4 use File::Basename qw(&basename &dirname);
7 # List explicitly here the variables you want Configure to
8 # generate. Metaconfig only looks for shell variables, so you
9 # have to mention them as if they were shell variables, not
10 # %Config entries. Thus you write
12 # to ensure Configure will look for $Config{startperl}.
14 # This forces PL files to create target in same directory as PL file.
15 # This is so that make depend always knows where to find PL derivatives.
18 $file = basename($0, '.PL');
19 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
21 open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
23 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
25 # In this section, perl variables will be expanded during extraction.
26 # You can use $Config{...} to use Configure variables.
28 print OUT <<"!GROK!THIS!";
30 eval 'exec $Config{perlpath} -S \$0 \${1+"\$@"}'
36 # make sure creat()s are neither too much nor too little
37 INIT { eval { umask(0077) } } # doubtless someone has no mask
39 (my \$pager = <<'/../') =~ s/\\s*\\z//;
43 push \@pagers, \$pager if -x \$pager;
45 (my \$bindir = <<'/../') =~ s/\\s*\\z//;
51 # In the following, perl variables are not expanded during extraction.
53 print OUT <<'!NO!SUBS!';
55 use Fcntl; # for sysopen
58 use File::Spec::Functions qw(catfile splitdir);
61 # Perldoc revision #1 -- look up a piece of documentation in .pod format that
62 # is embedded in the perl installation tree.
64 # This is not to be confused with Tom Christiansen's perlman, which is a
65 # man replacement, written in perl. This perldoc is strictly for reading
66 # the perl manuals, though it too is written in perl.
68 # Massive security and correctness patches applied to this
69 # noisome program by Tom Christiansen Sat Mar 11 15:22:33 MST 2000
72 my $me = $0; # Editing $0 is unportable
75 Usage: $me [-h] [-r] [-i] [-v] [-t] [-u] [-m] [-n program] [-l] [-F] [-X] PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName
79 The -h option prints more help. Also try "perldoc perldoc" to get
80 acquainted with the system.
84 my @global_found = ();
85 my $global_target = "";
87 my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
88 my $Is_MSWin32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
89 my $Is_Dos = $^O eq 'dos';
90 my $Is_OS2 = $^O eq 'os2';
94 # Erase evidence of previous errors (if any), so exit status is simple.
97 perldoc [options] PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName...
98 perldoc [options] -f BuiltinFunction
99 perldoc [options] -q FAQRegex
102 -h Display this help message
103 -r Recursive search (slow)
105 -t Display pod using pod2text instead of pod2man and nroff
106 (-t is the default on win32)
107 -u Display unformatted pod text
108 -m Display module's file in its entirety
109 -n Specify replacement for nroff
110 -l Display the module's file name
111 -F Arguments are file names, not modules
112 -v Verbosely describe what's going on
113 -X use index if present (looks for pod.idx at $Config{archlib})
114 -q Search the text of questions (not answers) in perlfaq[1-9]
115 -U Run in insecure mode (superuser only)
117 PageName|ModuleName...
118 is the name of a piece of documentation that you want to look at. You
119 may either give a descriptive name of the page (as in the case of
120 `perlfunc') the name of a module, either like `Term::Info',
121 `Term/Info', the partial name of a module, like `info', or
122 `makemaker', or the name of a program, like `perldoc'.
125 is the name of a perl function. Will extract documentation from
129 is a regex. Will search perlfaq[1-9] for and extract any
130 questions that match.
132 Any switches in the PERLDOC environment variable will be used before the
133 command line arguments. The optional pod index file contains a list of
134 filenames, one per line.
139 if (defined $ENV{"PERLDOC"}) {
140 require Text::ParseWords;
141 unshift(@ARGV, Text::ParseWords::shellwords($ENV{"PERLDOC"}));
145 my $getopts = "mhtluvriFf:Xq:n:U";
146 print OUT <<"!GET!OPTS!";
148 use vars qw( @{[map "\$opt_$_", ($getopts =~ /\w/g)]} );
150 getopts("$getopts") || usage;
153 print OUT <<'!NO!SUBS!';
157 # refuse to run if we should be tainting and aren't
158 # (but regular users deserve protection too, though!)
159 if (!($Is_VMS || $Is_MSWin32 || $Is_Dos || $Is_OS2) && ($> == 0 || $< == 0)
160 && !am_taint_checking())
163 my $id = eval { getpwnam("nobody") };
164 $id = eval { getpwnam("nouser") } unless defined $id;
165 $id = -2 unless defined $id;
167 $> = $id; # must do this one first!
170 last if !$@ && $< && $>;
172 die "Superuser must not run $0 without security audit and taint checks.\n";
175 $opt_n = "nroff" if !$opt_n;
179 $podidx = "$Config{'archlib'}/pod.idx";
180 $podidx = "" unless -f $podidx && -r _ && -M _ <= 7;
183 if ((my $opts = do{ no warnings; $opt_t + $opt_u + $opt_m + $opt_l }) > 1) {
184 usage("only one of -t, -u, -m or -l")
188 || !($ENV{TERM} && $ENV{TERM} !~ /dumb|emacs|none|unknown/i))
190 $opt_t = 1 unless $opts;
193 if ($opt_t) { require Pod::Text; import Pod::Text; }
197 @pages = ("perlfunc");
200 @pages = ("perlfaq1" .. "perlfaq9");
206 # Does this look like a module or extension directory?
207 if (-f "Makefile.PL") {
209 # Add ., lib to @INC (if they exist)
210 eval q{ use lib qw(. lib); 1; } or die;
212 # don't add if superuser
213 if ($< && $> && -f "blib") { # don't be looking too hard now!
214 eval q{ use blib; 1 };
215 warn $@ if $@ && $opt_v;
220 my($file, $readit) = @_;
221 return 1 if !$readit && $file =~ /\.pod\z/i;
223 open(TEST,"<", $file) or die "Can't open $file: $!";
226 close(TEST) or die "Can't close $file: $!";
230 close(TEST) or die "Can't close $file: $!";
236 my $path = catfile($dir,$file);
237 return $path if -f $path and -r _;
238 if (!$opt_i or $Is_VMS or $Is_MSWin32 or $Is_Dos or $^O eq 'os2') {
239 # on a case-forgiving file system or if case is important
240 # that is it all we can do
241 warn "Ignored $path: unreadable\n" if -f _;
245 # this is completely wicked. don't mess with $", and if
246 # you do, don't assume / is the dirsep!
250 foreach $p (splitdir $file){
251 my $try = catfile @p, $p;
255 if ( $p eq $global_target) {
256 my $tmp_path = catfile @p;
258 for (@global_found) {
259 $path_f = 1 if $_ eq $tmp_path;
261 push (@global_found, $tmp_path) unless $path_f;
262 print STDERR "Found as @p but directory\n" if $opt_v;
265 elsif (-f _ && -r _) {
269 warn "Ignored $try: unreadable\n";
274 opendir DIR, "@p" or die "opendir @p: $!";
275 while ($cip=readdir(DIR)) {
276 if (lc $cip eq $lcp){
281 closedir DIR or die "closedir @p: $!";
282 return "" unless $found;
284 return "@p" if -f "@p" and -r _;
285 warn "Ignored @p: unreadable\n" if -f _;
294 return "" if length $dir and not -d $dir;
296 return minus_f_nocase($dir,$file);
299 my $path = minus_f_nocase($dir,$file);
300 return $path if length $path and containspod($path);
307 my($recurse,$s,@dirs) = @_;
309 $s = VMS::Filespec::unixify($s) if $Is_VMS;
310 return $s if -f $s && containspod($s);
311 printf STDERR "Looking for $s in @dirs\n" if $opt_v;
315 $global_target = (splitdir $s)[-1]; # XXX: why not use File::Basename?
316 for ($i=0; $i<@dirs; $i++) {
318 ($dir = VMS::Filespec::unixpath($dir)) =~ s!/\z!! if $Is_VMS;
319 if ( ( $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.pod")
320 or ( $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.pm")
321 or ( $ret = check_file $dir,$s)
323 $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.com")
324 or ( $^O eq 'os2' and
325 $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.cmd")
326 or ( ($Is_MSWin32 or $Is_Dos or $^O eq 'os2') and
327 $ret = check_file $dir,"$s.bat")
328 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pod","$s.pod")
329 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pod",$s)
330 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pods","$s.pod")
331 or ( $ret = check_file "$dir/pods",$s)
337 opendir(D,$dir) or die "Can't opendir $dir: $!";
338 my @newdirs = map catfile($dir, $_), grep {
340 not /^auto\z/s and # save time! don't search auto dirs
343 closedir(D) or die "Can't closedir $dir: $!";
344 next unless @newdirs;
346 @newdirs = map((s/\.dir\z//,$_)[1],@newdirs) if $Is_VMS;
347 print STDERR "Also looking in @newdirs\n" if $opt_v;
348 push(@dirs,@newdirs);
355 my @data = split /\n{2,}/, shift;
356 shift @data while @data and $data[0] !~ /\S/; # Go to header
357 shift @data if @data and $data[0] =~ /Contributed\s+Perl/; # Skip header
358 pop @data if @data and $data[-1] =~ /^\w/; # Skip footer, like
359 # 28/Jan/99 perl 5.005, patch 53 1
364 my ($tmp, $no_tty, @pagers) = @_;
366 open(TMP,"<", $tmp) or die "Can't open $tmp: $!";
369 print or die "Can't print to stdout: $!";
371 close TMP or die "Can't close while $tmp: $!";
374 # On VMS, quoting prevents logical expansion, and temp files with no
375 # extension get the wrong default extension (such as .LIS for TYPE)
377 $tmp = VMS::Filespec::rmsexpand($tmp, '.') if ($Is_VMS);
378 foreach my $pager (@pagers) {
380 last if system("$pager $tmp") == 0;
382 last if system("$pager \"$tmp\"") == 0;
390 if ($podidx && open(PODIDX, $podidx)) {
391 my $searchfor = catfile split '::';
392 print STDERR "Searching for '$searchfor' in $podidx\n" if $opt_v;
396 push(@found, $_) if m,/$searchfor(?:\.(?:pod|pm))?\z,i;
398 close(PODIDX) or die "Can't close $podidx: $!";
401 print STDERR "Searching for $_\n" if $opt_v;
404 push @found, $_ if $opt_m or containspod($_);
407 # We must look both in @INC for library modules and in $bindir
408 # for executables, like h2xs or perldoc itself.
409 my @searchdirs = ($bindir, @INC);
413 for ($i = 0; $trn = $ENV{'DCL$PATH;'.$i}; $i++) {
414 push(@searchdirs,$trn);
416 push(@searchdirs,'perl_root:[lib.pod]') # installed pods
419 push(@searchdirs, grep(-d, split($Config{path_sep},
423 my @files = searchfor(0,$_,@searchdirs);
425 print STDERR "Found as @files\n" if $opt_v;
428 # no match, try recursive search
429 @searchdirs = grep(!/^\.\z/s,@INC);
430 @files= searchfor(1,$_,@searchdirs) if $opt_r;
432 print STDERR "Loosely found as @files\n" if $opt_v;
435 print STDERR "No documentation found for \"$_\".\n";
437 print STDERR "However, try\n";
438 for my $dir (@global_found) {
439 opendir(DIR, $dir) or die "opendir $dir: $!";
440 while (my $file = readdir(DIR)) {
441 next if ($file =~ /^\./s);
442 $file =~ s/\.(pm|pod)\z//; # XXX: badfs
443 print STDERR "\tperldoc $_\::$file\n";
445 closedir DIR or die "closedir $dir: $!";
454 exit ($Is_VMS ? 98962 : 1);
458 print join("\n", @found), "\n";
462 my $lines = $ENV{LINES} || 24;
465 if (! -t STDOUT) { $no_tty = 1 }
466 END { close(STDOUT) || die "Can't close STDOUT: $!" }
469 push @pagers, qw( more< less notepad );
470 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PAGER} if $ENV{PAGER};
471 for (@found) { s,/,\\,g }
474 push @pagers, qw( most more less type/page );
477 push @pagers, qw( less.exe more.com< );
478 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PAGER} if $ENV{PAGER};
482 unshift @pagers, 'less', 'cmd /c more <';
484 push @pagers, qw( more less pg view cat );
485 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PAGER} if $ENV{PAGER};
487 unshift @pagers, $ENV{PERLDOC_PAGER} if $ENV{PERLDOC_PAGER};
490 foreach my $pager (@pagers) {
491 if (system($pager, @found) == 0) {
497 use vmsish qw(status exit);
507 my $perlfunc = shift @found;
508 open(PFUNC, "<", $perlfunc)
509 or die("Can't open $perlfunc: $!");
511 # Functions like -r, -e, etc. are listed under `-X'.
512 my $search_string = ($opt_f =~ /^-[rwxoRWXOeszfdlpSbctugkTBMAC]$/)
518 last if /^=head2 Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions/;
521 # Look for our function
525 if (/^=item\s+\Q$search_string\E\b/o) {
529 last if $found > 1 and not $inlist;
539 ++$found if /^\w/; # found descriptive text
542 die "No documentation for perl function `$opt_f' found\n";
544 close PFUNC or die "Can't open $perlfunc: $!";
548 local @ARGV = @found; # I'm lazy, sue me.
551 my $rx = eval { qr/$opt_q/ } or die <<EOD;
552 Invalid regular expression '$opt_q' given as -q pattern:
554 Did you mean \\Q$opt_q ?
558 for (@found) { die "invalid file spec: $!" if /[<>|]/ }
561 if (/^=head2\s+.*(?:$opt_q)/oi) {
563 push @pod, "=head1 Found in $ARGV\n\n" unless $found_in{$ARGV}++;
572 die("No documentation for perl FAQ keyword `$opt_q' found\n");
578 my ($tmpfd, $tmp) = File::Temp::tempfile(UNLINK => 1);
583 my ($buffd, $buffer) = File::Temp::tempfile(UNLINK => 1);
584 print $buffd "=over 8\n\n";
585 print $buffd @pod or die "Can't print $buffer: $!";
586 print $buffd "=back\n";
587 close $buffd or die "Can't close $buffer: $!";
597 Pod::Text->new()->parse_from_file($file, $tmpfd);
600 my $cmd = catfile($bindir, 'pod2man') . " --lax $file | $opt_n -man";
601 $cmd .= " | col -x" if $^O =~ /hpux/;
603 $rslt = filter_nroff($rslt) if $filter;
604 unless (($err = $?)) {
606 or die "Can't print $tmp: $!";
609 if ($opt_u or $err) {
610 open(IN,"<", $file) or die("Can't open $file: $!");
614 $cut = $1 eq 'cut' if /^=(\w+)/;
617 or die "Can't print $tmp: $!";
619 close IN or die "Can't close $file: $!";
623 or die "Can't close $tmp: $!";
624 page($tmp, $no_tty, @pagers);
630 my $nada = substr($arg, 0, 0); # zero-length
631 local $@; # preserve caller's version
632 eval { eval "# $nada" };
633 return length($@) != 0;
636 sub am_taint_checking {
637 my($k,$v) = each %ENV;
638 return is_tainted($v);
646 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in pod format.
650 B<perldoc> [B<-h>] [B<-v>] [B<-t>] [B<-u>] [B<-m>] [B<-l>] [B<-F>] [B<-X>] PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName
652 B<perldoc> B<-f> BuiltinFunction
654 B<perldoc> B<-q> FAQ Keyword
658 I<perldoc> looks up a piece of documentation in .pod format that is embedded
659 in the perl installation tree or in a perl script, and displays it via
660 C<pod2man | nroff -man | $PAGER>. (In addition, if running under HP-UX,
661 C<col -x> will be used.) This is primarily used for the documentation for
662 the perl library modules.
664 Your system may also have man pages installed for those modules, in
665 which case you can probably just use the man(1) command.
673 Prints out a brief help message.
677 Describes search for the item in detail.
679 =item B<-t> text output
681 Display docs using plain text converter, instead of nroff. This may be faster,
682 but it won't look as nice.
684 =item B<-u> unformatted
686 Find docs only; skip reformatting by pod2*
690 Display the entire module: both code and unformatted pod documentation.
691 This may be useful if the docs don't explain a function in the detail
692 you need, and you'd like to inspect the code directly; perldoc will find
693 the file for you and simply hand it off for display.
695 =item B<-l> file name only
697 Display the file name of the module found.
699 =item B<-F> file names
701 Consider arguments as file names, no search in directories will be performed.
705 The B<-f> option followed by the name of a perl built in function will
706 extract the documentation of this function from L<perlfunc>.
710 The B<-q> option takes a regular expression as an argument. It will search
711 the question headings in perlfaq[1-9] and print the entries matching
712 the regular expression.
714 =item B<-X> use an index if present
716 The B<-X> option looks for a entry whose basename matches the name given on the
717 command line in the file C<$Config{archlib}/pod.idx>. The pod.idx file should
718 contain fully qualified filenames, one per line.
720 =item B<-U> run insecurely
722 Because B<perldoc> does not run properly tainted, and is known to
723 have security issues, it will not normally execute as the superuser.
724 If you use the B<-U> flag, it will do so, but only after setting
725 the effective and real IDs to nobody's or nouser's account, or -2
726 if unavailable. If it cannot relinguish its privileges, it will not
729 =item B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>
731 The item you want to look up. Nested modules (such as C<File::Basename>)
732 are specified either as C<File::Basename> or C<File/Basename>. You may also
733 give a descriptive name of a page, such as C<perlfunc>. You may also give a
734 partial or wrong-case name, such as "basename" for "File::Basename", but
735 this will be slower, if there is more then one page with the same partial
736 name, you will only get the first one.
742 Any switches in the C<PERLDOC> environment variable will be used before the
743 command line arguments. C<perldoc> also searches directories
744 specified by the C<PERL5LIB> (or C<PERLLIB> if C<PERL5LIB> is not
745 defined) and C<PATH> environment variables.
746 (The latter is so that embedded pods for executables, such as
747 C<perldoc> itself, are available.) C<perldoc> will use, in order of
748 preference, the pager defined in C<PERLDOC_PAGER>, C<MANPAGER>, or
749 C<PAGER> before trying to find a pager on its own. (C<MANPAGER> is not
750 used if C<perldoc> was told to display plain text or unformatted pod.)
752 One useful value for C<PERLDOC_PAGER> is C<less -+C -E>.
756 This is perldoc v2.03.
760 Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>
762 Minor updates by Andy Dougherty <doughera@lafcol.lafayette.edu>,
768 # Version 2.03: Sun Apr 23 16:56:34 BST 2000
769 # Hugo van der Sanden <hv@crypt0.demon.co.uk>
770 # don't die when 'use blib' fails
771 # Version 2.02: Mon Mar 13 18:03:04 MST 2000
772 # Tom Christiansen <tchrist@perl.com>
773 # Added -U insecurity option
774 # Version 2.01: Sat Mar 11 15:22:33 MST 2000
775 # Tom Christiansen <tchrist@perl.com>, querulously.
776 # Security and correctness patches.
777 # What a twisted bit of distasteful spaghetti code.
779 # Version 1.15: Tue Aug 24 01:50:20 EST 1999
780 # Charles Wilson <cwilson@ece.gatech.edu>
781 # changed /pod/ directory to /pods/ for cygwin
782 # to support cygwin/win32
783 # Version 1.14: Wed Jul 15 01:50:20 EST 1998
784 # Robin Barker <rmb1@cise.npl.co.uk>
785 # -strict, -w cleanups
786 # Version 1.13: Fri Feb 27 16:20:50 EST 1997
787 # Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>
788 # -doc tweaks for -F and -X options
789 # Version 1.12: Sat Apr 12 22:41:09 EST 1997
790 # Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>
791 # -various fixes for win32
792 # Version 1.11: Tue Dec 26 09:54:33 EST 1995
793 # Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>
794 # -added Charles Bailey's further VMS patches, and -u switch
795 # -added -t switch, with pod2text support
797 # Version 1.10: Thu Nov 9 07:23:47 EST 1995
798 # Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>
800 # -added better error recognition (on no found pages, just exit. On
801 # missing nroff/pod2man, just display raw pod.)
802 # -added recursive/case-insensitive matching (thanks, Andreas). This
803 # slows things down a bit, unfortunately. Give a precise name, and
806 # Version 1.01: Tue May 30 14:47:34 EDT 1995
807 # Andy Dougherty <doughera@lafcol.lafayette.edu>
808 # -added pod documentation.
809 # -added PATH searching.
810 # -added searching pod/ subdirectory (mainly to pick up perlfunc.pod
816 # Cache directories read during sloppy match
819 close OUT or die "Can't close $file: $!";
820 chmod 0755, $file or die "Can't reset permissions for $file: $!\n";
821 exec("$Config{'eunicefix'} $file") if $Config{'eunicefix'} ne ':';