4 use File::Basename qw(&basename &dirname);
7 # List explicitly here the variables you want Configure to
8 # generate. Metaconfig only looks for shell variables, so you
9 # have to mention them as if they were shell variables, not
10 # %Config entries. Thus you write
12 # to ensure Configure will look for $Config{startperl}.
14 # This forces PL files to create target in same directory as PL file.
15 # This is so that make depend always knows where to find PL derivatives.
18 $file = basename($0, '.PL');
19 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
21 open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
23 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
25 # In this section, perl variables will be expanded during extraction.
26 # You can use $Config{...} to use Configure variables.
28 my $versiononly = $Config{versiononly} ? $Config{version} : '';
30 print OUT <<"!GROK!THIS!";
32 eval 'exec $Config{perlpath} -S \$0 \${1+"\$@"}'
38 # make sure creat()s are neither too much nor too little
39 INIT { eval { umask(0077) } } # doubtless someone has no mask
41 (my \$pager = <<'/../') =~ s/\\s*\\z//;
45 push \@pagers, \$pager if -x \$pager;
47 (my \$bindir = <<'/../') =~ s/\\s*\\z//;
51 (my \$pod2man = <<'/../') =~ s/\\s*\\z//;
57 # In the following, perl variables are not expanded during extraction.
59 print OUT <<'!NO!SUBS!';
61 use Fcntl; # for sysopen
64 use File::Spec::Functions qw(catfile splitdir);
67 # Perldoc revision #1 -- look up a piece of documentation in .pod format that
68 # is embedded in the perl installation tree.
70 # This is not to be confused with Tom Christiansen's perlman, which is a
71 # man replacement, written in perl. This perldoc is strictly for reading
72 # the perl manuals, though it too is written in perl.
74 # Massive security and correctness patches applied to this
75 # noisome program by Tom Christiansen Sat Mar 11 15:22:33 MST 2000
78 my $me = $0; # Editing $0 is unportable
81 Usage: $me [-h] [-r] [-i] [-v] [-t] [-u] [-m] [-n program] [-l] [-F] [-X] PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName
85 The -h option prints more help. Also try "perldoc perldoc" to get
86 acquainted with the system.
90 my @global_found = ();
91 my $global_target = "";
93 my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
94 my $Is_MSWin32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
95 my $Is_Dos = $^O eq 'dos';
96 my $Is_OS2 = $^O eq 'os2';
100 # Erase evidence of previous errors (if any), so exit status is simple.
103 perldoc [options] PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName...
104 perldoc [options] -f BuiltinFunction
105 perldoc [options] -q FAQRegex
108 -h Display this help message
109 -r Recursive search (slow)
111 -t Display pod using pod2text instead of pod2man and nroff
112 (-t is the default on win32)
113 -u Display unformatted pod text
114 -m Display module's file in its entirety
115 -n Specify replacement for nroff
116 -l Display the module's file name
117 -F Arguments are file names, not modules
118 -v Verbosely describe what's going on
119 -X use index if present (looks for pod.idx at $Config{archlib})
120 -q Search the text of questions (not answers) in perlfaq[1-9]
121 -U Run in insecure mode (superuser only)
123 PageName|ModuleName...
124 is the name of a piece of documentation that you want to look at. You
125 may either give a descriptive name of the page (as in the case of
126 `perlfunc') the name of a module, either like `Term::Info',
127 `Term/Info', the partial name of a module, like `info', or
128 `makemaker', or the name of a program, like `perldoc'.
131 is the name of a perl function. Will extract documentation from
135 is a regex. Will search perlfaq[1-9] for and extract any
136 questions that match.
138 Any switches in the PERLDOC environment variable will be used before the
139 command line arguments. The optional pod index file contains a list of
140 filenames, one per line.
145 if (defined $ENV{"PERLDOC"}) {
146 require Text::ParseWords;
147 unshift(@ARGV, Text::ParseWords::shellwords($ENV{"PERLDOC"}));
151 my $getopts = "mhtluvriFf:Xq:n:U";
152 print OUT <<"!GET!OPTS!";
154 use vars qw( @{[map "\$opt_$_", ($getopts =~ /\w/g)]} );
156 getopts("$getopts") || usage;
159 print OUT <<'!NO!SUBS!';
163 # refuse to run if we should be tainting and aren't
164 # (but regular users deserve protection too, though!)
165 if (!($Is_VMS || $Is_MSWin32 || $Is_Dos || $Is_OS2) && ($> == 0 || $< == 0)
166 && !am_taint_checking())
169 my $id = eval { getpwnam("nobody") };
170 $id = eval { getpwnam("nouser") } unless defined $id;
171 $id = -2 unless defined $id;
173 # According to Stevens' APUE and various
174 # (BSD, Solaris, HP-UX) man pages setting
175 # the real uid first and effective uid second
176 # is the way to go if one wants to drop privileges,
177 # because if one changes into an effective uid of
178 # non-zero, one cannot change the real uid any more.
180 $> = $id; # effective uid
182 last if !$@ && $< && $>;
184 die "Superuser must not run $0 without security audit and taint checks.\n";
187 $opt_n = "nroff" if !$opt_n;
191 $podidx = "$Config{'archlib'}/pod.idx";
192 $podidx = "" unless -f $podidx && -r _ && -M _ <= 7;
195 if ((my $opts = do{ no warnings; $opt_t + $opt_u + $opt_m + $opt_l }) > 1) {
196 usage("only one of -t, -u, -m or -l")
200 || !($ENV{TERM} && $ENV{TERM} !~ /dumb|emacs|none|unknown/i))
202 $opt_t = 1 unless $opts;
205 if ($opt_t) { require Pod::Text; import Pod::Text; }
209 @pages = ("perlfunc");
212 @pages = ("perlfaq1" .. "perlfaq9");
218 # Does this look like a module or extension directory?
219 if (-f "Makefile.PL") {
221 # Add ., lib to @INC (if they exist)
222 eval q{ use lib qw(. lib); 1; } or die;
224 # don't add if superuser
225 if ($< && $> && -f "blib") { # don't be looking too hard now!
226 eval q{ use blib; 1 };
227 warn $@ if $@ && $opt_v;
232 my($file, $readit) = @_;
233 return 1 if !$readit && $file =~ /\.pod\z/i;
235 open(TEST,"<", $file) or die "Can't open $file: $!";
238 close(TEST) or die "Can't close $file: $!";
242 close(TEST) or die "Can't close $file: $!";
248 my $path = catfile($dir,$file);
249 return $path if -f $path and -r _;
250 if (!$opt_i or $Is_VMS or $Is_MSWin32 or $Is_Dos or $^O eq 'os2') {
251 # on a case-forgiving file system or if case is important
252 # that is it all we can do
253 warn "Ignored $path: unreadable\n" if -f _;
257 # this is completely wicked. don't mess with $", and if
258 # you do, don't assume / is the dirsep!
262 foreach $p (splitdir $file){
263 my $try = catfile @p, $p;
267 if ( $p eq $global_target) {
268 my $tmp_path = catfile @p;
270 for (@global_found) {
271 $path_f = 1 if $_ eq $tmp_path;
273 push (@global_found, $tmp_path) unless $path_f;
274 print STDERR "Found as @p but directory\n" if $opt_v;
277 elsif (-f _ && -r _) {
281 warn "Ignored $try: unreadable\n";
286 opendir DIR, "@p" or die "opendir @p: $!";
287 while ($cip=readdir(DIR)) {
288 if (lc $cip eq $lcp){
293 closedir DIR or die "closedir @p: $!";
294 return "" unless $found;
296 return "@p" if -f "@p" and -r _;
297 warn "Ignored @p: unreadable\n" if -f _;
306 return "" if length $dir and not -d $dir;
308 return minus_f_nocase($dir,$file);
311 my $path = minus_f_nocase($dir,$file);
312 return $path if length $path and containspod($path);
319 my($recurse,$s,@dirs) = @_;
321 $s = VMS::Filespec::unixify($s) if $Is_VMS;
322 return $s if -f $s && containspod($s);
323 printf STDERR "Looking for $s in @dirs\n" if $opt_v;
327 $global_target = (splitdir $s)[-1]; # XXX: why not use File::Basename?
328 for ($i=0; $i<@dirs; $i++) {
330 ($dir = VMS::Filespec::unixpath($dir)) =~ s!/\z!! if $Is_VMS;
331 if ( ( $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.pod")
332 or ( $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.pm")
333 or ( $ret = check_file $dir,$s)
335 $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.com")
336 or ( $^O eq 'os2' and
337 $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.cmd")
338 or ( ($Is_MSWin32 or $Is_Dos or $^O eq 'os2') and
339 $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.bat")
340 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pod","$s.pod")
341 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pod",$s)
342 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pods","$s.pod")
343 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pods",$s)
349 opendir(D,$dir) or die "Can't opendir $dir: $!";
350 my @newdirs = map catfile($dir, $_), grep {
352 not /^auto\z/s and # save time! don't search auto dirs
355 closedir(D) or die "Can't closedir $dir: $!";
356 next unless @newdirs;
358 @newdirs = map((s/\.dir\z//,$_)[1],@newdirs) if $Is_VMS;
359 print STDERR "Also looking in @newdirs\n" if $opt_v;
360 push(@dirs,@newdirs);
367 my @data = split /\n{2,}/, shift;
368 shift @data while @data and $data[0] !~ /\S/; # Go to header
369 shift @data if @data and $data[0] =~ /Contributed\s+Perl/; # Skip header
370 pop @data if @data and $data[-1] =~ /^\w/; # Skip footer, like
371 # 28/Jan/99 perl 5.005, patch 53 1
376 my ($tmp, $no_tty, @pagers) = @_;
378 open(TMP,"<", $tmp) or die "Can't open $tmp: $!";
381 print or die "Can't print to stdout: $!";
383 close TMP or die "Can't close while $tmp: $!";
386 # On VMS, quoting prevents logical expansion, and temp files with no
387 # extension get the wrong default extension (such as .LIS for TYPE)
389 $tmp = VMS::Filespec::rmsexpand($tmp, '.') if ($Is_VMS);
390 foreach my $pager (@pagers) {
392 last if system("$pager $tmp") == 0;
394 last if system("$pager \"$tmp\"") == 0;
402 if ($podidx && open(PODIDX, $podidx)) {
403 my $searchfor = catfile split '::';
404 print STDERR "Searching for '$searchfor' in $podidx\n" if $opt_v;
408 push(@found, $_) if m,/$searchfor(?:\.(?:pod|pm))?\z,i;
410 close(PODIDX) or die "Can't close $podidx: $!";
413 print STDERR "Searching for $_\n" if $opt_v;
416 push @found, $_ if $opt_m or containspod($_);
419 # We must look both in @INC for library modules and in $bindir
420 # for executables, like h2xs or perldoc itself.
421 my @searchdirs = ($bindir, @INC);
425 for ($i = 0; $trn = $ENV{'DCL$PATH;'.$i}; $i++) {
426 push(@searchdirs,$trn);
428 push(@searchdirs,'perl_root:[lib.pod]') # installed pods
431 push(@searchdirs, grep(-d, split($Config{path_sep},
435 my @files = searchfor(0,$_,@searchdirs);
437 print STDERR "Found as @files\n" if $opt_v;
440 # no match, try recursive search
441 @searchdirs = grep(!/^\.\z/s,@INC);
442 @files= searchfor(1,$_,@searchdirs) if $opt_r;
444 print STDERR "Loosely found as @files\n" if $opt_v;
447 print STDERR "No documentation found for \"$_\".\n";
449 print STDERR "However, try\n";
450 for my $dir (@global_found) {
451 opendir(DIR, $dir) or die "opendir $dir: $!";
452 while (my $file = readdir(DIR)) {
453 next if ($file =~ /^\./s);
454 $file =~ s/\.(pm|pod)\z//; # XXX: badfs
455 print STDERR "\tperldoc $_\::$file\n";
457 closedir DIR or die "closedir $dir: $!";
466 exit ($Is_VMS ? 98962 : 1);
470 print join("\n", @found), "\n";
474 my $lines = $ENV{LINES} || 24;
477 if (! -t STDOUT) { $no_tty = 1 }
478 END { close(STDOUT) || die "Can't close STDOUT: $!" }
481 push @pagers, qw( more< less notepad );
482 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PAGER} if $ENV{PAGER};
483 for (@found) { s,/,\\,g }
486 push @pagers, qw( most more less type/page );
489 push @pagers, qw( less.exe more.com< );
490 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PAGER} if $ENV{PAGER};
494 unshift @pagers, 'less', 'cmd /c more <';
496 push @pagers, qw( more less pg view cat );
497 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PAGER} if $ENV{PAGER};
499 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PERLDOC_PAGER} if $ENV{PERLDOC_PAGER};
502 foreach my $pager (@pagers) {
503 if (system($pager, @found) == 0) {
509 use vmsish qw(status exit);
519 my $perlfunc = shift @found;
520 open(PFUNC, "<", $perlfunc)
521 or die("Can't open $perlfunc: $!");
523 # Functions like -r, -e, etc. are listed under `-X'.
524 my $search_string = ($opt_f =~ /^-[rwxoRWXOeszfdlpSbctugkTBMAC]$/)
530 last if /^=head2 Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions/;
533 # Look for our function
537 if (/^=item\s+\Q$search_string\E\b/o) {
541 last if $found > 1 and not $inlist;
551 ++$found if /^\w/; # found descriptive text
554 die "No documentation for perl function `$opt_f' found\n";
556 close PFUNC or die "Can't open $perlfunc: $!";
560 local @ARGV = @found; # I'm lazy, sue me.
563 my $rx = eval { qr/$opt_q/ } or die <<EOD;
564 Invalid regular expression '$opt_q' given as -q pattern:
566 Did you mean \\Q$opt_q ?
570 for (@found) { die "invalid file spec: $!" if /[<>|]/ }
573 if (/^=head2\s+.*(?:$opt_q)/oi) {
575 push @pod, "=head1 Found in $ARGV\n\n" unless $found_in{$ARGV}++;
584 die("No documentation for perl FAQ keyword `$opt_q' found\n");
590 my ($tmpfd, $tmp) = File::Temp::tempfile(UNLINK => 1);
595 my ($buffd, $buffer) = File::Temp::tempfile(UNLINK => 1);
596 print $buffd "=over 8\n\n";
597 print $buffd @pod or die "Can't print $buffer: $!";
598 print $buffd "=back\n";
599 close $buffd or die "Can't close $buffer: $!";
609 Pod::Text->new()->parse_from_file($file, $tmpfd);
612 my $cmd = catfile($bindir, $pod2man) . " --lax $file | $opt_n -man";
613 $cmd .= " | col -x" if $^O =~ /hpux/;
615 $rslt = filter_nroff($rslt) if $filter;
616 unless (($err = $?)) {
618 or die "Can't print $tmp: $!";
621 if ($opt_u or $err) {
622 open(IN,"<", $file) or die("Can't open $file: $!");
626 $cut = $1 eq 'cut' if /^=(\w+)/;
629 or die "Can't print $tmp: $!";
631 close IN or die "Can't close $file: $!";
635 or die "Can't close $tmp: $!";
636 page($tmp, $no_tty, @pagers);
642 my $nada = substr($arg, 0, 0); # zero-length
643 local $@; # preserve caller's version
644 eval { eval "# $nada" };
645 return length($@) != 0;
648 sub am_taint_checking {
649 my($k,$v) = each %ENV;
650 return is_tainted($v);
658 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in pod format.
662 B<perldoc> [B<-h>] [B<-v>] [B<-t>] [B<-u>] [B<-m>] [B<-l>] [B<-F>] [B<-X>] PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName
664 B<perldoc> B<-f> BuiltinFunction
666 B<perldoc> B<-q> FAQ Keyword
670 I<perldoc> looks up a piece of documentation in .pod format that is embedded
671 in the perl installation tree or in a perl script, and displays it via
672 C<pod2man | nroff -man | $PAGER>. (In addition, if running under HP-UX,
673 C<col -x> will be used.) This is primarily used for the documentation for
674 the perl library modules.
676 Your system may also have man pages installed for those modules, in
677 which case you can probably just use the man(1) command.
685 Prints out a brief help message.
689 Describes search for the item in detail.
691 =item B<-t> text output
693 Display docs using plain text converter, instead of nroff. This may be faster,
694 but it won't look as nice.
696 =item B<-u> unformatted
698 Find docs only; skip reformatting by pod2*
702 Display the entire module: both code and unformatted pod documentation.
703 This may be useful if the docs don't explain a function in the detail
704 you need, and you'd like to inspect the code directly; perldoc will find
705 the file for you and simply hand it off for display.
707 =item B<-l> file name only
709 Display the file name of the module found.
711 =item B<-F> file names
713 Consider arguments as file names, no search in directories will be performed.
717 The B<-f> option followed by the name of a perl built in function will
718 extract the documentation of this function from L<perlfunc>.
722 The B<-q> option takes a regular expression as an argument. It will search
723 the question headings in perlfaq[1-9] and print the entries matching
724 the regular expression.
726 =item B<-X> use an index if present
728 The B<-X> option looks for an entry whose basename matches the name given on the
729 command line in the file C<$Config{archlib}/pod.idx>. The pod.idx file should
730 contain fully qualified filenames, one per line.
732 =item B<-U> run insecurely
734 Because B<perldoc> does not run properly tainted, and is known to
735 have security issues, it will not normally execute as the superuser.
736 If you use the B<-U> flag, it will do so, but only after setting
737 the effective and real IDs to nobody's or nouser's account, or -2
738 if unavailable. If it cannot relinquish its privileges, it will not
741 =item B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>
743 The item you want to look up. Nested modules (such as C<File::Basename>)
744 are specified either as C<File::Basename> or C<File/Basename>. You may also
745 give a descriptive name of a page, such as C<perlfunc>. You may also give a
746 partial or wrong-case name, such as "basename" for "File::Basename", but
747 this will be slower, if there is more then one page with the same partial
748 name, you will only get the first one.
754 Any switches in the C<PERLDOC> environment variable will be used before the
755 command line arguments. C<perldoc> also searches directories
756 specified by the C<PERL5LIB> (or C<PERLLIB> if C<PERL5LIB> is not
757 defined) and C<PATH> environment variables.
758 (The latter is so that embedded pods for executables, such as
759 C<perldoc> itself, are available.) C<perldoc> will use, in order of
760 preference, the pager defined in C<PERLDOC_PAGER>, C<MANPAGER>, or
761 C<PAGER> before trying to find a pager on its own. (C<MANPAGER> is not
762 used if C<perldoc> was told to display plain text or unformatted pod.)
764 One useful value for C<PERLDOC_PAGER> is C<less -+C -E>.
768 This is perldoc v2.03.
772 Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>
774 Minor updates by Andy Dougherty <doughera@lafcol.lafayette.edu>,
780 # Version 2.03: Sun Apr 23 16:56:34 BST 2000
781 # Hugo van der Sanden <hv@crypt0.demon.co.uk>
782 # don't die when 'use blib' fails
783 # Version 2.02: Mon Mar 13 18:03:04 MST 2000
784 # Tom Christiansen <tchrist@perl.com>
785 # Added -U insecurity option
786 # Version 2.01: Sat Mar 11 15:22:33 MST 2000
787 # Tom Christiansen <tchrist@perl.com>, querulously.
788 # Security and correctness patches.
789 # What a twisted bit of distasteful spaghetti code.
791 # Version 1.15: Tue Aug 24 01:50:20 EST 1999
792 # Charles Wilson <cwilson@ece.gatech.edu>
793 # changed /pod/ directory to /pods/ for cygwin
794 # to support cygwin/win32
795 # Version 1.14: Wed Jul 15 01:50:20 EST 1998
796 # Robin Barker <rmb1@cise.npl.co.uk>
797 # -strict, -w cleanups
798 # Version 1.13: Fri Feb 27 16:20:50 EST 1997
799 # Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>
800 # -doc tweaks for -F and -X options
801 # Version 1.12: Sat Apr 12 22:41:09 EST 1997
802 # Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>
803 # -various fixes for win32
804 # Version 1.11: Tue Dec 26 09:54:33 EST 1995
805 # Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>
806 # -added Charles Bailey's further VMS patches, and -u switch
807 # -added -t switch, with pod2text support
809 # Version 1.10: Thu Nov 9 07:23:47 EST 1995
810 # Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>
812 # -added better error recognition (on no found pages, just exit. On
813 # missing nroff/pod2man, just display raw pod.)
814 # -added recursive/case-insensitive matching (thanks, Andreas). This
815 # slows things down a bit, unfortunately. Give a precise name, and
818 # Version 1.01: Tue May 30 14:47:34 EDT 1995
819 # Andy Dougherty <doughera@lafcol.lafayette.edu>
820 # -added pod documentation.
821 # -added PATH searching.
822 # -added searching pod/ subdirectory (mainly to pick up perlfunc.pod
828 # Cache directories read during sloppy match
831 close OUT or die "Can't close $file: $!";
832 chmod 0755, $file or die "Can't reset permissions for $file: $!\n";
833 exec("$Config{'eunicefix'} $file") if $Config{'eunicefix'} ne ':';