4 use File::Basename qw(&basename &dirname);
7 # List explicitly here the variables you want Configure to
8 # generate. Metaconfig only looks for shell variables, so you
9 # have to mention them as if they were shell variables, not
10 # %Config entries. Thus you write
12 # to ensure Configure will look for $Config{startperl}.
14 # This forces PL files to create target in same directory as PL file.
15 # This is so that make depend always knows where to find PL derivatives.
18 $file = basename($0, '.PL');
19 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
21 open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
23 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
25 # In this section, perl variables will be expanded during extraction.
26 # You can use $Config{...} to use Configure variables.
28 print OUT <<"!GROK!THIS!";
30 eval 'exec $Config{perlpath} -S \$0 \${1+"\$@"}'
36 # make sure creat()s are neither too much nor too little
37 INIT { eval { umask(0077) } } # doubtless someone has no mask
39 (my \$pager = <<'/../') =~ s/\\s*\\z//;
43 push \@pagers, \$pager if -x \$pager;
45 (my \$bindir = <<'/../') =~ s/\\s*\\z//;
51 # In the following, perl variables are not expanded during extraction.
53 print OUT <<'!NO!SUBS!';
55 use Fcntl; # for sysopen
58 use File::Spec::Functions qw(catfile splitdir);
61 # Perldoc revision #1 -- look up a piece of documentation in .pod format that
62 # is embedded in the perl installation tree.
64 # This is not to be confused with Tom Christiansen's perlman, which is a
65 # man replacement, written in perl. This perldoc is strictly for reading
66 # the perl manuals, though it too is written in perl.
68 # Massive security and correctness patches applied to this
69 # noisome program by Tom Christiansen Sat Mar 11 15:22:33 MST 2000
72 my $me = $0; # Editing $0 is unportable
75 Usage: $me [-h] [-r] [-i] [-v] [-t] [-u] [-m] [-n program] [-l] [-F] [-X] PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName
79 The -h option prints more help. Also try "perldoc perldoc" to get
80 acquainted with the system.
84 my @global_found = ();
85 my $global_target = "";
87 my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
88 my $Is_MSWin32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
89 my $Is_Dos = $^O eq 'dos';
90 my $Is_OS2 = $^O eq 'os2';
94 # Erase evidence of previous errors (if any), so exit status is simple.
97 perldoc [options] PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName...
98 perldoc [options] -f BuiltinFunction
99 perldoc [options] -q FAQRegex
102 -h Display this help message
103 -r Recursive search (slow)
105 -t Display pod using pod2text instead of pod2man and nroff
106 (-t is the default on win32)
107 -u Display unformatted pod text
108 -m Display module's file in its entirety
109 -n Specify replacement for nroff
110 -l Display the module's file name
111 -F Arguments are file names, not modules
112 -v Verbosely describe what's going on
113 -X use index if present (looks for pod.idx at $Config{archlib})
114 -q Search the text of questions (not answers) in perlfaq[1-9]
115 -U Run in insecure mode (superuser only)
117 PageName|ModuleName...
118 is the name of a piece of documentation that you want to look at. You
119 may either give a descriptive name of the page (as in the case of
120 `perlfunc') the name of a module, either like `Term::Info',
121 `Term/Info', the partial name of a module, like `info', or
122 `makemaker', or the name of a program, like `perldoc'.
125 is the name of a perl function. Will extract documentation from
129 is a regex. Will search perlfaq[1-9] for and extract any
130 questions that match.
132 Any switches in the PERLDOC environment variable will be used before the
133 command line arguments. The optional pod index file contains a list of
134 filenames, one per line.
139 if (defined $ENV{"PERLDOC"}) {
140 require Text::ParseWords;
141 unshift(@ARGV, Text::ParseWords::shellwords($ENV{"PERLDOC"}));
145 my $getopts = "mhtluvriFf:Xq:n:U";
146 print OUT <<"!GET!OPTS!";
148 use vars qw( @{[map "\$opt_$_", ($getopts =~ /\w/g)]} );
150 getopts("$getopts") || usage;
153 print OUT <<'!NO!SUBS!';
157 # refuse to run if we should be tainting and aren't
158 # (but regular users deserve protection too, though!)
159 if (!($Is_VMS || $Is_MSWin32 || $Is_Dos || $Is_OS2) && ($> == 0 || $< == 0)
160 && !am_taint_checking())
163 my $id = eval { getpwnam("nobody") };
164 $id = eval { getpwnam("nouser") } unless defined $id;
165 $id = -2 unless defined $id;
167 $> = $id; # must do this one first!
170 last if !$@ && $< && $>;
172 die "Superuser must not run $0 without security audit and taint checks.\n";
175 $opt_n = "nroff" if !$opt_n;
179 $podidx = "$Config{'archlib'}/pod.idx";
180 $podidx = "" unless -f $podidx && -r _ && -M _ <= 7;
183 if ((my $opts = do{ no warnings; $opt_t + $opt_u + $opt_m + $opt_l }) > 1) {
184 usage("only one of -t, -u, -m or -l")
188 || !($ENV{TERM} && $ENV{TERM} !~ /dumb|emacs|none|unknown/i))
190 $opt_t = 1 unless $opts;
193 if ($opt_t) { require Pod::Text; import Pod::Text; }
197 @pages = ("perlfunc");
200 @pages = ("perlfaq1" .. "perlfaq9");
206 # Does this look like a module or extension directory?
207 if (-f "Makefile.PL") {
209 # Add ., lib to @INC (if they exist)
210 eval q{ use lib qw(. lib); 1; } or die;
212 # don't add if superuser
213 if ($< && $> && -f "blib") { # don't be looking too hard now!
214 eval q{ use blib; 1 };
215 warn $@ if $@ && $opt_v;
220 my($file, $readit) = @_;
221 return 1 if !$readit && $file =~ /\.pod\z/i;
223 open(TEST,"<", $file) or die "Can't open $file: $!";
226 close(TEST) or die "Can't close $file: $!";
230 close(TEST) or die "Can't close $file: $!";
236 my $path = catfile($dir,$file);
237 return $path if -f $path and -r _;
238 if (!$opt_i or $Is_VMS or $Is_MSWin32 or $Is_Dos or $^O eq 'os2') {
239 # on a case-forgiving file system or if case is important
240 # that is it all we can do
241 warn "Ignored $path: unreadable\n" if -f _;
245 # this is completely wicked. don't mess with $", and if
246 # you do, don't assume / is the dirsep!
250 foreach $p (splitdir $file){
251 my $try = catfile @p, $p;
255 if ( $p eq $global_target) {
256 my $tmp_path = catfile @p;
258 for (@global_found) {
259 $path_f = 1 if $_ eq $tmp_path;
261 push (@global_found, $tmp_path) unless $path_f;
262 print STDERR "Found as @p but directory\n" if $opt_v;
265 elsif (-f _ && -r _) {
269 warn "Ignored $try: unreadable\n";
274 opendir DIR, "@p" or die "opendir @p: $!";
275 while ($cip=readdir(DIR)) {
276 if (lc $cip eq $lcp){
281 closedir DIR or die "closedir @p: $!";
282 return "" unless $found;
284 return "@p" if -f "@p" and -r _;
285 warn "Ignored @p: unreadable\n" if -f _;
294 return "" if length $dir and not -d $dir;
296 return minus_f_nocase($dir,$file);
299 my $path = minus_f_nocase($dir,$file);
300 return $path if length $path and containspod($path);
307 my($recurse,$s,@dirs) = @_;
309 $s = VMS::Filespec::unixify($s) if $Is_VMS;
310 return $s if -f $s && containspod($s);
311 printf STDERR "Looking for $s in @dirs\n" if $opt_v;
315 $global_target = (splitdir $s)[-1]; # XXX: why not use File::Basename?
316 for ($i=0; $i<@dirs; $i++) {
318 ($dir = VMS::Filespec::unixpath($dir)) =~ s!/\z!! if $Is_VMS;
319 if ( ( $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.pod")
320 or ( $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.pm")
321 or ( $ret = check_file $dir,$s)
323 $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.com")
324 or ( $^O eq 'os2' and
325 $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.cmd")
326 or ( ($Is_MSWin32 or $Is_Dos or $^O eq 'os2') and
327 $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.bat")
328 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pod","$s.pod")
329 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pod",$s)
330 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pods","$s.pod")
331 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pods",$s)
337 opendir(D,$dir) or die "Can't opendir $dir: $!";
338 my @newdirs = map catfile($dir, $_), grep {
340 not /^auto\z/s and # save time! don't search auto dirs
343 closedir(D) or die "Can't closedir $dir: $!";
344 next unless @newdirs;
346 @newdirs = map((s/\.dir\z//,$_)[1],@newdirs) if $Is_VMS;
347 print STDERR "Also looking in @newdirs\n" if $opt_v;
348 push(@dirs,@newdirs);
355 my @data = split /\n{2,}/, shift;
356 shift @data while @data and $data[0] !~ /\S/; # Go to header
357 shift @data if @data and $data[0] =~ /Contributed\s+Perl/; # Skip header
358 pop @data if @data and $data[-1] =~ /^\w/; # Skip footer, like
359 # 28/Jan/99 perl 5.005, patch 53 1
364 my ($file, $tmp, $filter) = @_;
368 # why was this append?
369 sysopen(OUT, $tmp, O_WRONLY | O_EXCL | O_CREAT, 0600)
370 or die ("Can't open $tmp: $!");
371 Pod::Text->new()->parse_from_file($file,\*OUT);
372 close OUT or die "can't close $tmp: $!";
375 my $cmd = catfile($bindir, 'pod2man') . " --lax $file | $opt_n -man";
376 $cmd .= " | col -x" if $^O =~ /hpux/;
378 $rslt = filter_nroff($rslt) if $filter;
379 unless (($err = $?)) {
380 # why was this append?
381 sysopen(TMP, $tmp, O_WRONLY | O_EXCL | O_CREAT, 0600)
382 or die "Can't open $tmp: $!";
384 or die "Can't print $tmp: $!";
386 or die "Can't close $tmp: $!";
389 if ($opt_u or $err or -z $tmp) { # XXX: race with -z
390 # why was this append?
391 sysopen(OUT, $tmp, O_WRONLY | O_EXCL | O_CREAT, 0600)
392 or die "Can't open $tmp: $!";
393 open(IN,"<", $file) or die("Can't open $file: $!");
397 $cut = $1 eq 'cut' if /^=(\w+)/;
400 or die "Can't print $tmp: $!";
402 close IN or die "Can't close $file: $!";
403 close OUT or die "Can't close $tmp: $!";
408 my ($tmp, $no_tty, @pagers) = @_;
410 open(TMP,"<", $tmp) or die "Can't open $tmp: $!";
413 print or die "Can't print to stdout: $!";
415 close TMP or die "Can't close while $tmp: $!";
418 foreach my $pager (@pagers) {
420 last if system("$pager $tmp") == 0; # quoting prevents logical expansion
422 last if system("$pager \"$tmp\"") == 0;
432 1 while unlink($_); # XXX: expect failure
434 unlink($_); # or die "Can't unlink $_: $!";
441 if ($podidx && open(PODIDX, $podidx)) {
442 my $searchfor = catfile split '::';
443 print STDERR "Searching for '$searchfor' in $podidx\n" if $opt_v;
447 push(@found, $_) if m,/$searchfor(?:\.(?:pod|pm))?\z,i;
449 close(PODIDX) or die "Can't close $podidx: $!";
452 print STDERR "Searching for $_\n" if $opt_v;
453 # We must look both in @INC for library modules and in $bindir
454 # for executables, like h2xs or perldoc itself.
455 my @searchdirs = ($bindir, @INC);
458 push @found, $_ if $opt_m or containspod($_);
464 for ($i = 0; $trn = $ENV{'DCL$PATH;'.$i}; $i++) {
465 push(@searchdirs,$trn);
467 push(@searchdirs,'perl_root:[lib.pod]') # installed pods
470 push(@searchdirs, grep(-d, split($Config{path_sep},
474 my @files = searchfor(0,$_,@searchdirs);
476 print STDERR "Found as @files\n" if $opt_v;
479 # no match, try recursive search
480 @searchdirs = grep(!/^\.\z/s,@INC);
481 @files= searchfor(1,$_,@searchdirs) if $opt_r;
483 print STDERR "Loosely found as @files\n" if $opt_v;
486 print STDERR "No documentation found for \"$_\".\n";
488 print STDERR "However, try\n";
489 for my $dir (@global_found) {
490 opendir(DIR, $dir) or die "opendir $dir: $!";
491 while (my $file = readdir(DIR)) {
492 next if ($file =~ /^\./s);
493 $file =~ s/\.(pm|pod)\z//; # XXX: badfs
494 print STDERR "\tperldoc $_\::$file\n";
496 closedir DIR or die "closedir $dir: $!";
505 exit ($Is_VMS ? 98962 : 1);
509 print join("\n", @found), "\n";
513 my $lines = $ENV{LINES} || 24;
516 if (! -t STDOUT) { $no_tty = 1 }
517 END { close(STDOUT) || die "Can't close STDOUT: $!" }
519 # until here we could simply exit or die
520 # now we create temporary files that we have to clean up
521 # namely $tmp, $buffer
522 # that's because you did it wrong, should be descriptor based --tchrist
527 $tmp = "$ENV{TEMP}\\perldoc1.$$";
528 $buffer = "$ENV{TEMP}\\perldoc1.b$$";
529 push @pagers, qw( more< less notepad );
530 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PAGER} if $ENV{PAGER};
531 for (@found) { s,/,\\,g }
534 $tmp = 'Sys$Scratch:perldoc.tmp1_'.$$;
535 $buffer = 'Sys$Scratch:perldoc.tmp1_b'.$$;
536 push @pagers, qw( most more less type/page );
539 $tmp = "$ENV{TEMP}/perldoc1.$$";
540 $buffer = "$ENV{TEMP}/perldoc1.b$$";
542 $buffer =~ tr!\\/!//!s;
543 push @pagers, qw( less.exe more.com< );
544 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PAGER} if $ENV{PAGER};
549 $tmp = POSIX::tmpnam();
550 $buffer = POSIX::tmpnam();
551 unshift @pagers, 'less', 'cmd /c more <';
554 # XXX: this is not secure, because it doesn't open it
555 ($tmp, $buffer) = eval { require POSIX }
556 ? (POSIX::tmpnam(), POSIX::tmpnam() )
557 : ("/tmp/perldoc1.$$", "/tmp/perldoc1.b$$" );
559 push @pagers, qw( more less pg view cat );
560 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PAGER} if $ENV{PAGER};
562 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PERLDOC_PAGER} if $ENV{PERLDOC_PAGER};
564 # make sure cleanup called
566 sub END { cleanup($tmp, $buffer) }
570 # exit/die in a windows sighandler is dangerous, so let it do the
571 # default thing, which is to exit
572 eval q{ use sigtrap qw(die INT TERM HUP QUIT) } unless $^O eq 'MSWin32';
575 foreach my $pager (@pagers) {
576 if (system($pager, @found) == 0) {
582 use vmsish qw(status exit);
592 my $perlfunc = shift @found;
593 open(PFUNC, "<", $perlfunc)
594 or die("Can't open $perlfunc: $!");
596 # Functions like -r, -e, etc. are listed under `-X'.
597 my $search_string = ($opt_f =~ /^-[rwxoRWXOeszfdlpSbctugkTBMAC]$/)
603 last if /^=head2 Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions/;
606 # Look for our function
610 if (/^=item\s+\Q$search_string\E\b/o) {
614 last if $found > 1 and not $inlist;
624 ++$found if /^\w/; # found descriptive text
627 die "No documentation for perl function `$opt_f' found\n";
629 close PFUNC or die "Can't open $perlfunc: $!";
633 local @ARGV = @found; # I'm lazy, sue me.
636 my $rx = eval { qr/$opt_q/ } or die <<EOD;
637 Invalid regular expression '$opt_q' given as -q pattern:
639 Did you mean \\Q$opt_q ?
643 for (@found) { die "invalid file spec: $!" if /[<>|]/ }
646 if (/^=head2\s+.*(?:$opt_q)/oi) {
648 push @pod, "=head1 Found in $ARGV\n\n" unless $found_in{$ARGV}++;
657 die("No documentation for perl FAQ keyword `$opt_q' found\n");
664 sysopen(TMP, $buffer, O_WRONLY | O_EXCL | O_CREAT)
665 or die("Can't open $buffer: $!");
666 print TMP "=over 8\n\n";
667 print TMP @pod or die "Can't print $buffer: $!";
669 close TMP or die "Can't close $buffer: $!";
675 printout($_, $tmp, $filter);
677 page($tmp, $no_tty, @pagers);
683 my $nada = substr($arg, 0, 0); # zero-length
684 local $@; # preserve caller's version
685 eval { eval "# $nada" };
686 return length($@) != 0;
689 sub am_taint_checking {
690 my($k,$v) = each %ENV;
691 return is_tainted($v);
699 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in pod format.
703 B<perldoc> [B<-h>] [B<-v>] [B<-t>] [B<-u>] [B<-m>] [B<-l>] [B<-F>] [B<-X>] PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName
705 B<perldoc> B<-f> BuiltinFunction
707 B<perldoc> B<-q> FAQ Keyword
711 I<perldoc> looks up a piece of documentation in .pod format that is embedded
712 in the perl installation tree or in a perl script, and displays it via
713 C<pod2man | nroff -man | $PAGER>. (In addition, if running under HP-UX,
714 C<col -x> will be used.) This is primarily used for the documentation for
715 the perl library modules.
717 Your system may also have man pages installed for those modules, in
718 which case you can probably just use the man(1) command.
726 Prints out a brief help message.
730 Describes search for the item in detail.
732 =item B<-t> text output
734 Display docs using plain text converter, instead of nroff. This may be faster,
735 but it won't look as nice.
737 =item B<-u> unformatted
739 Find docs only; skip reformatting by pod2*
743 Display the entire module: both code and unformatted pod documentation.
744 This may be useful if the docs don't explain a function in the detail
745 you need, and you'd like to inspect the code directly; perldoc will find
746 the file for you and simply hand it off for display.
748 =item B<-l> file name only
750 Display the file name of the module found.
752 =item B<-F> file names
754 Consider arguments as file names, no search in directories will be performed.
758 The B<-f> option followed by the name of a perl built in function will
759 extract the documentation of this function from L<perlfunc>.
763 The B<-q> option takes a regular expression as an argument. It will search
764 the question headings in perlfaq[1-9] and print the entries matching
765 the regular expression.
767 =item B<-X> use an index if present
769 The B<-X> option looks for a entry whose basename matches the name given on the
770 command line in the file C<$Config{archlib}/pod.idx>. The pod.idx file should
771 contain fully qualified filenames, one per line.
773 =item B<-U> run insecurely
775 Because B<perldoc> does not run properly tainted, and is known to
776 have security issues, it will not normally execute as the superuser.
777 If you use the B<-U> flag, it will do so, but only after setting
778 the effective and real IDs to nobody's or nouser's account, or -2
779 if unavailable. If it cannot relinguish its privileges, it will not
782 =item B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>
784 The item you want to look up. Nested modules (such as C<File::Basename>)
785 are specified either as C<File::Basename> or C<File/Basename>. You may also
786 give a descriptive name of a page, such as C<perlfunc>. You may also give a
787 partial or wrong-case name, such as "basename" for "File::Basename", but
788 this will be slower, if there is more then one page with the same partial
789 name, you will only get the first one.
795 Any switches in the C<PERLDOC> environment variable will be used before the
796 command line arguments. C<perldoc> also searches directories
797 specified by the C<PERL5LIB> (or C<PERLLIB> if C<PERL5LIB> is not
798 defined) and C<PATH> environment variables.
799 (The latter is so that embedded pods for executables, such as
800 C<perldoc> itself, are available.) C<perldoc> will use, in order of
801 preference, the pager defined in C<PERLDOC_PAGER>, C<MANPAGER>, or
802 C<PAGER> before trying to find a pager on its own. (C<MANPAGER> is not
803 used if C<perldoc> was told to display plain text or unformatted pod.)
805 One useful value for C<PERLDOC_PAGER> is C<less -+C -E>.
809 This is perldoc v2.03.
813 Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>
815 Minor updates by Andy Dougherty <doughera@lafcol.lafayette.edu>,
821 # Version 2.03: Sun Apr 23 16:56:34 BST 2000
822 # Hugo van der Sanden <hv@crypt0.demon.co.uk>
823 # don't die when 'use blib' fails
824 # Version 2.02: Mon Mar 13 18:03:04 MST 2000
825 # Tom Christiansen <tchrist@perl.com>
826 # Added -U insecurity option
827 # Version 2.01: Sat Mar 11 15:22:33 MST 2000
828 # Tom Christiansen <tchrist@perl.com>, querulously.
829 # Security and correctness patches.
830 # What a twisted bit of distasteful spaghetti code.
832 # Version 1.15: Tue Aug 24 01:50:20 EST 1999
833 # Charles Wilson <cwilson@ece.gatech.edu>
834 # changed /pod/ directory to /pods/ for cygwin
835 # to support cygwin/win32
836 # Version 1.14: Wed Jul 15 01:50:20 EST 1998
837 # Robin Barker <rmb1@cise.npl.co.uk>
838 # -strict, -w cleanups
839 # Version 1.13: Fri Feb 27 16:20:50 EST 1997
840 # Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>
841 # -doc tweaks for -F and -X options
842 # Version 1.12: Sat Apr 12 22:41:09 EST 1997
843 # Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>
844 # -various fixes for win32
845 # Version 1.11: Tue Dec 26 09:54:33 EST 1995
846 # Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>
847 # -added Charles Bailey's further VMS patches, and -u switch
848 # -added -t switch, with pod2text support
850 # Version 1.10: Thu Nov 9 07:23:47 EST 1995
851 # Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>
853 # -added better error recognition (on no found pages, just exit. On
854 # missing nroff/pod2man, just display raw pod.)
855 # -added recursive/case-insensitive matching (thanks, Andreas). This
856 # slows things down a bit, unfortunately. Give a precise name, and
859 # Version 1.01: Tue May 30 14:47:34 EDT 1995
860 # Andy Dougherty <doughera@lafcol.lafayette.edu>
861 # -added pod documentation.
862 # -added PATH searching.
863 # -added searching pod/ subdirectory (mainly to pick up perlfunc.pod
869 # Cache directories read during sloppy match
872 close OUT or die "Can't close $file: $!";
873 chmod 0755, $file or die "Can't reset permissions for $file: $!\n";
874 exec("$Config{'eunicefix'} $file") if $Config{'eunicefix'} ne ':';