4 use File::Basename qw(&basename &dirname);
7 # List explicitly here the variables you want Configure to
8 # generate. Metaconfig only looks for shell variables, so you
9 # have to mention them as if they were shell variables, not
10 # %Config entries. Thus you write
12 # to ensure Configure will look for $Config{startperl}.
14 # This forces PL files to create target in same directory as PL file.
15 # This is so that make depend always knows where to find PL derivatives.
18 $file = basename($0, '.PL');
19 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
21 open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
23 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
25 # In this section, perl variables will be expanded during extraction.
26 # You can use $Config{...} to use Configure variables.
28 print OUT <<"!GROK!THIS!";
30 eval 'exec $Config{perlpath} -S \$0 \${1+"\$@"}'
31 if \$running_under_some_shell;
34 # In the following, perl variables are not expanded during extraction.
36 print OUT <<'!NO!SUBS!';
40 h2xs - convert .h C header files to Perl extensions
44 B<h2xs> [B<-AOPXcdf>] [B<-v> version] [B<-n> module_name] [B<-p> prefix] [B<-s> sub] [headerfile ... [extra_libraries]]
50 I<h2xs> builds a Perl extension from C header files. The extension
51 will include functions which can be used to retrieve the value of any
52 #define statement which was in the C header files.
54 The I<module_name> will be used for the name of the extension. If
55 module_name is not supplied then the name of the first header file
56 will be used, with the first character capitalized.
58 If the extension might need extra libraries, they should be included
59 here. The extension Makefile.PL will take care of checking whether
60 the libraries actually exist and how they should be loaded.
61 The extra libraries should be specified in the form -lm -lposix, etc,
62 just as on the cc command line. By default, the Makefile.PL will
63 search through the library path determined by Configure. That path
64 can be augmented by including arguments of the form B<-L/another/library/path>
65 in the extra-libraries argument.
73 Omit all autoload facilities. This is the same as B<-c> but also removes the
74 S<C<use AutoLoader>> statement from the .pm file.
78 Additional flags to specify to C preprocessor when scanning header for
79 function declarations. Should not be used without B<-x>.
83 Allows a pre-existing extension directory to be overwritten.
87 Omit the autogenerated stub POD section.
91 Omit the XS portion. Used to generate templates for a module which is not
92 XS-based. C<-c> and C<-f> are implicitly enabled.
96 Omit C<constant()> from the .xs file and corresponding specialised
97 C<AUTOLOAD> from the .pm file.
101 Turn on debugging messages.
105 Allows an extension to be created for a header even if that header is
106 not found in /usr/include.
110 Print the usage, help and version for this h2xs and exit.
112 =item B<-n> I<module_name>
114 Specifies a name to be used for the extension, e.g., S<-n RPC::DCE>
116 =item B<-p> I<prefix>
118 Specify a prefix which should be removed from the Perl function names, e.g., S<-p sec_rgy_>
119 This sets up the XS B<PREFIX> keyword and removes the prefix from functions that are
120 autoloaded via the C<constant()> mechanism.
122 =item B<-s> I<sub1,sub2>
124 Create a perl subroutine for the specified macros rather than autoload with the constant() subroutine.
125 These macros are assumed to have a return type of B<char *>, e.g., S<-s sec_rgy_wildcard_name,sec_rgy_wildcard_sid>.
127 =item B<-v> I<version>
129 Specify a version number for this extension. This version number is added
130 to the templates. The default is 0.01.
134 Automatically generate XSUBs basing on function declarations in the
135 header file. The package C<C::Scan> should be installed. If this
136 option is specified, the name of the header file may look like
137 C<NAME1,NAME2>. In this case NAME1 is used instead of the specified string,
138 but XSUBs are emitted only for the declarations included from file NAME2.
140 Note that some types of arguments/return-values for functions may
141 result in XSUB-declarations/typemap-entries which need
142 hand-editing. Such may be objects which cannot be converted from/to a
143 pointer (like C<long long>), pointers to functions, or arrays.
150 # Default behavior, extension is Rusers
153 # Same, but extension is RUSERS
154 h2xs -n RUSERS rpcsvc/rusers
156 # Extension is rpcsvc::rusers. Still finds <rpcsvc/rusers.h>
159 # Extension is ONC::RPC. Still finds <rpcsvc/rusers.h>
160 h2xs -n ONC::RPC rpcsvc/rusers
162 # Without constant() or AUTOLOAD
163 h2xs -c rpcsvc/rusers
165 # Creates templates for an extension named RPC
168 # Extension is ONC::RPC.
171 # Makefile.PL will look for library -lrpc in
172 # additional directory /opt/net/lib
173 h2xs rpcsvc/rusers -L/opt/net/lib -lrpc
175 # Extension is DCE::rgynbase
176 # prefix "sec_rgy_" is dropped from perl function names
177 h2xs -n DCE::rgynbase -p sec_rgy_ dce/rgynbase
179 # Extension is DCE::rgynbase
180 # prefix "sec_rgy_" is dropped from perl function names
181 # subroutines are created for sec_rgy_wildcard_name and sec_rgy_wildcard_sid
182 h2xs -n DCE::rgynbase -p sec_rgy_ \
183 -s sec_rgy_wildcard_name,sec_rgy_wildcard_sid dce/rgynbase
185 # Make XS without defines in perl.h, but with function declarations
186 # visible from perl.h. Name of the extension is perl1.
187 # When scanning perl.h, define -DEXT=extern -DdEXT= -DINIT(x)=
188 # Extra backslashes below because the string is passed to shell.
189 # Note that a directory with perl header files would
190 # be added automatically to include path.
191 h2xs -xAn perl1 -F "-DEXT=extern -DdEXT= -DINIT\(x\)=" perl.h
193 # Same with function declaration in proto.h as visible from perl.h.
194 h2xs -xAn perl2 perl.h,proto.h
198 No environment variables are used.
202 Larry Wall and others
206 L<perl>, L<perlxstut>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>, and L<AutoLoader>.
210 The usual warnings if it cannot read or write the files involved.
214 my( $H2XS_VERSION ) = ' $Revision: 1.19 $ ' =~ /\$Revision:\s+([^\s]+)/;
215 my $TEMPLATE_VERSION = '0.01';
221 die "h2xs [-AOPXcdfh] [-v version] [-n module_name] [-p prefix] [-s subs] [headerfile [extra_libraries]]
222 version: $H2XS_VERSION
223 -A Omit all autoloading facilities (implies -c).
224 -F Additional flags for C preprocessor (used with -x).
225 -O Allow overwriting of a pre-existing extension directory.
226 -P Omit the stub POD section.
227 -X Omit the XS portion (implies both -c and -f).
228 -c Omit the constant() function and specialised AUTOLOAD from the XS file.
229 -d Turn on debugging messages.
230 -f Force creation of the extension even if the C header does not exist.
231 -h Display this help message
232 -n Specify a name to use for the extension (recommended).
233 -p Specify a prefix which should be removed from the Perl function names.
234 -s Create subroutines for specified macros.
235 -v Specify a version number for this extension.
236 -x Autogenerate XSUBs using C::Scan.
238 are any libraries that might be needed for loading the
239 extension, e.g. -lm would try to link in the math library.
244 getopts("AF:OPXcdfhn:p:s:v:x") || usage;
249 $TEMPLATE_VERSION = $opt_v;
253 $opt_c = 1 if $opt_A;
255 # -X implies -c and -f
256 $opt_c = $opt_f = 1 if $opt_X;
258 %const_xsub = map { $_,1 } split(/,+/, $opt_s) if $opt_s;
260 while (my $arg = shift) {
261 if ($arg =~ /^-l/i) {
262 $extralibs = "$arg @ARGV";
268 usage "Must supply header file or module name\n"
269 unless (@path_h or $opt_n);
273 foreach my $path_h (@path_h) {
275 if( $path_h =~ s#::#/#g && $opt_n ){
276 warn "Nesting of headerfile ignored with -n\n";
278 $path_h .= ".h" unless $path_h =~ /\.h$/;
280 $path_h =~ s/,.*$// if $opt_x;
281 if ($^O eq 'VMS') { # Consider overrides of default location
282 if ($path_h !~ m![:>\[]!) {
283 my($hadsys) = ($path_h =~ s!^sys/!!i);
284 if ($ENV{'DECC$System_Include'}) { $path_h = "DECC\$System_Include:$path_h"; }
285 elsif ($ENV{'DECC$Library_Include'}) { $path_h = "DECC\$Library_Include:$path_h"; }
286 elsif ($ENV{'GNU_CC_Include'}) { $path_h = 'GNU_CC_Include:' .
287 ($hadsys ? '[vms]' : '[000000]') . $path_h; }
288 elsif ($ENV{'VAXC$Include'}) { $path_h = "VAXC\$_Include:$path_h"; }
289 else { $path_h = "Sys\$Library:$path_h"; }
292 elsif ($^O eq 'os2') {
293 $path_h = "/usr/include/$path_h"
294 if $path_h !~ m#^([a-z]:)?[./]#i and -r "/usr/include/$path_h";
297 $path_h = "/usr/include/$path_h"
298 if $path_h !~ m#^[./]# and -r "/usr/include/$path_h";
302 die "Can't find $path_h\n" if ( ! $opt_f && ! -f $path_h );
303 # Scan the header file (we should deal with nested header files)
304 # Record the names of simple #define constants into const_names
305 # Function prototypes are processed below.
306 open(CH, "<$path_h") || die "Can't open $path_h: $!\n";
308 if (/^#[ \t]*define\s+([\$\w]+)\b\s*[^("]/) {
309 print "Matched $_ ($1)\n" if $opt_d;
311 next if /^_.*_h_*$/i; # special case, but for what?
312 if (defined $opt_p) {
313 if (!/^$opt_p(\d)/) {
314 ++$prefix{$_} if s/^$opt_p//;
317 warn "can't remove $opt_p prefix from '$_'!\n";
326 @const_names = sort keys %const_names;
330 $module = $opt_n || do {
339 (chdir 'ext', $ext = 'ext/') if -d 'ext';
341 if( $module =~ /::/ ){
343 @modparts = split(/::/,$module);
344 $modfname = $modparts[-1];
345 $modpname = join('/',@modparts);
350 $modfname = $modpname = $module;
355 warn "Overwriting existing $ext$modpname!!!\n" if -e $modpname;
357 die "Won't overwrite existing $ext$modpname\n" if -e $modpname;
362 mkdir("$modpath$_", 0777);
366 mkdir($modpname, 0777);
367 chdir($modpname) || die "Can't chdir $ext$modpname: $!\n";
372 my $fdecls_parsed = [];
374 if( ! $opt_X ){ # use XS, unless it was disabled
375 open(XS, ">$modfname.xs") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$modfname.xs: $!\n";
377 require C::Scan; # Run-time directive
378 require Config; # Run-time directive
379 warn "Scanning typemaps...\n";
383 foreach my $filename (@path_h) {
384 my $addflags = $opt_F || '';
385 if ($fullpath =~ /,/) {
389 warn "Scanning $filename for functions...\n";
390 $c = new C::Scan 'filename' => $filename, 'filename_filter' => $filter,
391 'add_cppflags' => $addflags;
392 $c->set('includeDirs' => ["$Config::Config{archlib}/CORE"]);
394 push @$fdecls_parsed, @{ $c->get('parsed_fdecls') };
395 push(@$fdecls, @{$c->get('fdecls')});
400 open(PM, ">$modfname.pm") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$modfname.pm: $!\n";
403 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/$modfname.pm\n";
411 if( $opt_X || $opt_c || $opt_A ){
412 # we won't have our own AUTOLOAD(), so won't have $AUTOLOAD
414 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK);
418 # we'll have an AUTOLOAD(), and it will have $AUTOLOAD and
423 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $AUTOLOAD);
432 print PM <<"END" if ! $opt_X; # use DynaLoader, unless XS was disabled
437 # Are we using AutoLoader or not?
438 unless ($opt_A) { # no autoloader whatsoever.
439 unless ($opt_c) { # we're doing the AUTOLOAD
440 print PM "use AutoLoader;\n";
443 print PM "use AutoLoader qw(AUTOLOAD);\n"
448 my $myISA = '@ISA = qw(Exporter'; # We seem to always want this.
449 $myISA .= ' DynaLoader' unless $opt_X; # no XS
451 print PM "\n$myISA\n\n";
454 # Items to export into callers namespace by default. Note: do not export
455 # names by default without a very good reason. Use EXPORT_OK instead.
456 # Do not simply export all your public functions/methods/constants.
460 \$VERSION = '$TEMPLATE_VERSION';
464 print PM <<"END" unless $opt_c or $opt_X;
466 # This AUTOLOAD is used to 'autoload' constants from the constant()
467 # XS function. If a constant is not found then control is passed
468 # to the AUTOLOAD in AutoLoader.
471 (\$constname = \$AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*:://;
472 croak "&$module::constant not defined" if \$constname eq 'constant';
473 my \$val = constant(\$constname, \@_ ? \$_[0] : 0);
475 if (\$!{EINVAL} || \$! =~ /Invalid/) {
476 \$AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD = \$AUTOLOAD;
477 goto &AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD;
480 croak "Your vendor has not defined $module macro \$constname";
484 *\$AUTOLOAD = sub () { \$val };
490 if( ! $opt_X ){ # print bootstrap, unless XS is disabled
492 bootstrap $module \$VERSION;
496 if( $opt_P ){ # if POD is disabled
505 # Preloaded methods go here.
508 print PM <<"END" unless $opt_A;
510 # Autoload methods go after $after, and are processed by the autosplit program.
519 $author = "A. U. Thor";
520 $email = 'a.u.thor@a.galaxy.far.far.away';
524 if (@const_names and not $opt_P) {
526 \n=head1 Exported constants
528 @{[join "\n ", @const_names]}
532 if (defined $fdecls and @$fdecls and not $opt_P) {
534 \n=head1 Exported functions
536 @{[join "\n ", @$fdecls]}
541 $pod = <<"END" unless $opt_P;
542 ## Below is the stub of documentation for your module. You better edit it!
546 #$module - Perl extension for blah blah blah
555 #Stub documentation for $module was created by h2xs. It looks like the
556 #author of the extension was negligent enough to leave the stub
560 #$const_doc$fdecl_doc
572 $pod =~ s/^\#//gm unless $opt_P;
573 print PM $pod unless $opt_P;
578 if( ! $opt_X ){ # print XS, unless it is disabled
579 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/$modfname.xs\n";
588 foreach my $path_h (@path_h) {
590 $h =~ s#^/usr/include/##;
591 if ($^O eq 'VMS') { $h =~ s#.*vms\]#sys/# or $h =~ s#.*[:>\]]##; }
592 print XS qq{#include <$h>\n};
602 croak("$module::%s not implemented on this architecture", s);
607 constant(char *name, int arg)
613 my(@AZ, @az, @under);
615 foreach(@const_names){
616 @AZ = 'A' .. 'Z' if !@AZ && /^[A-Z]/;
617 @az = 'a' .. 'z' if !@az && /^[a-z]/;
618 @under = '_' if !@under && /^_/;
621 foreach $letter (@AZ, @az, @under) {
623 last if $letter eq 'a' && !@const_names;
625 print XS " case '$letter':\n";
627 while (substr($const_names[0],0,1) eq $letter) {
628 $name = shift(@const_names);
629 $macro = $prefix{$name} ? "$opt_p$name" : $name;
630 next if $const_xsub{$macro};
632 if (strEQ(name, "$name"))
657 $prefix = "PREFIX = $opt_p" if defined $opt_p;
658 # Now switch from C to XS by issuing the first MODULE declaration:
661 MODULE = $module PACKAGE = $module $prefix
665 foreach (sort keys %const_xsub) {
674 croak("Your vendor has not defined the $module macro $_");
683 # If a constant() function was written then output a corresponding
685 print XS <<"END" unless $opt_c;
700 my ($type, $name, $args) = @$decl;
701 return if $seen_decl{$name}++; # Need to do the same for docs as well?
703 my @argnames = map {$_->[1]} @$args;
704 my @argtypes = map { normalize_type( $_->[0] ) } @$args;
705 my @argarrays = map { $_->[4] || '' } @$args;
706 my $numargs = @$args;
707 if ($numargs and $argtypes[-1] eq '...') {
709 $argnames[-1] = '...';
712 $type = normalize_type($type);
720 for $arg (0 .. $numargs - 1) {
722 $argtypes[$arg] $argnames[$arg]$argarrays[$arg]
727 # Should be called before any actual call to normalize_type().
729 # We do not want to read ./typemap by obvios reasons.
730 my @tm = qw(../../../typemap ../../typemap ../typemap);
731 my $stdtypemap = "$Config::Config{privlib}/ExtUtils/typemap";
732 unshift @tm, $stdtypemap;
733 my $proto_re = "[" . quotemeta('\$%&*@;') . "]" ;
736 foreach $typemap (@tm) {
737 next unless -e $typemap ;
738 # skip directories, binary files etc.
739 warn " Scanning $typemap\n";
740 warn("Warning: ignoring non-text typemap file '$typemap'\n"), next
742 open(TYPEMAP, $typemap)
743 or warn ("Warning: could not open typemap file '$typemap': $!\n"), next;
744 my $mode = 'Typemap';
747 if (/^INPUT\s*$/) { $mode = 'Input'; next; }
748 elsif (/^OUTPUT\s*$/) { $mode = 'Output'; next; }
749 elsif (/^TYPEMAP\s*$/) { $mode = 'Typemap'; next; }
750 elsif ($mode eq 'Typemap') {
751 next if /^\s*($|\#)/ ;
752 if ( ($type, $image) =
753 /^\s*(.*?\S)\s+(\S+)\s*($proto_re*)\s*$/o
754 # This may reference undefined functions:
755 and not ($image eq 'T_PACKED' and $typemap eq $stdtypemap)) {
756 normalize_type($type);
760 close(TYPEMAP) or die "Cannot close $typemap: $!";
762 %std_types = %types_seen;
768 my $ignore_mods = '(?:\b(?:__const__|static|inline|__inline__)\b\s*)*';
770 $type =~ s/$ignore_mods//go;
771 $type =~ s/([\]\[()])/ \1 /g;
775 $type =~ s/\b\*/ */g;
776 $type =~ s/\*\b/* /g;
777 $type =~ s/\*\s+(?=\*)/*/g;
779 unless $type eq '...' or $type eq 'void' or $std_types{$type};
784 for $decl (@$fdecls_parsed) { print_decl(\*XS, $decl) }
791 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/typemap\n";
792 open TM, ">typemap" or die "Cannot open typemap file for write: $!";
794 for $type (keys %types_seen) {
795 print TM $type, "\t" x (6 - int((length $type)/8)), "T_PTROBJ\n"
798 close TM or die "Cannot close typemap file for write: $!";
803 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL\n";
804 open(PL, ">Makefile.PL") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL: $!\n";
807 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
808 # See lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm for details of how to influence
809 # the contents of the Makefile that is written.
811 print PL "WriteMakefile(\n";
812 print PL " 'NAME' => '$module',\n";
813 print PL " 'VERSION_FROM' => '$modfname.pm', # finds \$VERSION\n";
814 if( ! $opt_X ){ # print C stuff, unless XS is disabled
815 print PL " 'LIBS' => ['$extralibs'], # e.g., '-lm' \n";
816 print PL " 'DEFINE' => '', # e.g., '-DHAVE_SOMETHING' \n";
817 print PL " 'INC' => '', # e.g., '-I/usr/include/other' \n";
820 close(PL) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL: $!\n";
822 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/test.pl\n";
823 open(EX, ">test.pl") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/test.pl: $!\n";
825 # Before `make install' is performed this script should be runnable with
826 # `make test'. After `make install' it should work as `perl test.pl'
828 ######################### We start with some black magic to print on failure.
830 # Change 1..1 below to 1..last_test_to_print .
831 # (It may become useful if the test is moved to ./t subdirectory.)
833 BEGIN { $| = 1; print "1..1\n"; }
834 END {print "not ok 1\n" unless $loaded;}
843 ######################### End of black magic.
845 # Insert your test code below (better if it prints "ok 13"
846 # (correspondingly "not ok 13") depending on the success of chunk 13
850 close(EX) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/test.pl: $!\n";
852 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/Changes\n";
853 open(EX, ">Changes") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/Changes: $!\n";
854 print EX "Revision history for Perl extension $module.\n\n";
855 print EX "$TEMPLATE_VERSION ",scalar localtime,"\n";
856 print EX "\t- original version; created by h2xs $H2XS_VERSION\n\n";
857 close(EX) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/Changes: $!\n";
859 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/MANIFEST\n";
860 open(MANI,'>MANIFEST') or die "Can't create MANIFEST: $!";
863 eval {opendir(D,'.');};
864 unless ($@) { @files = readdir(D); closedir(D); }
866 if (!@files) { @files = map {chomp && $_} `ls`; }
869 # Clip trailing '.' for portability -- non-VMS OSs don't expect it
871 # Fix up for case-sensitive file systems
872 s/$modfname/$modfname/i && next;
873 $_ = "\U$_" if $_ eq 'manifest' or $_ eq 'changes';
874 $_ = 'Makefile.PL' if $_ eq 'makefile.pl';
877 print MANI join("\n",@files), "\n";
881 close OUT or die "Can't close $file: $!";
882 chmod 0755, $file or die "Can't reset permissions for $file: $!\n";
883 exec("$Config{'eunicefix'} $file") if $Config{'eunicefix'} ne ':';