4 use File::Basename qw(&basename &dirname);
7 # List explicitly here the variables you want Configure to
8 # generate. Metaconfig only looks for shell variables, so you
9 # have to mention them as if they were shell variables, not
10 # %Config entries. Thus you write
12 # to ensure Configure will look for $Config{startperl}.
14 # This forces PL files to create target in same directory as PL file.
15 # This is so that make depend always knows where to find PL derivatives.
18 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
19 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
21 open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
23 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
25 # In this section, perl variables will be expanded during extraction.
26 # You can use $Config{...} to use Configure variables.
28 print OUT <<"!GROK!THIS!";
30 eval 'exec $Config{perlpath} -S \$0 \${1+"\$@"}'
31 if \$running_under_some_shell;
34 # In the following, perl variables are not expanded during extraction.
36 print OUT <<'!NO!SUBS!';
40 h2xs - convert .h C header files to Perl extensions
44 B<h2xs> [B<-ACOPXacdfkmx>] [B<-F> addflags] [B<-M> fmask] [B<-n> module_name] [B<-o> tmask] [B<-p> prefix] [B<-s> subs] [B<-v> version] [headerfile ... [extra_libraries]]
50 I<h2xs> builds a Perl extension from C header files. The extension
51 will include functions which can be used to retrieve the value of any
52 #define statement which was in the C header files.
54 The I<module_name> will be used for the name of the extension. If
55 module_name is not supplied then the name of the first header file
56 will be used, with the first character capitalized.
58 If the extension might need extra libraries, they should be included
59 here. The extension Makefile.PL will take care of checking whether
60 the libraries actually exist and how they should be loaded.
61 The extra libraries should be specified in the form -lm -lposix, etc,
62 just as on the cc command line. By default, the Makefile.PL will
63 search through the library path determined by Configure. That path
64 can be augmented by including arguments of the form B<-L/another/library/path>
65 in the extra-libraries argument.
73 Omit all autoload facilities. This is the same as B<-c> but also removes the
74 S<C<use AutoLoader>> statement from the .pm file.
78 Omits creation of the F<Changes> file, and adds a HISTORY section to
81 =item B<-F> I<addflags>
83 Additional flags to specify to C preprocessor when scanning header for
84 function declarations. Should not be used without B<-x>.
86 =item B<-M> I<regular expression>
88 selects functions/macros to process.
92 Allows a pre-existing extension directory to be overwritten.
96 Omit the autogenerated stub POD section.
100 Omit the XS portion. Used to generate templates for a module which is not
101 XS-based. C<-c> and C<-f> are implicitly enabled.
105 Generate an accessor method for each element of structs and unions. The
106 generated methods are named after the element name; will return the current
107 value of the element if called without additional arguments; and will set
108 the element to the supplied value (and return the new value) if called with
109 an additional argument. Embedded structures and unions are returned as a
110 pointer rather than the complete structure, to facilitate chained calls.
112 These methods all apply to the Ptr type for the structure; additionally
113 two methods are constructed for the structure type itself, C<_to_ptr>
114 which returns a Ptr type pointing to the same structure, and a C<new>
115 method to construct and return a new structure, initialised to zeroes.
119 Omit C<constant()> from the .xs file and corresponding specialised
120 C<AUTOLOAD> from the .pm file.
124 Turn on debugging messages.
128 Allows an extension to be created for a header even if that header is
129 not found in standard include directories.
133 Print the usage, help and version for this h2xs and exit.
137 For function arguments declared as C<const>, omit the const attribute in the
142 B<Experimental>: for each variable declared in the header file(s), declare
143 a perl variable of the same name magically tied to the C variable.
145 =item B<-n> I<module_name>
147 Specifies a name to be used for the extension, e.g., S<-n RPC::DCE>
149 =item B<-o> I<regular expression>
151 Use "opaque" data type for the C types matched by the regular
152 expression, even if these types are C<typedef>-equivalent to types
153 from typemaps. Should not be used without B<-x>.
155 This may be useful since, say, types which are C<typedef>-equivalent
156 to integers may represent OS-related handles, and one may want to work
157 with these handles in OO-way, as in C<$handle-E<gt>do_something()>.
158 Use C<-o .> if you want to handle all the C<typedef>ed types as opaque types.
160 The type-to-match is whitewashed (except for commas, which have no
161 whitespace before them, and multiple C<*> which have no whitespace
164 =item B<-p> I<prefix>
166 Specify a prefix which should be removed from the Perl function names, e.g., S<-p sec_rgy_>
167 This sets up the XS B<PREFIX> keyword and removes the prefix from functions that are
168 autoloaded via the C<constant()> mechanism.
170 =item B<-s> I<sub1,sub2>
172 Create a perl subroutine for the specified macros rather than autoload with the constant() subroutine.
173 These macros are assumed to have a return type of B<char *>, e.g., S<-s sec_rgy_wildcard_name,sec_rgy_wildcard_sid>.
175 =item B<-v> I<version>
177 Specify a version number for this extension. This version number is added
178 to the templates. The default is 0.01.
182 Automatically generate XSUBs basing on function declarations in the
183 header file. The package C<C::Scan> should be installed. If this
184 option is specified, the name of the header file may look like
185 C<NAME1,NAME2>. In this case NAME1 is used instead of the specified string,
186 but XSUBs are emitted only for the declarations included from file NAME2.
188 Note that some types of arguments/return-values for functions may
189 result in XSUB-declarations/typemap-entries which need
190 hand-editing. Such may be objects which cannot be converted from/to a
191 pointer (like C<long long>), pointers to functions, or arrays. See
192 also the section on L<LIMITATIONS of B<-x>>.
194 =item B<-b> I<version>
196 Generates a .pm file which is backwards compatible with the specified
199 For versions < 5.6.0, the changes are.
200 - no use of 'our' (uses 'use vars' instead)
203 Specifying a compatibility version higher than the version of perl you
204 are using to run h2xs will have no effect.
211 # Default behavior, extension is Rusers
214 # Same, but extension is RUSERS
215 h2xs -n RUSERS rpcsvc/rusers
217 # Extension is rpcsvc::rusers. Still finds <rpcsvc/rusers.h>
220 # Extension is ONC::RPC. Still finds <rpcsvc/rusers.h>
221 h2xs -n ONC::RPC rpcsvc/rusers
223 # Without constant() or AUTOLOAD
224 h2xs -c rpcsvc/rusers
226 # Creates templates for an extension named RPC
229 # Extension is ONC::RPC.
232 # Makefile.PL will look for library -lrpc in
233 # additional directory /opt/net/lib
234 h2xs rpcsvc/rusers -L/opt/net/lib -lrpc
236 # Extension is DCE::rgynbase
237 # prefix "sec_rgy_" is dropped from perl function names
238 h2xs -n DCE::rgynbase -p sec_rgy_ dce/rgynbase
240 # Extension is DCE::rgynbase
241 # prefix "sec_rgy_" is dropped from perl function names
242 # subroutines are created for sec_rgy_wildcard_name and sec_rgy_wildcard_sid
243 h2xs -n DCE::rgynbase -p sec_rgy_ \
244 -s sec_rgy_wildcard_name,sec_rgy_wildcard_sid dce/rgynbase
246 # Make XS without defines in perl.h, but with function declarations
247 # visible from perl.h. Name of the extension is perl1.
248 # When scanning perl.h, define -DEXT=extern -DdEXT= -DINIT(x)=
249 # Extra backslashes below because the string is passed to shell.
250 # Note that a directory with perl header files would
251 # be added automatically to include path.
252 h2xs -xAn perl1 -F "-DEXT=extern -DdEXT= -DINIT\(x\)=" perl.h
254 # Same with function declaration in proto.h as visible from perl.h.
255 h2xs -xAn perl2 perl.h,proto.h
257 # Same but select only functions which match /^av_/
258 h2xs -M '^av_' -xAn perl2 perl.h,proto.h
260 # Same but treat SV* etc as "opaque" types
261 h2xs -o '^[S]V \*$' -M '^av_' -xAn perl2 perl.h,proto.h
265 No environment variables are used.
269 Larry Wall and others
273 L<perl>, L<perlxstut>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>, and L<AutoLoader>.
277 The usual warnings if it cannot read or write the files involved.
279 =head1 LIMITATIONS of B<-x>
281 F<h2xs> would not distinguish whether an argument to a C function
282 which is of the form, say, C<int *>, is an input, output, or
283 input/output parameter. In particular, argument declarations of the
290 should be better rewritten as
296 if C<n> is an input parameter.
298 Additionally, F<h2xs> has no facilities to intuit that a function
305 takes a pair of address and length of data at this address, so it is better
306 to rewrite this function as
316 RETVAL = foo(s, len);
326 char *s = SvPV(sv,len);
331 MODULE = foo PACKAGE = foo PREFIX = my_
337 See L<perlxs> and L<perlxstut> for additional details.
344 my( $H2XS_VERSION ) = ' $Revision: 1.20 $ ' =~ /\$Revision:\s+([^\s]+)/;
345 my $TEMPLATE_VERSION = '0.01';
347 my $compat_version = $];
353 die "h2xs [-ACOPXacdfhkmx] [-F addflags] [-M fmask] [-n module_name] [-o tmask] [-p prefix] [-s subs] [-v version] [headerfile [extra_libraries]]
354 version: $H2XS_VERSION
355 -A Omit all autoloading facilities (implies -c).
356 -C Omit creating the Changes file, add HISTORY heading to stub POD.
357 -F Additional flags for C preprocessor (used with -x).
358 -M Mask to select C functions/macros (default is select all).
359 -O Allow overwriting of a pre-existing extension directory.
360 -P Omit the stub POD section.
361 -X Omit the XS portion (implies both -c and -f).
362 -a Generate get/set accessors for struct and union members (used with -x).
363 -c Omit the constant() function and specialised AUTOLOAD from the XS file.
364 -d Turn on debugging messages.
365 -f Force creation of the extension even if the C header does not exist.
366 -h Display this help message
367 -k Omit 'const' attribute on function arguments (used with -x).
368 -m Generate tied variables for access to declared variables.
369 -n Specify a name to use for the extension (recommended).
370 -o Regular expression for \"opaque\" types.
371 -p Specify a prefix which should be removed from the Perl function names.
372 -s Create subroutines for specified macros.
373 -v Specify a version number for this extension.
374 -x Autogenerate XSUBs using C::Scan.
375 -b Specify a perl version to be backwards compatibile with
377 are any libraries that might be needed for loading the
378 extension, e.g. -lm would try to link in the math library.
383 getopts("ACF:M:OPXacdfhkmn:o:p:s:v:xb:") || usage;
384 use vars qw($opt_A $opt_C $opt_F $opt_M $opt_O $opt_P $opt_X $opt_a $opt_c $opt_d
385 $opt_f $opt_h $opt_k $opt_m $opt_n $opt_o $opt_p $opt_s $opt_v $opt_x
391 usage "You cannot use -b and -m at the same time.\n" if ($opt_b && $opt_m);
392 $opt_b =~ /^\d+\.\d+\.\d+/ ||
393 usage "You must provide the backwards compatibility version in X.Y.Z form. " .
395 my ($maj,$min,$sub) = split(/\./,$opt_b,3);
396 $compat_version = sprintf("%d.%03d%02d",$maj,$min,$sub);
400 $TEMPLATE_VERSION = $opt_v;
404 $opt_c = 1 if $opt_A;
406 # -X implies -c and -f
407 $opt_c = $opt_f = 1 if $opt_X;
409 my %const_xsub = map { $_,1 } split(/,+/, $opt_s) if $opt_s;
413 while (my $arg = shift) {
414 if ($arg =~ /^-l/i) {
415 $extralibs = "$arg @ARGV";
421 usage "Must supply header file or module name\n"
422 unless (@path_h or $opt_n);
427 $fmask = qr{$opt_M} if defined $opt_M;
428 $tmask = qr{$opt_o} if defined $opt_o;
429 my $tmask_all = $tmask && $opt_o eq '.';
432 eval {require C::Scan; 1}
434 C::Scan required if you use -x option.
435 To install C::Scan, execute
436 perl -MCPAN -e "install C::Scan"
438 unless ($tmask_all) {
439 $C::Scan::VERSION >= 0.70
441 C::Scan v. 0.70 or later required unless you use -o . option.
442 You have version $C::Scan::VERSION installed as $INC{'C/Scan.pm'}.
443 To install C::Scan, execute
444 perl -MCPAN -e "install C::Scan"
447 if (($opt_m || $opt_a) && $C::Scan::VERSION < 0.73) {
449 C::Scan v. 0.73 or later required to use -m or -a options.
450 You have version $C::Scan::VERSION installed as $INC{'C/Scan.pm'}.
451 To install C::Scan, execute
452 perl -MCPAN -e "install C::Scan"
456 elsif ($opt_o or $opt_F) {
458 Options -o and -F do not make sense without -x.
462 my @path_h_ini = @path_h;
463 my ($name, %fullpath, %prefix, %seen_define, %prefixless, %const_names);
469 if ($^O eq 'VMS') { # Consider overrides of default location
470 # XXXX This is not equivalent to what the older version did:
471 # it was looking at $hadsys header-file per header-file...
472 my($hadsys) = grep s!^sys/!!i , @path_h;
473 @paths = qw( Sys$Library VAXC$Include );
474 push @paths, ($hadsys ? 'GNU_CC_Include[vms]' : 'GNU_CC_Include[000000]');
475 push @paths, qw( DECC$Library_Include DECC$System_Include );
478 @paths = (File::Spec->curdir(), $Config{usrinc},
479 (split ' ', $Config{locincpth}), '/usr/include');
481 foreach my $path_h (@path_h) {
483 if( $path_h =~ s#::#/#g && $opt_n ){
484 warn "Nesting of headerfile ignored with -n\n";
486 $path_h .= ".h" unless $path_h =~ /\.h$/;
487 my $fullpath = $path_h;
488 $path_h =~ s/,.*$// if $opt_x;
489 $fullpath{$path_h} = $fullpath;
491 if (not -f $path_h) {
492 my $tmp_path_h = $path_h;
493 for my $dir (@paths) {
494 last if -f ($path_h = File::Spec->catfile($dir, $tmp_path_h));
499 die "Can't find $path_h\n" if ( ! $opt_f && ! -f $path_h );
500 # Scan the header file (we should deal with nested header files)
501 # Record the names of simple #define constants into const_names
502 # Function prototypes are processed below.
503 open(CH, "<$path_h") || die "Can't open $path_h: $!\n";
506 if (/^[ \t]*#[ \t]*define\s+([\$\w]+)\b(?!\()\s*(?=[^" \t])(.*)/) {
509 $rest =~ s!/\*.*?(\*/|\n)|//.*!!g; # Remove comments
512 # Cannot do: (-1) and ((LHANDLE)3) are OK:
513 #print("Skip non-wordy $def => $rest\n"),
514 # next defines if $rest =~ /[^\w\$]/;
516 print("Skip stringy $def => $rest\n") if $opt_d;
519 print "Matched $_ ($def)\n" if $opt_d;
520 $seen_define{$def} = $rest;
522 next if /^_.*_h_*$/i; # special case, but for what?
523 if (defined $opt_p) {
524 if (!/^$opt_p(\d)/) {
525 ++$prefix{$_} if s/^$opt_p//;
528 warn "can't remove $opt_p prefix from '$_'!\n";
531 $prefixless{$def} = $_;
532 if (!$fmask or /$fmask/) {
533 print "... Passes mask of -M.\n" if $opt_d and $fmask;
544 my $module = $opt_n || do {
553 my ($ext, $nested, @modparts, $modfname, $modpname);
554 (chdir 'ext', $ext = 'ext/') if -d 'ext';
556 if( $module =~ /::/ ){
558 @modparts = split(/::/,$module);
559 $modfname = $modparts[-1];
560 $modpname = join('/',@modparts);
565 $modfname = $modpname = $module;
570 warn "Overwriting existing $ext$modpname!!!\n" if -e $modpname;
573 die "Won't overwrite existing $ext$modpname\n" if -e $modpname;
578 mkdir("$modpath$_", 0777);
582 mkdir($modpname, 0777);
583 chdir($modpname) || die "Can't chdir $ext$modpname: $!\n";
588 my $fdecls_parsed = [];
595 my @fnames_no_prefix;
599 if( ! $opt_X ){ # use XS, unless it was disabled
600 open(XS, ">$modfname.xs") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$modfname.xs: $!\n";
602 require Config; # Run-time directive
603 warn "Scanning typemaps...\n";
607 my $addflags = $opt_F || '';
609 foreach my $filename (@path_h) {
613 if ($fullpath{$filename} =~ /,/) {
617 warn "Scanning $filename for functions...\n";
618 $c = new C::Scan 'filename' => $filename, 'filename_filter' => $filter,
619 'add_cppflags' => $addflags, 'c_styles' => [qw(C++ C9X)];
620 $c->set('includeDirs' => ["$Config::Config{archlib}/CORE"]);
622 push @$fdecls_parsed, @{ $c->get('parsed_fdecls') };
623 push(@$fdecls, @{$c->get('fdecls')});
625 push @td, @{$c->get('typedefs_maybe')};
627 my $structs = $c->get('typedef_structs');
628 @structs{keys %$structs} = values %$structs;
632 %vdecl_hash = %{ $c->get('vdecl_hash') };
633 @vdecls = sort keys %vdecl_hash;
634 for (local $_ = 0; $_ < @vdecls; ++$_) {
635 my $var = $vdecls[$_];
636 my($type, $post) = @{ $vdecl_hash{$var} };
638 warn "Can't handle variable '$type $var $post', skipping.\n";
639 splice @vdecls, $_, 1;
642 $type = normalize_type($type);
643 $vdecl_hash{$var} = $type;
647 unless ($tmask_all) {
648 warn "Scanning $filename for typedefs...\n";
649 my $td = $c->get('typedef_hash');
650 # eval {require 'dumpvar.pl'; ::dumpValue($td)} or warn $@ if $opt_d;
651 my @f_good_td = grep $td->{$_}[1] eq '', keys %$td;
652 push @good_td, @f_good_td;
653 @typedefs_pre{@f_good_td} = map $_->[0], @$td{@f_good_td};
657 $typedef_rex = qr(\b(?<!struct )(?:@good_td)\b) if @good_td;
659 %known_fnames = map @$_[1,3], @$fdecls_parsed; # [1,3] is NAME, FULLTEXT
662 for my $i (0..$#$fdecls_parsed) {
663 next unless $fdecls_parsed->[$i][1] =~ /$fmask/; # [1] is NAME
665 print "... Function $fdecls_parsed->[$i][1] passes -M mask.\n"
668 $fdecls = [@$fdecls[@good]];
669 $fdecls_parsed = [@$fdecls_parsed[@good]];
671 @fnames = sort map $_->[1], @$fdecls_parsed; # 1 is NAME
674 my %h = map( ($_->[1], $_), @$fdecls_parsed);
675 $fdecls_parsed = [ @h{@fnames} ];
677 @fnames_no_prefix = @fnames;
679 = sort map { ++$prefix{$_} if s/^$opt_p(?!\d)//; $_ } @fnames_no_prefix;
680 # Remove macros which expand to typedefs
681 print "Typedefs are @td.\n" if $opt_d;
682 my %td = map {($_, $_)} @td;
683 # Add some other possible but meaningless values for macros
684 for my $k (qw(char double float int long short unsigned signed void)) {
685 $td{"$_$k"} = "$_$k" for ('', 'signed ', 'unsigned ');
687 # eval {require 'dumpvar.pl'; ::dumpValue( [\@td, \%td] ); 1} or warn $@;
690 while (keys %td > $n) {
693 while (($k, $v) = each %seen_define) {
694 # print("found '$k'=>'$v'\n"),
695 $bad_macs{$k} = $td{$k} = $td{$v} if exists $td{$v};
698 # Now %bad_macs contains names of bad macros
699 for my $k (keys %bad_macs) {
700 delete $const_names{$prefixless{$k}};
701 print "Ignoring macro $k which expands to a typedef name '$bad_macs{$k}'\n" if $opt_d;
705 my @const_names = sort keys %const_names;
707 open(PM, ">$modfname.pm") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$modfname.pm: $!\n";
710 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/$modfname.pm\n";
712 if ( $compat_version < 5.006 ) {
730 unless( $opt_X || $opt_c || $opt_A ){
731 # we'll have an AUTOLOAD(), and it will have $AUTOLOAD and
743 print PM <<"END" if ! $opt_X; # use DynaLoader, unless XS was disabled
748 # Are we using AutoLoader or not?
749 unless ($opt_A) { # no autoloader whatsoever.
750 unless ($opt_c) { # we're doing the AUTOLOAD
751 print PM "use AutoLoader;\n";
754 print PM "use AutoLoader qw(AUTOLOAD);\n"
758 if ( $compat_version < 5.006 ) {
759 if ( $opt_X || $opt_c || $opt_A ) {
760 print PM 'use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS);';
762 print PM 'use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS $AUTOLOAD);';
767 my $myISA = 'our @ISA = qw(Exporter'; # We seem to always want this.
768 $myISA .= ' DynaLoader' unless $opt_X; # no XS
770 $myISA =~ s/^our // if $compat_version < 5.006;
772 print PM "\n$myISA\n\n";
774 my @exported_names = (@const_names, @fnames_no_prefix, map '$'.$_, @vdecls);
777 # Items to export into callers namespace by default. Note: do not export
778 # names by default without a very good reason. Use EXPORT_OK instead.
779 # Do not simply export all your public functions/methods/constants.
781 # This allows declaration use $module ':all';
782 # If you do not need this, moving things directly into \@EXPORT or \@EXPORT_OK
784 our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 'all' => [ qw(
788 our \@EXPORT_OK = ( \@{ \$EXPORT_TAGS{'all'} } );
793 our \$VERSION = '$TEMPLATE_VERSION';
797 $tmp =~ s/^our //mg if $compat_version < 5.006;
801 printf PM "our(@{[ join ', ', map '$'.$_, @vdecls ]});\n\n";
805 $tmp = ( $compat_version < 5.006 ? "" : "our \$AUTOLOAD;" );
806 print PM <<"END" unless $opt_c or $opt_X;
808 # This AUTOLOAD is used to 'autoload' constants from the constant()
809 # XS function. If a constant is not found then control is passed
810 # to the AUTOLOAD in AutoLoader.
814 (\$constname = \$AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*:://;
815 croak "&$module::constant not defined" if \$constname eq 'constant';
816 my \$val = constant(\$constname, \@_ ? \$_[0] : 0);
818 if (\$! =~ /Invalid/ || \$!{EINVAL}) {
819 \$AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD = \$AUTOLOAD;
820 goto &AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD;
823 croak "Your vendor has not defined $module macro \$constname";
828 # Fixed between 5.005_53 and 5.005_61
829 if (\$] >= 5.00561) {
830 *\$AUTOLOAD = sub () { \$val };
833 *\$AUTOLOAD = sub { \$val };
841 if( ! $opt_X ){ # print bootstrap, unless XS is disabled
843 bootstrap $module \$VERSION;
847 # tying the variables can happen only after bootstrap
851 @{[ join "\n", map " _tievar_$_(\$$_);", @vdecls ]}
858 if( $opt_P ){ # if POD is disabled
867 # Preloaded methods go here.
870 print PM <<"END" unless $opt_A;
872 # Autoload methods go after $after, and are processed by the autosplit program.
881 my $author = "A. U. Thor";
882 my $email = 'a.u.thor@a.galaxy.far.far.away';
885 $revhist = <<EOT if $opt_C;
891 #=item $TEMPLATE_VERSION
893 #Original version; created by h2xs $H2XS_VERSION with options
908 if (@const_names and not $opt_P) {
910 #=head2 Exportable constants
912 # @{[join "\n ", @const_names]}
916 if (defined $fdecls and @$fdecls and not $opt_P) {
918 #=head2 Exportable functions
921 # $exp_doc .= <<EOD if $opt_p;
922 #When accessing these functions from Perl, prefix C<$opt_p> should be removed.
926 # @{[join "\n ", @known_fnames{@fnames}]}
931 my $pod = <<"END" unless $opt_P;
932 ## Below is stub documentation for your module. You better edit it!
936 #$module - Perl extension for blah blah blah
945 #Stub documentation for $module, created by h2xs. It looks like the
946 #author of the extension was negligent enough to leave the stub
962 $pod =~ s/^\#//gm unless $opt_P;
963 print PM $pod unless $opt_P;
968 if( ! $opt_X ){ # print XS, unless it is disabled
969 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/$modfname.xs\n";
978 foreach my $path_h (@path_h_ini) {
980 $h =~ s#^/usr/include/##;
981 if ($^O eq 'VMS') { $h =~ s#.*vms\]#sys/# or $h =~ s#.*[:>\]]##; }
982 print XS qq{#include <$h>\n};
987 my %pointer_typedefs;
992 my $out = $pointer_typedefs{$type};
993 return $out if defined $out;
995 $out = ($type =~ /\*$/);
996 # This converts only the guys which do not have trailing part in the typedef
998 and $typedef_rex and $type =~ s/($typedef_rex)/$typedefs_pre{$1}/go) {
999 $type = normalize_type($type);
1000 print "Is-Pointer: Type mutation via typedefs: $otype ==> $type\n"
1002 $out = td_is_pointer($type);
1004 return ($pointer_typedefs{$otype} = $out);
1009 my $out = $struct_typedefs{$type};
1010 return $out if defined $out;
1012 $out = ($type =~ /^(struct|union)\b/) && !td_is_pointer($type);
1013 # This converts only the guys which do not have trailing part in the typedef
1015 and $typedef_rex and $type =~ s/($typedef_rex)/$typedefs_pre{$1}/go) {
1016 $type = normalize_type($type);
1017 print "Is-Struct: Type mutation via typedefs: $otype ==> $type\n"
1019 $out = td_is_struct($type);
1021 return ($struct_typedefs{$otype} = $out);
1024 # Some macros will bomb if you try to return them from a double-returning func.
1025 # Say, ((char *)0), or strlen (if somebody #define STRLEN strlen).
1026 # Fortunately, we can detect both these cases...
1027 sub protect_convert_to_double {
1030 return '' unless defined ($val = $seen_define{$in});
1031 return '(IV)' if $known_fnames{$val};
1032 # OUT_t of ((OUT_t)-1):
1033 return '' unless $val =~ /^\s*(\(\s*)?\(\s*([^()]*?)\s*\)/;
1034 td_is_pointer($2) ? '(IV)' : '';
1037 # For each of the generated functions, length($pref) leading
1038 # letters are already checked. Moreover, it is recommended that
1039 # the generated functions uses switch on letter at offset at least
1040 # $off + length($pref).
1042 # The given list has length($pref) chars removed at front, it is
1043 # guarantied that $off leading chars in the rest are the same for all
1046 # Returns: how at which offset it was decided to make a switch, or -1 if none.
1051 my ($fh, $pref, $off, $list) = (shift,shift,shift,shift);
1053 my $offarg = length $pref;
1055 if (@$list == 0) { # Can happen on the initial iteration only
1058 constant(char *name, int len, int arg)
1067 if (@$list == 1) { # Can happen on the initial iteration only
1068 my $protect = protect_convert_to_double("$pref$list->[0]");
1072 constant(char *name, int len, int arg)
1075 if (strEQ(name + $offarg, "$list->[0]")) { /* $pref removed */
1076 #ifdef $pref$list->[0]
1077 return $protect$pref$list->[0];
1090 for my $n (@$list) {
1091 my $c = substr $n, $off, 1;
1092 $leading{$c} = [] unless exists $leading{$c};
1093 push @{$leading{$c}}, substr $n, $off + 1;
1096 if (keys(%leading) == 1) {
1097 return 1 + write_const $fh, $pref, $off + 1, $list;
1100 my $leader = substr $list->[0], 0, $off;
1101 foreach my $letter (keys %leading) {
1102 write_const $fh, "$pref$leader$letter", 0, $leading{$letter}
1103 if @{$leading{$letter}} > 1;
1106 my $npref = "_$pref";
1107 $npref = '' if $pref eq '';
1111 constant$npref(char *name, int len, int arg)
1115 print $fh <<"END" if $npref eq '';
1119 print $fh <<"END" if $off;
1120 if ($offarg + $off >= len ) {
1127 switch (name[$offarg + $off]) {
1130 foreach my $letter (sort keys %leading) {
1132 $let = '\0' if $letter eq '';
1137 if (@{$leading{$letter}} > 1) {
1138 # It makes sense to call a function
1141 if (!strnEQ(name + $offarg,"$leader", $off))
1146 return constant_$pref$leader$letter(name, len, arg);
1152 = protect_convert_to_double("$pref$leader$letter$leading{$letter}[0]");
1155 if (strEQ(name + $offarg, "$leader$letter$leading{$letter}[0]")) { /* $pref removed */
1156 #ifdef $pref$leader$letter$leading{$letter}[0]
1157 return $protect$pref$leader$letter$leading{$letter}[0];
1184 croak("$module::%s not implemented on this architecture", s);
1190 write_const(\*XS, '', 0, \@const_names);
1193 print_tievar_subs(\*XS, $_, $vdecl_hash{$_}) for @vdecls;
1196 $prefix = "PREFIX = $opt_p" if defined $opt_p;
1198 # Now switch from C to XS by issuing the first MODULE declaration:
1201 MODULE = $module PACKAGE = $module $prefix
1205 foreach (sort keys %const_xsub) {
1214 croak("Your vendor has not defined the $module macro $_");
1223 # If a constant() function was written then output a corresponding
1225 print XS <<"END" unless $opt_c;
1233 char * s = SvPV(sv, len);
1236 RETVAL = constant(s,len,arg);
1248 my ($type, $name, $args) = @$decl;
1249 return if $seen_decl{$name}++; # Need to do the same for docs as well?
1251 my @argnames = map {$_->[1]} @$args;
1252 my @argtypes = map { normalize_type( $_->[0], 1 ) } @$args;
1254 s/^\s*const\b\s*// for @argtypes;
1256 my @argarrays = map { $_->[4] || '' } @$args;
1257 my $numargs = @$args;
1258 if ($numargs and $argtypes[-1] eq '...') {
1260 $argnames[-1] = '...';
1263 $type = normalize_type($type, 1);
1271 for my $arg (0 .. $numargs - 1) {
1273 $argtypes[$arg] $argnames[$arg]$argarrays[$arg]
1278 sub print_tievar_subs {
1279 my($fh, $name, $type) = @_;
1282 _get_$name(IV index, SV *sv) {
1287 (void)call_pv("$module\::_get_$name", G_DISCARD);
1292 _set_$name(IV index, SV *sv) {
1297 (void)call_pv("$module\::_set_$name", G_DISCARD);
1304 sub print_tievar_xsubs {
1305 my($fh, $name, $type) = @_;
1313 uf.uf_val = &_get_$name;
1314 uf.uf_set = &_set_$name;
1315 uf.uf_index = (IV)&_get_$name;
1316 sv_magic(sv, 0, 'U', (char*)&uf, sizeof(uf));
1320 $type THIS = NO_INIT
1336 sub print_accessors {
1337 my($fh, $name, $struct) = @_;
1338 return unless defined $struct && $name !~ /\s|_ANON/;
1339 $name = normalize_type($name);
1340 my $ptrname = normalize_type("$name *");
1343 MODULE = $module PACKAGE = ${name} $prefix
1347 $name THIS = NO_INIT
1350 if (sv_derived_from(ST(0), "$name")) {
1352 char *s = SvPV((SV*)SvRV(ST(0)), len);
1353 if (len != sizeof(THIS))
1354 croak("Size \%d of packed data != expected \%d",
1356 RETVAL = ($name *)s;
1359 croak("THIS is not of type $name");
1365 char *CLASS = NO_INIT
1368 Zero((void*)&RETVAL, sizeof(RETVAL), char);
1372 MODULE = $module PACKAGE = ${name}Ptr $prefix
1375 my @items = @$struct;
1377 my $item = shift @items;
1378 if ($item->[0] =~ /_ANON/) {
1379 if (defined $item->[2]) {
1381 @$_[0, 1], "$item->[2]_$_->[2]", "$item->[2].$_->[2]",
1382 ], @{ $structs{$item->[0]} };
1384 push @items, @{ $structs{$item->[0]} };
1387 my $type = normalize_type($item->[0]);
1388 my $ttype = $structs{$type} ? normalize_type("$type *") : $type;
1391 $item->[2](THIS, __value = NO_INIT)
1397 THIS->$item->[-1] = __value;
1399 $type eq $ttype ? "THIS->$item->[-1]" : "&(THIS->$item->[-1])"
1409 # Should be called before any actual call to normalize_type().
1411 # We do not want to read ./typemap by obvios reasons.
1412 my @tm = qw(../../../typemap ../../typemap ../typemap);
1413 my $stdtypemap = "$Config::Config{privlib}/ExtUtils/typemap";
1414 unshift @tm, $stdtypemap;
1415 my $proto_re = "[" . quotemeta('\$%&*@;') . "]" ;
1417 # Start with useful default values
1418 $typemap{float} = 'T_DOUBLE';
1420 foreach my $typemap (@tm) {
1421 next unless -e $typemap ;
1422 # skip directories, binary files etc.
1423 warn " Scanning $typemap\n";
1424 warn("Warning: ignoring non-text typemap file '$typemap'\n"), next
1425 unless -T $typemap ;
1426 open(TYPEMAP, $typemap)
1427 or warn ("Warning: could not open typemap file '$typemap': $!\n"), next;
1428 my $mode = 'Typemap';
1431 if (/^INPUT\s*$/) { $mode = 'Input'; next; }
1432 elsif (/^OUTPUT\s*$/) { $mode = 'Output'; next; }
1433 elsif (/^TYPEMAP\s*$/) { $mode = 'Typemap'; next; }
1434 elsif ($mode eq 'Typemap') {
1435 next if /^\s*($|\#)/ ;
1437 if ( ($type, $image) =
1438 /^\s*(.*?\S)\s+(\S+)\s*($proto_re*)\s*$/o
1439 # This may reference undefined functions:
1440 and not ($image eq 'T_PACKED' and $typemap eq $stdtypemap)) {
1441 $typemap{normalize_type($type)} = $image;
1445 close(TYPEMAP) or die "Cannot close $typemap: $!";
1447 %std_types = %types_seen;
1452 sub normalize_type { # Second arg: do not strip const's before \*
1454 my $do_keep_deep_const = shift;
1455 # If $do_keep_deep_const this is heuristical only
1456 my $keep_deep_const = ($do_keep_deep_const ? '\b(?![^(,)]*\*)' : '');
1458 = "(?:\\b(?:(?:__const__|const)$keep_deep_const|static|inline|__inline__)\\b\\s*)*";
1459 if ($do_keep_deep_const) { # Keep different compiled /RExen/o separately!
1460 $type =~ s/$ignore_mods//go;
1463 $type =~ s/$ignore_mods//go;
1465 $type =~ s/([^\s\w])/ \1 /g;
1469 $type =~ s/\* (?=\*)/*/g;
1470 $type =~ s/\. \. \./.../g;
1472 $types_seen{$type}++
1473 unless $type eq '...' or $type eq 'void' or $std_types{$type};
1479 sub assign_typemap_entry {
1483 if ($tmask and $type =~ /$tmask/) {
1484 print "Type $type matches -o mask\n" if $opt_d;
1485 $entry = (td_is_struct($type) ? "T_OPAQUE_STRUCT" : "T_PTROBJ");
1487 elsif ($typedef_rex and $type =~ s/($typedef_rex)/$typedefs_pre{$1}/go) {
1488 $type = normalize_type $type;
1489 print "Type mutation via typedefs: $otype ==> $type\n" if $opt_d;
1490 $entry = assign_typemap_entry($type);
1492 $entry ||= $typemap{$otype}
1493 || (td_is_struct($type) ? "T_OPAQUE_STRUCT" : "T_PTROBJ");
1494 $typemap{$otype} = $entry;
1495 $need_opaque = 1 if $entry eq "T_OPAQUE_STRUCT";
1500 print_tievar_xsubs(\*XS, $_, $vdecl_hash{$_});
1504 for my $decl (@$fdecls_parsed) { print_decl(\*XS, $decl) }
1506 while (my($name, $struct) = each %structs) {
1507 print_accessors(\*XS, $name, $struct);
1516 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/typemap\n";
1517 open TM, ">typemap" or die "Cannot open typemap file for write: $!";
1519 for $type (sort keys %types_seen) {
1520 my $entry = assign_typemap_entry $type;
1521 print TM $type, "\t" x (5 - int((length $type)/8)), "\t$entry\n"
1524 print TM <<'EOP' if $need_opaque; # Older Perls do not have correct entry
1525 #############################################################################
1528 if (sv_derived_from($arg, \"${ntype}\")) {
1530 char *s = SvPV((SV*)SvRV($arg), len);
1532 if (len != sizeof($var))
1533 croak(\"Size %d of packed data != expected %d\",
1538 croak(\"$var is not of type ${ntype}\")
1539 #############################################################################
1542 sv_setref_pvn($arg, \"${ntype}\", (char *)&$var, sizeof($var));
1545 close TM or die "Cannot close typemap file for write: $!";
1550 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL\n";
1551 open(PL, ">Makefile.PL") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL: $!\n";
1554 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
1555 # See lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm for details of how to influence
1556 # the contents of the Makefile that is written.
1558 'NAME' => '$module',
1559 'VERSION_FROM' => '$modfname.pm', # finds \$VERSION
1560 'PREREQ_PM' => {}, # e.g., Module::Name => 1.1
1562 if (!$opt_X) { # print C stuff, unless XS is disabled
1563 $opt_F = '' unless defined $opt_F;
1565 'LIBS' => ['$extralibs'], # e.g., '-lm'
1566 'DEFINE' => '$opt_F', # e.g., '-DHAVE_SOMETHING'
1567 'INC' => '', # e.g., '-I/usr/include/other'
1571 close(PL) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL: $!\n";
1573 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/test.pl\n";
1574 open(EX, ">test.pl") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/test.pl: $!\n";
1576 # Before `make install' is performed this script should be runnable with
1577 # `make test'. After `make install' it should work as `perl test.pl'
1579 ######################### We start with some black magic to print on failure.
1581 # Change 1..1 below to 1..last_test_to_print .
1582 # (It may become useful if the test is moved to ./t subdirectory.)
1584 BEGIN { $| = 1; print "1..1\n"; }
1585 END {print "not ok 1\n" unless $loaded;}
1594 ######################### End of black magic.
1596 # Insert your test code below (better if it prints "ok 13"
1597 # (correspondingly "not ok 13") depending on the success of chunk 13
1598 # of the test code):
1601 close(EX) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/test.pl: $!\n";
1604 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/Changes\n";
1606 open(EX, ">Changes") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/Changes: $!\n";
1607 @ARGS = map {/[\s\"\'\`\$*?^|&<>\[\]\{\}\(\)]/ ? "'$_'" : $_} @ARGS;
1609 Revision history for Perl extension $module.
1611 $TEMPLATE_VERSION @{[scalar localtime]}
1612 \t- original version; created by h2xs $H2XS_VERSION with options
1616 close(EX) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/Changes: $!\n";
1619 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/MANIFEST\n";
1620 open(MANI,'>MANIFEST') or die "Can't create MANIFEST: $!";
1623 eval {opendir(D,'.');};
1624 unless ($@) { @files = readdir(D); closedir(D); }
1626 if (!@files) { @files = map {chomp && $_} `ls`; }
1629 # Clip trailing '.' for portability -- non-VMS OSs don't expect it
1631 # Fix up for case-sensitive file systems
1632 s/$modfname/$modfname/i && next;
1633 $_ = "\U$_" if $_ eq 'manifest' or $_ eq 'changes';
1634 $_ = 'Makefile.PL' if $_ eq 'makefile.pl';
1637 print MANI join("\n",@files), "\n";
1641 close OUT or die "Can't close $file: $!";
1642 chmod 0755, $file or die "Can't reset permissions for $file: $!\n";
1643 exec("$Config{'eunicefix'} $file") if $Config{'eunicefix'} ne ':';