *mid, *last;
-
-                                                       last = mkargselem(
-                                                               aTHX_
-                                                               newBINOP(
-                                                                       OP_ADD, 0,
-                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
-                                                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
-                                                               )
-                                                       );
-                                                       mid = last;
-
-                                                       first = my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk);
-                                                       first->op_sibling = mid;
-                                                       mid = first;
-
-                                                       first = my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADAV, 0, param_spec->slurpy.padoff);
-                                                       first->op_sibling = mid;
-                                                       mid = first;
-
-                                                       first = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
-                                                       nest = newLISTOP(OP_PUSH, 0, first, mid);
-                                                       nest->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_PUSH, SVs_PADTMP);
-                                                       ((LISTOP *)nest)->op_last = last;
-                                               } else {
-                                                       nest = newASSIGNOP(
-                                                               OPf_STACKED,
-                                                               newBINOP(
-                                                                       OP_HELEM, 0,
-                                                                       my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->slurpy.padoff),
-                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk)
-                                                               ),
-                                                               0,
-                                                               mkargselem(
-                                                                       aTHX_
-                                                                       newBINOP(
-                                                                               OP_ADD, 0,
-                                                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
-                                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
-                                                                       )
-                                                               )
-                                                       );
-                                               }
-                                       } else if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
-                                               OP *err, *croak;
-
-                                               err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
-                                                             newSVpvf("In %"SVf": no such named parameter: ", SVfARG(declarator)));
-                                               err = newBINOP(
-                                                       OP_CONCAT, 0,
-                                                       err,
-                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk)
-                                               );
-
-                                               croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
-                                                                newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
-                                               nest = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                                              op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
-                                       } else {
-                                               nest = NULL;
-                                       }
+                               cond = newCONDOP(0, cond, var, cur->init);
+                               cur->init = NULL;
 
-                                       for (i = param_spec->named_optional.used; i--; ) {
-                                               Param *cur = &param_spec->named_optional.data[i].param;
-                                               size_t dn;
-                                               char *dp = SvPV(cur->name, dn);
-                                               OP *vec;
-
-                                               if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS)) {
-                                                       vec = NULL;
-                                               } else if (vc_is_str) {
-                                                       vec = newASSIGNOP(
-                                                               OPf_STACKED,
-                                                               mkvecbits(aTHX_ vc, i),
-                                                               0,
-                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
-                                                       );
-                                               } else {
-                                                       vec = newASSIGNOP(
-                                                               OPf_STACKED,
-                                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vc),
-                                                               OP_BIT_OR,
-                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv((UV)1 << i))
-                                                       );
-                                               }
+                               var = my_var(
+                                       aTHX_
+                                       OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                       cur->param.padoff
+                               );
+                               var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, cond);
 
-                                               nest = newCONDOP(
-                                                       0,
-                                                       newBINOP(
-                                                               OP_SEQ, 0,
-                                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk),
-                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvn_utf8(dp + 1, dn - 1, SvUTF8(cur->name)))
-                                                       ),
-                                                       op_append_list(
-                                                               OP_LINESEQ,
-                                                               newASSIGNOP(
-                                                                       OPf_STACKED,
-                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->padoff),
-                                                                       0,
-                                                                       mkargselem(
-                                                                               aTHX_
-                                                                               newBINOP(
-                                                                                       OP_ADD, 0,
-                                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
-                                                                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
-                                                                               )
-                                                                       )
-                                                               ),
-                                                               vec
-                                                       ),
-                                                       nest
-                                               );
-                                       }
+                               *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+                       }
 
-                                       for (i = param_spec->named_required.used; i--; ) {
-                                               Param *cur = &param_spec->named_required.data[i];
-                                               size_t dn;
-                                               char *dp = SvPV(cur->name, dn);
-                                               OP *vec;
-
-                                               if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS)) {
-                                                       vec = NULL;
-                                               } else if (vb_is_str) {
-                                                       vec = newASSIGNOP(
-                                                               OPf_STACKED,
-                                                               mkvecbits(aTHX_ vb, i),
-                                                               0,
-                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
-                                                       );
-                                               } else {
-                                                       vec = newASSIGNOP(
-                                                               OPf_STACKED,
-                                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vb),
-                                                               OP_BIT_OR,
-                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv((UV)1 << i))
-                                                       );
-                                               }
+                       if (!param_spec->slurpy.name) {
+                               if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
+                                       /* croak if %{rest} */
+                                       OP *croak, *cond, *keys, *msg;
 
-                                               nest = newCONDOP(
-                                                       0,
-                                                       newBINOP(
-                                                               OP_SEQ, 0,
-                                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk),
-                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvn_utf8(dp + 1, dn - 1, SvUTF8(cur->name)))
-                                                       ),
-                                                       op_append_list(
-                                                               OP_LINESEQ,
-                                                               newASSIGNOP(
-                                                                       OPf_STACKED,
-                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->padoff),
-                                                                       0,
-                                                                       mkargselem(
-                                                                               aTHX_
-                                                                               newBINOP(
-                                                                                       OP_ADD, 0,
-                                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
-                                                                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
-                                                                               )
-                                                                       )
-                                                               ),
-                                                               vec
-                                                       ),
-                                                       nest
-                                               );
-                                       }
+                                       keys = newUNOP(OP_KEYS, 0, my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash));
+                                       keys = newLISTOP(OP_SORT, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0), keys);
+                                       {
+                                               OP *first, *mid, *last;
 
-                                       loop = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, loop, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, nest));
-                               }
+                                               last = keys;
 
-                               loop = newWHILEOP(
-                                       0, 1,
-                                       NULL,
-                                       newBINOP(
-                                               OP_LT, 0,
-                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
-                                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv))
-                                       ),
-                                       loop,
-                                       newASSIGNOP(
-                                               OPf_STACKED,
-                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
-                                               OP_ADD,
-                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(2))
-                                       ),
-                                       0
-                               );
+                                               mid = mkconstpvs(", ");
+                                               mid->op_sibling = last;
 
-                               nameblock = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, nameblock, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, loop));
-                       }
+                                               first = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
 
-                       if (param_spec->named_required.used && (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS)) {
-                               OP *cond, *err, *croak, *join;
-
-                               {
-                                       size_t i, lim;
-                                       OP *first, *mid, *last;
-
-                                       last = newNULLLIST();
-                                       mid = last;
-
-                                       for (i = param_spec->named_required.used; i--; ) {
-                                               OP *cur;
-                                               SV *sv = param_spec->named_required.data[i].name;
-                                               size_t n;
-                                               char *p = SvPV(sv, n);
-                                               cur = newCONDOP(
-                                                       0,
-                                                       vb_is_str
-                                                               ? mkvecbits(aTHX_ vb, i)
-                                                               : newBINOP(OP_BIT_AND, 0, my_var(aTHX_ 0, vb), newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv((UV)1 << i)))
-                                                       ,
-                                                       newNULLLIST(),
-                                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvn_utf8(p + 1, n - 1, SvUTF8(sv)))
-                                               );
-                                               cur->op_sibling = mid;
-                                               mid = cur;
+                                               keys = newLISTOP(OP_JOIN, 0, first, mid);
+                                               keys->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_JOIN, SVs_PADTMP);
+                                               ((LISTOP *)keys)->op_last = last;
                                        }
 
-                                       first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(", "));
-                                       first->op_sibling = mid;
-                                       mid = first;
+                                       msg = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("In %"SVf": no such named parameter: ", SVfARG(declarator)));
+                                       msg = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0, msg, keys);
 
-                                       first = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
-
-                                       join = newLISTOP(OP_JOIN, 0, first, mid);
-                                       join->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_JOIN, SVs_PADTMP);
-                                       ((LISTOP *)join)->op_last = last;
-                               }
-
-                               err = newSVOP(
-                                       OP_CONST, 0,
-                                       newSVpvf("In %"SVf": missing named parameter(s): ", SVfARG(declarator))
-                               );
-                               err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0, err, join);
-                               croak = newCVREF(
-                                       OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
-                                       newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
-                               );
-                               err = newUNOP(
-                                       OP_ENTERSUB,
-                                       OPf_STACKED,
-                                       op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak)
-                               );
-                               if (vb_is_str) {
-                                       cond = newBINOP(
-                                               OP_SNE, 0,
-                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vb),
-                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, mkbits1(aTHX_ param_spec->named_required.used))
-                                       );
-                               } else {
-                                       cond = newBINOP(
-                                               OP_NE, 0,
-                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vb),
-                                               newSVOP(
-                                                       OP_CONST, 0,
-                                                       newSVuv(
-                                                               param_spec->named_required.used == UV_BITS
-                                                               ? ~(UV)0
-                                                               : ((UV)1 << param_spec->named_required.used) - 1
-                                                       )
-                                               )
+                                       croak = newCVREF(
+                                               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                                               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
                                        );
-                               }
-                               err = newCONDOP(
-                                       0,
-                                       cond,
-                                       err,
-                                       NULL
-                               );
-
-                               nameblock = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, nameblock, err);
-                       }
+                                       croak = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, msg, croak));
 
-                       if (param_spec->named_optional.used) {
-                               size_t i, lim;
+                                       cond = newUNOP(OP_KEYS, 0, my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash));
+                                       croak = newCONDOP(0, cond, croak, NULL);
 
-                               for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
-                                       ParamInit *const cur = &param_spec->named_optional.data[i];
-                                       OP *init, *cond;
+                                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, croak));
+                               } else {
+                                       OP *clear;
 
-                                       init = newASSIGNOP(
+                                       clear = newASSIGNOP(
                                                OPf_STACKED,
-                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->param.padoff),
+                                               my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash),
                                                0,
-                                               cur->init
+                                               newNULLLIST()
                                        );
-                                       cur->init = NULL;
 
-                                       cond = newUNOP(
-                                               OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL,
-                                               vc_is_str
-                                               ? mkvecbits(aTHX_ vc, i)
-                                               : newBINOP(OP_BIT_AND, 0, my_var(aTHX_ 0, vc), newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv((UV)1 << i)))
-                                       );
+                                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, clear));
+                               }
+                       } else if (param_spec->slurpy.padoff != param_spec->rest_hash) {
+                               OP *var, *clear;
 
-                                       init = newCONDOP(0, cond, init, NULL);
+                               assert(SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@');
 
-                                       nameblock = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, nameblock, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, init));
-                               }
-                       }
+                               var = my_var_g(
+                                       aTHX_
+                                       OP_PADAV,
+                                       OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                       param_spec->slurpy.padoff
+                               );
+
+                               var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash));
 
-                       nameblock = S_block_end(aTHX_ nameblock_ix, nameblock);
-                       nameblock = op_scope(nameblock);
+                               *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
 
-                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, nameblock);
+                               clear = newASSIGNOP(
+                                       OPf_STACKED,
+                                       my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash),
+                                       0,
+                                       newNULLLIST()
+                               );
+
+                               *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, clear));
+                       }
                }
        }
 
@@ -1704,57 +1642,81 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
 
        /* it's go time. */
        {
+               CV *cv;
                OP *const attrs = *attrs_sentinel;
                *attrs_sentinel = NULL;
+
                SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 
                /* close outer block: '}' */
                S_block_end(aTHX_ save_ix, body);
 
-               if (!saw_name) {
-                       *pop = newANONATTRSUB(
-                               floor_ix,
-                               proto ? newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(proto)) : NULL,
-                               attrs,
-                               body
-                       );
-                       return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_EXPR;
-               }
-
-               newATTRSUB(
+               cv = newATTRSUB(
                        floor_ix,
-                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)),
+                       saw_name ? newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)) : NULL,
                        proto ? newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(proto)) : NULL,
                        attrs,
                        body
                );
-               *pop = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
-               return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_STMT;
+
+               register_info(aTHX_ PTR2UV(CvROOT(cv)), declarator, spec, param_spec);
+
+               if (saw_name) {
+                       *pop = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
+                       return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_STMT;
+               }
+
+               *pop = newUNOP(
+                       OP_REFGEN, 0,
+                       newSVOP(
+                               OP_ANONCODE, 0,
+                               (SV *)cv
+                       )
+               );
+               return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_EXPR;
        }
 }
 
 static int my_keyword_plugin(pTHX_ char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len, OP **op_ptr) {
        KWSpec spec;
        int ret;
+       Sentinel sen = { NULL };
 
+       ENTER;
        SAVETMPS;
 
-       if (kw_flags(aTHX_ keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec)) {
-               ret = parse_fun(aTHX_ op_ptr, keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec);
+       SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(sentinel_clear_void, sen);
+
+       if (kw_flags(aTHX_ sen, keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec)) {
+               ret = parse_fun(aTHX_ sen, op_ptr, keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec);
        } else {
                ret = next_keyword_plugin(aTHX_ keyword_ptr, keyword_len, op_ptr);
        }
 
        FREETMPS;
+       LEAVE;
 
        return ret;
 }
 
 WARNINGS_RESET
 
-MODULE = Function::Parameters   PACKAGE = Function::Parameters
+MODULE = Function::Parameters   PACKAGE = Function::Parameters   PREFIX = fp_
 PROTOTYPES: ENABLE
 
+UV
+fp__cv_root(sv)
+       SV * sv
+       PREINIT:
+               CV *cv;
+               HV *hv;
+               GV *gv;
+       CODE:
+               cv = sv_2cv(sv, &hv, &gv, 0);
+               RETVAL = PTR2UV(cv ? CvROOT(cv) : NULL);
+       OUTPUT:
+               RETVAL
+
 BOOT:
 WARNINGS_ENABLE {
        HV *const stash = gv_stashpvs(MY_PKG, GV_ADD);