4 use File::Basename qw(&basename &dirname);
6 # List explicitly here the variables you want Configure to
7 # generate. Metaconfig only looks for shell variables, so you
8 # have to mention them as if they were shell variables, not
9 # %Config entries. Thus you write
11 # to ensure Configure will look for $Config{startperl}.
13 # This forces PL files to create target in same directory as PL file.
14 # This is so that make depend always knows where to find PL derivatives.
16 $file = basename($0, '.PL');
17 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
19 open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
21 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
23 # In this section, perl variables will be expanded during extraction.
24 # You can use $Config{...} to use Configure variables.
26 print OUT <<"!GROK!THIS!";
28 eval 'exec $Config{perlpath} -S \$0 \${1+"\$@"}'
29 if \$running_under_some_shell;
32 # In the following, perl variables are not expanded during extraction.
34 print OUT <<'!NO!SUBS!';
38 h2xs - convert .h C header files to Perl extensions
42 B<h2xs> [B<-AOPXcdf>] [B<-v> version] [B<-n> module_name] [B<-p> prefix] [B<-s> sub] [headerfile [extra_libraries]]
48 I<h2xs> builds a Perl extension from any C header file. The extension will
49 include functions which can be used to retrieve the value of any #define
50 statement which was in the C header.
52 The I<module_name> will be used for the name of the extension. If
53 module_name is not supplied then the name of the header file will be used,
54 with the first character capitalized.
56 If the extension might need extra libraries, they should be included
57 here. The extension Makefile.PL will take care of checking whether
58 the libraries actually exist and how they should be loaded.
59 The extra libraries should be specified in the form -lm -lposix, etc,
60 just as on the cc command line. By default, the Makefile.PL will
61 search through the library path determined by Configure. That path
62 can be augmented by including arguments of the form B<-L/another/library/path>
63 in the extra-libraries argument.
71 Omit all autoload facilities. This is the same as B<-c> but also removes the
72 S<C<require AutoLoader>> statement from the .pm file.
76 Additional flags to specify to C preprocessor when scanning header for
77 function declarations. Should not be used without B<-x>.
81 Allows a pre-existing extension directory to be overwritten.
85 Omit the autogenerated stub POD section.
89 Omit the XS portion. Used to generate templates for a module which is not
94 Omit C<constant()> from the .xs file and corresponding specialised
95 C<AUTOLOAD> from the .pm file.
99 Turn on debugging messages.
103 Allows an extension to be created for a header even if that header is
104 not found in /usr/include.
108 Print the usage, help and version for this h2xs and exit.
110 =item B<-n> I<module_name>
112 Specifies a name to be used for the extension, e.g., S<-n RPC::DCE>
114 =item B<-p> I<prefix>
116 Specify a prefix which should be removed from the Perl function names, e.g., S<-p sec_rgy_>
117 This sets up the XS B<PREFIX> keyword and removes the prefix from functions that are
118 autoloaded via the C<constant()> mechansim.
120 =item B<-s> I<sub1,sub2>
122 Create a perl subroutine for the specified macros rather than autoload with the constant() subroutine.
123 These macros are assumed to have a return type of B<char *>, e.g., S<-s sec_rgy_wildcard_name,sec_rgy_wildcard_sid>.
125 =item B<-v> I<version>
127 Specify a version number for this extension. This version number is added
128 to the templates. The default is 0.01.
132 Automatically generate XSUBs basing on function declarations in the
133 header file. The package C<C::Scan> should be installed. If this
134 option is specified, the name of the header file may look like
135 C<NAME1,NAME2>. In this case NAME1 is used instead of the specified string,
136 but XSUBs are emitted only for the declarations included from file NAME2.
138 Note that some types of arguments/return-values for functions may
139 result in XSUB-declarations/typemap-entries which need
140 hand-editing. Such may be objects which cannot be converted from/to a
141 pointer (like C<long long>), pointers to functions, or arrays.
148 # Default behavior, extension is Rusers
151 # Same, but extension is RUSERS
152 h2xs -n RUSERS rpcsvc/rusers
154 # Extension is rpcsvc::rusers. Still finds <rpcsvc/rusers.h>
157 # Extension is ONC::RPC. Still finds <rpcsvc/rusers.h>
158 h2xs -n ONC::RPC rpcsvc/rusers
160 # Without constant() or AUTOLOAD
161 h2xs -c rpcsvc/rusers
163 # Creates templates for an extension named RPC
166 # Extension is ONC::RPC.
169 # Makefile.PL will look for library -lrpc in
170 # additional directory /opt/net/lib
171 h2xs rpcsvc/rusers -L/opt/net/lib -lrpc
173 # Extension is DCE::rgynbase
174 # prefix "sec_rgy_" is dropped from perl function names
175 h2xs -n DCE::rgynbase -p sec_rgy_ dce/rgynbase
177 # Extension is DCE::rgynbase
178 # prefix "sec_rgy_" is dropped from perl function names
179 # subroutines are created for sec_rgy_wildcard_name and sec_rgy_wildcard_sid
180 h2xs -n DCE::rgynbase -p sec_rgy_ \
181 -s sec_rgy_wildcard_name,sec_rgy_wildcard_sid dce/rgynbase
183 # Make XS without defines in perl.h, but with function declarations
184 # visible from perl.h. Name of the extension is perl1.
185 # When scanning perl.h, define -DEXT=extern -DdEXT= -DINIT(x)=
186 # Extra backslashes below because the string is passed to shell.
187 # Note that a directory with perl header files would
188 # be added automatically to include path.
189 h2xs -xAn perl1 -F "-DEXT=extern -DdEXT= -DINIT\(x\)=" perl.h
191 # Same with function declaration in proto.h as visible from perl.h.
192 h2xs -xAn perl2 perl.h,proto.h
196 No environment variables are used.
200 Larry Wall and others
204 L<perl>, L<perlxstut>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>, and L<AutoLoader>.
208 The usual warnings if it cannot read or write the files involved.
212 my( $H2XS_VERSION ) = ' $Revision: 1.18 $ ' =~ /\$Revision:\s+([^\s]+)/;
213 my $TEMPLATE_VERSION = '0.01';
219 die "h2xs [-AOPXcdfh] [-v version] [-n module_name] [-p prefix] [-s subs] [headerfile [extra_libraries]]
220 version: $H2XS_VERSION
221 -A Omit all autoloading facilities (implies -c).
222 -F Additional flags for C preprocessor (used with -x).
223 -O Allow overwriting of a pre-existing extension directory.
224 -P Omit the stub POD section.
225 -X Omit the XS portion.
226 -c Omit the constant() function and specialised AUTOLOAD from the XS file.
227 -d Turn on debugging messages.
228 -f Force creation of the extension even if the C header does not exist.
229 -h Display this help message
230 -n Specify a name to use for the extension (recommended).
231 -p Specify a prefix which should be removed from the Perl function names.
232 -s Create subroutines for specified macros.
233 -v Specify a version number for this extension.
234 -x Autogenerate XSUBs using C::Scan.
236 are any libraries that might be needed for loading the
237 extension, e.g. -lm would try to link in the math library.
242 getopts("AF:OPXcdfhn:p:s:v:x") || usage;
247 $TEMPLATE_VERSION = $opt_v;
249 $opt_c = 1 if $opt_A;
250 %const_xsub = map { $_,1 } split(/,+/, $opt_s) if $opt_s;
253 $extralibs = "@ARGV";
255 usage "Must supply header file or module name\n"
256 unless ($path_h or $opt_n);
261 if( $path_h =~ s#::#/#g && $opt_n ){
262 warn "Nesting of headerfile ignored with -n\n";
264 $path_h .= ".h" unless $path_h =~ /\.h$/;
266 $path_h =~ s/,.*$// if $opt_x;
267 if ($^O eq 'VMS') { # Consider overrides of default location
268 if ($path_h !~ m![:>\[]!) {
269 my($hadsys) = ($path_h =~ s!^sys/!!i);
270 if ($ENV{'DECC$System_Include'}) { $path_h = "DECC\$System_Include:$path_h"; }
271 elsif ($ENV{'DECC$Library_Include'}) { $path_h = "DECC\$Library_Include:$path_h"; }
272 elsif ($ENV{'GNU_CC_Include'}) { $path_h = 'GNU_CC_Include:' .
273 ($hadsys ? '[vms]' : '[000000]') . $path_h; }
274 elsif ($ENV{'VAXC$Include'}) { $path_h = "VAXC\$_Include:$path_h"; }
275 else { $path_h = "Sys\$Library:$path_h"; }
278 elsif ($^O eq 'os2') {
279 $path_h = "/usr/include/$path_h"
280 if $path_h !~ m#^([a-z]:)?[./]#i and -r "/usr/include/$path_h";
283 $path_h = "/usr/include/$path_h"
284 if $path_h !~ m#^[./]# and -r "/usr/include/$path_h";
288 die "Can't find $path_h\n" if ( ! $opt_f && ! -f $path_h );
289 # Scan the header file (we should deal with nested header files)
290 # Record the names of simple #define constants into const_names
291 # Function prototypes are not (currently) processed.
292 open(CH, "<$path_h") || die "Can't open $path_h: $!\n";
294 if (/^#[ \t]*define\s+([\$\w]+)\b\s*[^("]/) {
295 print "Matched $_ ($1)\n" if $opt_d;
297 next if /^_.*_h_*$/i; # special case, but for what?
298 if (defined $opt_p) {
299 if (!/^$opt_p(\d)/) {
300 ++$prefix{$_} if s/^$opt_p//;
303 warn "can't remove $opt_p prefix from '$_'!\n";
310 @const_names = sort keys %const_names;
315 $module = $opt_n || do {
324 (chdir 'ext', $ext = 'ext/') if -d 'ext';
326 if( $module =~ /::/ ){
328 @modparts = split(/::/,$module);
329 $modfname = $modparts[-1];
330 $modpname = join('/',@modparts);
335 $modfname = $modpname = $module;
340 warn "Overwriting existing $ext$modpname!!!\n" if -e $modpname;
342 die "Won't overwrite existing $ext$modpname\n" if -e $modpname;
347 mkdir("$modpath$_", 0777);
351 mkdir($modpname, 0777);
352 chdir($modpname) || die "Can't chdir $ext$modpname: $!\n";
359 if( ! $opt_X ){ # use XS, unless it was disabled
360 open(XS, ">$modfname.xs") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$modfname.xs: $!\n";
362 require C::Scan; # Run-time directive
363 require Config; # Run-time directive
364 warn "Scanning typemaps...\n";
368 my $filename = $path_h;
369 my $addflags = $opt_F || '';
370 if ($fullpath =~ /,/) {
374 warn "Scanning $filename for functions...\n";
375 $c = new C::Scan 'filename' => $filename, 'filename_filter' => $filter,
376 'add_cppflags' => $addflags;
377 $c->set('includeDirs' => ["$Config::Config{archlib}/CORE"]);
379 $fdecls_parsed = $c->get('parsed_fdecls');
380 $fdecls = $c->get('fdecls');
384 open(PM, ">$modfname.pm") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$modfname.pm: $!\n";
387 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/$modfname.pm\n";
395 if( $opt_X || $opt_c || $opt_A ){
396 # we won't have our own AUTOLOAD(), so won't have $AUTOLOAD
398 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK);
402 # we'll have an AUTOLOAD(), and it will have $AUTOLOAD and
406 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $AUTOLOAD);
415 print PM <<"END" if ! $opt_X; # use DynaLoader, unless XS was disabled
419 # require autoloader if XS is disabled.
420 # if XS is enabled, require autoloader unless autoloading is disabled.
421 if( $opt_X || (! $opt_A) ){
427 if( $opt_X || ($opt_c && ! $opt_A) ){
428 # we won't have our own AUTOLOAD(), so we'll inherit it.
429 if( ! $opt_X ) { # use DynaLoader, unless XS was disabled
432 \@ISA = qw(Exporter AutoLoader DynaLoader);
438 \@ISA = qw(Exporter AutoLoader);
443 # 1) we have our own AUTOLOAD(), so don't need to inherit it.
445 # 2) we don't want autoloading mentioned.
446 if( ! $opt_X ){ # use DynaLoader, unless XS was disabled
449 \@ISA = qw(Exporter DynaLoader);
455 \@ISA = qw(Exporter);
461 # Items to export into callers namespace by default. Note: do not export
462 # names by default without a very good reason. Use EXPORT_OK instead.
463 # Do not simply export all your public functions/methods/constants.
467 \$VERSION = '$TEMPLATE_VERSION';
471 print PM <<"END" unless $opt_c or $opt_X;
473 # This AUTOLOAD is used to 'autoload' constants from the constant()
474 # XS function. If a constant is not found then control is passed
475 # to the AUTOLOAD in AutoLoader.
478 (\$constname = \$AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*:://;
479 my \$val = constant(\$constname, \@_ ? \$_[0] : 0);
481 if (\$! =~ /Invalid/) {
482 \$AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD = \$AUTOLOAD;
483 goto &AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD;
486 croak "Your vendor has not defined $module macro \$constname";
489 eval "sub \$AUTOLOAD { \$val }";
495 if( ! $opt_X ){ # print bootstrap, unless XS is disabled
497 bootstrap $module \$VERSION;
501 if( $opt_P ){ # if POD is disabled
510 # Preloaded methods go here.
512 # Autoload methods go after $after, and are processed by the autosplit program.
518 $author = "A. U. Thor";
519 $email = 'a.u.thor@a.galaxy.far.far.away';
523 if (@const_names and not $opt_P) {
525 \n=head1 Exported constants
527 @{[join "\n ", @const_names]}
531 if (defined $fdecls and @$fdecls and not $opt_P) {
533 \n=head1 Exported functions
535 @{[join "\n ", @$fdecls]}
540 $pod = <<"END" unless $opt_P;
541 ## Below is the stub of documentation for your module. You better edit it!
545 #$module - Perl extension for blah blah blah
554 #Stub documentation for $module was created by h2xs. It looks like the
555 #author of the extension was negligent enough to leave the stub
559 #$const_doc$fdecl_doc
571 $pod =~ s/^\#//gm unless $opt_P;
572 print PM $pod unless $opt_P;
577 if( ! $opt_X ){ # print XS, unless it is disabled
578 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/$modfname.xs\n";
594 $h =~ s#^/usr/include/##;
595 if ($^O eq 'VMS') { $h =~ s#.*vms\]#sys/# or $h =~ s#.*[:>\]]##; }
608 croak("$module::%s not implemented on this architecture", s);
621 my(@AZ, @az, @under);
623 foreach(@const_names){
624 @AZ = 'A' .. 'Z' if !@AZ && /^[A-Z]/;
625 @az = 'a' .. 'z' if !@az && /^[a-z]/;
626 @under = '_' if !@under && /^_/;
629 foreach $letter (@AZ, @az, @under) {
631 last if $letter eq 'a' && !@const_names;
633 print XS " case '$letter':\n";
635 while (substr($const_names[0],0,1) eq $letter) {
636 $name = shift(@const_names);
637 $macro = $prefix{$name} ? "$opt_p$name" : $name;
638 next if $const_xsub{$macro};
640 if (strEQ(name, "$name"))
665 $prefix = "PREFIX = $opt_p" if defined $opt_p;
666 # Now switch from C to XS by issuing the first MODULE declaration:
669 MODULE = $module PACKAGE = $module $prefix
673 foreach (sort keys %const_xsub) {
682 croak("Your vendor has not defined the $module macro $_");
691 # If a constant() function was written then output a corresponding
693 print XS <<"END" unless $opt_c;
708 my ($type, $name, $args) = @$decl;
709 return if $seen_decl{$name}++; # Need to do the same for docs as well?
711 my @argnames = map {$_->[1]} @$args;
712 my @argtypes = map { normalize_type( $_->[0] ) } @$args;
713 my @argarrays = map { $_->[4] || '' } @$args;
714 my $numargs = @$args;
715 if ($numargs and $argtypes[-1] eq '...') {
717 $argnames[-1] = '...';
720 $type = normalize_type($type);
728 for $arg (0 .. $numargs - 1) {
730 $argtypes[$arg] $argnames[$arg]$argarrays[$arg]
735 # Should be called before any actual call to normalize_type().
737 # We do not want to read ./typemap by obvios reasons.
738 my @tm = qw(../../../typemap ../../typemap ../typemap);
739 my $stdtypemap = "$Config::Config{privlib}/ExtUtils/typemap";
740 unshift @tm, $stdtypemap;
741 my $proto_re = "[" . quotemeta('\$%&*@;') . "]" ;
744 foreach $typemap (@tm) {
745 next unless -e $typemap ;
746 # skip directories, binary files etc.
747 warn " Scanning $typemap\n";
748 warn("Warning: ignoring non-text typemap file '$typemap'\n"), next
750 open(TYPEMAP, $typemap)
751 or warn ("Warning: could not open typemap file '$typemap': $!\n"), next;
752 my $mode = 'Typemap';
755 if (/^INPUT\s*$/) { $mode = 'Input'; next; }
756 elsif (/^OUTPUT\s*$/) { $mode = 'Output'; next; }
757 elsif (/^TYPEMAP\s*$/) { $mode = 'Typemap'; next; }
758 elsif ($mode eq 'Typemap') {
759 next if /^\s*($|\#)/ ;
760 if ( ($type, $image) =
761 /^\s*(.*?\S)\s+(\S+)\s*($proto_re*)\s*$/o
762 # This may reference undefined functions:
763 and not ($image eq 'T_PACKED' and $typemap eq $stdtypemap)) {
764 normalize_type($type);
768 close(TYPEMAP) or die "Cannot close $typemap: $!";
770 %std_types = %types_seen;
776 my $ignore_mods = '(?:\b(?:__const__|static|inline|__inline__)\b\s*)*';
778 $type =~ s/$ignore_mods//go;
779 $type =~ s/([\]\[()])/ \1 /g;
783 $type =~ s/\b\*/ */g;
784 $type =~ s/\*\b/* /g;
785 $type =~ s/\*\s+(?=\*)/*/g;
787 unless $type eq '...' or $type eq 'void' or $std_types{$type};
792 for $decl (@$fdecls_parsed) { print_decl(\*XS, $decl) }
799 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/typemap\n";
800 open TM, ">typemap" or die "Cannot open typemap file for write: $!";
802 for $type (keys %types_seen) {
803 print TM $type, "\t" x (6 - int((length $type)/8)), "T_PTROBJ\n"
806 close TM or die "Cannot close typemap file for write: $!";
811 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL\n";
812 open(PL, ">Makefile.PL") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL: $!\n";
815 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
816 # See lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm for details of how to influence
817 # the contents of the Makefile that is written.
819 print PL "WriteMakefile(\n";
820 print PL " 'NAME' => '$module',\n";
821 print PL " 'VERSION_FROM' => '$modfname.pm', # finds \$VERSION\n";
822 if( ! $opt_X ){ # print C stuff, unless XS is disabled
823 print PL " 'LIBS' => ['$extralibs'], # e.g., '-lm' \n";
824 print PL " 'DEFINE' => '', # e.g., '-DHAVE_SOMETHING' \n";
825 print PL " 'INC' => '', # e.g., '-I/usr/include/other' \n";
828 close(PL) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL: $!\n";
830 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/test.pl\n";
831 open(EX, ">test.pl") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/test.pl: $!\n";
833 # Before `make install' is performed this script should be runnable with
834 # `make test'. After `make install' it should work as `perl test.pl'
836 ######################### We start with some black magic to print on failure.
838 # Change 1..1 below to 1..last_test_to_print .
839 # (It may become useful if the test is moved to ./t subdirectory.)
841 BEGIN { $| = 1; print "1..1\n"; }
842 END {print "not ok 1\n" unless $loaded;}
851 ######################### End of black magic.
853 # Insert your test code below (better if it prints "ok 13"
854 # (correspondingly "not ok 13") depending on the success of chunk 13
858 close(EX) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/test.pl: $!\n";
860 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/Changes\n";
861 open(EX, ">Changes") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/Changes: $!\n";
862 print EX "Revision history for Perl extension $module.\n\n";
863 print EX "$TEMPLATE_VERSION ",scalar localtime,"\n";
864 print EX "\t- original version; created by h2xs $H2XS_VERSION\n\n";
865 close(EX) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/Changes: $!\n";
867 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/MANIFEST\n";
868 open(MANI,'>MANIFEST') or die "Can't create MANIFEST: $!";
871 eval {opendir(D,'.');};
872 unless ($@) { @files = readdir(D); closedir(D); }
874 if (!@files) { @files = map {chomp && $_} `ls`; }
877 # Clip trailing '.' for portability -- non-VMS OSs don't expect it
879 # Fix up for case-sensitive file systems
880 s/$modfname/$modfname/i && next;
881 $_ = "\U$_" if $_ eq 'manifest' or $_ eq 'changes';
882 $_ = 'Makefile.PL' if $_ eq 'makefile.pl';
885 print MANI join("\n",@files);
889 close OUT or die "Can't close $file: $!";
890 chmod 0755, $file or die "Can't reset permissions for $file: $!\n";
891 exec("$Config{'eunicefix'} $file") if $Config{'eunicefix'} ne ':';