3 * Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * "Very useful, no doubt, that was to Saruman; yet it seems that he was
13 * not content." --Gandalf
16 /* This file contains assorted utility routines.
17 * Which is a polite way of saying any stuff that people couldn't think of
18 * a better place for. Amongst other things, it includes the warning and
19 * dieing stuff, plus wrappers for malloc code.
23 #define PERL_IN_UTIL_C
29 # define SIG_ERR ((Sighandler_t) -1)
34 /* Missing protos on LynxOS */
39 # include <sys/wait.h>
44 # include <sys/select.h>
50 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD) && !defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
51 # define FD_CLOEXEC 1 /* NeXT needs this */
54 /* NOTE: Do not call the next three routines directly. Use the macros
55 * in handy.h, so that we can easily redefine everything to do tracking of
56 * allocated hunks back to the original New to track down any memory leaks.
57 * XXX This advice seems to be widely ignored :-( --AD August 1996.
64 /* Can't use PerlIO to write as it allocates memory */
65 PerlLIO_write(PerlIO_fileno(Perl_error_log),
66 PL_no_mem, strlen(PL_no_mem));
68 NORETURN_FUNCTION_END;
71 /* paranoid version of system's malloc() */
74 Perl_safesysmalloc(MEM_SIZE size)
80 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
81 "Allocation too large: %lx\n", size) FLUSH;
84 #endif /* HAS_64K_LIMIT */
85 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
90 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: malloc");
92 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_malloc(size?size:1); /* malloc(0) is NASTY on our system */
93 PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
94 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) malloc %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)size));
96 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
97 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
98 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)ptr;
102 PoisonNew(((char *)ptr), size, char);
105 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
106 header->interpreter = aTHX;
107 /* Link us into the list. */
108 header->prev = &PL_memory_debug_header;
109 header->next = PL_memory_debug_header.next;
110 PL_memory_debug_header.next = header;
111 header->next->prev = header;
115 ptr = (Malloc_t)((char*)ptr+sTHX);
122 return write_no_mem();
127 /* paranoid version of system's realloc() */
130 Perl_safesysrealloc(Malloc_t where,MEM_SIZE size)
134 #if !defined(STANDARD_C) && !defined(HAS_REALLOC_PROTOTYPE) && !defined(PERL_MICRO)
135 Malloc_t PerlMem_realloc();
136 #endif /* !defined(STANDARD_C) && !defined(HAS_REALLOC_PROTOTYPE) */
140 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
141 "Reallocation too large: %lx\n", size) FLUSH;
144 #endif /* HAS_64K_LIMIT */
151 return safesysmalloc(size);
152 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
153 where = (Malloc_t)((char*)where-sTHX);
156 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
157 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)where;
159 if (header->interpreter != aTHX) {
160 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: realloc from wrong pool");
162 assert(header->next->prev == header);
163 assert(header->prev->next == header);
165 if (header->size > size) {
166 const MEM_SIZE freed_up = header->size - size;
167 char *start_of_freed = ((char *)where) + size;
168 PoisonFree(start_of_freed, freed_up, char);
176 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: realloc");
178 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_realloc(where,size);
179 PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
181 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) rfree\n",PTR2UV(where),(long)PL_an++));
182 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) realloc %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)size));
185 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
186 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
187 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)ptr;
190 if (header->size < size) {
191 const MEM_SIZE fresh = size - header->size;
192 char *start_of_fresh = ((char *)ptr) + size;
193 PoisonNew(start_of_fresh, fresh, char);
197 header->next->prev = header;
198 header->prev->next = header;
200 ptr = (Malloc_t)((char*)ptr+sTHX);
207 return write_no_mem();
212 /* safe version of system's free() */
215 Perl_safesysfree(Malloc_t where)
217 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS) || defined(PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL)
222 DEBUG_m( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) free\n",PTR2UV(where),(long)PL_an++));
224 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
225 where = (Malloc_t)((char*)where-sTHX);
227 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
228 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)where;
230 if (header->interpreter != aTHX) {
231 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: free from wrong pool");
234 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: duplicate free");
236 if (!(header->next) || header->next->prev != header
237 || header->prev->next != header) {
238 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: bad free");
240 /* Unlink us from the chain. */
241 header->next->prev = header->prev;
242 header->prev->next = header->next;
244 PoisonNew(where, header->size, char);
246 /* Trigger the duplicate free warning. */
254 /* safe version of system's calloc() */
257 Perl_safesyscalloc(MEM_SIZE count, MEM_SIZE size)
263 if (size * count > 0xffff) {
264 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
265 "Allocation too large: %lx\n", size * count) FLUSH;
268 #endif /* HAS_64K_LIMIT */
270 if ((long)size < 0 || (long)count < 0)
271 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: calloc");
274 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
277 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_malloc(size?size:1); /* malloc(0) is NASTY on our system */
278 PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
279 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) calloc %ld x %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)count,(long)size));
281 memset((void*)ptr, 0, size);
282 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
284 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
285 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)ptr;
287 header->interpreter = aTHX;
288 /* Link us into the list. */
289 header->prev = &PL_memory_debug_header;
290 header->next = PL_memory_debug_header.next;
291 PL_memory_debug_header.next = header;
292 header->next->prev = header;
296 ptr = (Malloc_t)((char*)ptr+sTHX);
303 return write_no_mem();
306 /* These must be defined when not using Perl's malloc for binary
311 Malloc_t Perl_malloc (MEM_SIZE nbytes)
314 return (Malloc_t)PerlMem_malloc(nbytes);
317 Malloc_t Perl_calloc (MEM_SIZE elements, MEM_SIZE size)
320 return (Malloc_t)PerlMem_calloc(elements, size);
323 Malloc_t Perl_realloc (Malloc_t where, MEM_SIZE nbytes)
326 return (Malloc_t)PerlMem_realloc(where, nbytes);
329 Free_t Perl_mfree (Malloc_t where)
337 /* copy a string up to some (non-backslashed) delimiter, if any */
340 Perl_delimcpy(pTHX_ register char *to, register const char *toend, register const char *from, register const char *fromend, register int delim, I32 *retlen)
344 for (tolen = 0; from < fromend; from++, tolen++) {
346 if (from[1] == delim)
355 else if (*from == delim)
366 /* return ptr to little string in big string, NULL if not found */
367 /* This routine was donated by Corey Satten. */
370 Perl_instr(pTHX_ register const char *big, register const char *little)
381 register const char *s, *x;
384 for (x=big,s=little; *s; /**/ ) {
395 return (char*)(big-1);
400 /* same as instr but allow embedded nulls */
403 Perl_ninstr(pTHX_ const char *big, const char *bigend, const char *little, const char *lend)
409 char first = *little++;
411 bigend -= lend - little;
413 while (big <= bigend) {
416 for (x=big,s=little; s < lend; x++,s++) {
420 return (char*)(big-1);
426 /* reverse of the above--find last substring */
429 Perl_rninstr(pTHX_ register const char *big, const char *bigend, const char *little, const char *lend)
431 register const char *bigbeg;
432 register const I32 first = *little;
433 register const char * const littleend = lend;
436 if (little >= littleend)
437 return (char*)bigend;
439 big = bigend - (littleend - little++);
440 while (big >= bigbeg) {
441 register const char *s, *x;
444 for (x=big+2,s=little; s < littleend; /**/ ) {
453 return (char*)(big+1);
458 #define FBM_TABLE_OFFSET 2 /* Number of bytes between EOS and table*/
460 /* As a space optimization, we do not compile tables for strings of length
461 0 and 1, and for strings of length 2 unless FBMcf_TAIL. These are
462 special-cased in fbm_instr().
464 If FBMcf_TAIL, the table is created as if the string has a trailing \n. */
467 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
469 =for apidoc fbm_compile
471 Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
472 -- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
478 Perl_fbm_compile(pTHX_ SV *sv, U32 flags)
481 register const U8 *s;
487 if (flags & FBMcf_TAIL) {
488 MAGIC * const mg = SvUTF8(sv) && SvMAGICAL(sv) ? mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8) : NULL;
489 sv_catpvs(sv, "\n"); /* Taken into account in fbm_instr() */
490 if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0)
493 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_mutable(sv, len);
494 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVBM);
495 if (len == 0) /* TAIL might be on a zero-length string. */
498 const unsigned char *sb;
499 const U8 mlen = (len>255) ? 255 : (U8)len;
502 Sv_Grow(sv, len + 256 + FBM_TABLE_OFFSET);
503 table = (unsigned char*)(SvPVX_mutable(sv) + len + FBM_TABLE_OFFSET);
504 s = table - 1 - FBM_TABLE_OFFSET; /* last char */
505 memset((void*)table, mlen, 256);
506 table[-1] = (U8)flags;
508 sb = s - mlen + 1; /* first char (maybe) */
510 if (table[*s] == mlen)
515 sv_magic(sv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_bm, NULL, 0); /* deep magic */
518 s = (const unsigned char*)(SvPVX_const(sv)); /* deeper magic */
519 for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
520 if (PL_freq[s[i]] < frequency) {
522 frequency = PL_freq[s[i]];
525 BmRARE(sv) = s[rarest];
526 BmPREVIOUS(sv) = (U16)rarest;
527 BmUSEFUL(sv) = 100; /* Initial value */
528 if (flags & FBMcf_TAIL)
530 DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "rarest char %c at %d\n",
531 BmRARE(sv),BmPREVIOUS(sv)));
534 /* If SvTAIL(littlestr), it has a fake '\n' at end. */
535 /* If SvTAIL is actually due to \Z or \z, this gives false positives
539 =for apidoc fbm_instr
541 Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
542 C<strend>. It returns C<NULL> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
543 does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
550 Perl_fbm_instr(pTHX_ unsigned char *big, register unsigned char *bigend, SV *littlestr, U32 flags)
552 register unsigned char *s;
554 register const unsigned char *little
555 = (const unsigned char *)SvPV_const(littlestr,l);
556 register STRLEN littlelen = l;
557 register const I32 multiline = flags & FBMrf_MULTILINE;
559 if ((STRLEN)(bigend - big) < littlelen) {
560 if ( SvTAIL(littlestr)
561 && ((STRLEN)(bigend - big) == littlelen - 1)
563 || (*big == *little &&
564 memEQ((char *)big, (char *)little, littlelen - 1))))
569 if (littlelen <= 2) { /* Special-cased */
571 if (littlelen == 1) {
572 if (SvTAIL(littlestr) && !multiline) { /* Anchor only! */
573 /* Know that bigend != big. */
574 if (bigend[-1] == '\n')
575 return (char *)(bigend - 1);
576 return (char *) bigend;
584 if (SvTAIL(littlestr))
585 return (char *) bigend;
589 return (char*)big; /* Cannot be SvTAIL! */
592 if (SvTAIL(littlestr) && !multiline) {
593 if (bigend[-1] == '\n' && bigend[-2] == *little)
594 return (char*)bigend - 2;
595 if (bigend[-1] == *little)
596 return (char*)bigend - 1;
600 /* This should be better than FBM if c1 == c2, and almost
601 as good otherwise: maybe better since we do less indirection.
602 And we save a lot of memory by caching no table. */
603 const unsigned char c1 = little[0];
604 const unsigned char c2 = little[1];
609 while (s <= bigend) {
619 goto check_1char_anchor;
630 goto check_1char_anchor;
633 while (s <= bigend) {
638 goto check_1char_anchor;
647 check_1char_anchor: /* One char and anchor! */
648 if (SvTAIL(littlestr) && (*bigend == *little))
649 return (char *)bigend; /* bigend is already decremented. */
652 if (SvTAIL(littlestr) && !multiline) { /* tail anchored? */
653 s = bigend - littlelen;
654 if (s >= big && bigend[-1] == '\n' && *s == *little
655 /* Automatically of length > 2 */
656 && memEQ((char*)s + 1, (char*)little + 1, littlelen - 2))
658 return (char*)s; /* how sweet it is */
661 && memEQ((char*)s + 2, (char*)little + 1, littlelen - 2))
663 return (char*)s + 1; /* how sweet it is */
667 if (SvTYPE(littlestr) != SVt_PVBM || !SvVALID(littlestr)) {
668 char * const b = ninstr((char*)big,(char*)bigend,
669 (char*)little, (char*)little + littlelen);
671 if (!b && SvTAIL(littlestr)) { /* Automatically multiline! */
672 /* Chop \n from littlestr: */
673 s = bigend - littlelen + 1;
675 && memEQ((char*)s + 1, (char*)little + 1, littlelen - 2))
684 { /* Do actual FBM. */
685 register const unsigned char * const table = little + littlelen + FBM_TABLE_OFFSET;
686 register const unsigned char *oldlittle;
688 if (littlelen > (STRLEN)(bigend - big))
690 --littlelen; /* Last char found by table lookup */
693 little += littlelen; /* last char */
699 if ((tmp = table[*s])) {
700 if ((s += tmp) < bigend)
704 else { /* less expensive than calling strncmp() */
705 register unsigned char * const olds = s;
710 if (*--s == *--little)
712 s = olds + 1; /* here we pay the price for failure */
714 if (s < bigend) /* fake up continue to outer loop */
722 if ( s == bigend && (table[-1] & FBMcf_TAIL)
723 && memEQ((char *)(bigend - littlelen),
724 (char *)(oldlittle - littlelen), littlelen) )
725 return (char*)bigend - littlelen;
730 /* start_shift, end_shift are positive quantities which give offsets
731 of ends of some substring of bigstr.
732 If "last" we want the last occurrence.
733 old_posp is the way of communication between consequent calls if
734 the next call needs to find the .
735 The initial *old_posp should be -1.
737 Note that we take into account SvTAIL, so one can get extra
738 optimizations if _ALL flag is set.
741 /* If SvTAIL is actually due to \Z or \z, this gives false positives
742 if PL_multiline. In fact if !PL_multiline the authoritative answer
743 is not supported yet. */
746 Perl_screaminstr(pTHX_ SV *bigstr, SV *littlestr, I32 start_shift, I32 end_shift, I32 *old_posp, I32 last)
749 register const unsigned char *big;
751 register I32 previous;
753 register const unsigned char *little;
754 register I32 stop_pos;
755 register const unsigned char *littleend;
759 ? (pos = PL_screamfirst[BmRARE(littlestr)]) < 0
760 : (((pos = *old_posp), pos += PL_screamnext[pos]) == 0)) {
762 if ( BmRARE(littlestr) == '\n'
763 && BmPREVIOUS(littlestr) == SvCUR(littlestr) - 1) {
764 little = (const unsigned char *)(SvPVX_const(littlestr));
765 littleend = little + SvCUR(littlestr);
772 little = (const unsigned char *)(SvPVX_const(littlestr));
773 littleend = little + SvCUR(littlestr);
775 /* The value of pos we can start at: */
776 previous = BmPREVIOUS(littlestr);
777 big = (const unsigned char *)(SvPVX_const(bigstr));
778 /* The value of pos we can stop at: */
779 stop_pos = SvCUR(bigstr) - end_shift - (SvCUR(littlestr) - 1 - previous);
780 if (previous + start_shift > stop_pos) {
782 stop_pos does not include SvTAIL in the count, so this check is incorrect
783 (I think) - see [ID 20010618.006] and t/op/study.t. HVDS 2001/06/19
786 if (previous + start_shift == stop_pos + 1) /* A fake '\n'? */
791 while (pos < previous + start_shift) {
792 if (!(pos += PL_screamnext[pos]))
797 register const unsigned char *s, *x;
798 if (pos >= stop_pos) break;
799 if (big[pos] != first)
801 for (x=big+pos+1,s=little; s < littleend; /**/ ) {
807 if (s == littleend) {
809 if (!last) return (char *)(big+pos);
812 } while ( pos += PL_screamnext[pos] );
814 return (char *)(big+(*old_posp));
816 if (!SvTAIL(littlestr) || (end_shift > 0))
818 /* Ignore the trailing "\n". This code is not microoptimized */
819 big = (const unsigned char *)(SvPVX_const(bigstr) + SvCUR(bigstr));
820 stop_pos = littleend - little; /* Actual littlestr len */
825 && ((stop_pos == 1) ||
826 memEQ((char *)(big + 1), (char *)little, stop_pos - 1)))
832 Perl_ibcmp(pTHX_ const char *s1, const char *s2, register I32 len)
834 register const U8 *a = (const U8 *)s1;
835 register const U8 *b = (const U8 *)s2;
839 if (*a != *b && *a != PL_fold[*b])
847 Perl_ibcmp_locale(pTHX_ const char *s1, const char *s2, register I32 len)
850 register const U8 *a = (const U8 *)s1;
851 register const U8 *b = (const U8 *)s2;
855 if (*a != *b && *a != PL_fold_locale[*b])
862 /* copy a string to a safe spot */
865 =head1 Memory Management
869 Perl's version of C<strdup()>. Returns a pointer to a newly allocated
870 string which is a duplicate of C<pv>. The size of the string is
871 determined by C<strlen()>. The memory allocated for the new string can
872 be freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
878 Perl_savepv(pTHX_ const char *pv)
885 const STRLEN pvlen = strlen(pv)+1;
886 Newx(newaddr,pvlen,char);
887 return memcpy(newaddr,pv,pvlen);
891 /* same thing but with a known length */
896 Perl's version of what C<strndup()> would be if it existed. Returns a
897 pointer to a newly allocated string which is a duplicate of the first
898 C<len> bytes from C<pv>. The memory allocated for the new string can be
899 freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
905 Perl_savepvn(pTHX_ const char *pv, register I32 len)
907 register char *newaddr;
910 Newx(newaddr,len+1,char);
911 /* Give a meaning to NULL pointer mainly for the use in sv_magic() */
913 /* might not be null terminated */
915 return (char *) CopyD(pv,newaddr,len,char);
918 return (char *) ZeroD(newaddr,len+1,char);
923 =for apidoc savesharedpv
925 A version of C<savepv()> which allocates the duplicate string in memory
926 which is shared between threads.
931 Perl_savesharedpv(pTHX_ const char *pv)
933 register char *newaddr;
938 pvlen = strlen(pv)+1;
939 newaddr = (char*)PerlMemShared_malloc(pvlen);
941 return write_no_mem();
943 return memcpy(newaddr,pv,pvlen);
949 A version of C<savepv()>/C<savepvn()> which gets the string to duplicate from
950 the passed in SV using C<SvPV()>
956 Perl_savesvpv(pTHX_ SV *sv)
959 const char * const pv = SvPV_const(sv, len);
960 register char *newaddr;
963 Newx(newaddr,len,char);
964 return (char *) CopyD(pv,newaddr,len,char);
968 /* the SV for Perl_form() and mess() is not kept in an arena */
978 return sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
983 /* Create as PVMG now, to avoid any upgrading later */
985 Newxz(any, 1, XPVMG);
986 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVt_PVMG;
987 SvANY(sv) = (void*)any;
989 SvREFCNT(sv) = 1 << 30; /* practically infinite */
994 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
996 Perl_form_nocontext(const char* pat, ...)
1001 va_start(args, pat);
1002 retval = vform(pat, &args);
1006 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1009 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
1012 Takes a sprintf-style format pattern and conventional
1013 (non-SV) arguments and returns the formatted string.
1015 (char *) Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1017 can be used any place a string (char *) is required:
1019 char * s = Perl_form("%d.%d",major,minor);
1021 Uses a single private buffer so if you want to format several strings you
1022 must explicitly copy the earlier strings away (and free the copies when you
1029 Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1033 va_start(args, pat);
1034 retval = vform(pat, &args);
1040 Perl_vform(pTHX_ const char *pat, va_list *args)
1042 SV * const sv = mess_alloc();
1043 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
1047 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1049 Perl_mess_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1054 va_start(args, pat);
1055 retval = vmess(pat, &args);
1059 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1062 Perl_mess(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1066 va_start(args, pat);
1067 retval = vmess(pat, &args);
1073 S_closest_cop(pTHX_ const COP *cop, const OP *o)
1076 /* Look for PL_op starting from o. cop is the last COP we've seen. */
1078 if (!o || o == PL_op)
1081 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1083 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1086 /* If the OP_NEXTSTATE has been optimised away we can still use it
1087 * the get the file and line number. */
1089 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE)
1090 cop = (const COP *)kid;
1092 /* Keep searching, and return when we've found something. */
1094 new_cop = closest_cop(cop, kid);
1100 /* Nothing found. */
1106 Perl_vmess(pTHX_ const char *pat, va_list *args)
1109 SV * const sv = mess_alloc();
1111 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
1112 if (!SvCUR(sv) || *(SvEND(sv) - 1) != '\n') {
1114 * Try and find the file and line for PL_op. This will usually be
1115 * PL_curcop, but it might be a cop that has been optimised away. We
1116 * can try to find such a cop by searching through the optree starting
1117 * from the sibling of PL_curcop.
1120 const COP *cop = closest_cop(PL_curcop, PL_curcop->op_sibling);
1125 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " at %s line %"IVdf,
1126 OutCopFILE(cop), (IV)CopLINE(cop));
1127 if (GvIO(PL_last_in_gv) && IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv))) {
1128 const bool line_mode = (RsSIMPLE(PL_rs) &&
1129 SvCUR(PL_rs) == 1 && *SvPVX_const(PL_rs) == '\n');
1130 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, ", <%s> %s %"IVdf,
1131 PL_last_in_gv == PL_argvgv ? "" : GvNAME(PL_last_in_gv),
1132 line_mode ? "line" : "chunk",
1133 (IV)IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv)));
1136 sv_catpvs(sv, " during global destruction");
1137 sv_catpvs(sv, ".\n");
1143 Perl_write_to_stderr(pTHX_ const char* message, int msglen)
1149 if (PL_stderrgv && SvREFCNT(PL_stderrgv)
1150 && (io = GvIO(PL_stderrgv))
1151 && (mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar)))
1158 SAVESPTR(PL_stderrgv);
1161 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1165 PUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)io, mg));
1166 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(message, msglen)));
1168 call_method("PRINT", G_SCALAR);
1176 /* SFIO can really mess with your errno */
1177 const int e = errno;
1179 PerlIO * const serr = Perl_error_log;
1181 PERL_WRITE_MSG_TO_CONSOLE(serr, message, msglen);
1182 (void)PerlIO_flush(serr);
1189 /* Common code used by vcroak, vdie, vwarn and vwarner */
1192 S_vdie_common(pTHX_ const char *message, STRLEN msglen, I32 utf8, bool warn)
1198 SV **const hook = warn ? &PL_warnhook : &PL_diehook;
1199 /* sv_2cv might call Perl_croak() or Perl_warner() */
1200 SV * const oldhook = *hook;
1207 cv = sv_2cv(oldhook, &stash, &gv, 0);
1209 if (cv && !CvDEPTH(cv) && (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv))) {
1219 if (warn || message) {
1220 msg = newSVpvn(message, msglen);
1221 SvFLAGS(msg) |= utf8;
1229 PUSHSTACKi(warn ? PERLSI_WARNHOOK : PERLSI_DIEHOOK);
1233 call_sv((SV*)cv, G_DISCARD);
1242 S_vdie_croak_common(pTHX_ const char* pat, va_list* args, STRLEN* msglen,
1246 const char *message;
1249 SV * const msv = vmess(pat, args);
1250 if (PL_errors && SvCUR(PL_errors)) {
1251 sv_catsv(PL_errors, msv);
1252 message = SvPV_const(PL_errors, *msglen);
1253 SvCUR_set(PL_errors, 0);
1256 message = SvPV_const(msv,*msglen);
1257 *utf8 = SvUTF8(msv);
1263 DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1264 "%p: die/croak: message = %s\ndiehook = %p\n",
1265 thr, message, PL_diehook));
1267 S_vdie_common(aTHX_ message, *msglen, *utf8, FALSE);
1273 Perl_vdie(pTHX_ const char* pat, va_list *args)
1276 const char *message;
1277 const int was_in_eval = PL_in_eval;
1281 DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1282 "%p: die: curstack = %p, mainstack = %p\n",
1283 thr, PL_curstack, PL_mainstack));
1285 message = vdie_croak_common(pat, args, &msglen, &utf8);
1287 PL_restartop = die_where(message, msglen);
1288 SvFLAGS(ERRSV) |= utf8;
1289 DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1290 "%p: die: restartop = %p, was_in_eval = %d, top_env = %p\n",
1291 thr, PL_restartop, was_in_eval, PL_top_env));
1292 if ((!PL_restartop && was_in_eval) || PL_top_env->je_prev)
1294 return PL_restartop;
1297 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1299 Perl_die_nocontext(const char* pat, ...)
1304 va_start(args, pat);
1305 o = vdie(pat, &args);
1309 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1312 Perl_die(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1316 va_start(args, pat);
1317 o = vdie(pat, &args);
1323 Perl_vcroak(pTHX_ const char* pat, va_list *args)
1326 const char *message;
1330 message = S_vdie_croak_common(aTHX_ pat, args, &msglen, &utf8);
1333 PL_restartop = die_where(message, msglen);
1334 SvFLAGS(ERRSV) |= utf8;
1338 message = SvPVx_const(ERRSV, msglen);
1340 write_to_stderr(message, msglen);
1344 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1346 Perl_croak_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1350 va_start(args, pat);
1355 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1358 =head1 Warning and Dieing
1362 This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
1363 Normally call this function the same way you call the C C<printf>
1364 function. Calling C<croak> returns control directly to Perl,
1365 sidestepping the normal C order of execution. See C<warn>.
1367 If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
1368 C<$@> and then pass C<NULL> to croak():
1370 errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
1371 sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
1378 Perl_croak(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1381 va_start(args, pat);
1388 Perl_vwarn(pTHX_ const char* pat, va_list *args)
1392 SV * const msv = vmess(pat, args);
1393 const I32 utf8 = SvUTF8(msv);
1394 const char * const message = SvPV_const(msv, msglen);
1397 if (vdie_common(message, msglen, utf8, TRUE))
1401 write_to_stderr(message, msglen);
1404 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1406 Perl_warn_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1410 va_start(args, pat);
1414 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1419 This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Call this
1420 function the same way you call the C C<printf> function. See C<croak>.
1426 Perl_warn(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1429 va_start(args, pat);
1434 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1436 Perl_warner_nocontext(U32 err, const char *pat, ...)
1440 va_start(args, pat);
1441 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
1444 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1447 Perl_warner(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat,...)
1450 va_start(args, pat);
1451 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
1456 Perl_vwarner(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat, va_list* args)
1460 SV * const msv = vmess(pat, args);
1462 const char * const message = SvPV_const(msv, msglen);
1463 const I32 utf8 = SvUTF8(msv);
1467 S_vdie_common(aTHX_ message, msglen, utf8, FALSE);
1470 PL_restartop = die_where(message, msglen);
1471 SvFLAGS(ERRSV) |= utf8;
1474 write_to_stderr(message, msglen);
1478 Perl_vwarn(aTHX_ pat, args);
1482 /* implements the ckWARN? macros */
1485 Perl_ckwarn(pTHX_ U32 w)
1491 && PL_curcop->cop_warnings != pWARN_NONE
1493 PL_curcop->cop_warnings == pWARN_ALL
1494 || isWARN_on(PL_curcop->cop_warnings, unpackWARN1(w))
1495 || (unpackWARN2(w) &&
1496 isWARN_on(PL_curcop->cop_warnings, unpackWARN2(w)))
1497 || (unpackWARN3(w) &&
1498 isWARN_on(PL_curcop->cop_warnings, unpackWARN3(w)))
1499 || (unpackWARN4(w) &&
1500 isWARN_on(PL_curcop->cop_warnings, unpackWARN4(w)))
1505 isLEXWARN_off && PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON
1510 /* implements the ckWARN?_d macro */
1513 Perl_ckwarn_d(pTHX_ U32 w)
1518 || PL_curcop->cop_warnings == pWARN_ALL
1520 PL_curcop->cop_warnings != pWARN_NONE
1522 isWARN_on(PL_curcop->cop_warnings, unpackWARN1(w))
1523 || (unpackWARN2(w) &&
1524 isWARN_on(PL_curcop->cop_warnings, unpackWARN2(w)))
1525 || (unpackWARN3(w) &&
1526 isWARN_on(PL_curcop->cop_warnings, unpackWARN3(w)))
1527 || (unpackWARN4(w) &&
1528 isWARN_on(PL_curcop->cop_warnings, unpackWARN4(w)))
1536 /* since we've already done strlen() for both nam and val
1537 * we can use that info to make things faster than
1538 * sprintf(s, "%s=%s", nam, val)
1540 #define my_setenv_format(s, nam, nlen, val, vlen) \
1541 Copy(nam, s, nlen, char); \
1543 Copy(val, s+(nlen+1), vlen, char); \
1544 *(s+(nlen+1+vlen)) = '\0'
1546 #ifdef USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY
1547 /* VMS' my_setenv() is in vms.c */
1548 #if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(NETWARE)
1550 Perl_my_setenv(pTHX_ const char *nam, const char *val)
1554 /* only parent thread can modify process environment */
1555 if (PL_curinterp == aTHX)
1558 #ifndef PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV
1559 if (!PL_use_safe_putenv) {
1560 /* most putenv()s leak, so we manipulate environ directly */
1561 register I32 i=setenv_getix(nam); /* where does it go? */
1564 if (environ == PL_origenviron) { /* need we copy environment? */
1569 for (max = i; environ[max]; max++) ;
1570 tmpenv = (char**)safesysmalloc((max+2) * sizeof(char*));
1571 for (j=0; j<max; j++) { /* copy environment */
1572 const int len = strlen(environ[j]);
1573 tmpenv[j] = (char*)safesysmalloc((len+1)*sizeof(char));
1574 Copy(environ[j], tmpenv[j], len+1, char);
1577 environ = tmpenv; /* tell exec where it is now */
1580 safesysfree(environ[i]);
1581 while (environ[i]) {
1582 environ[i] = environ[i+1];
1587 if (!environ[i]) { /* does not exist yet */
1588 environ = (char**)safesysrealloc(environ, (i+2) * sizeof(char*));
1589 environ[i+1] = NULL; /* make sure it's null terminated */
1592 safesysfree(environ[i]);
1596 environ[i] = (char*)safesysmalloc((nlen+vlen+2) * sizeof(char));
1597 /* all that work just for this */
1598 my_setenv_format(environ[i], nam, nlen, val, vlen);
1601 # if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(EPOC) || defined(__SYMBIAN32__)
1602 # if defined(HAS_UNSETENV)
1604 (void)unsetenv(nam);
1606 (void)setenv(nam, val, 1);
1608 # else /* ! HAS_UNSETENV */
1609 (void)setenv(nam, val, 1);
1610 # endif /* HAS_UNSETENV */
1612 # if defined(HAS_UNSETENV)
1614 (void)unsetenv(nam);
1616 const int nlen = strlen(nam);
1617 const int vlen = strlen(val);
1618 char * const new_env =
1619 (char*)safesysmalloc((nlen + vlen + 2) * sizeof(char));
1620 my_setenv_format(new_env, nam, nlen, val, vlen);
1621 (void)putenv(new_env);
1623 # else /* ! HAS_UNSETENV */
1625 const int nlen = strlen(nam);
1631 new_env = (char*)safesysmalloc((nlen + vlen + 2) * sizeof(char));
1632 /* all that work just for this */
1633 my_setenv_format(new_env, nam, nlen, val, vlen);
1634 (void)putenv(new_env);
1635 # endif /* HAS_UNSETENV */
1636 # endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
1637 #ifndef PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV
1643 #else /* WIN32 || NETWARE */
1646 Perl_my_setenv(pTHX_ const char *nam, const char *val)
1649 register char *envstr;
1650 const int nlen = strlen(nam);
1657 Newx(envstr, nlen+vlen+2, char);
1658 my_setenv_format(envstr, nam, nlen, val, vlen);
1659 (void)PerlEnv_putenv(envstr);
1663 #endif /* WIN32 || NETWARE */
1667 Perl_setenv_getix(pTHX_ const char *nam)
1670 register const I32 len = strlen(nam);
1671 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1673 for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++) {
1676 strnicmp(environ[i],nam,len) == 0
1678 strnEQ(environ[i],nam,len)
1680 && environ[i][len] == '=')
1681 break; /* strnEQ must come first to avoid */
1682 } /* potential SEGV's */
1685 #endif /* !PERL_MICRO */
1687 #endif /* !VMS && !EPOC*/
1689 #ifdef UNLINK_ALL_VERSIONS
1691 Perl_unlnk(pTHX_ const char *f) /* unlink all versions of a file */
1695 for (i = 0; PerlLIO_unlink(f) >= 0; i++) ;
1700 /* this is a drop-in replacement for bcopy() */
1701 #if (!defined(HAS_MEMCPY) && !defined(HAS_BCOPY)) || (!defined(HAS_MEMMOVE) && !defined(HAS_SAFE_MEMCPY) && !defined(HAS_SAFE_BCOPY))
1703 Perl_my_bcopy(register const char *from,register char *to,register I32 len)
1705 char * const retval = to;
1707 if (from - to >= 0) {
1715 *(--to) = *(--from);
1721 /* this is a drop-in replacement for memset() */
1724 Perl_my_memset(register char *loc, register I32 ch, register I32 len)
1726 char * const retval = loc;
1734 /* this is a drop-in replacement for bzero() */
1735 #if !defined(HAS_BZERO) && !defined(HAS_MEMSET)
1737 Perl_my_bzero(register char *loc, register I32 len)
1739 char * const retval = loc;
1747 /* this is a drop-in replacement for memcmp() */
1748 #if !defined(HAS_MEMCMP) || !defined(HAS_SANE_MEMCMP)
1750 Perl_my_memcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, register I32 len)
1752 register const U8 *a = (const U8 *)s1;
1753 register const U8 *b = (const U8 *)s2;
1757 if ((tmp = *a++ - *b++))
1762 #endif /* !HAS_MEMCMP || !HAS_SANE_MEMCMP */
1766 #ifdef USE_CHAR_VSPRINTF
1771 vsprintf(char *dest, const char *pat, char *args)
1775 fakebuf._ptr = dest;
1776 fakebuf._cnt = 32767;
1780 fakebuf._flag = _IOWRT|_IOSTRG;
1781 _doprnt(pat, args, &fakebuf); /* what a kludge */
1782 (void)putc('\0', &fakebuf);
1783 #ifdef USE_CHAR_VSPRINTF
1786 return 0; /* perl doesn't use return value */
1790 #endif /* HAS_VPRINTF */
1793 #if BYTEORDER != 0x4321
1795 Perl_my_swap(pTHX_ short s)
1797 #if (BYTEORDER & 1) == 0
1800 result = ((s & 255) << 8) + ((s >> 8) & 255);
1808 Perl_my_htonl(pTHX_ long l)
1812 char c[sizeof(long)];
1815 #if BYTEORDER == 0x1234
1816 u.c[0] = (l >> 24) & 255;
1817 u.c[1] = (l >> 16) & 255;
1818 u.c[2] = (l >> 8) & 255;
1822 #if ((BYTEORDER - 0x1111) & 0x444) || !(BYTEORDER & 0xf)
1823 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown BYTEORDER\n");
1828 for (o = BYTEORDER - 0x1111, s = 0; s < (sizeof(long)*8); o >>= 4, s += 8) {
1829 u.c[o & 0xf] = (l >> s) & 255;
1837 Perl_my_ntohl(pTHX_ long l)
1841 char c[sizeof(long)];
1844 #if BYTEORDER == 0x1234
1845 u.c[0] = (l >> 24) & 255;
1846 u.c[1] = (l >> 16) & 255;
1847 u.c[2] = (l >> 8) & 255;
1851 #if ((BYTEORDER - 0x1111) & 0x444) || !(BYTEORDER & 0xf)
1852 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown BYTEORDER\n");
1859 for (o = BYTEORDER - 0x1111, s = 0; s < (sizeof(long)*8); o >>= 4, s += 8) {
1860 l |= (u.c[o & 0xf] & 255) << s;
1867 #endif /* BYTEORDER != 0x4321 */
1871 * Little-endian byte order functions - 'v' for 'VAX', or 'reVerse'.
1872 * If these functions are defined,
1873 * the BYTEORDER is neither 0x1234 nor 0x4321.
1874 * However, this is not assumed.
1878 #define HTOLE(name,type) \
1880 name (register type n) \
1884 char c[sizeof(type)]; \
1887 register I32 s = 0; \
1888 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(u.c); i++, s += 8) { \
1889 u.c[i] = (n >> s) & 0xFF; \
1894 #define LETOH(name,type) \
1896 name (register type n) \
1900 char c[sizeof(type)]; \
1903 register I32 s = 0; \
1906 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(u.c); i++, s += 8) { \
1907 n |= ((type)(u.c[i] & 0xFF)) << s; \
1913 * Big-endian byte order functions.
1916 #define HTOBE(name,type) \
1918 name (register type n) \
1922 char c[sizeof(type)]; \
1925 register I32 s = 8*(sizeof(u.c)-1); \
1926 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(u.c); i++, s -= 8) { \
1927 u.c[i] = (n >> s) & 0xFF; \
1932 #define BETOH(name,type) \
1934 name (register type n) \
1938 char c[sizeof(type)]; \
1941 register I32 s = 8*(sizeof(u.c)-1); \
1944 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(u.c); i++, s -= 8) { \
1945 n |= ((type)(u.c[i] & 0xFF)) << s; \
1951 * If we just can't do it...
1954 #define NOT_AVAIL(name,type) \
1956 name (register type n) \
1958 Perl_croak_nocontext(#name "() not available"); \
1959 return n; /* not reached */ \
1963 #if defined(HAS_HTOVS) && !defined(htovs)
1966 #if defined(HAS_HTOVL) && !defined(htovl)
1969 #if defined(HAS_VTOHS) && !defined(vtohs)
1972 #if defined(HAS_VTOHL) && !defined(vtohl)
1976 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_HTOLE16
1978 HTOLE(Perl_my_htole16,U16)
1980 NOT_AVAIL(Perl_my_htole16,U16)
1983 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_LETOH16
1985 LETOH(Perl_my_letoh16,U16)
1987 NOT_AVAIL(Perl_my_letoh16,U16)
1990 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_HTOBE16
1992 HTOBE(Perl_my_htobe16,U16)
1994 NOT_AVAIL(Perl_my_htobe16,U16)
1997 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_BETOH16
1999 BETOH(Perl_my_betoh16,U16)
2001 NOT_AVAIL(Perl_my_betoh16,U16)
2005 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_HTOLE32
2007 HTOLE(Perl_my_htole32,U32)
2009 NOT_AVAIL(Perl_my_htole32,U32)
2012 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_LETOH32
2014 LETOH(Perl_my_letoh32,U32)
2016 NOT_AVAIL(Perl_my_letoh32,U32)
2019 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_HTOBE32
2021 HTOBE(Perl_my_htobe32,U32)
2023 NOT_AVAIL(Perl_my_htobe32,U32)
2026 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_BETOH32
2028 BETOH(Perl_my_betoh32,U32)
2030 NOT_AVAIL(Perl_my_betoh32,U32)
2034 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_HTOLE64
2036 HTOLE(Perl_my_htole64,U64)
2038 NOT_AVAIL(Perl_my_htole64,U64)
2041 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_LETOH64
2043 LETOH(Perl_my_letoh64,U64)
2045 NOT_AVAIL(Perl_my_letoh64,U64)
2048 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_HTOBE64
2050 HTOBE(Perl_my_htobe64,U64)
2052 NOT_AVAIL(Perl_my_htobe64,U64)
2055 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_BETOH64
2057 BETOH(Perl_my_betoh64,U64)
2059 NOT_AVAIL(Perl_my_betoh64,U64)
2063 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_HTOLES
2064 HTOLE(Perl_my_htoles,short)
2066 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_LETOHS
2067 LETOH(Perl_my_letohs,short)
2069 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_HTOBES
2070 HTOBE(Perl_my_htobes,short)
2072 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_BETOHS
2073 BETOH(Perl_my_betohs,short)
2076 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_HTOLEI
2077 HTOLE(Perl_my_htolei,int)
2079 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_LETOHI
2080 LETOH(Perl_my_letohi,int)
2082 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_HTOBEI
2083 HTOBE(Perl_my_htobei,int)
2085 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_BETOHI
2086 BETOH(Perl_my_betohi,int)
2089 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_HTOLEL
2090 HTOLE(Perl_my_htolel,long)
2092 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_LETOHL
2093 LETOH(Perl_my_letohl,long)
2095 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_HTOBEL
2096 HTOBE(Perl_my_htobel,long)
2098 #ifdef PERL_NEED_MY_BETOHL
2099 BETOH(Perl_my_betohl,long)
2103 Perl_my_swabn(void *ptr, int n)
2105 register char *s = (char *)ptr;
2106 register char *e = s + (n-1);
2109 for (n /= 2; n > 0; s++, e--, n--) {
2117 Perl_my_popen_list(pTHX_ char *mode, int n, SV **args)
2119 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK) || defined(AMIGAOS)) && !defined(OS2) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(__OPEN_VM) && !defined(EPOC) && !defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL) && !defined(NETWARE)
2122 register I32 This, that;
2128 PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2129 This = (*mode == 'w');
2133 taint_proper("Insecure %s%s", "EXEC");
2135 if (PerlProc_pipe(p) < 0)
2137 /* Try for another pipe pair for error return */
2138 if (PerlProc_pipe(pp) >= 0)
2140 while ((pid = PerlProc_fork()) < 0) {
2141 if (errno != EAGAIN) {
2142 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2143 PerlLIO_close(p[that]);
2145 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2146 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2158 /* Close parent's end of error status pipe (if any) */
2160 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2161 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
2162 /* Close error pipe automatically if exec works */
2163 fcntl(pp[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
2166 /* Now dup our end of _the_ pipe to right position */
2167 if (p[THIS] != (*mode == 'r')) {
2168 PerlLIO_dup2(p[THIS], *mode == 'r');
2169 PerlLIO_close(p[THIS]);
2170 if (p[THAT] != (*mode == 'r')) /* if dup2() didn't close it */
2171 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]); /* close parent's end of _the_ pipe */
2174 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]); /* close parent's end of _the_ pipe */
2175 #if !defined(HAS_FCNTL) || !defined(F_SETFD)
2176 /* No automatic close - do it by hand */
2183 for (fd = PL_maxsysfd + 1; fd < NOFILE; fd++) {
2189 do_aexec5(NULL, args-1, args-1+n, pp[1], did_pipes);
2195 do_execfree(); /* free any memory malloced by child on fork */
2197 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2198 /* Keep the lower of the two fd numbers */
2199 if (p[that] < p[This]) {
2200 PerlLIO_dup2(p[This], p[that]);
2201 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2205 PerlLIO_close(p[that]); /* close child's end of pipe */
2208 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,p[This],TRUE);
2210 SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
2212 PL_forkprocess = pid;
2213 /* If we managed to get status pipe check for exec fail */
2214 if (did_pipes && pid > 0) {
2218 while (n < sizeof(int)) {
2219 n1 = PerlLIO_read(pp[0],
2220 (void*)(((char*)&errkid)+n),
2226 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2228 if (n) { /* Error */
2230 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2231 if (n != sizeof(int))
2232 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: kid popen errno read");
2234 pid2 = wait4pid(pid, &status, 0);
2235 } while (pid2 == -1 && errno == EINTR);
2236 errno = errkid; /* Propagate errno from kid */
2241 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2242 return PerlIO_fdopen(p[This], mode);
2244 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "List form of piped open not implemented");
2245 return (PerlIO *) NULL;
2249 /* VMS' my_popen() is in VMS.c, same with OS/2. */
2250 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK) || defined(AMIGAOS)) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(__OPEN_VM) && !defined(EPOC) && !defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL)
2252 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ const char *cmd, const char *mode)
2256 register I32 This, that;
2259 const I32 doexec = !(*cmd == '-' && cmd[1] == '\0');
2263 PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2266 return my_syspopen(aTHX_ cmd,mode);
2269 This = (*mode == 'w');
2271 if (doexec && PL_tainting) {
2273 taint_proper("Insecure %s%s", "EXEC");
2275 if (PerlProc_pipe(p) < 0)
2277 if (doexec && PerlProc_pipe(pp) >= 0)
2279 while ((pid = PerlProc_fork()) < 0) {
2280 if (errno != EAGAIN) {
2281 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2282 PerlLIO_close(p[that]);
2284 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2285 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2288 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't fork");
2301 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2302 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
2303 fcntl(pp[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
2306 if (p[THIS] != (*mode == 'r')) {
2307 PerlLIO_dup2(p[THIS], *mode == 'r');
2308 PerlLIO_close(p[THIS]);
2309 if (p[THAT] != (*mode == 'r')) /* if dup2() didn't close it */
2310 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]);
2313 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]);
2316 #if !defined(HAS_FCNTL) || !defined(F_SETFD)
2323 for (fd = PL_maxsysfd + 1; fd < NOFILE; fd++)
2328 /* may or may not use the shell */
2329 do_exec3(cmd, pp[1], did_pipes);
2332 #endif /* defined OS2 */
2333 if ((tmpgv = gv_fetchpvs("$", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV))) {
2334 SvREADONLY_off(GvSV(tmpgv));
2335 sv_setiv(GvSV(tmpgv), PerlProc_getpid());
2336 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(tmpgv));
2338 #ifdef THREADS_HAVE_PIDS
2339 PL_ppid = (IV)getppid();
2342 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
2343 hv_clear(PL_pidstatus); /* we have no children */
2349 do_execfree(); /* free any memory malloced by child on vfork */
2351 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2352 if (p[that] < p[This]) {
2353 PerlLIO_dup2(p[This], p[that]);
2354 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2358 PerlLIO_close(p[that]);
2361 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,p[This],TRUE);
2363 SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
2365 PL_forkprocess = pid;
2366 if (did_pipes && pid > 0) {
2370 while (n < sizeof(int)) {
2371 n1 = PerlLIO_read(pp[0],
2372 (void*)(((char*)&errkid)+n),
2378 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2380 if (n) { /* Error */
2382 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2383 if (n != sizeof(int))
2384 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: kid popen errno read");
2386 pid2 = wait4pid(pid, &status, 0);
2387 } while (pid2 == -1 && errno == EINTR);
2388 errno = errkid; /* Propagate errno from kid */
2393 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2394 return PerlIO_fdopen(p[This], mode);
2397 #if defined(atarist) || defined(EPOC)
2400 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ char *cmd, char *mode)
2402 PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2403 /* Call system's popen() to get a FILE *, then import it.
2404 used 0 for 2nd parameter to PerlIO_importFILE;
2407 return PerlIO_importFILE(popen(cmd, mode), 0);
2411 FILE *djgpp_popen();
2413 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ char *cmd, char *mode)
2415 PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2416 /* Call system's popen() to get a FILE *, then import it.
2417 used 0 for 2nd parameter to PerlIO_importFILE;
2420 return PerlIO_importFILE(djgpp_popen(cmd, mode), 0);
2425 #endif /* !DOSISH */
2427 /* this is called in parent before the fork() */
2429 Perl_atfork_lock(void)
2432 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2433 /* locks must be held in locking order (if any) */
2435 MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex);
2441 /* this is called in both parent and child after the fork() */
2443 Perl_atfork_unlock(void)
2446 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2447 /* locks must be released in same order as in atfork_lock() */
2449 MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex);
2458 #if defined(HAS_FORK)
2460 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(HAS_PTHREAD_ATFORK)
2465 /* atfork_lock() and atfork_unlock() are installed as pthread_atfork()
2466 * handlers elsewhere in the code */
2471 /* this "canna happen" since nothing should be calling here if !HAS_FORK */
2472 Perl_croak_nocontext("fork() not available");
2474 #endif /* HAS_FORK */
2479 Perl_dump_fds(pTHX_ char *s)
2484 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"%s", s);
2485 for (fd = 0; fd < 32; fd++) {
2486 if (PerlLIO_fstat(fd,&tmpstatbuf) >= 0)
2487 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log," %d",fd);
2489 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"\n");
2492 #endif /* DUMP_FDS */
2496 dup2(int oldfd, int newfd)
2498 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_DUPFD)
2501 PerlLIO_close(newfd);
2502 return fcntl(oldfd, F_DUPFD, newfd);
2504 #define DUP2_MAX_FDS 256
2505 int fdtmp[DUP2_MAX_FDS];
2511 PerlLIO_close(newfd);
2512 /* good enough for low fd's... */
2513 while ((fd = PerlLIO_dup(oldfd)) != newfd && fd >= 0) {
2514 if (fdx >= DUP2_MAX_FDS) {
2522 PerlLIO_close(fdtmp[--fdx]);
2529 #ifdef HAS_SIGACTION
2531 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
2532 /* We don't want restart behavior on MacOS */
2537 Perl_rsignal(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler)
2540 struct sigaction act, oact;
2543 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2544 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2545 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2548 act.sa_handler = (void(*)(int))handler;
2549 sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
2552 if (PL_signals & PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG)
2553 act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART; /* SVR4, 4.3+BSD */
2555 #if defined(SA_NOCLDWAIT) && !defined(BSDish) /* See [perl #18849] */
2556 if (signo == SIGCHLD && handler == (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN)
2557 act.sa_flags |= SA_NOCLDWAIT;
2559 if (sigaction(signo, &act, &oact) == -1)
2560 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2562 return (Sighandler_t) oact.sa_handler;
2566 Perl_rsignal_state(pTHX_ int signo)
2568 struct sigaction oact;
2569 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2571 if (sigaction(signo, (struct sigaction *)NULL, &oact) == -1)
2572 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2574 return (Sighandler_t) oact.sa_handler;
2578 Perl_rsignal_save(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler, Sigsave_t *save)
2581 struct sigaction act;
2584 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2585 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2589 act.sa_handler = (void(*)(int))handler;
2590 sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
2593 if (PL_signals & PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG)
2594 act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART; /* SVR4, 4.3+BSD */
2596 #if defined(SA_NOCLDWAIT) && !defined(BSDish) /* See [perl #18849] */
2597 if (signo == SIGCHLD && handler == (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN)
2598 act.sa_flags |= SA_NOCLDWAIT;
2600 return sigaction(signo, &act, save);
2604 Perl_rsignal_restore(pTHX_ int signo, Sigsave_t *save)
2608 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2609 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2613 return sigaction(signo, save, (struct sigaction *)NULL);
2616 #else /* !HAS_SIGACTION */
2619 Perl_rsignal(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler)
2621 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
2622 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2623 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2624 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2627 return PerlProc_signal(signo, handler);
2638 Perl_rsignal_state(pTHX_ int signo)
2641 Sighandler_t oldsig;
2643 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
2644 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2645 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2646 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2650 oldsig = PerlProc_signal(signo, sig_trap);
2651 PerlProc_signal(signo, oldsig);
2653 PerlProc_kill(PerlProc_getpid(), signo);
2658 Perl_rsignal_save(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler, Sigsave_t *save)
2660 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
2661 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2662 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2665 *save = PerlProc_signal(signo, handler);
2666 return (*save == (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR) ? -1 : 0;
2670 Perl_rsignal_restore(pTHX_ int signo, Sigsave_t *save)
2672 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
2673 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2674 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2677 return (PerlProc_signal(signo, *save) == (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR) ? -1 : 0;
2680 #endif /* !HAS_SIGACTION */
2681 #endif /* !PERL_MICRO */
2683 /* VMS' my_pclose() is in VMS.c; same with OS/2 */
2684 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK) || defined(AMIGAOS)) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(__OPEN_VM) && !defined(EPOC) && !defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL)
2686 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
2689 Sigsave_t hstat, istat, qstat;
2695 int saved_errno = 0;
2697 int saved_win32_errno;
2701 svp = av_fetch(PL_fdpid,PerlIO_fileno(ptr),TRUE);
2703 pid = (SvTYPE(*svp) == SVt_IV) ? SvIVX(*svp) : -1;
2705 *svp = &PL_sv_undef;
2707 if (pid == -1) { /* Opened by popen. */
2708 return my_syspclose(ptr);
2711 if ((close_failed = (PerlIO_close(ptr) == EOF))) {
2712 saved_errno = errno;
2714 saved_win32_errno = GetLastError();
2718 if(PerlProc_kill(pid, 0) < 0) { return(pid); } /* HOM 12/23/91 */
2721 rsignal_save(SIGHUP, (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN, &hstat);
2722 rsignal_save(SIGINT, (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN, &istat);
2723 rsignal_save(SIGQUIT, (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN, &qstat);
2726 pid2 = wait4pid(pid, &status, 0);
2727 } while (pid2 == -1 && errno == EINTR);
2729 rsignal_restore(SIGHUP, &hstat);
2730 rsignal_restore(SIGINT, &istat);
2731 rsignal_restore(SIGQUIT, &qstat);
2734 SETERRNO(saved_errno, 0);
2737 return(pid2 < 0 ? pid2 : status == 0 ? 0 : (errno = 0, status));
2739 #endif /* !DOSISH */
2741 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(OS2) || defined(WIN32) || defined(NETWARE)) && !defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL)
2743 Perl_wait4pid(pTHX_ Pid_t pid, int *statusp, int flags)
2749 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
2752 /* The keys in PL_pidstatus are now the raw 4 (or 8) bytes of the
2753 pid, rather than a string form. */
2754 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetch(PL_pidstatus,(const char*) &pid,sizeof(Pid_t),FALSE);
2755 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef) {
2756 *statusp = SvIVX(*svp);
2757 (void)hv_delete(PL_pidstatus,(const char*) &pid,sizeof(Pid_t),
2765 hv_iterinit(PL_pidstatus);
2766 if ((entry = hv_iternext(PL_pidstatus))) {
2767 SV * const sv = hv_iterval(PL_pidstatus,entry);
2769 const char * const spid = hv_iterkey(entry,&len);
2771 assert (len == sizeof(Pid_t));
2772 memcpy((char *)&pid, spid, len);
2773 *statusp = SvIVX(sv);
2774 /* The hash iterator is currently on this entry, so simply
2775 calling hv_delete would trigger the lazy delete, which on
2776 aggregate does more work, beacuse next call to hv_iterinit()
2777 would spot the flag, and have to call the delete routine,
2778 while in the meantime any new entries can't re-use that
2780 hv_iterinit(PL_pidstatus);
2781 (void)hv_delete(PL_pidstatus,spid,len,G_DISCARD);
2788 # ifdef HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME
2789 if (!HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME)
2792 result = PerlProc_waitpid(pid,statusp,flags);
2795 #if !defined(HAS_WAITPID) && defined(HAS_WAIT4)
2796 result = wait4((pid==-1)?0:pid,statusp,flags,NULL);
2799 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
2800 #if defined(HAS_WAITPID) && defined(HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME)
2805 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't do waitpid with flags");
2807 while ((result = PerlProc_wait(statusp)) != pid && pid > 0 && result >= 0)
2808 pidgone(result,*statusp);
2814 #if defined(HAS_WAITPID) || defined(HAS_WAIT4)
2817 if (result < 0 && errno == EINTR) {
2822 #endif /* !DOSISH || OS2 || WIN32 || NETWARE */
2824 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
2826 Perl_pidgone(pTHX_ Pid_t pid, int status)
2830 sv = *hv_fetch(PL_pidstatus,(const char*)&pid,sizeof(Pid_t),TRUE);
2831 SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
2832 SvIV_set(sv, status);
2837 #if defined(atarist) || defined(OS2) || defined(EPOC)
2840 int /* Cannot prototype with I32
2842 my_syspclose(PerlIO *ptr)
2845 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
2848 /* Needs work for PerlIO ! */
2849 FILE * const f = PerlIO_findFILE(ptr);
2850 const I32 result = pclose(f);
2851 PerlIO_releaseFILE(ptr,f);
2859 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
2861 /* Needs work for PerlIO ! */
2862 FILE * const f = PerlIO_findFILE(ptr);
2863 I32 result = djgpp_pclose(f);
2864 result = (result << 8) & 0xff00;
2865 PerlIO_releaseFILE(ptr,f);
2871 Perl_repeatcpy(pTHX_ register char *to, register const char *from, I32 len, register I32 count)
2874 register const char * const frombase = from;
2875 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2878 register const char c = *from;
2883 while (count-- > 0) {
2884 for (todo = len; todo > 0; todo--) {
2893 Perl_same_dirent(pTHX_ const char *a, const char *b)
2895 char *fa = strrchr(a,'/');
2896 char *fb = strrchr(b,'/');
2899 SV * const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
2912 sv_setpvn(tmpsv, ".", 1);
2914 sv_setpvn(tmpsv, a, fa - a);
2915 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX_const(tmpsv), &tmpstatbuf1) < 0)
2918 sv_setpvn(tmpsv, ".", 1);
2920 sv_setpvn(tmpsv, b, fb - b);
2921 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX_const(tmpsv), &tmpstatbuf2) < 0)
2923 return tmpstatbuf1.st_dev == tmpstatbuf2.st_dev &&
2924 tmpstatbuf1.st_ino == tmpstatbuf2.st_ino;
2926 #endif /* !HAS_RENAME */
2929 Perl_find_script(pTHX_ const char *scriptname, bool dosearch,
2930 const char *const *const search_ext, I32 flags)
2933 const char *xfound = NULL;
2934 char *xfailed = NULL;
2935 char tmpbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
2939 #if defined(DOSISH) && !defined(OS2) && !defined(atarist)
2940 # define SEARCH_EXTS ".bat", ".cmd", NULL
2941 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
2944 # define SEARCH_EXTS ".cmd", ".btm", ".bat", ".pl", NULL
2945 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
2948 # define SEARCH_EXTS ".pl", ".com", NULL
2949 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
2951 /* additional extensions to try in each dir if scriptname not found */
2953 static const char *const exts[] = { SEARCH_EXTS };
2954 const char *const *const ext = search_ext ? search_ext : exts;
2955 int extidx = 0, i = 0;
2956 const char *curext = NULL;
2958 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(search_ext);
2959 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 0
2963 * If dosearch is true and if scriptname does not contain path
2964 * delimiters, search the PATH for scriptname.
2966 * If SEARCH_EXTS is also defined, will look for each
2967 * scriptname{SEARCH_EXTS} whenever scriptname is not found
2968 * while searching the PATH.
2970 * Assuming SEARCH_EXTS is C<".foo",".bar",NULL>, PATH search
2971 * proceeds as follows:
2972 * If DOSISH or VMSISH:
2973 * + look for ./scriptname{,.foo,.bar}
2974 * + search the PATH for scriptname{,.foo,.bar}
2977 * + look *only* in the PATH for scriptname{,.foo,.bar} (note
2978 * this will not look in '.' if it's not in the PATH)
2983 # ifdef ALWAYS_DEFTYPES
2984 len = strlen(scriptname);
2985 if (!(len == 1 && *scriptname == '-') && scriptname[len-1] != ':') {
2986 int idx = 0, deftypes = 1;
2989 const int hasdir = !dosearch || (strpbrk(scriptname,":[</") != NULL);
2992 int idx = 0, deftypes = 1;
2995 const int hasdir = (strpbrk(scriptname,":[</") != NULL);
2997 /* The first time through, just add SEARCH_EXTS to whatever we
2998 * already have, so we can check for default file types. */
3000 (!hasdir && my_trnlnm("DCL$PATH",tmpbuf,idx++)) )
3006 if ((strlen(tmpbuf) + strlen(scriptname)
3007 + MAX_EXT_LEN) >= sizeof tmpbuf)
3008 continue; /* don't search dir with too-long name */
3009 strcat(tmpbuf, scriptname);
3013 if (strEQ(scriptname, "-"))
3015 if (dosearch) { /* Look in '.' first. */
3016 const char *cur = scriptname;
3018 if ((curext = strrchr(scriptname,'.'))) /* possible current ext */
3020 if (strEQ(ext[i++],curext)) {
3021 extidx = -1; /* already has an ext */
3026 DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3027 "Looking for %s\n",cur));
3028 if (PerlLIO_stat(cur,&PL_statbuf) >= 0
3029 && !S_ISDIR(PL_statbuf.st_mode)) {
3037 if (cur == scriptname) {
3038 len = strlen(scriptname);
3039 if (len+MAX_EXT_LEN+1 >= sizeof(tmpbuf))
3041 /* FIXME? Convert to memcpy */
3042 cur = strcpy(tmpbuf, scriptname);
3044 } while (extidx >= 0 && ext[extidx] /* try an extension? */
3045 && strcpy(tmpbuf+len, ext[extidx++]));
3050 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
3051 if (dosearch && !strchr(scriptname, ':') &&
3052 (s = PerlEnv_getenv("Commands")))
3054 if (dosearch && !strchr(scriptname, '/')
3056 && !strchr(scriptname, '\\')
3058 && (s = PerlEnv_getenv("PATH")))
3063 PL_bufend = s + strlen(s);
3064 while (s < PL_bufend) {
3065 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
3066 s = delimcpy(tmpbuf, tmpbuf + sizeof tmpbuf, s, PL_bufend,
3070 #if defined(atarist) || defined(DOSISH)
3075 && *s != ';'; len++, s++) {
3076 if (len < sizeof tmpbuf)
3079 if (len < sizeof tmpbuf)
3081 #else /* ! (atarist || DOSISH) */
3082 s = delimcpy(tmpbuf, tmpbuf + sizeof tmpbuf, s, PL_bufend,
3085 #endif /* ! (atarist || DOSISH) */
3086 #endif /* MACOS_TRADITIONAL */
3089 if (len + 1 + strlen(scriptname) + MAX_EXT_LEN >= sizeof tmpbuf)
3090 continue; /* don't search dir with too-long name */
3091 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
3092 if (len && tmpbuf[len - 1] != ':')
3093 tmpbuf[len++] = ':';
3096 # if defined(atarist) || defined(__MINT__) || defined(DOSISH)
3097 && tmpbuf[len - 1] != '/'
3098 && tmpbuf[len - 1] != '\\'
3101 tmpbuf[len++] = '/';
3102 if (len == 2 && tmpbuf[0] == '.')
3105 /* FIXME? Convert to memcpy by storing previous strlen(scriptname)
3107 (void)strcpy(tmpbuf + len, scriptname);
3111 len = strlen(tmpbuf);
3112 if (extidx > 0) /* reset after previous loop */
3116 DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Looking for %s\n",tmpbuf));
3117 retval = PerlLIO_stat(tmpbuf,&PL_statbuf);
3118 if (S_ISDIR(PL_statbuf.st_mode)) {
3122 } while ( retval < 0 /* not there */
3123 && extidx>=0 && ext[extidx] /* try an extension? */
3124 && strcpy(tmpbuf+len, ext[extidx++])
3129 if (S_ISREG(PL_statbuf.st_mode)
3130 && cando(S_IRUSR,TRUE,&PL_statbuf)
3131 #if !defined(DOSISH) && !defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL)
3132 && cando(S_IXUSR,TRUE,&PL_statbuf)
3136 xfound = tmpbuf; /* bingo! */
3140 xfailed = savepv(tmpbuf);
3143 if (!xfound && !seen_dot && !xfailed &&
3144 (PerlLIO_stat(scriptname,&PL_statbuf) < 0
3145 || S_ISDIR(PL_statbuf.st_mode)))
3147 seen_dot = 1; /* Disable message. */
3149 if (flags & 1) { /* do or die? */
3150 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't %s %s%s%s",
3151 (xfailed ? "execute" : "find"),
3152 (xfailed ? xfailed : scriptname),
3153 (xfailed ? "" : " on PATH"),
3154 (xfailed || seen_dot) ? "" : ", '.' not in PATH");
3159 scriptname = xfound;
3161 return (scriptname ? savepv(scriptname) : NULL);
3164 #ifndef PERL_GET_CONTEXT_DEFINED
3167 Perl_get_context(void)
3170 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
3171 # ifdef OLD_PTHREADS_API
3173 if (pthread_getspecific(PL_thr_key, &t))
3174 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: pthread_getspecific");
3177 # ifdef I_MACH_CTHREADS
3178 return (void*)cthread_data(cthread_self());
3180 return (void*)PTHREAD_GETSPECIFIC(PL_thr_key);
3189 Perl_set_context(void *t)
3192 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
3193 # ifdef I_MACH_CTHREADS
3194 cthread_set_data(cthread_self(), t);
3196 if (pthread_setspecific(PL_thr_key, t))
3197 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: pthread_setspecific");
3204 #endif /* !PERL_GET_CONTEXT_DEFINED */
3206 #if defined(PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT) && !defined(PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE)
3215 Perl_get_op_names(pTHX)
3217 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3218 return (char **)PL_op_name;
3222 Perl_get_op_descs(pTHX)
3224 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3225 return (char **)PL_op_desc;
3229 Perl_get_no_modify(pTHX)
3231 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3232 return PL_no_modify;
3236 Perl_get_opargs(pTHX)
3238 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3239 return (U32 *)PL_opargs;
3243 Perl_get_ppaddr(pTHX)
3246 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3247 return (PPADDR_t*)PL_ppaddr;
3250 #ifndef HAS_GETENV_LEN
3252 Perl_getenv_len(pTHX_ const char *env_elem, unsigned long *len)
3254 char * const env_trans = PerlEnv_getenv(env_elem);
3255 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3257 *len = strlen(env_trans);
3264 Perl_get_vtbl(pTHX_ int vtbl_id)
3266 const MGVTBL* result;
3267 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3271 result = &PL_vtbl_sv;
3274 result = &PL_vtbl_env;
3276 case want_vtbl_envelem:
3277 result = &PL_vtbl_envelem;
3280 result = &PL_vtbl_sig;
3282 case want_vtbl_sigelem:
3283 result = &PL_vtbl_sigelem;
3285 case want_vtbl_pack:
3286 result = &PL_vtbl_pack;
3288 case want_vtbl_packelem:
3289 result = &PL_vtbl_packelem;
3291 case want_vtbl_dbline:
3292 result = &PL_vtbl_dbline;
3295 result = &PL_vtbl_isa;
3297 case want_vtbl_isaelem:
3298 result = &PL_vtbl_isaelem;
3300 case want_vtbl_arylen:
3301 result = &PL_vtbl_arylen;
3303 case want_vtbl_mglob:
3304 result = &PL_vtbl_mglob;
3306 case want_vtbl_nkeys:
3307 result = &PL_vtbl_nkeys;
3309 case want_vtbl_taint:
3310 result = &PL_vtbl_taint;
3312 case want_vtbl_substr:
3313 result = &PL_vtbl_substr;
3316 result = &PL_vtbl_vec;
3319 result = &PL_vtbl_pos;
3322 result = &PL_vtbl_bm;
3325 result = &PL_vtbl_fm;
3327 case want_vtbl_uvar:
3328 result = &PL_vtbl_uvar;
3330 case want_vtbl_defelem:
3331 result = &PL_vtbl_defelem;
3333 case want_vtbl_regexp:
3334 result = &PL_vtbl_regexp;
3336 case want_vtbl_regdata:
3337 result = &PL_vtbl_regdata;
3339 case want_vtbl_regdatum:
3340 result = &PL_vtbl_regdatum;
3342 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3343 case want_vtbl_collxfrm:
3344 result = &PL_vtbl_collxfrm;
3347 case want_vtbl_amagic:
3348 result = &PL_vtbl_amagic;
3350 case want_vtbl_amagicelem:
3351 result = &PL_vtbl_amagicelem;
3353 case want_vtbl_backref:
3354 result = &PL_vtbl_backref;
3356 case want_vtbl_utf8:
3357 result = &PL_vtbl_utf8;
3363 return (MGVTBL*)result;
3367 Perl_my_fflush_all(pTHX)
3369 #if defined(USE_PERLIO) || defined(FFLUSH_NULL) || defined(USE_SFIO)
3370 return PerlIO_flush(NULL);
3372 # if defined(HAS__FWALK)
3373 extern int fflush(FILE *);
3374 /* undocumented, unprototyped, but very useful BSDism */
3375 extern void _fwalk(int (*)(FILE *));
3379 # if defined(FFLUSH_ALL) && defined(HAS_STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY)
3381 # ifdef PERL_FFLUSH_ALL_FOPEN_MAX
3382 open_max = PERL_FFLUSH_ALL_FOPEN_MAX;
3384 # if defined(HAS_SYSCONF) && defined(_SC_OPEN_MAX)
3385 open_max = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
3388 open_max = FOPEN_MAX;
3391 open_max = OPEN_MAX;
3402 for (i = 0; i < open_max; i++)
3403 if (STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._file >= 0 &&
3404 STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._file < open_max &&
3405 STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._flag)
3406 PerlIO_flush(&STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]);
3410 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
3417 Perl_report_evil_fh(pTHX_ const GV *gv, const IO *io, I32 op)
3419 const char * const func =
3420 op == OP_READLINE ? "readline" : /* "<HANDLE>" not nice */
3421 op == OP_LEAVEWRITE ? "write" : /* "write exit" not nice */
3422 op < 0 ? "" : /* handle phoney cases */
3424 const char * const pars = OP_IS_FILETEST(op) ? "" : "()";
3425 const char * const type = OP_IS_SOCKET(op)
3426 || (gv && io && IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_SOCKET)
3427 ? "socket" : "filehandle";
3428 const char * const name = gv && isGV(gv) ? GvENAME(gv) : NULL;
3430 if (op == OP_phoney_OUTPUT_ONLY || op == OP_phoney_INPUT_ONLY) {
3431 if (ckWARN(WARN_IO)) {
3432 const char * const direction = (op == OP_phoney_INPUT_ONLY) ? "in" : "out";
3434 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
3435 "Filehandle %s opened only for %sput",
3438 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
3439 "Filehandle opened only for %sput", direction);
3446 if (gv && io && IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_CLOSED) {
3448 warn_type = WARN_CLOSED;
3452 warn_type = WARN_UNOPENED;
3455 if (ckWARN(warn_type)) {
3456 if (name && *name) {
3457 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(warn_type),
3458 "%s%s on %s %s %s", func, pars, vile, type, name);
3459 if (io && IoDIRP(io) && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
3461 aTHX_ packWARN(warn_type),
3462 "\t(Are you trying to call %s%s on dirhandle %s?)\n",
3467 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(warn_type),
3468 "%s%s on %s %s", func, pars, vile, type);
3469 if (gv && io && IoDIRP(io) && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
3471 aTHX_ packWARN(warn_type),
3472 "\t(Are you trying to call %s%s on dirhandle?)\n",
3481 /* in ASCII order, not that it matters */
3482 static const char controllablechars[] = "?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_";
3485 Perl_ebcdic_control(pTHX_ int ch)
3493 if ((ctlp = strchr(controllablechars, ch)) == 0) {
3494 Perl_die(aTHX_ "unrecognised control character '%c'\n", ch);
3497 if (ctlp == controllablechars)
3498 return('\177'); /* DEL */
3500 return((unsigned char)(ctlp - controllablechars - 1));
3501 } else { /* Want uncontrol */
3502 if (ch == '\177' || ch == -1)
3504 else if (ch == '\157')
3506 else if (ch == '\174')
3508 else if (ch == '^') /* '\137' in 1047, '\260' in 819 */
3510 else if (ch == '\155')
3512 else if (0 < ch && ch < (sizeof(controllablechars) - 1))
3513 return(controllablechars[ch+1]);
3515 Perl_die(aTHX_ "invalid control request: '\\%03o'\n", ch & 0xFF);
3520 /* To workaround core dumps from the uninitialised tm_zone we get the
3521 * system to give us a reasonable struct to copy. This fix means that
3522 * strftime uses the tm_zone and tm_gmtoff values returned by
3523 * localtime(time()). That should give the desired result most of the
3524 * time. But probably not always!
3526 * This does not address tzname aspects of NETaa14816.
3531 # ifndef STRUCT_TM_HASZONE
3532 # define STRUCT_TM_HASZONE
3536 #ifdef STRUCT_TM_HASZONE /* Backward compat */
3537 # ifndef HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3538 # define HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3543 Perl_init_tm(pTHX_ struct tm *ptm) /* see mktime, strftime and asctime */
3545 #ifdef HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3547 const struct tm* my_tm;
3549 my_tm = localtime(&now);
3551 Copy(my_tm, ptm, 1, struct tm);
3553 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(ptm);
3558 * mini_mktime - normalise struct tm values without the localtime()
3559 * semantics (and overhead) of mktime().
3562 Perl_mini_mktime(pTHX_ struct tm *ptm)
3566 int month, mday, year, jday;
3567 int odd_cent, odd_year;
3568 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3570 #define DAYS_PER_YEAR 365
3571 #define DAYS_PER_QYEAR (4*DAYS_PER_YEAR+1)
3572 #define DAYS_PER_CENT (25*DAYS_PER_QYEAR-1)
3573 #define DAYS_PER_QCENT (4*DAYS_PER_CENT+1)
3574 #define SECS_PER_HOUR (60*60)
3575 #define SECS_PER_DAY (24*SECS_PER_HOUR)
3576 /* parentheses deliberately absent on these two, otherwise they don't work */
3577 #define MONTH_TO_DAYS 153/5
3578 #define DAYS_TO_MONTH 5/153
3579 /* offset to bias by March (month 4) 1st between month/mday & year finding */
3580 #define YEAR_ADJUST (4*MONTH_TO_DAYS+1)
3581 /* as used here, the algorithm leaves Sunday as day 1 unless we adjust it */
3582 #define WEEKDAY_BIAS 6 /* (1+6)%7 makes Sunday 0 again */
3585 * Year/day algorithm notes:
3587 * With a suitable offset for numeric value of the month, one can find
3588 * an offset into the year by considering months to have 30.6 (153/5) days,
3589 * using integer arithmetic (i.e., with truncation). To avoid too much
3590 * messing about with leap days, we consider January and February to be
3591 * the 13th and 14th month of the previous year. After that transformation,
3592 * we need the month index we use to be high by 1 from 'normal human' usage,
3593 * so the month index values we use run from 4 through 15.
3595 * Given that, and the rules for the Gregorian calendar (leap years are those
3596 * divisible by 4 unless also divisible by 100, when they must be divisible
3597 * by 400 instead), we can simply calculate the number of days since some
3598 * arbitrary 'beginning of time' by futzing with the (adjusted) year number,
3599 * the days we derive from our month index, and adding in the day of the
3600 * month. The value used here is not adjusted for the actual origin which
3601 * it normally would use (1 January A.D. 1), since we're not exposing it.
3602 * We're only building the value so we can turn around and get the
3603 * normalised values for the year, month, day-of-month, and day-of-year.
3605 * For going backward, we need to bias the value we're using so that we find
3606 * the right year value. (Basically, we don't want the contribution of
3607 * March 1st to the number to apply while deriving the year). Having done
3608 * that, we 'count up' the contribution to the year number by accounting for
3609 * full quadracenturies (400-year periods) with their extra leap days, plus
3610 * the contribution from full centuries (to avoid counting in the lost leap
3611 * days), plus the contribution from full quad-years (to count in the normal
3612 * leap days), plus the leftover contribution from any non-leap years.
3613 * At this point, if we were working with an actual leap day, we'll have 0
3614 * days left over. This is also true for March 1st, however. So, we have
3615 * to special-case that result, and (earlier) keep track of the 'odd'
3616 * century and year contributions. If we got 4 extra centuries in a qcent,
3617 * or 4 extra years in a qyear, then it's a leap day and we call it 29 Feb.
3618 * Otherwise, we add back in the earlier bias we removed (the 123 from
3619 * figuring in March 1st), find the month index (integer division by 30.6),
3620 * and the remainder is the day-of-month. We then have to convert back to
3621 * 'real' months (including fixing January and February from being 14/15 in
3622 * the previous year to being in the proper year). After that, to get
3623 * tm_yday, we work with the normalised year and get a new yearday value for
3624 * January 1st, which we subtract from the yearday value we had earlier,
3625 * representing the date we've re-built. This is done from January 1
3626 * because tm_yday is 0-origin.
3628 * Since POSIX time routines are only guaranteed to work for times since the
3629 * UNIX epoch (00:00:00 1 Jan 1970 UTC), the fact that this algorithm
3630 * applies Gregorian calendar rules even to dates before the 16th century
3631 * doesn't bother me. Besides, you'd need cultural context for a given
3632 * date to know whether it was Julian or Gregorian calendar, and that's
3633 * outside the scope for this routine. Since we convert back based on the
3634 * same rules we used to build the yearday, you'll only get strange results
3635 * for input which needed normalising, or for the 'odd' century years which
3636 * were leap years in the Julian calander but not in the Gregorian one.
3637 * I can live with that.
3639 * This algorithm also fails to handle years before A.D. 1 gracefully, but
3640 * that's still outside the scope for POSIX time manipulation, so I don't
3644 year = 1900 + ptm->tm_year;
3645 month = ptm->tm_mon;
3646 mday = ptm->tm_mday;
3647 /* allow given yday with no month & mday to dominate the result */
3648 if (ptm->tm_yday >= 0 && mday <= 0 && month <= 0) {
3651 jday = 1 + ptm->tm_yday;
3660 yearday = DAYS_PER_YEAR * year + year/4 - year/100 + year/400;
3661 yearday += month*MONTH_TO_DAYS + mday + jday;
3663 * Note that we don't know when leap-seconds were or will be,
3664 * so we have to trust the user if we get something which looks
3665 * like a sensible leap-second. Wild values for seconds will
3666 * be rationalised, however.
3668 if ((unsigned) ptm->tm_sec <= 60) {
3675 secs += 60 * ptm->tm_min;
3676 secs += SECS_PER_HOUR * ptm->tm_hour;
3678 if (secs-(secs/SECS_PER_DAY*SECS_PER_DAY) < 0) {
3679 /* got negative remainder, but need positive time */
3680 /* back off an extra day to compensate */
3681 yearday += (secs/SECS_PER_DAY)-1;
3682 secs -= SECS_PER_DAY * (secs/SECS_PER_DAY - 1);
3685 yearday += (secs/SECS_PER_DAY);
3686 secs -= SECS_PER_DAY * (secs/SECS_PER_DAY);
3689 else if (secs >= SECS_PER_DAY) {
3690 yearday += (secs/SECS_PER_DAY);
3691 secs %= SECS_PER_DAY;
3693 ptm->tm_hour = secs/SECS_PER_HOUR;
3694 secs %= SECS_PER_HOUR;
3695 ptm->tm_min = secs/60;
3697 ptm->tm_sec += secs;
3698 /* done with time of day effects */
3700 * The algorithm for yearday has (so far) left it high by 428.
3701 * To avoid mistaking a legitimate Feb 29 as Mar 1, we need to
3702 * bias it by 123 while trying to figure out what year it
3703 * really represents. Even with this tweak, the reverse
3704 * translation fails for years before A.D. 0001.
3705 * It would still fail for Feb 29, but we catch that one below.
3707 jday = yearday; /* save for later fixup vis-a-vis Jan 1 */
3708 yearday -= YEAR_ADJUST;
3709 year = (yearday / DAYS_PER_QCENT) * 400;
3710 yearday %= DAYS_PER_QCENT;
3711 odd_cent = yearday / DAYS_PER_CENT;
3712 year += odd_cent * 100;
3713 yearday %= DAYS_PER_CENT;
3714 year += (yearday / DAYS_PER_QYEAR) * 4;
3715 yearday %= DAYS_PER_QYEAR;
3716 odd_year = yearday / DAYS_PER_YEAR;
3718 yearday %= DAYS_PER_YEAR;
3719 if (!yearday && (odd_cent==4 || odd_year==4)) { /* catch Feb 29 */
3724 yearday += YEAR_ADJUST; /* recover March 1st crock */
3725 month = yearday*DAYS_TO_MONTH;
3726 yearday -= month*MONTH_TO_DAYS;
3727 /* recover other leap-year adjustment */
3736 ptm->tm_year = year - 1900;
3738 ptm->tm_mday = yearday;
3739 ptm->tm_mon = month;
3743 ptm->tm_mon = month - 1;
3745 /* re-build yearday based on Jan 1 to get tm_yday */
3747 yearday = year*DAYS_PER_YEAR + year/4 - year/100 + year/400;
3748 yearday += 14*MONTH_TO_DAYS + 1;
3749 ptm->tm_yday = jday - yearday;
3750 /* fix tm_wday if not overridden by caller */
3751 if ((unsigned)ptm->tm_wday > 6)
3752 ptm->tm_wday = (jday + WEEKDAY_BIAS) % 7;
3756 Perl_my_strftime(pTHX_ const char *fmt, int sec, int min, int hour, int mday, int mon, int year, int wday, int yday, int isdst)
3764 init_tm(&mytm); /* XXX workaround - see init_tm() above */
3767 mytm.tm_hour = hour;
3768 mytm.tm_mday = mday;
3770 mytm.tm_year = year;
3771 mytm.tm_wday = wday;
3772 mytm.tm_yday = yday;
3773 mytm.tm_isdst = isdst;
3775 /* use libc to get the values for tm_gmtoff and tm_zone [perl #18238] */
3776 #if defined(HAS_MKTIME) && (defined(HAS_TM_TM_GMTOFF) || defined(HAS_TM_TM_ZONE))
3781 #ifdef HAS_TM_TM_GMTOFF
3782 mytm.tm_gmtoff = mytm2.tm_gmtoff;
3784 #ifdef HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3785 mytm.tm_zone = mytm2.tm_zone;
3790 Newx(buf, buflen, char);
3791 len = strftime(buf, buflen, fmt, &mytm);
3793 ** The following is needed to handle to the situation where
3794 ** tmpbuf overflows. Basically we want to allocate a buffer
3795 ** and try repeatedly. The reason why it is so complicated
3796 ** is that getting a return value of 0 from strftime can indicate
3797 ** one of the following:
3798 ** 1. buffer overflowed,
3799 ** 2. illegal conversion specifier, or
3800 ** 3. the format string specifies nothing to be returned(not
3801 ** an error). This could be because format is an empty string
3802 ** or it specifies %p that yields an empty string in some locale.
3803 ** If there is a better way to make it portable, go ahead by
3806 if ((len > 0 && len < buflen) || (len == 0 && *fmt == '\0'))
3809 /* Possibly buf overflowed - try again with a bigger buf */
3810 const int fmtlen = strlen(fmt);
3811 const int bufsize = fmtlen + buflen;
3813 Newx(buf, bufsize, char);
3815 buflen = strftime(buf, bufsize, fmt, &mytm);
3816 if (buflen > 0 && buflen < bufsize)
3818 /* heuristic to prevent out-of-memory errors */
3819 if (bufsize > 100*fmtlen) {
3824 Renew(buf, bufsize*2, char);
3829 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: no strftime");
3835 #define SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF \
3836 sv_setsv(sv, &PL_sv_undef); \
3839 #define SV_CWD_ISDOT(dp) \
3840 (dp->d_name[0] == '.' && (dp->d_name[1] == '\0' || \
3841 (dp->d_name[1] == '.' && dp->d_name[2] == '\0')))
3844 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
3846 =for apidoc getcwd_sv
3848 Fill the sv with current working directory
3853 /* Originally written in Perl by John Bazik; rewritten in C by Ben Sugars.
3854 * rewritten again by dougm, optimized for use with xs TARG, and to prefer
3855 * getcwd(3) if available
3856 * Comments from the orignal:
3857 * This is a faster version of getcwd. It's also more dangerous
3858 * because you might chdir out of a directory that you can't chdir
3862 Perl_getcwd_sv(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
3866 #ifndef INCOMPLETE_TAINTS
3872 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
3874 /* Some getcwd()s automatically allocate a buffer of the given
3875 * size from the heap if they are given a NULL buffer pointer.
3876 * The problem is that this behaviour is not portable. */
3877 if (getcwd(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1)) {
3882 sv_setsv(sv, &PL_sv_undef);
3890 int orig_cdev, orig_cino, cdev, cino, odev, oino, tdev, tino;
3894 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
3896 if (PerlLIO_lstat(".", &statbuf) < 0) {
3897 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3900 orig_cdev = statbuf.st_dev;
3901 orig_cino = statbuf.st_ino;
3910 if (PerlDir_chdir("..") < 0) {
3911 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3913 if (PerlLIO_stat(".", &statbuf) < 0) {
3914 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3917 cdev = statbuf.st_dev;
3918 cino = statbuf.st_ino;
3920 if (odev == cdev && oino == cino) {
3923 if (!(dir = PerlDir_open("."))) {
3924 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3927 while ((dp = PerlDir_read(dir)) != NULL) {
3929 const int namelen = dp->d_namlen;
3931 const int namelen = strlen(dp->d_name);
3934 if (SV_CWD_ISDOT(dp)) {
3938 if (PerlLIO_lstat(dp->d_name, &statbuf) < 0) {
3939 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3942 tdev = statbuf.st_dev;
3943 tino = statbuf.st_ino;
3944 if (tino == oino && tdev == odev) {
3950 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3953 if (pathlen + namelen + 1 >= MAXPATHLEN) {
3954 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3957 SvGROW(sv, pathlen + namelen + 1);
3961 Move(SvPVX_const(sv), SvPVX(sv) + namelen + 1, pathlen, char);
3964 /* prepend current directory to the front */
3966 Move(dp->d_name, SvPVX(sv)+1, namelen, char);
3967 pathlen += (namelen + 1);
3969 #ifdef VOID_CLOSEDIR
3972 if (PerlDir_close(dir) < 0) {
3973 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3979 SvCUR_set(sv, pathlen);
3983 if (PerlDir_chdir(SvPVX_const(sv)) < 0) {
3984 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3987 if (PerlLIO_stat(".", &statbuf) < 0) {
3988 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3991 cdev = statbuf.st_dev;
3992 cino = statbuf.st_ino;
3994 if (cdev != orig_cdev || cino != orig_cino) {
3995 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unstable directory path, "
3996 "current directory changed unexpectedly");
4008 =for apidoc scan_version
4010 Returns a pointer to the next character after the parsed
4011 version string, as well as upgrading the passed in SV to
4014 Function must be called with an already existing SV like
4017 s = scan_version(s,SV *sv, bool qv);
4019 Performs some preprocessing to the string to ensure that
4020 it has the correct characteristics of a version. Flags the
4021 object if it contains an underscore (which denotes this
4022 is a alpha version). The boolean qv denotes that the version
4023 should be interpreted as if it had multiple decimals, even if
4030 Perl_scan_version(pTHX_ const char *s, SV *rv, bool qv)
4038 AV * const av = newAV();
4039 SV * const hv = newSVrv(rv, "version"); /* create an SV and upgrade the RV */
4040 (void)sv_upgrade(hv, SVt_PVHV); /* needs to be an HV type */
4042 #ifndef NODEFAULT_SHAREKEYS
4043 HvSHAREKEYS_on(hv); /* key-sharing on by default */
4046 while (isSPACE(*s)) /* leading whitespace is OK */
4050 s++; /* get past 'v' */
4051 qv = 1; /* force quoted version processing */
4054 start = last = pos = s;
4056 /* pre-scan the input string to check for decimals/underbars */
4057 while ( *pos == '.' || *pos == '_' || isDIGIT(*pos) )
4062 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid version format (underscores before decimal)");
4066 else if ( *pos == '_' )
4069 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid version format (multiple underscores)");
4071 width = pos - last - 1; /* natural width of sub-version */
4076 if ( alpha && !saw_period )
4077 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid version format (alpha without decimal)");
4079 if ( saw_period > 1 )
4080 qv = 1; /* force quoted version processing */
4085 hv_store((HV *)hv, "qv", 2, newSViv(qv), 0);
4087 hv_store((HV *)hv, "alpha", 5, newSViv(alpha), 0);
4088 if ( !qv && width < 3 )
4089 hv_store((HV *)hv, "width", 5, newSViv(width), 0);
4091 while (isDIGIT(*pos))
4093 if (!isALPHA(*pos)) {
4099 /* this is atoi() that delimits on underscores */
4100 const char *end = pos;
4104 /* the following if() will only be true after the decimal
4105 * point of a version originally created with a bare
4106 * floating point number, i.e. not quoted in any way
4108 if ( !qv && s > start && saw_period == 1 ) {
4112 rev += (*s - '0') * mult;
4114 if ( PERL_ABS(orev) > PERL_ABS(rev) )
4115 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Integer overflow in version");
4122 while (--end >= s) {
4124 rev += (*end - '0') * mult;
4126 if ( PERL_ABS(orev) > PERL_ABS(rev) )
4127 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Integer overflow in version");
4132 /* Append revision */
4133 av_push(av, newSViv(rev));
4134 if ( *pos == '.' && isDIGIT(pos[1]) )
4136 else if ( *pos == '_' && isDIGIT(pos[1]) )
4138 else if ( isDIGIT(*pos) )
4145 while ( isDIGIT(*pos) )
4150 while ( ( isDIGIT(*pos) || *pos == '_' ) && digits < 3 ) {
4158 if ( qv ) { /* quoted versions always get at least three terms*/
4159 I32 len = av_len(av);
4160 /* This for loop appears to trigger a compiler bug on OS X, as it
4161 loops infinitely. Yes, len is negative. No, it makes no sense.
4162 Compiler in question is:
4163 gcc version 3.3 20030304 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 1640)
4164 for ( len = 2 - len; len > 0; len-- )
4165 av_push((AV *)sv, newSViv(0));
4169 av_push(av, newSViv(0));
4172 if ( av_len(av) == -1 ) /* oops, someone forgot to pass a value */
4173 av_push(av, newSViv(0));
4175 /* And finally, store the AV in the hash */
4176 hv_store((HV *)hv, "version", 7, newRV_noinc((SV *)av), 0);
4181 =for apidoc new_version
4183 Returns a new version object based on the passed in SV:
4185 SV *sv = new_version(SV *ver);
4187 Does not alter the passed in ver SV. See "upg_version" if you
4188 want to upgrade the SV.
4194 Perl_new_version(pTHX_ SV *ver)
4197 SV * const rv = newSV(0);
4198 if ( sv_derived_from(ver,"version") ) /* can just copy directly */
4201 AV * const av = newAV();
4203 /* This will get reblessed later if a derived class*/
4204 SV * const hv = newSVrv(rv, "version");
4205 (void)sv_upgrade(hv, SVt_PVHV); /* needs to be an HV type */
4206 #ifndef NODEFAULT_SHAREKEYS
4207 HvSHAREKEYS_on(hv); /* key-sharing on by default */
4213 /* Begin copying all of the elements */
4214 if ( hv_exists((HV *)ver, "qv", 2) )
4215 hv_store((HV *)hv, "qv", 2, &PL_sv_yes, 0);
4217 if ( hv_exists((HV *)ver, "alpha", 5) )
4218 hv_store((HV *)hv, "alpha", 5, &PL_sv_yes, 0);
4220 if ( hv_exists((HV*)ver, "width", 5 ) )
4222 const I32 width = SvIV(*hv_fetchs((HV*)ver, "width", FALSE));
4223 hv_store((HV *)hv, "width", 5, newSViv(width), 0);
4226 sav = (AV *)SvRV(*hv_fetchs((HV*)ver, "version", FALSE));
4227 /* This will get reblessed later if a derived class*/
4228 for ( key = 0; key <= av_len(sav); key++ )
4230 const I32 rev = SvIV(*av_fetch(sav, key, FALSE));
4231 av_push(av, newSViv(rev));
4234 hv_store((HV *)hv, "version", 7, newRV_noinc((SV *)av), 0);
4239 const MAGIC* const mg = SvVOK(ver);
4240 if ( mg ) { /* already a v-string */
4241 const STRLEN len = mg->mg_len;
4242 char * const version = savepvn( (const char*)mg->mg_ptr, len);
4243 sv_setpvn(rv,version,len);
4248 sv_setsv(rv,ver); /* make a duplicate */
4253 return upg_version(rv);
4257 =for apidoc upg_version
4259 In-place upgrade of the supplied SV to a version object.
4261 SV *sv = upg_version(SV *sv);
4263 Returns a pointer to the upgraded SV.
4269 Perl_upg_version(pTHX_ SV *ver)
4271 const char *version, *s;
4277 if ( SvNOK(ver) ) /* may get too much accuracy */
4280 const STRLEN len = my_sprintf(tbuf,"%.9"NVgf, SvNVX(ver));
4281 version = savepvn(tbuf, len);
4284 else if ( (mg = SvVOK(ver)) ) { /* already a v-string */
4285 version = savepvn( (const char*)mg->mg_ptr,mg->mg_len );
4289 else /* must be a string or something like a string */
4291 version = savepv(SvPV_nolen(ver));
4293 s = scan_version(version, ver, qv);
4295 if(ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
4296 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
4297 "Version string '%s' contains invalid data; "
4298 "ignoring: '%s'", version, s);
4306 Validates that the SV contains a valid version object.
4308 bool vverify(SV *vobj);
4310 Note that it only confirms the bare minimum structure (so as not to get
4311 confused by derived classes which may contain additional hash entries):
4315 =item * The SV contains a [reference to a] hash
4317 =item * The hash contains a "version" key
4319 =item * The "version" key has [a reference to] an AV as its value
4327 Perl_vverify(pTHX_ SV *vs)
4333 /* see if the appropriate elements exist */
4334 if ( SvTYPE(vs) == SVt_PVHV
4335 && hv_exists((HV*)vs, "version", 7)
4336 && (sv = SvRV(*hv_fetchs((HV*)vs, "version", FALSE)))
4337 && SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV )
4346 Accepts a version object and returns the normalized floating
4347 point representation. Call like:
4351 NOTE: you can pass either the object directly or the SV
4352 contained within the RV.
4358 Perl_vnumify(pTHX_ SV *vs)
4363 SV * const sv = newSV(0);
4369 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid version object");
4371 /* see if various flags exist */
4372 if ( hv_exists((HV*)vs, "alpha", 5 ) )
4374 if ( hv_exists((HV*)vs, "width", 5 ) )
4375 width = SvIV(*hv_fetchs((HV*)vs, "width", FALSE));
4380 /* attempt to retrieve the version array */
4381 if ( !(av = (AV *)SvRV(*hv_fetchs((HV*)vs, "version", FALSE)) ) ) {
4393 digit = SvIV(*av_fetch(av, 0, 0));
4394 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%d.", (int)PERL_ABS(digit));
4395 for ( i = 1 ; i < len ; i++ )
4397 digit = SvIV(*av_fetch(av, i, 0));
4399 const int denom = (width == 2 ? 10 : 100);
4400 const div_t term = div((int)PERL_ABS(digit),denom);
4401 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%0*d_%d", width, term.quot, term.rem);
4404 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%0*d", width, (int)digit);
4410 digit = SvIV(*av_fetch(av, len, 0));
4411 if ( alpha && width == 3 ) /* alpha version */
4413 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%0*d", width, (int)digit);
4417 sv_catpvs(sv, "000");
4425 Accepts a version object and returns the normalized string
4426 representation. Call like:
4430 NOTE: you can pass either the object directly or the SV
4431 contained within the RV.
4437 Perl_vnormal(pTHX_ SV *vs)
4441 SV * const sv = newSV(0);
4447 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid version object");
4449 if ( hv_exists((HV*)vs, "alpha", 5 ) )
4451 av = (AV *)SvRV(*hv_fetchs((HV*)vs, "version", FALSE));
4459 digit = SvIV(*av_fetch(av, 0, 0));
4460 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv, "v%"IVdf, (IV)digit);
4461 for ( i = 1 ; i < len ; i++ ) {
4462 digit = SvIV(*av_fetch(av, i, 0));
4463 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, ".%"IVdf, (IV)digit);
4468 /* handle last digit specially */
4469 digit = SvIV(*av_fetch(av, len, 0));
4471 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "_%"IVdf, (IV)digit);
4473 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, ".%"IVdf, (IV)digit);
4476 if ( len <= 2 ) { /* short version, must be at least three */
4477 for ( len = 2 - len; len != 0; len-- )
4484 =for apidoc vstringify
4486 In order to maintain maximum compatibility with earlier versions
4487 of Perl, this function will return either the floating point
4488 notation or the multiple dotted notation, depending on whether
4489 the original version contained 1 or more dots, respectively
4495 Perl_vstringify(pTHX_ SV *vs)
4501 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid version object");
4503 if ( hv_exists((HV *)vs, "qv", 2) )
4512 Version object aware cmp. Both operands must already have been
4513 converted into version objects.
4519 Perl_vcmp(pTHX_ SV *lhv, SV *rhv)
4522 bool lalpha = FALSE;
4523 bool ralpha = FALSE;
4532 if ( !vverify(lhv) )
4533 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid version object");
4535 if ( !vverify(rhv) )
4536 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid version object");
4538 /* get the left hand term */
4539 lav = (AV *)SvRV(*hv_fetchs((HV*)lhv, "version", FALSE));
4540 if ( hv_exists((HV*)lhv, "alpha", 5 ) )
4543 /* and the right hand term */
4544 rav = (AV *)SvRV(*hv_fetchs((HV*)rhv, "version", FALSE));
4545 if ( hv_exists((HV*)rhv, "alpha", 5 ) )
4553 while ( i <= m && retval == 0 )
4555 left = SvIV(*av_fetch(lav,i,0));
4556 right = SvIV(*av_fetch(rav,i,0));
4564 /* tiebreaker for alpha with identical terms */
4565 if ( retval == 0 && l == r && left == right && ( lalpha || ralpha ) )
4567 if ( lalpha && !ralpha )
4571 else if ( ralpha && !lalpha)
4577 if ( l != r && retval == 0 ) /* possible match except for trailing 0's */
4581 while ( i <= r && retval == 0 )
4583 if ( SvIV(*av_fetch(rav,i,0)) != 0 )
4584 retval = -1; /* not a match after all */
4590 while ( i <= l && retval == 0 )
4592 if ( SvIV(*av_fetch(lav,i,0)) != 0 )
4593 retval = +1; /* not a match after all */
4601 #if !defined(HAS_SOCKETPAIR) && defined(HAS_SOCKET) && defined(AF_INET) && defined(PF_INET) && defined(SOCK_DGRAM) && defined(HAS_SELECT)
4602 # define EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP
4605 #ifdef EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP
4607 S_socketpair_udp (int fd[2]) {
4609 /* Fake a datagram socketpair using UDP to localhost. */
4610 int sockets[2] = {-1, -1};
4611 struct sockaddr_in addresses[2];
4613 Sock_size_t size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
4614 unsigned short port;
4617 memset(&addresses, 0, sizeof(addresses));
4620 sockets[i] = PerlSock_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, PF_INET);
4621 if (sockets[i] == -1)
4622 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4624 addresses[i].sin_family = AF_INET;
4625 addresses[i].sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
4626 addresses[i].sin_port = 0; /* kernel choses port. */
4627 if (PerlSock_bind(sockets[i], (struct sockaddr *) &addresses[i],
4628 sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == -1)
4629 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4632 /* Now have 2 UDP sockets. Find out which port each is connected to, and
4633 for each connect the other socket to it. */
4636 if (PerlSock_getsockname(sockets[i], (struct sockaddr *) &addresses[i],
4638 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4639 if (size != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))
4640 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4641 /* !1 is 0, !0 is 1 */
4642 if (PerlSock_connect(sockets[!i], (struct sockaddr *) &addresses[i],
4643 sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == -1)
4644 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4647 /* Now we have 2 sockets connected to each other. I don't trust some other
4648 process not to have already sent a packet to us (by random) so send
4649 a packet from each to the other. */
4652 /* I'm going to send my own port number. As a short.
4653 (Who knows if someone somewhere has sin_port as a bitfield and needs
4654 this routine. (I'm assuming crays have socketpair)) */
4655 port = addresses[i].sin_port;
4656 got = PerlLIO_write(sockets[i], &port, sizeof(port));
4657 if (got != sizeof(port)) {
4659 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4660 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4664 /* Packets sent. I don't trust them to have arrived though.
4665 (As I understand it Solaris TCP stack is multithreaded. Non-blocking
4666 connect to localhost will use a second kernel thread. In 2.6 the
4667 first thread running the connect() returns before the second completes,
4668 so EINPROGRESS> In 2.7 the improved stack is faster and connect()
4669 returns 0. Poor programs have tripped up. One poor program's authors'
4670 had a 50-1 reverse stock split. Not sure how connected these were.)
4671 So I don't trust someone not to have an unpredictable UDP stack.
4675 struct timeval waitfor = {0, 100000}; /* You have 0.1 seconds */
4676 int max = sockets[1] > sockets[0] ? sockets[1] : sockets[0];
4680 FD_SET((unsigned int)sockets[0], &rset);
4681 FD_SET((unsigned int)sockets[1], &rset);
4683 got = PerlSock_select(max + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, &waitfor);
4684 if (got != 2 || !FD_ISSET(sockets[0], &rset)
4685 || !FD_ISSET(sockets[1], &rset)) {
4686 /* I hope this is portable and appropriate. */
4688 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4689 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4693 /* And the paranoia department even now doesn't trust it to have arrive
4694 (hence MSG_DONTWAIT). Or that what arrives was sent by us. */
4696 struct sockaddr_in readfrom;
4697 unsigned short buffer[2];
4702 got = PerlSock_recvfrom(sockets[i], (char *) &buffer,
4703 sizeof(buffer), MSG_DONTWAIT,
4704 (struct sockaddr *) &readfrom, &size);
4706 got = PerlSock_recvfrom(sockets[i], (char *) &buffer,
4708 (struct sockaddr *) &readfrom, &size);
4712 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4713 if (got != sizeof(port)
4714 || size != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)
4715 /* Check other socket sent us its port. */
4716 || buffer[0] != (unsigned short) addresses[!i].sin_port
4717 /* Check kernel says we got the datagram from that socket */
4718 || readfrom.sin_family != addresses[!i].sin_family
4719 || readfrom.sin_addr.s_addr != addresses[!i].sin_addr.s_addr
4720 || readfrom.sin_port != addresses[!i].sin_port)
4721 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4724 /* My caller (my_socketpair) has validated that this is non-NULL */
4727 /* I hereby declare this connection open. May God bless all who cross
4731 abort_tidy_up_and_fail:
4732 errno = ECONNABORTED;
4735 const int save_errno = errno;
4736 if (sockets[0] != -1)
4737 PerlLIO_close(sockets[0]);
4738 if (sockets[1] != -1)
4739 PerlLIO_close(sockets[1]);
4744 #endif /* EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP */
4746 #if !defined(HAS_SOCKETPAIR) && defined(HAS_SOCKET) && defined(AF_INET) && defined(PF_INET)
4748 Perl_my_socketpair (int family, int type, int protocol, int fd[2]) {
4749 /* Stevens says that family must be AF_LOCAL, protocol 0.
4750 I'm going to enforce that, then ignore it, and use TCP (or UDP). */
4755 struct sockaddr_in listen_addr;
4756 struct sockaddr_in connect_addr;
4761 || family != AF_UNIX
4764 errno = EAFNOSUPPORT;
4772 #ifdef EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP
4773 if (type == SOCK_DGRAM)
4774 return S_socketpair_udp(fd);
4777 listener = PerlSock_socket(AF_INET, type, 0);
4780 memset(&listen_addr, 0, sizeof(listen_addr));
4781 listen_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
4782 listen_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
4783 listen_addr.sin_port = 0; /* kernel choses port. */
4784 if (PerlSock_bind(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &listen_addr,
4785 sizeof(listen_addr)) == -1)
4786 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4787 if (PerlSock_listen(listener, 1) == -1)
4788 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4790 connector = PerlSock_socket(AF_INET, type, 0);
4791 if (connector == -1)
4792 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4793 /* We want to find out the port number to connect to. */
4794 size = sizeof(connect_addr);
4795 if (PerlSock_getsockname(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &connect_addr,
4797 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4798 if (size != sizeof(connect_addr))
4799 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4800 if (PerlSock_connect(connector, (struct sockaddr *) &connect_addr,
4801 sizeof(connect_addr)) == -1)
4802 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4804 size = sizeof(listen_addr);
4805 acceptor = PerlSock_accept(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &listen_addr,
4808 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4809 if (size != sizeof(listen_addr))
4810 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4811 PerlLIO_close(listener);
4812 /* Now check we are talking to ourself by matching port and host on the
4814 if (PerlSock_getsockname(connector, (struct sockaddr *) &connect_addr,
4816 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4817 if (size != sizeof(connect_addr)
4818 || listen_addr.sin_family != connect_addr.sin_family
4819 || listen_addr.sin_addr.s_addr != connect_addr.sin_addr.s_addr
4820 || listen_addr.sin_port != connect_addr.sin_port) {
4821 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4827 abort_tidy_up_and_fail:
4829 errno = ECONNABORTED; /* This would be the standard thing to do. */
4831 # ifdef ECONNREFUSED
4832 errno = ECONNREFUSED; /* E.g. Symbian does not have ECONNABORTED. */
4834 errno = ETIMEDOUT; /* Desperation time. */
4839 const int save_errno = errno;
4841 PerlLIO_close(listener);
4842 if (connector != -1)
4843 PerlLIO_close(connector);
4845 PerlLIO_close(acceptor);
4851 /* In any case have a stub so that there's code corresponding
4852 * to the my_socketpair in global.sym. */
4854 Perl_my_socketpair (int family, int type, int protocol, int fd[2]) {
4855 #ifdef HAS_SOCKETPAIR
4856 return socketpair(family, type, protocol, fd);
4865 =for apidoc sv_nosharing
4867 Dummy routine which "shares" an SV when there is no sharing module present.
4868 Or "locks" it. Or "unlocks" it. In other words, ignores its single SV argument.
4869 Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could
4870 potentially warn under some level of strict-ness.
4876 Perl_sv_nosharing(pTHX_ SV *sv)
4878 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
4879 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
4883 Perl_parse_unicode_opts(pTHX_ const char **popt)
4885 const char *p = *popt;
4890 opt = (U32) atoi(p);
4891 while (isDIGIT(*p)) p++;
4892 if (*p && *p != '\n' && *p != '\r')
4893 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'", *p);
4898 case PERL_UNICODE_STDIN:
4899 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STDIN_FLAG; break;
4900 case PERL_UNICODE_STDOUT:
4901 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STDOUT_FLAG; break;
4902 case PERL_UNICODE_STDERR:
4903 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STDERR_FLAG; break;
4904 case PERL_UNICODE_STD:
4905 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STD_FLAG; break;
4906 case PERL_UNICODE_IN:
4907 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_IN_FLAG; break;
4908 case PERL_UNICODE_OUT:
4909 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_OUT_FLAG; break;
4910 case PERL_UNICODE_INOUT:
4911 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_INOUT_FLAG; break;
4912 case PERL_UNICODE_LOCALE:
4913 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_LOCALE_FLAG; break;
4914 case PERL_UNICODE_ARGV:
4915 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_ARGV_FLAG; break;
4917 if (*p != '\n' && *p != '\r')
4919 "Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'", *p);
4925 opt = PERL_UNICODE_DEFAULT_FLAGS;
4927 if (opt & ~PERL_UNICODE_ALL_FLAGS)
4928 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown Unicode option value %"UVuf,
4929 (UV) (opt & ~PERL_UNICODE_ALL_FLAGS));
4941 * This is really just a quick hack which grabs various garbage
4942 * values. It really should be a real hash algorithm which
4943 * spreads the effect of every input bit onto every output bit,
4944 * if someone who knows about such things would bother to write it.
4945 * Might be a good idea to add that function to CORE as well.
4946 * No numbers below come from careful analysis or anything here,
4947 * except they are primes and SEED_C1 > 1E6 to get a full-width
4948 * value from (tv_sec * SEED_C1 + tv_usec). The multipliers should
4949 * probably be bigger too.
4952 # define SEED_C1 1000003
4953 #define SEED_C4 73819
4955 # define SEED_C1 25747
4956 #define SEED_C4 20639
4960 #define SEED_C5 26107
4962 #ifndef PERL_NO_DEV_RANDOM
4967 # include <starlet.h>
4968 /* when[] = (low 32 bits, high 32 bits) of time since epoch
4969 * in 100-ns units, typically incremented ever 10 ms. */
4970 unsigned int when[2];
4972 # ifdef HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY
4973 struct timeval when;
4979 /* This test is an escape hatch, this symbol isn't set by Configure. */
4980 #ifndef PERL_NO_DEV_RANDOM
4981 #ifndef PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE
4982 /* /dev/random isn't used by default because reads from it will block
4983 * if there isn't enough entropy available. You can compile with
4984 * PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE to it if you'd prefer Perl to block until there
4985 * is enough real entropy to fill the seed. */
4986 # define PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE "/dev/urandom"
4988 fd = PerlLIO_open(PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE, 0);
4990 if (PerlLIO_read(fd, (void*)&u, sizeof u) != sizeof u)
4999 _ckvmssts(sys$gettim(when));
5000 u = (U32)SEED_C1 * when[0] + (U32)SEED_C2 * when[1];
5002 # ifdef HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY
5003 PerlProc_gettimeofday(&when,NULL);
5004 u = (U32)SEED_C1 * when.tv_sec + (U32)SEED_C2 * when.tv_usec;
5007 u = (U32)SEED_C1 * when;
5010 u += SEED_C3 * (U32)PerlProc_getpid();
5011 u += SEED_C4 * (U32)PTR2UV(PL_stack_sp);
5012 #ifndef PLAN9 /* XXX Plan9 assembler chokes on this; fix needed */
5013 u += SEED_C5 * (U32)PTR2UV(&when);
5019 Perl_get_hash_seed(pTHX)
5022 const char *s = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_HASH_SEED");
5026 while (isSPACE(*s)) s++;
5027 if (s && isDIGIT(*s))
5028 myseed = (UV)Atoul(s);
5030 #ifdef USE_HASH_SEED_EXPLICIT
5034 /* Compute a random seed */
5035 (void)seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)seed());
5036 myseed = (UV)(Drand01() * (NV)UV_MAX);
5037 #if RANDBITS < (UVSIZE * 8)
5038 /* Since there are not enough randbits to to reach all
5039 * the bits of a UV, the low bits might need extra
5040 * help. Sum in another random number that will
5041 * fill in the low bits. */
5043 (UV)(Drand01() * (NV)((1 << ((UVSIZE * 8 - RANDBITS))) - 1));
5044 #endif /* RANDBITS < (UVSIZE * 8) */
5045 if (myseed == 0) { /* Superparanoia. */
5046 myseed = (UV)(Drand01() * (NV)UV_MAX); /* One more chance. */
5048 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Your random numbers are not that random");
5051 PL_rehash_seed_set = TRUE;
5058 Perl_stashpv_hvname_match(pTHX_ const COP *c, const HV *hv)
5060 const char * const stashpv = CopSTASHPV(c);
5061 const char * const name = HvNAME_get(hv);
5062 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
5064 if (stashpv == name)
5066 if (stashpv && name)
5067 if (strEQ(stashpv, name))
5074 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
5077 Perl_init_global_struct(pTHX)
5079 struct perl_vars *plvarsp = NULL;
5080 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
5081 # define PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_INIT
5082 # include "opcode.h" /* the ppaddr and check */
5083 const IV nppaddr = sizeof(Gppaddr)/sizeof(Perl_ppaddr_t);
5084 const IV ncheck = sizeof(Gcheck) /sizeof(Perl_check_t);
5085 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
5086 /* PerlMem_malloc() because can't use even safesysmalloc() this early. */
5087 plvarsp = (struct perl_vars*)PerlMem_malloc(sizeof(struct perl_vars));
5091 plvarsp = PL_VarsPtr;
5092 # endif /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE */
5098 # define PERLVAR(var,type) /**/
5099 # define PERLVARA(var,n,type) /**/
5100 # define PERLVARI(var,type,init) plvarsp->var = init;
5101 # define PERLVARIC(var,type,init) plvarsp->var = init;
5102 # define PERLVARISC(var,init) Copy(init, plvarsp->var, sizeof(init), char);
5103 # include "perlvars.h"
5109 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
5110 plvarsp->Gppaddr = PerlMem_malloc(nppaddr * sizeof(Perl_ppaddr_t));
5111 if (!plvarsp->Gppaddr)
5113 plvarsp->Gcheck = PerlMem_malloc(ncheck * sizeof(Perl_check_t));
5114 if (!plvarsp->Gcheck)
5116 Copy(Gppaddr, plvarsp->Gppaddr, nppaddr, Perl_ppaddr_t);
5117 Copy(Gcheck, plvarsp->Gcheck, ncheck, Perl_check_t);
5119 # ifdef PERL_SET_VARS
5120 PERL_SET_VARS(plvarsp);
5122 # undef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_INIT
5127 #endif /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT */
5129 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
5132 Perl_free_global_struct(pTHX_ struct perl_vars *plvarsp)
5134 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
5135 # ifdef PERL_UNSET_VARS
5136 PERL_UNSET_VARS(plvarsp);
5138 free(plvarsp->Gppaddr);
5139 free(plvarsp->Gcheck);
5140 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
5146 #endif /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT */
5150 #define PERL_MEM_LOG_SPRINTF_BUF_SIZE 128
5153 Perl_mem_log_alloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *typename, Malloc_t newalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname)
5155 #ifdef PERL_MEM_LOG_STDERR
5156 /* We can't use PerlIO for obvious reasons. */
5157 char buf[PERL_MEM_LOG_SPRINTF_BUF_SIZE];
5158 const STRLEN len = my_sprintf(buf,
5159 "alloc: %s:%d:%s: %"IVdf" %"UVuf
5160 " %s = %"IVdf": %"UVxf"\n",
5161 filename, linenumber, funcname, n, typesize,
5162 typename, n * typesize, PTR2UV(newalloc));
5163 PerlLIO_write(2, buf, len);
5169 Perl_mem_log_realloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *typename, Malloc_t oldalloc, Malloc_t newalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname)
5171 #ifdef PERL_MEM_LOG_STDERR
5172 /* We can't use PerlIO for obvious reasons. */
5173 char buf[PERL_MEM_LOG_SPRINTF_BUF_SIZE];
5174 const STRLEN len = my_sprintf(buf, "realloc: %s:%d:%s: %"IVdf" %"UVuf
5175 " %s = %"IVdf": %"UVxf" -> %"UVxf"\n",
5176 filename, linenumber, funcname, n, typesize,
5177 typename, n * typesize, PTR2UV(oldalloc),
5179 PerlLIO_write(2, buf, len);
5185 Perl_mem_log_free(Malloc_t oldalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname)
5187 #ifdef PERL_MEM_LOG_STDERR
5188 /* We can't use PerlIO for obvious reasons. */
5189 char buf[PERL_MEM_LOG_SPRINTF_BUF_SIZE];
5190 const STRLEN len = my_sprintf(buf, "free: %s:%d:%s: %"UVxf"\n",
5191 filename, linenumber, funcname,
5193 PerlLIO_write(2, buf, len);
5198 #endif /* PERL_MEM_LOG */
5201 =for apidoc my_sprintf
5203 The C library C<sprintf>, wrapped if necessary, to ensure that it will return
5204 the length of the string written to the buffer. Only rare pre-ANSI systems
5205 need the wrapper function - usually this is a direct call to C<sprintf>.
5209 #ifndef SPRINTF_RETURNS_STRLEN
5211 Perl_my_sprintf(char *buffer, const char* pat, ...)
5214 va_start(args, pat);
5215 vsprintf(buffer, pat, args);
5217 return strlen(buffer);
5222 Perl_my_clearenv(pTHX)
5225 #if ! defined(PERL_MICRO)
5226 # if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS) || defined(WIN32)
5228 # else /* ! (PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS || WIN32) */
5229 # if defined(USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY)
5230 # if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
5231 /* only the parent thread can clobber the process environment */
5232 if (PL_curinterp == aTHX)
5233 # endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
5235 # if ! defined(PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV)
5236 if ( !PL_use_safe_putenv) {
5238 if (environ == PL_origenviron)
5239 environ = (char**)safesysmalloc(sizeof(char*));
5241 for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++)
5242 (void)safesysfree(environ[i]);
5245 # else /* PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV */
5246 # if defined(HAS_CLEARENV)
5248 # elif defined(HAS_UNSETENV)
5249 int bsiz = 80; /* Most envvar names will be shorter than this. */
5250 char *buf = (char*)safesysmalloc(bsiz * sizeof(char));
5251 while (*environ != NULL) {
5252 char *e = strchr(*environ, '=');
5253 int l = e ? e - *environ : strlen(*environ);
5255 (void)safesysfree(buf);
5257 buf = (char*)safesysmalloc(bsiz * sizeof(char));
5259 strncpy(buf, *environ, l);
5261 (void)unsetenv(buf);
5263 (void)safesysfree(buf);
5264 # else /* ! HAS_CLEARENV && ! HAS_UNSETENV */
5265 /* Just null environ and accept the leakage. */
5267 # endif /* HAS_CLEARENV || HAS_UNSETENV */
5268 # endif /* ! PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV */
5270 # endif /* USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY */
5271 # endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS || WIN32 */
5272 #endif /* PERL_MICRO */
5275 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
5277 /* implements the MY_CXT_INIT macro. The first time a module is loaded,
5278 the global PL_my_cxt_index is incremented, and that value is assigned to
5279 that module's static my_cxt_index (who's address is passed as an arg).
5280 Then, for each interpreter this function is called for, it makes sure a
5281 void* slot is available to hang the static data off, by allocating or
5282 extending the interpreter's PL_my_cxt_list array */
5285 Perl_my_cxt_init(pTHX_ int *index, size_t size)
5290 /* this module hasn't been allocated an index yet */
5291 MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_my_ctx_mutex);
5292 *index = PL_my_cxt_index++;
5293 MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_my_ctx_mutex);
5296 /* make sure the array is big enough */
5297 if (PL_my_cxt_size <= *index) {
5298 if (PL_my_cxt_size) {
5299 while (PL_my_cxt_size <= *index)
5300 PL_my_cxt_size *= 2;
5301 Renew(PL_my_cxt_list, PL_my_cxt_size, void *);
5304 PL_my_cxt_size = 16;
5305 Newx(PL_my_cxt_list, PL_my_cxt_size, void *);
5308 /* newSV() allocates one more than needed */
5309 p = (void*)SvPVX(newSV(size-1));
5310 PL_my_cxt_list[*index] = p;
5311 Zero(p, size, char);
5318 * c-indentation-style: bsd
5320 * indent-tabs-mode: t
5323 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: