fix broken build
[p5sagit/Function-Parameters.git] / Parameters.xs
index 1dda3ad..bf5192f 100644 (file)
@@ -62,6 +62,22 @@ WARNINGS_ENABLE
  #define IF_HAVE_PERL_5_16(YES, NO) NO
 #endif
 
+#if 0
+ #if HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 17, 6)
+  #error "internal error: missing definition of KEY_my (your perl is too new)"
+ #elif HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 15, 8)
+  #define S_KEY_my 134
+ #elif HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 15, 6)
+  #define S_KEY_my 133
+ #elif HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 15, 5)
+  #define S_KEY_my 132
+ #elif HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 13, 0)
+  #define S_KEY_my 131
+ #else
+  #error "internal error: missing definition of KEY_my (your perl is too old)"
+ #endif
+#endif
+
 
 #define MY_PKG "Function::Parameters"
 
@@ -72,18 +88,15 @@ WARNINGS_ENABLE
 
 #define DEFSTRUCT(T) typedef struct T T; struct T
 
-DEFSTRUCT(DefaultParamSpec) {
-       DefaultParamSpec *next;
-       int limit;
-       SV *name;
-       OP *init;
-};
+#define UV_BITS (sizeof (UV) * CHAR_BIT)
 
 enum {
        FLAG_NAME_OK      = 0x01,
        FLAG_ANON_OK      = 0x02,
        FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS = 0x04,
-       FLAG_CHECK_NARGS  = 0x08
+       FLAG_CHECK_NARGS  = 0x08,
+       FLAG_INVOCANT     = 0x10,
+       FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS = 0x20
 };
 
 DEFSTRUCT(KWSpec) {
@@ -156,15 +169,6 @@ static int kw_flags(pTHX_ const char *kw_ptr, STRLEN kw_len, KWSpec *spec) {
 }
 
 
-#include "toke_on_crack.c.inc"
-
-
-static void free_defspec(pTHX_ void *vp) {
-       DefaultParamSpec *dp = vp;
-       op_free(dp->init);
-       Safefree(dp);
-}
-
 static void free_ptr_op(pTHX_ void *vp) {
        OP **pp = vp;
        op_free(*pp);
@@ -183,52 +187,570 @@ static int my_sv_eq_pvn(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *p, STRLEN n) {
 #include "padop_on_crack.c.inc"
 
 
-#if 0
-static PADOFFSET pad_add_my_sv(SV *name) {
-       PADOFFSET offset;
-       SV *namesv, *myvar;
-       char *p;
+enum {
+       MY_ATTR_LVALUE = 0x01,
+       MY_ATTR_METHOD = 0x02,
+       MY_ATTR_SPECIAL = 0x04
+};
+
+static void my_sv_cat_c(pTHX_ SV *sv, U32 c) {
+       char ds[UTF8_MAXBYTES + 1], *d;
+       d = uvchr_to_utf8(ds, c);
+       if (d - ds > 1) {
+               sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
+       }
+       sv_catpvn(sv, ds, d - ds);
+}
+
+static bool my_is_uni_xidfirst(pTHX_ UV c) {
+       U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES + 1];
+       uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, c);
+       return is_utf8_xidfirst(tmpbuf);
+}
+
+static bool my_is_uni_xidcont(pTHX_ UV c) {
+       U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES + 1];
+       uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, c);
+       return is_utf8_xidcont(tmpbuf);
+}
+
+static SV *my_scan_word(pTHX_ bool allow_package) {
+       bool at_start, at_substart;
+       I32 c;
+       SV *sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+       if (lex_bufutf8()) {
+               SvUTF8_on(sv);
+       }
+
+       at_start = at_substart = TRUE;
+       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+
+       while (c != -1) {
+               if (at_substart ? my_is_uni_xidfirst(aTHX_ c) : my_is_uni_xidcont(aTHX_ c)) {
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ sv, c);
+                       at_substart = FALSE;
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+               } else if (allow_package && !at_substart && c == '\'') {
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+                       if (!my_is_uni_xidfirst(aTHX_ c)) {
+                               lex_stuff_pvs("'", 0);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       sv_catpvs(sv, "'");
+                       at_substart = TRUE;
+               } else if (allow_package && (at_start || !at_substart) && c == ':') {
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       if (lex_peek_unichar(0) != ':') {
+                               lex_stuff_pvs(":", 0);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+                       if (!my_is_uni_xidfirst(aTHX_ c)) {
+                               lex_stuff_pvs("::", 0);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       sv_catpvs(sv, "::");
+                       at_substart = TRUE;
+               } else {
+                       break;
+               }
+               at_start = FALSE;
+       }
+
+       return SvCUR(sv) ? sv : NULL;
+}
+
+static SV *my_scan_parens_tail(pTHX_ bool keep_backslash) {
+       I32 c, nesting;
+       SV *sv;
+       line_t start;
+
+       start = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
+
+       sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+       if (lex_bufutf8()) {
+               SvUTF8_on(sv);
+       }
+
+       nesting = 0;
+       for (;;) {
+               c = lex_read_unichar(0);
+               if (c == EOF) {
+                       CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, start);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               if (c == '\\') {
+                       c = lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       if (c == EOF) {
+                               CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, start);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       if (keep_backslash || (c != '(' && c != ')')) {
+                               sv_catpvs(sv, "\\");
+                       }
+               } else if (c == '(') {
+                       nesting++;
+               } else if (c == ')') {
+                       if (!nesting) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       nesting--;
+               }
+
+               my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ sv, c);
+       }
+
+       return sv;
+}
+
+static void my_check_prototype(pTHX_ const SV *declarator, SV *proto) {
+       char *start, *r, *w, *end;
        STRLEN len;
 
-       p = SvPV(name, len);
-       myvar = *av_fetch(PL_comppad, AvFILLp(PL_comppad) + 1, 1);
-       offset = AvFILLp(PL_comppad);
-       SvPADMY_on(myvar);
-       if (*p == '@') {
-               SvUPGRADE(myvar, SVt_PVAV);
-       } else if (*p == '%') {
-               SvUPGRADE(myvar, SVt_PVHV);
-       }
-       PL_curpad = AvARRAY(PL_comppad);
-       namesv = newSV_type(SVt_PVMG);
-       sv_setpvn(namesv, p, len);
-       COP_SEQ_RANGE_LOW_set(namesv, PL_cop_seqmax);
-       COP_SEQ_RANGE_HIGH_set(namesv, PERL_PADSEQ_INTRO);
-       PL_cop_seqmax++;
-       av_store(PL_comppad_name, offset, namesv);
-       return offset;
+       /* strip spaces */
+       start = SvPV(proto, len);
+       end = start + len;
+
+       for (w = r = start; r < end; r++) {
+               if (!isSPACE(*r)) {
+                       *w++ = *r;
+               }
+       }
+       *w = '\0';
+       SvCUR_set(proto, w - start);
+       end = w;
+       len = end - start;
+
+       if (!ckWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO)) {
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* check for bad characters */
+       if (strspn(start, "$@%*;[]&\\_+") != len) {
+               SV *dsv = newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP);
+               warner(
+                       packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
+                       "Illegal character in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
+                       SVfARG(declarator),
+                       SvUTF8(proto)
+                               ? sv_uni_display(
+                                       dsv,
+                                       proto,
+                                       len,
+                                       UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT
+                               )
+                               : pv_pretty(dsv, start, len, 60, NULL, NULL,
+                                       PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NONASCII
+                               )
+               );
+               return;
+       }
+
+       for (r = start; r < end; r++) {
+               switch (*r) {
+                       default:
+                               warner(
+                                       packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
+                                       "Illegal character in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
+                                       SVfARG(declarator), r
+                               );
+                               return;
+
+                       case '_':
+                               if (r[1] && !strchr(";@%", *r)) {
+                                       warner(
+                                               packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
+                                               "Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
+                                               SVfARG(declarator), r
+                                       );
+                                       return;
+                               }
+                               break;
+
+                       case '@':
+                       case '%':
+                               if (r[1]) {
+                                       warner(
+                                               packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
+                                               "prototype after '%c' for %"SVf": %s",
+                                               *r, SVfARG(declarator), r + 1
+                                       );
+                                       return;
+                               }
+                               break;
+
+                       case '\\':
+                               r++;
+                               if (strchr("$@%&*", *r)) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               if (*r == '[') {
+                                       r++;
+                                       for (; r < end && *r != ']'; r++) {
+                                               if (!strchr("$@%&*", *r)) {
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                                       if (*r == ']' && r[-1] != '[') {
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               warner(
+                                       packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
+                                       "Illegal character after '\\' in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
+                                       SVfARG(declarator), r
+                               );
+                               return;
+
+                       case '$':
+                       case '*':
+                       case '&':
+                       case ';':
+                       case '+':
+                               break;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+
+DEFSTRUCT(Param) {
+       SV *name;
+       PADOFFSET padoff;
+};
+
+DEFSTRUCT(ParamInit) {
+       Param param;
+       OP *init;
+};
+
+#define VEC(B) B ## _Vec
+
+#define DEFVECTOR(B) DEFSTRUCT(VEC(B)) { \
+       B (*data); \
+       size_t used, size; \
+}
+
+DEFVECTOR(Param);
+DEFVECTOR(ParamInit);
+
+#define DEFVECTOR_INIT(N, B) static void N(VEC(B) *p) { \
+       p->used = 0; \
+       p->size = 23; \
+       Newx(p->data, p->size, B); \
+} static void N(VEC(B) *)
+
+DEFSTRUCT(ParamSpec) {
+       Param invocant;
+       VEC(Param) positional_required;
+       VEC(ParamInit) positional_optional;
+       VEC(Param) named_required;
+       VEC(ParamInit) named_optional;
+       Param slurpy;
+};
+
+DEFVECTOR_INIT(pv_init, Param);
+DEFVECTOR_INIT(piv_init, ParamInit);
+
+static void p_init(Param *p) {
+       p->name = NULL;
+       p->padoff = NOT_IN_PAD;
+}
+
+static void ps_init(ParamSpec *ps) {
+       p_init(&ps->invocant);
+       pv_init(&ps->positional_required);
+       piv_init(&ps->positional_optional);
+       pv_init(&ps->named_required);
+       piv_init(&ps->named_optional);
+       p_init(&ps->slurpy);
+}
+
+#define DEFVECTOR_EXTEND(N, B) static B (*N(VEC(B) *p)) { \
+       assert(p->used <= p->size); \
+       if (p->used == p->size) { \
+               const size_t n = p->size / 2 * 3 + 1; \
+               Renew(p->data, n, B); \
+               p->size = n; \
+       } \
+       return &p->data[p->used]; \
+} static B (*N(VEC(B) *))
+
+DEFVECTOR_EXTEND(pv_extend, Param);
+DEFVECTOR_EXTEND(piv_extend, ParamInit);
+
+#define DEFVECTOR_CLEAR(N, B, F) static void N(pTHX_ VEC(B) *p) { \
+       while (p->used) { \
+               p->used--; \
+               F(aTHX_ &p->data[p->used]); \
+       } \
+       Safefree(p->data); \
+       p->data = NULL; \
+       p->size = 0; \
+} static void N(pTHX_ VEC(B) *)
+
+static void p_clear(pTHX_ Param *p) {
+       p->name = NULL;
+       p->padoff = NOT_IN_PAD;
+}
+
+static void pi_clear(pTHX_ ParamInit *pi) {
+       p_clear(aTHX_ &pi->param);
+       if (pi->init) {
+               op_free(pi->init);
+               pi->init = NULL;
+       }
+}
+
+DEFVECTOR_CLEAR(pv_clear, Param, p_clear);
+DEFVECTOR_CLEAR(piv_clear, ParamInit, pi_clear);
+
+static void ps_clear(pTHX_ ParamSpec *ps) {
+       p_clear(aTHX_ &ps->invocant);
+
+       pv_clear(aTHX_ &ps->positional_required);
+       piv_clear(aTHX_ &ps->positional_optional);
+
+       pv_clear(aTHX_ &ps->named_required);
+       piv_clear(aTHX_ &ps->named_optional);
+
+       p_clear(aTHX_ &ps->slurpy);
+}
+
+static int ps_contains(pTHX_ const ParamSpec *ps, SV *sv) {
+       size_t i, lim;
+
+       if (ps->invocant.name && sv_eq(sv, ps->invocant.name)) {
+               return 1;
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0, lim = ps->positional_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
+               if (sv_eq(sv, ps->positional_required.data[i].name)) {
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0, lim = ps->positional_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+               if (sv_eq(sv, ps->positional_optional.data[i].param.name)) {
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0, lim = ps->named_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
+               if (sv_eq(sv, ps->named_required.data[i].name)) {
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0, lim = ps->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+               if (sv_eq(sv, ps->named_optional.data[i].param.name)) {
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void ps_free_void(pTHX_ void *p) {
+       ps_clear(aTHX_ p);
+       Safefree(p);
+}
+
+static int args_min(pTHX_ const ParamSpec *ps, const KWSpec *ks) {
+       int n = 0;
+       if (!ps) {
+               return SvTRUE(ks->shift) ? 1 : 0;
+       }
+       if (ps->invocant.name) {
+               n++;
+       }
+       n += ps->positional_required.used;
+       n += ps->named_required.used * 2;
+       return n;
+}
+
+static int args_max(const ParamSpec *ps) {
+       int n = 0;
+       if (!ps) {
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if (ps->invocant.name) {
+               n++;
+       }
+       n += ps->positional_required.used;
+       n += ps->positional_optional.used;
+       if (ps->named_required.used || ps->named_optional.used || ps->slurpy.name) {
+               n = -1;
+       }
+       return n;
+}
+
+static size_t count_positional_params(const ParamSpec *ps) {
+       return ps->positional_required.used + ps->positional_optional.used;
+}
+
+static size_t count_named_params(const ParamSpec *ps) {
+       return ps->named_required.used + ps->named_optional.used;
 }
-#endif
 
 enum {
-       MY_ATTR_LVALUE = 0x01,
-       MY_ATTR_METHOD = 0x02,
-       MY_ATTR_SPECIAL = 0x04
+       PARAM_INVOCANT = 0x01,
+       PARAM_NAMED    = 0x02
 };
 
+/* *pinit must be NULL on entry.
+ * caller must free *pinit on error.
+ */
+static PADOFFSET parse_param(
+       pTHX_
+       const SV *declarator, const KWSpec *spec, ParamSpec *param_spec,
+       int *pflags, SV **pname, OP **pinit
+) {
+       I32 c;
+       char sigil;
+       SV *name;
+
+       assert(!*pinit);
+       *pflags = 0;
+
+       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+
+       if (c == ':') {
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+
+               *pflags |= PARAM_NAMED;
+
+               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+       }
+
+       if (c == -1) {
+               croak("In %"SVf": unterminated parameter list", SVfARG(declarator));
+       }
+       if (!(c == '$' || c == '@' || c == '%')) {
+               croak("In %"SVf": unexpected '%c' in parameter list (expecting a sigil)", SVfARG(declarator), (int)c);
+       }
+
+       sigil = c;
+
+       lex_read_unichar(0);
+       lex_read_space(0);
+
+       if (!(name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ FALSE))) {
+               croak("In %"SVf": missing identifier after '%c'", SVfARG(declarator), sigil);
+       }
+       sv_insert(name, 0, 0, &sigil, 1);
+       *pname = name;
+
+       lex_read_space(0);
+       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+
+       if (c == '=') {
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+
+
+               if (!param_spec->invocant.name && SvTRUE(spec->shift)) {
+                       param_spec->invocant.name = spec->shift;
+                       param_spec->invocant.padoff = pad_add_name_sv(param_spec->invocant.name, 0, NULL, NULL);
+               }
+
+               *pinit = parse_termexpr(0);
+
+               lex_read_space(0);
+               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+       }
+
+       if (c == ':') {
+               *pflags |= PARAM_INVOCANT;
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+       } else if (c == ',') {
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+       } else if (c != ')') {
+               if (c == -1) {
+                       croak("In %"SVf": unterminated parameter list", SVfARG(declarator));
+               }
+               croak("In %"SVf": unexpected '%c' in parameter list (expecting ',')", SVfARG(declarator), (int)c);
+       }
+
+       return pad_add_name_sv(*pname, IF_HAVE_PERL_5_16(padadd_NO_DUP_CHECK, 0), NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static OP *my_var_g(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, PADOFFSET padoff) {
+       OP *var = newOP(type, flags);
+       var->op_targ = padoff;
+       return var;
+}
+
+static OP *my_var(pTHX_ I32 flags, PADOFFSET padoff) {
+       return my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADSV, flags, padoff);
+}
+
+static SV *mkbits1(pTHX_ size_t n) {
+       size_t bytes = n / 8, bits = n % 8;
+       SV *sv = newSV(bytes + !!bits);
+       char *p = SvPVX(sv), *q = p;
+       while (bytes--) {
+               *p++ = '\xff';
+       }
+       if (bits) {
+               *p++ = (1u << bits) - 1;
+       }
+       *p = '\0';
+       SvCUR_set(sv, p - q);
+       SvPOK_on(sv);
+       return sv;
+}
+
+static OP *mkvecbits(pTHX_ PADOFFSET padoff, size_t i) {
+       OP *first, *mid, *last, *vec;
+
+       last = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1));
+       first = last;
+
+       mid = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(i));
+       mid->op_sibling = first;
+       first = mid;
+
+       mid = my_var(aTHX_ 0, padoff);
+       mid->op_sibling = first;
+
+       first = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
+
+       vec = newLISTOP(OP_VEC, 0, first, mid);
+       vec->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_VEC, SVs_PADTMP);
+       ((LISTOP *)vec)->op_last = last;
+       op_null(((LISTOP *)vec)->op_first);
+
+       return vec;
+}
+
+static OP *mkargselem(pTHX_ OP *index) {
+       OP *args = newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
+       args->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
+
+       return newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, args, index);
+}
+
+static OP *mkargselemv(pTHX_ PADOFFSET v) {
+       return mkargselem(aTHX_ my_var(aTHX_ 0, v));
+}
+
 static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len, const KWSpec *spec) {
+       ParamSpec *param_spec;
        SV *declarator;
        I32 floor_ix;
        int save_ix;
        SV *saw_name;
-       AV *params;
-       DefaultParamSpec *defaults;
-       int args_min, args_max;
+       OP **prelude_sentinel;
        SV *proto;
        OP **attrs_sentinel, *body;
        unsigned builtin_attrs;
-       STRLEN len;
-       char *s;
        I32 c;
 
        declarator = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(keyword_ptr, keyword_len));
@@ -239,9 +761,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
 
        /* function name */
        saw_name = NULL;
-       s = PL_parser->bufptr;
-       if ((spec->flags & FLAG_NAME_OK) && (len = S_scan_word(aTHX_ s, TRUE))) {
-               saw_name = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn_flags(s, len, PARSING_UTF ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
+       if ((spec->flags & FLAG_NAME_OK) && (saw_name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ TRUE))) {
 
                if (PL_parser->expect != XSTATE) {
                        /* bail out early so we don't predeclare $saw_name */
@@ -261,10 +781,9 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                        builtin_attrs |= MY_ATTR_SPECIAL;
                }
 
-               lex_read_to(s + len);
                lex_read_space(0);
        } else if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_ANON_OK)) {
-               croak("I was expecting a function name, not \"%.*s\"", (int)(PL_parser->bufend - s), s);
+               croak("I was expecting a function name, not \"%.*s\"", (int)(PL_parser->bufend - PL_parser->bufptr), PL_parser->bufptr);
        } else {
                sv_catpvs(declarator, " (anon)");
        }
@@ -276,103 +795,148 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
        /* create outer block: '{' */
        save_ix = S_block_start(aTHX_ TRUE);
 
+       /* initialize synthetic optree */
+       Newx(prelude_sentinel, 1, OP *);
+       *prelude_sentinel = NULL;
+       SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(free_ptr_op, prelude_sentinel);
+
        /* parameters */
-       params = NULL;
-       defaults = NULL;
-       args_min = 0;
-       args_max = -1;
+       param_spec = NULL;
 
        c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
        if (c == '(') {
-               DefaultParamSpec **pdefaults_tail = &defaults;
-               SV *saw_slurpy = NULL;
-               int param_count = 0;
-               args_max = 0;
+               OP **init_sentinel;
+
+               Newx(init_sentinel, 1, OP *);
+               *init_sentinel = NULL;
+               SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(free_ptr_op, init_sentinel);
+
+               Newx(param_spec, 1, ParamSpec);
+               ps_init(param_spec);
+               SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(ps_free_void, param_spec);
 
                lex_read_unichar(0);
                lex_read_space(0);
 
-               params = newAV();
-               sv_2mortal((SV *)params);
+               while ((c = lex_peek_unichar(0)) != ')') {
+                       int flags;
+                       SV *name;
+                       char sigil;
+                       PADOFFSET padoff;
 
-               for (;;) {
-                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
-                       if (c == '$' || c == '@' || c == '%') {
-                               const char sigil = c;
-                               SV *param;
+                       padoff = parse_param(aTHX_ declarator, spec, param_spec, &flags, &name, init_sentinel);
 
-                               param_count++;
+                       S_intro_my(aTHX);
 
-                               lex_read_unichar(0);
-                               lex_read_space(0);
+                       sigil = SvPV_nolen(name)[0];
 
-                               s = PL_parser->bufptr;
-                               if (!(len = S_scan_word(aTHX_ s, FALSE))) {
-                                       croak("In %"SVf": missing identifier", SVfARG(declarator));
+                       /* internal consistency */
+                       if (flags & PARAM_NAMED) {
+                               if (flags & PARAM_INVOCANT) {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" can't be a named parameter", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
                                }
-                               param = sv_2mortal(newSVpvf("%c%.*s", sigil, (int)len, s));
-                               if (saw_slurpy) {
-                                       croak("In %"SVf": I was expecting \")\" after \"%"SVf"\", not \"%"SVf"\"", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(saw_slurpy), SVfARG(param));
+                               if (sigil != '$') {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": named parameter %"SVf" can't be a%s", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name), sigil == '@' ? "n array" : " hash");
                                }
-                               if (sigil == '$') {
-                                       args_max++;
-                               } else {
-                                       args_max = -1;
-                                       saw_slurpy = param;
+                       } else if (flags & PARAM_INVOCANT) {
+                               if (*init_sentinel) {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" can't have a default value", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
                                }
-                               av_push(params, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(param));
-                               lex_read_to(s + len);
-                               lex_read_space(0);
-
-                               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+                               if (sigil != '$') {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" can't be a%s", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name), sigil == '@' ? "n array" : " hash");
+                               }
+                       } else if (sigil != '$' && *init_sentinel) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": %s %"SVf" can't have a default value", SVfARG(declarator), sigil == '@' ? "array" : "hash", SVfARG(name));
+                       }
 
-                               if (!(c == '=' && (spec->flags & FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS))) {
-                                       if (sigil == '$' && !defaults) {
-                                               args_min++;
-                                       }
-                               } else if (sigil != '$') {
-                                       croak("In %"SVf": %s %"SVf" can't have a default value", SVfARG(declarator), sigil == '@' ? "array" : "hash", SVfARG(saw_slurpy));
-                               } else {
-                                       DefaultParamSpec *curdef;
+                       /* external constraints */
+                       if (param_spec->slurpy.name) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": I was expecting \")\" after \"%"SVf"\", not \"%"SVf"\"", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(param_spec->slurpy.name), SVfARG(name));
+                       }
+                       if (sigil != '$') {
+                               assert(!*init_sentinel);
+                               param_spec->slurpy.name = name;
+                               param_spec->slurpy.padoff = padoff;
+                               continue;
+                       }
 
-                                       lex_read_unichar(0);
-                                       lex_read_space(0);
+                       if (!(flags & PARAM_NAMED) && count_named_params(param_spec)) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": positional parameter %"SVf" can't appear after named parameter %"SVf"", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name), SVfARG((param_spec->named_required.used ? param_spec->named_required.data[0] : param_spec->named_optional.data[0].param).name));
+                       }
 
-                                       Newx(curdef, 1, DefaultParamSpec);
-                                       curdef->next = NULL;
-                                       curdef->limit = param_count;
-                                       curdef->name = param;
-                                       curdef->init = NULL;
-                                       SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(free_defspec, curdef);
+                       if (flags & PARAM_INVOCANT) {
+                               if (param_spec->invocant.name) {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": invalid double invocants %"SVf", %"SVf"", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(param_spec->invocant.name), SVfARG(name));
+                               }
+                               if (count_positional_params(param_spec) || count_named_params(param_spec)) {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" must be first in parameter list", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
+                               }
+                               if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_INVOCANT)) {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" not allowed here", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
+                               }
+                               param_spec->invocant.name = name;
+                               param_spec->invocant.padoff = padoff;
+                               continue;
+                       }
 
-                                       curdef->next = *pdefaults_tail;
-                                       *pdefaults_tail = curdef;
-                                       pdefaults_tail = &curdef->next;
+                       if (*init_sentinel && !(spec->flags & FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS)) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": default argument for %"SVf" not allowed here", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
+                       }
 
-                                       /* let perl parse the default parameter value */
-                                       curdef->init = parse_termexpr(0);
+                       if (ps_contains(aTHX_ param_spec, name)) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": %"SVf" can't appear twice in the same parameter list", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
+                       }
 
-                                       lex_read_space(0);
-                                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+                       if (flags & PARAM_NAMED) {
+                               if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS)) {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": named parameter :%"SVf" not allowed here", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
                                }
 
-                               if (c == ',') {
-                                       lex_read_unichar(0);
-                                       lex_read_space(0);
-                                       continue;
+                               if (*init_sentinel) {
+                                       ParamInit *pi = piv_extend(&param_spec->named_optional);
+                                       pi->param.name = name;
+                                       pi->param.padoff = padoff;
+                                       pi->init = *init_sentinel;
+                                       *init_sentinel = NULL;
+                                       param_spec->named_optional.used++;
+                               } else {
+                                       if (param_spec->positional_optional.used) {
+                                               croak("In %"SVf": can't combine optional positional (%"SVf") and required named (%"SVf") parameters", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(param_spec->positional_optional.data[0].param.name), SVfARG(name));
+                                       }
+
+                                       Param *p = pv_extend(&param_spec->named_required);
+                                       p->name = name;
+                                       p->padoff = padoff;
+                                       param_spec->named_required.used++;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               if (*init_sentinel || param_spec->positional_optional.used) {
+                                       ParamInit *pi = piv_extend(&param_spec->positional_optional);
+                                       pi->param.name = name;
+                                       pi->param.padoff = padoff;
+                                       pi->init = *init_sentinel;
+                                       *init_sentinel = NULL;
+                                       param_spec->positional_optional.used++;
+                               } else {
+                                       Param *p = pv_extend(&param_spec->positional_required);
+                                       p->name = name;
+                                       p->padoff = padoff;
+                                       param_spec->positional_required.used++;
                                }
                        }
 
-                       if (c == ')') {
-                               lex_read_unichar(0);
-                               lex_read_space(0);
-                               break;
-                       }
+               }
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+               *init_sentinel = NULL;
 
-                       if (c == -1) {
-                               croak("In %"SVf": unexpected EOF in parameter list", SVfARG(declarator));
+               if (!param_spec->invocant.name && SvTRUE(spec->shift)) {
+                       if (ps_contains(aTHX_ param_spec, spec->shift)) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": %"SVf" can't appear twice in the same parameter list", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(spec->shift));
                        }
-                       croak("In %"SVf": unexpected '%c' in parameter list", SVfARG(declarator), (int)c);
+
+                       param_spec->invocant.name = spec->shift;
+                       param_spec->invocant.padoff = pad_add_name_sv(param_spec->invocant.name, 0, NULL, NULL);
                }
        }
 
@@ -388,11 +952,11 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                        lex_stuff_pvs(":", 0);
                        c = ':';
                } else {
-                       proto = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
-                       if (!S_scan_str(aTHX_ proto, FALSE, FALSE)) {
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       if (!(proto = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ FALSE))) {
                                croak("In %"SVf": prototype not terminated", SVfARG(declarator));
                        }
-                       S_check_prototype(aTHX_ declarator, proto);
+                       my_check_prototype(aTHX_ declarator, proto);
                        lex_read_space(0);
                        c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
                }
@@ -419,14 +983,10 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                        for (;;) {
                                SV *attr;
 
-                               s = PL_parser->bufptr;
-                               if (!(len = S_scan_word(aTHX_ s, FALSE))) {
+                               if (!(attr = my_scan_word(aTHX_ FALSE))) {
                                        break;
                                }
 
-                               attr = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn_flags(s, len, PARSING_UTF ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
-
-                               lex_read_to(s + len);
                                lex_read_space(0);
                                c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
 
@@ -439,11 +999,14 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                                attr = NULL;
                                        }
                                } else {
-                                       SV *sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
-                                       if (!S_scan_str(aTHX_ sv, TRUE, TRUE)) {
+                                       SV *sv;
+                                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                                       if (!(sv = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ TRUE))) {
                                                croak("In %"SVf": unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list", SVfARG(declarator));
                                        }
+                                       sv_catpvs(attr, "(");
                                        sv_catsv(attr, sv);
+                                       sv_catpvs(attr, ")");
 
                                        lex_read_space(0);
                                        c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
@@ -485,7 +1048,6 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                );
        }
 
-
        if (builtin_attrs & MY_ATTR_LVALUE) {
                CvLVALUE_on(PL_compcv);
        }
@@ -496,127 +1058,620 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
        }
 
-       /* munge */
-       {
-               OP *prelude = NULL;
+       /* check number of arguments */
+       if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
+               int amin, amax;
+               size_t named;
+
+               amin = args_min(aTHX_ param_spec, spec);
+               if (amin > 0) {
+                       OP *chk, *cond, *err, *croak;
+
+                       err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
+                                         newSVpvf("Not enough arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amin));
+                       err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                                          err,
+                                          newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)));
+                       err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                                          err,
+                                          newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(")")));
+
+                       croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                                            newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
+                       err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
+                                         op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
+
+                       cond = newBINOP(OP_LT, 0,
+                                           newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                           newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(amin)));
+                       chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
+
+                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk));
+               }
 
-               /* my $self = shift; */
-               if (SvTRUE(spec->shift)) {
-                       OP *const var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_WANT_SCALAR | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
-                       var->op_targ = pad_add_name_sv(spec->shift, 0, NULL, NULL);
+               amax = args_max(param_spec);
+               if (amax >= 0) {
+                       OP *chk, *cond, *err, *croak;
+
+                       err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
+                                         newSVpvf("Too many arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amax));
+                       err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                                          err,
+                                          newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)));
+                       err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                                          err,
+                                          newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(")")));
+
+                       croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                                            newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
+                       err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
+                                         op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
+
+                       cond = newBINOP(OP_GT, 0,
+                                           newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                           newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(amax)));
+                       chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
+
+                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk));
+               }
 
-                       prelude = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newOP(OP_SHIFT, 0));
-                       prelude = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, prelude);
+               if (param_spec && (count_named_params(param_spec) || (param_spec->slurpy.name && SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '%'))) {
+                       OP *chk, *cond, *err, *croak;
+                       const UV fixed = count_positional_params(param_spec) + !!param_spec->invocant.name;
+
+                       err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
+                                         newSVpvf("Odd number of paired arguments for %"SVf"", SVfARG(declarator)));
+
+                       croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                                            newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
+                       err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
+                                         op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
+
+                       cond = newBINOP(OP_GT, 0,
+                                           fixed
+                                           ? newBINOP(OP_SUBTRACT, 0,
+                                                      newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                                      newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv(fixed)))
+                                           : newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                           newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)));
+                       cond = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0,
+                                           cond,
+                                           newBINOP(OP_MODULO, 0,
+                                                    fixed
+                                                    ? newBINOP(OP_SUBTRACT, 0,
+                                                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv(fixed)))
+                                                    : newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                                    newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(2))));
+                       chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
+
+                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk));
                }
+       }
 
-               /* min/max argument count checks */
-               if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
-                       if (args_min > 0) {
-                               OP *chk, *cond, *err, *croak;
+       if (!param_spec) {
+               /* my $invocant = shift; */
+               if (SvTRUE(spec->shift)) {
+                       OP *var;
 
-                               err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
-                                             newSVpvf("Not enough arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(declarator)));
+                       var = my_var(
+                               aTHX_
+                               OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                               pad_add_name_sv(spec->shift, 0, NULL, NULL)
+                       );
+                       var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newOP(OP_SHIFT, 0));
 
-                               croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
-                                                newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
-                               err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
+                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+               }
+       } else {
+               /* my $invocant = shift; */
+               if (param_spec->invocant.name) {
+                       OP *var;
+
+                       var = my_var(
+                               aTHX_
+                               OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                               param_spec->invocant.padoff
+                       );
+                       var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newOP(OP_SHIFT, 0));
 
-                               cond = newBINOP(OP_LT, 0,
-                                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(args_min)));
-                               chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
+                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+               }
 
-                               prelude = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk));
+               /* my (...) = @_; */
+               {
+                       OP *lhs;
+                       size_t i, lim;
+
+                       lhs = NULL;
+
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               OP *const var = my_var(
+                                       aTHX_
+                                       OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                       param_spec->positional_required.data[i].padoff
+                               );
+                               lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
                        }
-                       if (args_max != -1) {
-                               OP *chk, *cond, *err, *croak;
-
-                               err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
-                                             newSVpvf("Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(declarator)));
 
-                               croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
-                                                newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
-                               err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               OP *const var = my_var(
+                                       aTHX_
+                                       OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                       param_spec->positional_optional.data[i].param.padoff
+                               );
+                               lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
+                       }
 
-                               cond = newBINOP(OP_GT, 0,
-                                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(args_max)));
-                               chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
+                       if (param_spec->slurpy.name) {
+                               if (count_named_params(param_spec)) {
+                                       OP *const var = my_var_g(
+                                               aTHX_
+                                               SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@' ? OP_PADAV : OP_PADHV,
+                                               OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                               param_spec->slurpy.padoff
+                                       );
+                                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+                               } else {
+                                       OP *const var = my_var_g(
+                                               aTHX_
+                                               SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@' ? OP_PADAV : OP_PADHV,
+                                               OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                               param_spec->slurpy.padoff
+                                       );
+                                       lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
+                               }
+                       }
 
-                               prelude = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk));
+                       if (lhs) {
+                               OP *rhs;
+                               lhs->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
+                               rhs = newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
+
+                               *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(
+                                       OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel,
+                                       newSTATEOP(
+                                               0, NULL,
+                                               newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, lhs, 0, rhs)
+                                       )
+                               );
                        }
                }
 
-               /* my (PARAMS) = @_; */
-               if (params && av_len(params) > -1) {
-                       SV *param;
-                       OP *init_param, *left, *right;
-
-                       left = NULL;
-                       while ((param = av_shift(params)) != &PL_sv_undef) {
-                               OP *const var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
-                               var->op_targ = pad_add_name_sv(param, 0, NULL, NULL);
-                               SvREFCNT_dec(param);
-                               left = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, left, var);
+               /* default arguments */
+               {
+                       size_t i, lim, req;
+                       OP *nest;
+
+                       nest = NULL;
+
+                       req = param_spec->positional_required.used;
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               ParamInit *cur = &param_spec->positional_optional.data[i];
+                               OP *var, *cond;
+
+                               cond = newBINOP(
+                                       OP_LT, 0,
+                                       newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(req + i + 1))
+                               );
+
+                               var = my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->param.padoff);
+
+                               nest = op_append_list(
+                                       OP_LINESEQ, nest,
+                                       newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, cur->init)
+                               );
+                               cur->init = NULL;
+                               nest = newCONDOP(
+                                       0,
+                                       cond,
+                                       nest,
+                                       NULL
+                               );
                        }
 
-                       left->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
-                       right = newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
-                       init_param = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, left, 0, right);
-                       init_param = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, init_param);
-
-                       prelude = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude, init_param);
+                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(
+                               OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel,
+                               nest
+                       );
                }
 
-               /* defaults */
-               {
-                       OP *gen = NULL;
-                       DefaultParamSpec *dp;
+               /* named parameters */
+               if (count_named_params(param_spec)) {
+                       int nameblock_ix;
+                       OP *nameblock;
+                       PADOFFSET vb, vc, vi, vk;
+                       int vb_is_str, vc_is_str;
+                       const size_t pos = count_positional_params(param_spec);
 
-                       for (dp = defaults; dp; dp = dp->next) {
-                               OP *init = dp->init;
-                               OP *var, *args, *cond;
+                       nameblock = NULL;
+                       nameblock_ix = S_block_start(aTHX_ TRUE);
 
-                               /* var = `$,name */
-                               var = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
-                               var->op_targ = pad_findmy_sv(dp->name, 0);
+                       {
+                               OP *decl, *var;
 
-                               /* init = `,var = ,init */
-                               init = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, init);
+                               decl = NULL;
 
-                               /* args = `@_ */
-                               args = newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
+                               vb_is_str = param_spec->named_required.used > UV_BITS;
+                               if (!param_spec->named_required.used || !(spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS)) {
+                                       vb = 0;
+                               } else {
+                                       var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
+                                       var->op_targ = vb = pad_add_name_pvs("$__B", 0, NULL, NULL);
+                                       var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, vb_is_str ? newSVpvs("") : newSVuv(0)));
+                                       decl = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, decl, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+                               }
 
-                               /* cond = `,args < ,index */
-                               cond = newBINOP(OP_LT, 0, args, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(dp->limit)));
+                               vc_is_str = param_spec->named_optional.used > UV_BITS;
+                               if (!param_spec->named_optional.used) {
+                                       vc = 0;
+                               } else {
+                                       var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
+                                       var->op_targ = vc = pad_add_name_pvs("$__C", 0, NULL, NULL);
+                                       var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, vc_is_str ? newSVpvs("") : newSVuv(0)));
+                                       decl = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, decl, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+                               }
 
-                               /* init = `,init if ,cond */
-                               init = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, init);
+                               var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
+                               var->op_targ = vk = pad_add_name_pvs("$__K", 0, NULL, NULL);
+                               decl = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, decl, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
 
-                               /* gen = `,gen ; ,init */
-                               gen = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, gen, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, init));
+                               var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
+                               var->op_targ = vi = pad_add_name_pvs("$__I", 0, NULL, NULL);
+                               var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(pos)));
+                               decl = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, decl, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
 
-                               dp->init = NULL;
+                               //S_intro_my(aTHX);
+                               nameblock = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, nameblock, decl);
                        }
 
-                       prelude = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude, gen);
-               }
+                       {
+                               OP *loop;
+
+                               loop = NULL;
+
+                               loop = op_append_list(
+                                       OP_LINESEQ,
+                                       loop,
+                                       newSTATEOP(
+                                               0, NULL,
+                                               newASSIGNOP(
+                                                       OPf_STACKED,
+                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk),
+                                                       0,
+                                                       mkargselemv(aTHX_ vi)
+                                               )
+                                       )
+                               );
+
+                               {
+                                       OP *nest;
+                                       size_t i;
+
+                                       if (param_spec->slurpy.name) {
+                                               if (SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@') {
+                                                       OP *first, *mid, *last;
+
+                                                       last = mkargselem(
+                                                               aTHX_
+                                                               newBINOP(
+                                                                       OP_ADD, 0,
+                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
+                                                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
+                                                               )
+                                                       );
+                                                       mid = last;
+
+                                                       first = my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk);
+                                                       first->op_sibling = mid;
+                                                       mid = first;
+
+                                                       first = my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADAV, 0, param_spec->slurpy.padoff);
+                                                       first->op_sibling = mid;
+                                                       mid = first;
+
+                                                       first = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
+                                                       nest = newLISTOP(OP_PUSH, 0, first, mid);
+                                                       nest->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_PUSH, SVs_PADTMP);
+                                                       ((LISTOP *)nest)->op_last = last;
+                                               } else {
+                                                       nest = newASSIGNOP(
+                                                               OPf_STACKED,
+                                                               newBINOP(
+                                                                       OP_HELEM, 0,
+                                                                       my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->slurpy.padoff),
+                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk)
+                                                               ),
+                                                               0,
+                                                               mkargselem(
+                                                                       aTHX_
+                                                                       newBINOP(
+                                                                               OP_ADD, 0,
+                                                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
+                                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
+                                                                       )
+                                                               )
+                                                       );
+                                               }
+                                       } else if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
+                                               OP *err, *croak;
+
+                                               err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
+                                                             newSVpvf("In %"SVf": no such named parameter: ", SVfARG(declarator)));
+                                               err = newBINOP(
+                                                       OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                                                       err,
+                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk)
+                                               );
+
+                                               croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                                                                newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
+                                               nest = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
+                                                              op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
+                                       } else {
+                                               nest = NULL;
+                                       }
+
+                                       for (i = param_spec->named_optional.used; i--; ) {
+                                               Param *cur = &param_spec->named_optional.data[i].param;
+                                               size_t dn;
+                                               char *dp = SvPV(cur->name, dn);
+                                               OP *vec;
+
+                                               if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS)) {
+                                                       vec = NULL;
+                                               } else if (vc_is_str) {
+                                                       vec = newASSIGNOP(
+                                                               OPf_STACKED,
+                                                               mkvecbits(aTHX_ vc, i),
+                                                               0,
+                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
+                                                       );
+                                               } else {
+                                                       vec = newASSIGNOP(
+                                                               OPf_STACKED,
+                                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vc),
+                                                               OP_BIT_OR,
+                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv((UV)1 << i))
+                                                       );
+                                               }
+
+                                               nest = newCONDOP(
+                                                       0,
+                                                       newBINOP(
+                                                               OP_SEQ, 0,
+                                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk),
+                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvn_utf8(dp + 1, dn - 1, SvUTF8(cur->name)))
+                                                       ),
+                                                       op_append_list(
+                                                               OP_LINESEQ,
+                                                               newASSIGNOP(
+                                                                       OPf_STACKED,
+                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->padoff),
+                                                                       0,
+                                                                       mkargselem(
+                                                                               aTHX_
+                                                                               newBINOP(
+                                                                                       OP_ADD, 0,
+                                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
+                                                                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
+                                                                               )
+                                                                       )
+                                                               ),
+                                                               vec
+                                                       ),
+                                                       nest
+                                               );
+                                       }
+
+                                       for (i = param_spec->named_required.used; i--; ) {
+                                               Param *cur = &param_spec->named_required.data[i];
+                                               size_t dn;
+                                               char *dp = SvPV(cur->name, dn);
+                                               OP *vec;
+
+                                               if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS)) {
+                                                       vec = NULL;
+                                               } else if (vb_is_str) {
+                                                       vec = newASSIGNOP(
+                                                               OPf_STACKED,
+                                                               mkvecbits(aTHX_ vb, i),
+                                                               0,
+                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
+                                                       );
+                                               } else {
+                                                       vec = newASSIGNOP(
+                                                               OPf_STACKED,
+                                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vb),
+                                                               OP_BIT_OR,
+                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv((UV)1 << i))
+                                                       );
+                                               }
+
+                                               nest = newCONDOP(
+                                                       0,
+                                                       newBINOP(
+                                                               OP_SEQ, 0,
+                                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk),
+                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvn_utf8(dp + 1, dn - 1, SvUTF8(cur->name)))
+                                                       ),
+                                                       op_append_list(
+                                                               OP_LINESEQ,
+                                                               newASSIGNOP(
+                                                                       OPf_STACKED,
+                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->padoff),
+                                                                       0,
+                                                                       mkargselem(
+                                                                               aTHX_
+                                                                               newBINOP(
+                                                                                       OP_ADD, 0,
+                                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
+                                                                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
+                                                                               )
+                                                                       )
+                                                               ),
+                                                               vec
+                                                       ),
+                                                       nest
+                                               );
+                                       }
+
+                                       loop = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, loop, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, nest));
+                               }
+
+                               loop = newWHILEOP(
+                                       0, 1,
+                                       NULL,
+                                       newBINOP(
+                                               OP_LT, 0,
+                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
+                                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv))
+                                       ),
+                                       loop,
+                                       newASSIGNOP(
+                                               OPf_STACKED,
+                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
+                                               OP_ADD,
+                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(2))
+                                       ),
+                                       0
+                               );
+
+                               nameblock = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, nameblock, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, loop));
+                       }
+
+                       if (param_spec->named_required.used && (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS)) {
+                               OP *cond, *err, *croak, *join;
+
+                               {
+                                       size_t i, lim;
+                                       OP *first, *mid, *last;
+
+                                       last = newNULLLIST();
+                                       mid = last;
+
+                                       for (i = param_spec->named_required.used; i--; ) {
+                                               OP *cur;
+                                               SV *sv = param_spec->named_required.data[i].name;
+                                               size_t n;
+                                               char *p = SvPV(sv, n);
+                                               cur = newCONDOP(
+                                                       0,
+                                                       vb_is_str
+                                                               ? mkvecbits(aTHX_ vb, i)
+                                                               : newBINOP(OP_BIT_AND, 0, my_var(aTHX_ 0, vb), newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv((UV)1 << i)))
+                                                       ,
+                                                       newNULLLIST(),
+                                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvn_utf8(p + 1, n - 1, SvUTF8(sv)))
+                                               );
+                                               cur->op_sibling = mid;
+                                               mid = cur;
+                                       }
+
+                                       first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(", "));
+                                       first->op_sibling = mid;
+                                       mid = first;
+
+                                       first = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
+
+                                       join = newLISTOP(OP_JOIN, 0, first, mid);
+                                       join->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_JOIN, SVs_PADTMP);
+                                       ((LISTOP *)join)->op_last = last;
+                               }
+
+                               err = newSVOP(
+                                       OP_CONST, 0,
+                                       newSVpvf("In %"SVf": missing named parameter(s): ", SVfARG(declarator))
+                               );
+                               err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0, err, join);
+                               croak = newCVREF(
+                                       OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                                       newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+                               );
+                               err = newUNOP(
+                                       OP_ENTERSUB,
+                                       OPf_STACKED,
+                                       op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak)
+                               );
+                               if (vb_is_str) {
+                                       cond = newBINOP(
+                                               OP_SNE, 0,
+                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vb),
+                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, mkbits1(aTHX_ param_spec->named_required.used))
+                                       );
+                               } else {
+                                       cond = newBINOP(
+                                               OP_NE, 0,
+                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vb),
+                                               newSVOP(
+                                                       OP_CONST, 0,
+                                                       newSVuv(
+                                                               param_spec->named_required.used == UV_BITS
+                                                               ? ~(UV)0
+                                                               : ((UV)1 << param_spec->named_required.used) - 1
+                                                       )
+                                               )
+                                       );
+                               }
+                               err = newCONDOP(
+                                       0,
+                                       cond,
+                                       err,
+                                       NULL
+                               );
+
+                               nameblock = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, nameblock, err);
+                       }
+
+                       if (param_spec->named_optional.used) {
+                               size_t i, lim;
 
-               /* finally let perl parse the actual subroutine body */
-               body = parse_block(0);
+                               for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                                       ParamInit *const cur = &param_spec->named_optional.data[i];
+                                       OP *init, *cond;
 
-               /* add '();' to make function return nothing by default */
-               /* (otherwise the invisible parameter initialization can "leak" into
-                  the return value: fun ($x) {}->("asdf", 0) == 2) */
-               if (prelude) {
-                       body = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, body);
+                                       init = newASSIGNOP(
+                                               OPf_STACKED,
+                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->param.padoff),
+                                               0,
+                                               cur->init
+                                       );
+                                       cur->init = NULL;
+
+                                       cond = newUNOP(
+                                               OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL,
+                                               vc_is_str
+                                               ? mkvecbits(aTHX_ vc, i)
+                                               : newBINOP(OP_BIT_AND, 0, my_var(aTHX_ 0, vc), newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv((UV)1 << i)))
+                                       );
+
+                                       init = newCONDOP(0, cond, init, NULL);
+
+                                       nameblock = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, nameblock, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, init));
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       nameblock = S_block_end(aTHX_ nameblock_ix, nameblock);
+                       nameblock = op_scope(nameblock);
+
+                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, nameblock);
                }
+       }
 
-               body = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude, body);
+       /* finally let perl parse the actual subroutine body */
+       body = parse_block(0);
+
+       /* add '();' to make function return nothing by default */
+       /* (otherwise the invisible parameter initialization can "leak" into
+          the return value: fun ($x) {}->("asdf", 0) == 2) */
+       if (*prelude_sentinel) {
+               body = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, body);
        }
 
+       body = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, body);
+       *prelude_sentinel = NULL;
+
        /* it's go time. */
        {
                OP *const attrs = *attrs_sentinel;
@@ -643,7 +1698,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                        attrs,
                        body
                );
-               *pop = NULL;
+               *pop = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
                return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_STMT;
        }
 }
@@ -674,14 +1729,16 @@ BOOT:
 WARNINGS_ENABLE {
        HV *const stash = gv_stashpvs(MY_PKG, GV_ADD);
        /**/
-       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_NAME_OK", newSViv(FLAG_NAME_OK));
-       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_ANON_OK", newSViv(FLAG_ANON_OK));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_NAME_OK",      newSViv(FLAG_NAME_OK));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_ANON_OK",      newSViv(FLAG_ANON_OK));
        newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS", newSViv(FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS));
-       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_CHECK_NARGS", newSViv(FLAG_CHECK_NARGS));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_CHECK_NARGS",  newSViv(FLAG_CHECK_NARGS));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_INVOCANT",     newSViv(FLAG_INVOCANT));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS", newSViv(FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS));
        newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_KEYWORDS", newSVpvs(HINTK_KEYWORDS));
-       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_FLAGS_", newSVpvs(HINTK_FLAGS_));
-       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_SHIFT_", newSVpvs(HINTK_SHIFT_));
-       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_ATTRS_", newSVpvs(HINTK_ATTRS_));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_FLAGS_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_FLAGS_));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_SHIFT_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_SHIFT_));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_ATTRS_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_ATTRS_));
        /**/
        next_keyword_plugin = PL_keyword_plugin;
        PL_keyword_plugin = my_keyword_plugin;