4 use File::Basename qw(&basename &dirname);
7 # List explicitly here the variables you want Configure to
8 # generate. Metaconfig only looks for shell variables, so you
9 # have to mention them as if they were shell variables, not
10 # %Config entries. Thus you write
12 # to ensure Configure will look for $Config{startperl}.
14 # This forces PL files to create target in same directory as PL file.
15 # This is so that make depend always knows where to find PL derivatives.
18 $file = basename($0, '.PL');
19 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
21 open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
23 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
25 # In this section, perl variables will be expanded during extraction.
26 # You can use $Config{...} to use Configure variables.
28 print OUT <<"!GROK!THIS!";
30 eval 'exec $Config{perlpath} -S \$0 \${1+"\$@"}'
36 # make sure creat()s are neither too much nor too little
37 INIT { eval { umask(0077) } } # doubtless someone has no mask
40 push \@pagers, "$Config{'pager'}" if -x "$Config{'pager'}";
41 my \$bindir = "$Config{installscript}";
45 # In the following, perl variables are not expanded during extraction.
47 print OUT <<'!NO!SUBS!';
49 use Fcntl; # for sysopen
52 use File::Spec::Functions qw(catfile splitdir);
55 # Perldoc revision #1 -- look up a piece of documentation in .pod format that
56 # is embedded in the perl installation tree.
58 # This is not to be confused with Tom Christiansen's perlman, which is a
59 # man replacement, written in perl. This perldoc is strictly for reading
60 # the perl manuals, though it too is written in perl.
62 # Massive security and correctness patches applied to this
63 # noisome program by Tom Christiansen Sat Mar 11 15:22:33 MST 2000
66 my $me = $0; # Editing $0 is unportable
69 Usage: $me [-h] [-r] [-i] [-v] [-t] [-u] [-m] [-n program] [-l] [-F] [-X] PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName
73 The -h option prints more help. Also try "perldoc perldoc" to get
74 acquainted with the system.
78 my @global_found = ();
79 my $global_target = "";
81 my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
82 my $Is_MSWin32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
83 my $Is_Dos = $^O eq 'dos';
87 # Erase evidence of previous errors (if any), so exit status is simple.
90 perldoc [options] PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName...
91 perldoc [options] -f BuiltinFunction
92 perldoc [options] -q FAQRegex
95 -h Display this help message
96 -r Recursive search (slow)
98 -t Display pod using pod2text instead of pod2man and nroff
99 (-t is the default on win32)
100 -u Display unformatted pod text
101 -m Display module's file in its entirety
102 -n Specify replacement for nroff
103 -l Display the module's file name
104 -F Arguments are file names, not modules
105 -v Verbosely describe what's going on
106 -X use index if present (looks for pod.idx at $Config{archlib})
107 -q Search the text of questions (not answers) in perlfaq[1-9]
108 -U Run in insecure mode (superuser only)
110 PageName|ModuleName...
111 is the name of a piece of documentation that you want to look at. You
112 may either give a descriptive name of the page (as in the case of
113 `perlfunc') the name of a module, either like `Term::Info',
114 `Term/Info', the partial name of a module, like `info', or
115 `makemaker', or the name of a program, like `perldoc'.
118 is the name of a perl function. Will extract documentation from
122 is a regex. Will search perlfaq[1-9] for and extract any
123 questions that match.
125 Any switches in the PERLDOC environment variable will be used before the
126 command line arguments. The optional pod index file contains a list of
127 filenames, one per line.
132 if (defined $ENV{"PERLDOC"}) {
133 require Text::ParseWords;
134 unshift(@ARGV, Text::ParseWords::shellwords($ENV{"PERLDOC"}));
138 my $getopts = "mhtluvriFf:Xq:n:U";
139 print OUT <<"!GET!OPTS!";
141 use vars qw( @{[map "\$opt_$_", ($getopts =~ /\w/g)]} );
143 getopts("$getopts") || usage;
146 print OUT <<'!NO!SUBS!';
150 # refuse to run if we should be tainting and aren't
151 # (but regular users deserve protection too, though!)
152 if (!($Is_VMS || $Is_MSWin32 || $Is_Dos) && ($> == 0 || $< == 0)
153 && !am_taint_checking())
156 my $id = eval { getpwnam("nobody") };
157 $id = eval { getpwnam("nouser") } unless defined $id;
158 $id = -2 unless defined $id;
160 $> = $id; # must do this one first!
163 last if !$@ && $< && $>;
165 die "Superuser must not run $0 without security audit and taint checks.\n";
168 $opt_n = "nroff" if !$opt_n;
172 $podidx = "$Config{'archlib'}/pod.idx";
173 $podidx = "" unless -f $podidx && -r _ && -M _ <= 7;
176 if ((my $opts = do{ no warnings; $opt_t + $opt_u + $opt_m + $opt_l }) > 1) {
177 usage("only one of -t, -u, -m or -l")
181 || !($ENV{TERM} && $ENV{TERM} !~ /dumb|emacs|none|unknown/i))
183 $opt_t = 1 unless $opts;
186 if ($opt_t) { require Pod::Text; import Pod::Text; }
190 @pages = ("perlfunc");
193 @pages = ("perlfaq1" .. "perlfaq9");
199 # Does this look like a module or extension directory?
200 if (-f "Makefile.PL") {
202 # Add ., lib to @INC (if they exist)
203 eval q{ use lib qw(. lib); 1; } or die;
205 # don't add if superuser
206 if ($< && $> && -f "blib") { # don't be looking too hard now!
207 eval q{ use blib; 1 };
208 warn $@ if $@ && $opt_v;
213 my($file, $readit) = @_;
214 return 1 if !$readit && $file =~ /\.pod\z/i;
216 open(TEST,"<", $file) or die "Can't open $file: $!";
219 close(TEST) or die "Can't close $file: $!";
223 close(TEST) or die "Can't close $file: $!";
229 my $path = catfile($dir,$file);
230 return $path if -f $path and -r _;
231 if (!$opt_i or $Is_VMS or $Is_MSWin32 or $Is_Dos or $^O eq 'os2') {
232 # on a case-forgiving file system or if case is important
233 # that is it all we can do
234 warn "Ignored $path: unreadable\n" if -f _;
238 # this is completely wicked. don't mess with $", and if
239 # you do, don't assume / is the dirsep!
243 foreach $p (splitdir $file){
244 my $try = catfile @p, $p;
248 if ( $p eq $global_target) {
249 my $tmp_path = catfile @p;
251 for (@global_found) {
252 $path_f = 1 if $_ eq $tmp_path;
254 push (@global_found, $tmp_path) unless $path_f;
255 print STDERR "Found as @p but directory\n" if $opt_v;
258 elsif (-f _ && -r _) {
262 warn "Ignored $try: unreadable\n";
267 opendir DIR, "@p" or die "opendir @p: $!";
268 while ($cip=readdir(DIR)) {
269 if (lc $cip eq $lcp){
274 closedir DIR or die "closedir @p: $!";
275 return "" unless $found;
277 return "@p" if -f "@p" and -r _;
278 warn "Ignored @p: unreadable\n" if -f _;
287 return "" if length $dir and not -d $dir;
289 return minus_f_nocase($dir,$file);
292 my $path = minus_f_nocase($dir,$file);
293 return $path if length $path and containspod($path);
300 my($recurse,$s,@dirs) = @_;
302 $s = VMS::Filespec::unixify($s) if $Is_VMS;
303 return $s if -f $s && containspod($s);
304 printf STDERR "Looking for $s in @dirs\n" if $opt_v;
308 $global_target = (splitdir $s)[-1]; # XXX: why not use File::Basename?
309 for ($i=0; $i<@dirs; $i++) {
311 ($dir = VMS::Filespec::unixpath($dir)) =~ s!/\z!! if $Is_VMS;
312 if ( ( $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.pod")
313 or ( $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.pm")
314 or ( $ret = check_file $dir,$s)
316 $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.com")
317 or ( $^O eq 'os2' and
318 $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.cmd")
319 or ( ($Is_MSWin32 or $Is_Dos or $^O eq 'os2') and
320 $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.bat")
321 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pod","$s.pod")
322 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pod",$s)
323 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pods","$s.pod")
324 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pods",$s)
330 opendir(D,$dir) or die "Can't opendir $dir: $!";
331 my @newdirs = map catfile($dir, $_), grep {
333 not /^auto\z/s and # save time! don't search auto dirs
336 closedir(D) or die "Can't closedir $dir: $!";
337 next unless @newdirs;
339 @newdirs = map((s/\.dir\z//,$_)[1],@newdirs) if $Is_VMS;
340 print STDERR "Also looking in @newdirs\n" if $opt_v;
341 push(@dirs,@newdirs);
348 my @data = split /\n{2,}/, shift;
349 shift @data while @data and $data[0] !~ /\S/; # Go to header
350 shift @data if @data and $data[0] =~ /Contributed\s+Perl/; # Skip header
351 pop @data if @data and $data[-1] =~ /^\w/; # Skip footer, like
352 # 28/Jan/99 perl 5.005, patch 53 1
357 my ($file, $tmp, $filter) = @_;
361 # why was this append?
362 sysopen(OUT, $tmp, O_WRONLY | O_EXCL | O_CREAT, 0600)
363 or die ("Can't open $tmp: $!");
364 Pod::Text->new()->parse_from_file($file,\*OUT);
365 close OUT or die "can't close $tmp: $!";
368 my $cmd = catfile($bindir, 'pod2man') . " --lax $file | $opt_n -man";
369 $cmd .= " | col -x" if $^O =~ /hpux/;
371 $rslt = filter_nroff($rslt) if $filter;
372 unless (($err = $?)) {
373 # why was this append?
374 sysopen(TMP, $tmp, O_WRONLY | O_EXCL | O_CREAT, 0600)
375 or die "Can't open $tmp: $!";
377 or die "Can't print $tmp: $!";
379 or die "Can't close $tmp: $!";
382 if ($opt_u or $err or -z $tmp) { # XXX: race with -z
383 # why was this append?
384 sysopen(OUT, $tmp, O_WRONLY | O_EXCL | O_CREAT, 0600)
385 or die "Can't open $tmp: $!";
386 open(IN,"<", $file) or die("Can't open $file: $!");
390 $cut = $1 eq 'cut' if /^=(\w+)/;
393 or die "Can't print $tmp: $!";
395 close IN or die "Can't close $file: $!";
396 close OUT or die "Can't close $tmp: $!";
401 my ($tmp, $no_tty, @pagers) = @_;
403 open(TMP,"<", $tmp) or die "Can't open $tmp: $!";
406 print or die "Can't print to stdout: $!";
408 close TMP or die "Can't close while $tmp: $!";
411 foreach my $pager (@pagers) {
412 last if system("$pager $tmp") == 0;
421 1 while unlink($_); # XXX: expect failure
423 unlink($_); # or die "Can't unlink $_: $!";
430 if ($podidx && open(PODIDX, $podidx)) {
431 my $searchfor = catfile split '::';
432 print STDERR "Searching for '$searchfor' in $podidx\n" if $opt_v;
436 push(@found, $_) if m,/$searchfor(?:\.(?:pod|pm))?\z,i;
438 close(PODIDX) or die "Can't close $podidx: $!";
441 print STDERR "Searching for $_\n" if $opt_v;
442 # We must look both in @INC for library modules and in $bindir
443 # for executables, like h2xs or perldoc itself.
444 my @searchdirs = ($bindir, @INC);
447 push @found, $_ if $opt_m or containspod($_);
453 for ($i = 0; $trn = $ENV{'DCL$PATH;'.$i}; $i++) {
454 push(@searchdirs,$trn);
456 push(@searchdirs,'perl_root:[lib.pod]') # installed pods
459 push(@searchdirs, grep(-d, split($Config{path_sep},
463 my @files = searchfor(0,$_,@searchdirs);
465 print STDERR "Found as @files\n" if $opt_v;
468 # no match, try recursive search
469 @searchdirs = grep(!/^\.\z/s,@INC);
470 @files= searchfor(1,$_,@searchdirs) if $opt_r;
472 print STDERR "Loosely found as @files\n" if $opt_v;
475 print STDERR "No documentation found for \"$_\".\n";
477 print STDERR "However, try\n";
478 for my $dir (@global_found) {
479 opendir(DIR, $dir) or die "opendir $dir: $!";
480 while (my $file = readdir(DIR)) {
481 next if ($file =~ /^\./s);
482 $file =~ s/\.(pm|pod)\z//; # XXX: badfs
483 print STDERR "\tperldoc $_\::$file\n";
485 closedir DIR or die "closedir $dir: $!";
494 exit ($Is_VMS ? 98962 : 1);
498 print join("\n", @found), "\n";
502 my $lines = $ENV{LINES} || 24;
505 if (! -t STDOUT) { $no_tty = 1 }
506 END { close(STDOUT) || die "Can't close STDOUT: $!" }
508 # until here we could simply exit or die
509 # now we create temporary files that we have to clean up
510 # namely $tmp, $buffer
511 # that's because you did it wrong, should be descriptor based --tchrist
516 $tmp = "$ENV{TEMP}\\perldoc1.$$";
517 $buffer = "$ENV{TEMP}\\perldoc1.b$$";
518 push @pagers, qw( more< less notepad );
519 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PAGER} if $ENV{PAGER};
520 for (@found) { s,/,\\,g }
523 $tmp = 'Sys$Scratch:perldoc.tmp1_'.$$;
524 $buffer = 'Sys$Scratch:perldoc.tmp1_b'.$$;
525 push @pagers, qw( most more less type/page );
528 $tmp = "$ENV{TEMP}/perldoc1.$$";
529 $buffer = "$ENV{TEMP}/perldoc1.b$$";
531 $buffer =~ tr!\\/!//!s;
532 push @pagers, qw( less.exe more.com< );
533 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PAGER} if $ENV{PAGER};
538 $tmp = POSIX::tmpnam();
539 $buffer = POSIX::tmpnam();
540 unshift @pagers, 'less', 'cmd /c more <';
543 # XXX: this is not secure, because it doesn't open it
544 ($tmp, $buffer) = eval { require POSIX }
545 ? (POSIX::tmpnam(), POSIX::tmpnam() )
546 : ("/tmp/perldoc1.$$", "/tmp/perldoc1.b$$" );
548 push @pagers, qw( more less pg view cat );
549 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PAGER} if $ENV{PAGER};
551 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PERLDOC_PAGER} if $ENV{PERLDOC_PAGER};
553 # make sure cleanup called
555 sub END { cleanup($tmp, $buffer) }
558 eval q{ use sigtrap qw(die INT TERM HUP QUIT) };
561 foreach my $pager (@pagers) {
562 if (system($pager, @found) == 0) {
568 use vmsish qw(status exit);
578 my $perlfunc = shift @found;
579 open(PFUNC, "<", $perlfunc)
580 or die("Can't open $perlfunc: $!");
582 # Functions like -r, -e, etc. are listed under `-X'.
583 my $search_string = ($opt_f =~ /^-[rwxoRWXOeszfdlpSbctugkTBMAC]$/)
589 last if /^=head2 Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions/;
592 # Look for our function
596 if (/^=item\s+\Q$search_string\E\b/o) {
600 last if $found > 1 and not $inlist;
610 ++$found if /^\w/; # found descriptive text
613 die "No documentation for perl function `$opt_f' found\n";
615 close PFUNC or die "Can't open $perlfunc: $!";
619 local @ARGV = @found; # I'm lazy, sue me.
622 my $rx = eval { qr/$opt_q/ } or die <<EOD;
623 Invalid regular expression '$opt_q' given as -q pattern:
625 Did you mean \\Q$opt_q ?
629 for (@found) { die "invalid file spec: $!" if /[<>|]/ }
632 if (/^=head2\s+.*(?:$opt_q)/oi) {
634 push @pod, "=head1 Found in $ARGV\n\n" unless $found_in{$ARGV}++;
643 die("No documentation for perl FAQ keyword `$opt_q' found\n");
650 sysopen(TMP, $buffer, O_WRONLY | O_EXCL | O_CREAT)
651 or die("Can't open $buffer: $!");
652 print TMP "=over 8\n\n";
653 print TMP @pod or die "Can't print $buffer: $!";
655 close TMP or die "Can't close $buffer: $!";
661 printout($_, $tmp, $filter);
663 page($tmp, $no_tty, @pagers);
669 my $nada = substr($arg, 0, 0); # zero-length
670 local $@; # preserve caller's version
671 eval { eval "# $nada" };
672 return length($@) != 0;
675 sub am_taint_checking {
676 my($k,$v) = each %ENV;
677 return is_tainted($v);
685 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in pod format.
689 B<perldoc> [B<-h>] [B<-v>] [B<-t>] [B<-u>] [B<-m>] [B<-l>] [B<-F>] [B<-X>] PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName
691 B<perldoc> B<-f> BuiltinFunction
693 B<perldoc> B<-q> FAQ Keyword
697 I<perldoc> looks up a piece of documentation in .pod format that is embedded
698 in the perl installation tree or in a perl script, and displays it via
699 C<pod2man | nroff -man | $PAGER>. (In addition, if running under HP-UX,
700 C<col -x> will be used.) This is primarily used for the documentation for
701 the perl library modules.
703 Your system may also have man pages installed for those modules, in
704 which case you can probably just use the man(1) command.
712 Prints out a brief help message.
716 Describes search for the item in detail.
718 =item B<-t> text output
720 Display docs using plain text converter, instead of nroff. This may be faster,
721 but it won't look as nice.
723 =item B<-u> unformatted
725 Find docs only; skip reformatting by pod2*
729 Display the entire module: both code and unformatted pod documentation.
730 This may be useful if the docs don't explain a function in the detail
731 you need, and you'd like to inspect the code directly; perldoc will find
732 the file for you and simply hand it off for display.
734 =item B<-l> file name only
736 Display the file name of the module found.
738 =item B<-F> file names
740 Consider arguments as file names, no search in directories will be performed.
744 The B<-f> option followed by the name of a perl built in function will
745 extract the documentation of this function from L<perlfunc>.
749 The B<-q> option takes a regular expression as an argument. It will search
750 the question headings in perlfaq[1-9] and print the entries matching
751 the regular expression.
753 =item B<-X> use an index if present
755 The B<-X> option looks for a entry whose basename matches the name given on the
756 command line in the file C<$Config{archlib}/pod.idx>. The pod.idx file should
757 contain fully qualified filenames, one per line.
759 =item B<-U> run insecurely
761 Because B<perldoc> does not run properly tainted, and is known to
762 have security issues, it will not normally execute as the superuser.
763 If you use the B<-U> flag, it will do so, but only after setting
764 the effective and real IDs to nobody's or nouser's account, or -2
765 if unavailable. If it cannot relinguish its privileges, it will not
768 =item B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>
770 The item you want to look up. Nested modules (such as C<File::Basename>)
771 are specified either as C<File::Basename> or C<File/Basename>. You may also
772 give a descriptive name of a page, such as C<perlfunc>. You may also give a
773 partial or wrong-case name, such as "basename" for "File::Basename", but
774 this will be slower, if there is more then one page with the same partial
775 name, you will only get the first one.
781 Any switches in the C<PERLDOC> environment variable will be used before the
782 command line arguments. C<perldoc> also searches directories
783 specified by the C<PERL5LIB> (or C<PERLLIB> if C<PERL5LIB> is not
784 defined) and C<PATH> environment variables.
785 (The latter is so that embedded pods for executables, such as
786 C<perldoc> itself, are available.) C<perldoc> will use, in order of
787 preference, the pager defined in C<PERLDOC_PAGER>, C<MANPAGER>, or
788 C<PAGER> before trying to find a pager on its own. (C<MANPAGER> is not
789 used if C<perldoc> was told to display plain text or unformatted pod.)
791 One useful value for C<PERLDOC_PAGER> is C<less -+C -E>.
795 This is perldoc v2.03.
799 Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>
801 Minor updates by Andy Dougherty <doughera@lafcol.lafayette.edu>,
807 # Version 2.03: Sun Apr 23 16:56:34 BST 2000
808 # Hugo van der Sanden <hv@crypt0.demon.co.uk>
809 # don't die when 'use blib' fails
810 # Version 2.02: Mon Mar 13 18:03:04 MST 2000
811 # Tom Christiansen <tchrist@perl.com>
812 # Added -U insecurity option
813 # Version 2.01: Sat Mar 11 15:22:33 MST 2000
814 # Tom Christiansen <tchrist@perl.com>, querulously.
815 # Security and correctness patches.
816 # What a twisted bit of distasteful spaghetti code.
818 # Version 1.15: Tue Aug 24 01:50:20 EST 1999
819 # Charles Wilson <cwilson@ece.gatech.edu>
820 # changed /pod/ directory to /pods/ for cygwin
821 # to support cygwin/win32
822 # Version 1.14: Wed Jul 15 01:50:20 EST 1998
823 # Robin Barker <rmb1@cise.npl.co.uk>
824 # -strict, -w cleanups
825 # Version 1.13: Fri Feb 27 16:20:50 EST 1997
826 # Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>
827 # -doc tweaks for -F and -X options
828 # Version 1.12: Sat Apr 12 22:41:09 EST 1997
829 # Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>
830 # -various fixes for win32
831 # Version 1.11: Tue Dec 26 09:54:33 EST 1995
832 # Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>
833 # -added Charles Bailey's further VMS patches, and -u switch
834 # -added -t switch, with pod2text support
836 # Version 1.10: Thu Nov 9 07:23:47 EST 1995
837 # Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>
839 # -added better error recognition (on no found pages, just exit. On
840 # missing nroff/pod2man, just display raw pod.)
841 # -added recursive/case-insensitive matching (thanks, Andreas). This
842 # slows things down a bit, unfortunately. Give a precise name, and
845 # Version 1.01: Tue May 30 14:47:34 EDT 1995
846 # Andy Dougherty <doughera@lafcol.lafayette.edu>
847 # -added pod documentation.
848 # -added PATH searching.
849 # -added searching pod/ subdirectory (mainly to pick up perlfunc.pod
855 # Cache directories read during sloppy match
858 close OUT or die "Can't close $file: $!";
859 chmod 0755, $file or die "Can't reset permissions for $file: $!\n";
860 exec("$Config{'eunicefix'} $file") if $Config{'eunicefix'} ne ':';