3 * Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, by Larry Wall and others
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
10 /* Use UTF-8 as the default script encoding?
11 * Turning this on will break scripts having non-UTF-8 binary
12 * data (such as Latin-1) in string literals. */
13 #ifdef USE_UTF8_SCRIPTS
14 # define USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES (!IN_BYTES)
16 # define USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES (PL_hints & HINT_UTF8)
20 /* The equivalent of these macros but implementing UTF-EBCDIC
21 are in the following header file:
24 #include "utfebcdic.h"
29 EXTCONST unsigned char PL_utf8skip[] = {
30 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
31 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
32 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
33 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
34 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* bogus */
35 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* bogus */
36 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, /* scripts */
37 3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,6,6, /* cjk etc. */
38 7,13, /* Perl extended (not UTF-8). Up to 72bit allowed (64-bit + reserved). */
41 EXTCONST unsigned char PL_utf8skip[];
45 #define UTF8SKIP(s) PL_utf8skip[*(const U8*)(s)]
47 /* Native character to iso-8859-1 */
48 #define NATIVE_TO_ASCII(ch) (ch)
49 #define ASCII_TO_NATIVE(ch) (ch)
50 /* Transform after encoding */
51 #define NATIVE_TO_UTF(ch) (ch)
52 #define UTF_TO_NATIVE(ch) (ch)
53 /* Transforms in wide UV chars */
54 #define UNI_TO_NATIVE(ch) (ch)
55 #define NATIVE_TO_UNI(ch) (ch)
56 /* Transforms in invariant space */
57 #define NATIVE_TO_NEED(enc,ch) (ch)
58 #define ASCII_TO_NEED(enc,ch) (ch)
60 /* As there are no translations avoid the function wrapper */
61 #define Perl_utf8n_to_uvchr Perl_utf8n_to_uvuni
62 #define Perl_uvchr_to_utf8 Perl_uvuni_to_utf8
66 The following table is from Unicode 3.2.
68 Code Points 1st Byte 2nd Byte 3rd Byte 4th Byte
71 U+0080..U+07FF C2..DF 80..BF
72 U+0800..U+0FFF E0 A0..BF 80..BF
73 U+1000..U+CFFF E1..EC 80..BF 80..BF
74 U+D000..U+D7FF ED 80..9F 80..BF
75 U+D800..U+DFFF ******* ill-formed *******
76 U+E000..U+FFFF EE..EF 80..BF 80..BF
77 U+10000..U+3FFFF F0 90..BF 80..BF 80..BF
78 U+40000..U+FFFFF F1..F3 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
79 U+100000..U+10FFFF F4 80..8F 80..BF 80..BF
81 Note the A0..BF in U+0800..U+0FFF, the 80..9F in U+D000...U+D7FF,
82 the 90..BF in U+10000..U+3FFFF, and the 80...8F in U+100000..U+10FFFF.
83 The "gaps" are caused by legal UTF-8 avoiding non-shortest encodings:
84 it is technically possible to UTF-8-encode a single code point in different
85 ways, but that is explicitly forbidden, and the shortest possible encoding
86 should always be used (and that is what Perl does).
91 Another way to look at it, as bits:
93 Code Points 1st Byte 2nd Byte 3rd Byte 4th Byte
96 00000bbbbbaaaaaa 110bbbbb 10aaaaaa
97 ccccbbbbbbaaaaaa 1110cccc 10bbbbbb 10aaaaaa
98 00000dddccccccbbbbbbaaaaaa 11110ddd 10cccccc 10bbbbbb 10aaaaaa
100 As you can see, the continuation bytes all begin with C<10>, and the
101 leading bits of the start byte tell how many bytes the are in the
107 #define UNI_IS_INVARIANT(c) (((UV)c) < 0x80)
108 #define UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(c) UNI_IS_INVARIANT(NATIVE_TO_UTF(c))
109 #define NATIVE_IS_INVARIANT(c) UNI_IS_INVARIANT(NATIVE_TO_ASCII(c))
110 #define UTF8_IS_START(c) (((U8)c) >= 0xc0 && (((U8)c) <= 0xfd))
111 #define UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(c) (((U8)c) >= 0x80 && (((U8)c) <= 0xbf))
112 #define UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(c) (((U8)c) & 0x80)
113 #define UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(c) (((U8)c & 0xfc) == 0xc0)
115 #define UTF_START_MARK(len) ((len > 7) ? 0xFF : (0xFE << (7-len)))
116 #define UTF_START_MASK(len) ((len >= 7) ? 0x00 : (0x1F >> (len-2)))
118 #define UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK 0x80
119 #define UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT 6
120 #define UTF_CONTINUATION_MASK ((U8)0x3f)
121 #define UTF8_ACCUMULATE(old, new) (((old) << UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT) | (((U8)new) & UTF_CONTINUATION_MASK))
123 #define UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(c) ((((U8)(c))>>UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT)|UTF_START_MARK(2))
124 #define UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(c) (((((U8)(c)))&UTF_CONTINUATION_MASK)|UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK)
127 #define UNISKIP(uv) ( (uv) < 0x80 ? 1 : \
129 (uv) < 0x10000 ? 3 : \
130 (uv) < 0x200000 ? 4 : \
131 (uv) < 0x4000000 ? 5 : \
132 (uv) < 0x80000000 ? 6 : \
133 (uv) < UTF8_QUAD_MAX ? 7 : 13 )
135 /* No, I'm not even going to *TRY* putting #ifdef inside a #define */
136 #define UNISKIP(uv) ( (uv) < 0x80 ? 1 : \
138 (uv) < 0x10000 ? 3 : \
139 (uv) < 0x200000 ? 4 : \
140 (uv) < 0x4000000 ? 5 : \
141 (uv) < 0x80000000 ? 6 : 7 )
145 * Note: we try to be careful never to call the isXXX_utf8() functions
146 * unless we're pretty sure we've seen the beginning of a UTF-8 character
147 * (that is, the two high bits are set). Otherwise we risk loading in the
148 * heavy-duty SWASHINIT and SWASHGET routines unnecessarily.
150 #define isIDFIRST_lazy_if(p,c) ((IN_BYTES || (!c || (*((const U8*)p) < 0xc0))) \
152 : isIDFIRST_utf8((const U8*)p))
153 #define isALNUM_lazy_if(p,c) ((IN_BYTES || (!c || (*((const U8*)p) < 0xc0))) \
155 : isALNUM_utf8((const U8*)p))
158 #endif /* EBCDIC vs ASCII */
160 /* Rest of these are attributes of Unicode and perl's internals rather than the encoding */
162 #define isIDFIRST_lazy(p) isIDFIRST_lazy_if(p,1)
163 #define isALNUM_lazy(p) isALNUM_lazy_if(p,1)
165 #define UTF8_MAXBYTES 13
166 /* How wide can a single UTF-8 encoded character become in bytes.
167 * NOTE: Strictly speaking Perl's UTF-8 should not be called UTF-8
168 * since UTF-8 is an encoding of Unicode and given Unicode's current
169 * upper limit only four bytes is possible. Perl thinks of UTF-8
170 * as a way to encode non-negative integers in a binary format. */
171 #define UTF8_MAXLEN UTF8_MAXBYTES
173 #define UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC 3 /* Obsolete, do not use. */
174 #define UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC_MULT 39 /* Obsolete, do not use. */
175 #define UTF8_MAXLEN_FOLD 3 /* Obsolete, do not use. */
176 #define UTF8_MAXLEN_FOLD_MULT 39 /* Obsolete, do not use. */
178 /* The maximum number of UTF-8 bytes a single Unicode character can
179 * uppercase/lowercase/fold into; this number depends on the Unicode
180 * version. An example of maximal expansion is the U+03B0 which
181 * uppercases to U+03C5 U+0308 U+0301. The Unicode databases that
182 * tell these things are UnicodeDatabase.txt, CaseFolding.txt, and
183 * SpecialCasing.txt. */
184 #define UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE 6
186 #define IN_BYTES (PL_curcop->op_private & HINT_BYTES)
187 #define DO_UTF8(sv) (SvUTF8(sv) && !IN_BYTES)
189 #define UTF8_ALLOW_EMPTY 0x0001
190 #define UTF8_ALLOW_CONTINUATION 0x0002
191 #define UTF8_ALLOW_NON_CONTINUATION 0x0004
192 #define UTF8_ALLOW_FE_FF 0x0008
193 #define UTF8_ALLOW_SHORT 0x0010
194 #define UTF8_ALLOW_SURROGATE 0x0020
195 #define UTF8_ALLOW_FFFF 0x0040 /* Allows also FFFE. */
196 #define UTF8_ALLOW_LONG 0x0080
197 #define UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV (UTF8_ALLOW_EMPTY|UTF8_ALLOW_FE_FF|\
198 UTF8_ALLOW_SURROGATE|UTF8_ALLOW_FFFF)
199 #define UTF8_ALLOW_ANY 0x00FF
200 #define UTF8_CHECK_ONLY 0x0200
202 #define UNICODE_SURROGATE_FIRST 0xD800
203 #define UNICODE_SURROGATE_LAST 0xDFFF
204 #define UNICODE_REPLACEMENT 0xFFFD
205 #define UNICODE_BYTE_ORDER_MARK 0xFEFF
206 #define UNICODE_ILLEGAL 0xFFFF
208 /* Though our UTF-8 encoding can go beyond this,
209 * let's be conservative and do as Unicode 3.2 says. */
210 #define PERL_UNICODE_MAX 0x10FFFF
212 #define UNICODE_ALLOW_SURROGATE 0x0001 /* Allow UTF-16 surrogates (EVIL) */
213 #define UNICODE_ALLOW_FDD0 0x0002 /* Allow the U+FDD0...U+FDEF */
214 #define UNICODE_ALLOW_FFFF 0x0004 /* Allow 0xFFF[EF], 0x1FFF[EF], ... */
215 #define UNICODE_ALLOW_SUPER 0x0008 /* Allow past 10xFFFF */
216 #define UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY 0x000F
218 #define UNICODE_IS_SURROGATE(c) ((c) >= UNICODE_SURROGATE_FIRST && \
219 (c) <= UNICODE_SURROGATE_LAST)
220 #define UNICODE_IS_REPLACEMENT(c) ((c) == UNICODE_REPLACEMENT)
221 #define UNICODE_IS_BYTE_ORDER_MARK(c) ((c) == UNICODE_BYTE_ORDER_MARK)
222 #define UNICODE_IS_ILLEGAL(c) ((c) == UNICODE_ILLEGAL)
225 # define UTF8_QUAD_MAX UINT64_C(0x1000000000)
228 #define UTF8_IS_ASCII(c) UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(c)
230 #define UNICODE_LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S 0x00DF
231 #define UNICODE_GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_SIGMA 0x03A3
232 #define UNICODE_GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_FINAL_SIGMA 0x03C2
233 #define UNICODE_GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_SIGMA 0x03C3
235 #define EBCDIC_LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S 0x0059
237 #define UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT 0x0001
238 #define UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH 0x0002
239 #define UNI_DISPLAY_QQ (UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT|UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH)
240 #define UNI_DISPLAY_REGEX (UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT|UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH)
243 # define ANYOF_FOLD_SHARP_S(node, input, end) \
244 (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(node, EBCDIC_LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S) && \
245 (ANYOF_FLAGS(node) & ANYOF_UNICODE) && \
246 (ANYOF_FLAGS(node) & ANYOF_FOLD) && \
247 ((end) > (input) + 1) && \
248 toLOWER((input)[0]) == 's' && \
249 toLOWER((input)[1]) == 's')
251 # define ANYOF_FOLD_SHARP_S(node, input, end) \
252 (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(node, UNICODE_LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S) && \
253 (ANYOF_FLAGS(node) & ANYOF_UNICODE) && \
254 (ANYOF_FLAGS(node) & ANYOF_FOLD) && \
255 ((end) > (input) + 1) && \
256 toLOWER((input)[0]) == 's' && \
257 toLOWER((input)[1]) == 's')
259 #define SHARP_S_SKIP 2
261 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR_1(p) \
263 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR_2(p) \
264 ((p)[0] >= 0xC2 && (p)[0] <= 0xDF && \
265 (p)[1] >= 0x80 && (p)[1] <= 0xBF)
266 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR_3a(p) \
268 (p)[1] >= 0xA0 && (p)[1] <= 0xBF && \
269 (p)[2] >= 0x80 && (p)[2] <= 0xBF)
270 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR_3b(p) \
271 ((p)[0] >= 0xE1 && (p)[0] <= 0xEC && \
272 (p)[1] >= 0x80 && (p)[1] <= 0xBF && \
273 (p)[2] >= 0x80 && (p)[2] <= 0xBF)
274 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR_3c(p) \
276 (p)[1] >= 0x80 && (p)[1] <= 0xBF && \
277 (p)[2] >= 0x80 && (p)[2] <= 0xBF)
278 /* In IS_UTF8_CHAR_3c(p) one could use
279 * (p)[1] >= 0x80 && (p)[1] <= 0x9F
280 * if one wanted to exclude surrogates. */
281 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR_3d(p) \
282 ((p)[0] >= 0xEE && (p)[0] <= 0xEF && \
283 (p)[1] >= 0x80 && (p)[1] <= 0xBF && \
284 (p)[2] >= 0x80 && (p)[2] <= 0xBF)
285 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR_4a(p) \
287 (p)[1] >= 0x90 && (p)[1] <= 0xBF && \
288 (p)[2] >= 0x80 && (p)[2] <= 0xBF && \
289 (p)[3] >= 0x80 && (p)[3] <= 0xBF)
290 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR_4b(p) \
291 ((p)[0] >= 0xF1 && (p)[0] <= 0xF3 && \
292 (p)[1] >= 0x80 && (p)[1] <= 0xBF && \
293 (p)[2] >= 0x80 && (p)[2] <= 0xBF && \
294 (p)[3] >= 0x80 && (p)[3] <= 0xBF)
295 /* In IS_UTF8_CHAR_4c(p) one could use
297 * if one wanted to stop at the Unicode limit U+10FFFF.
298 * The 0xF7 allows us to go to 0x1fffff (0x200000 would
299 * require five bytes). Not doing any further code points
300 * since that is not needed (and that would not be strict
301 * UTF-8, anyway). The "slow path" in Perl_is_utf8_char()
302 * will take care of the "extended UTF-8". */
303 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR_4c(p) \
304 ((p)[0] == 0xF4 && (p)[0] <= 0xF7 && \
305 (p)[1] >= 0x80 && (p)[1] <= 0xBF && \
306 (p)[2] >= 0x80 && (p)[2] <= 0xBF && \
307 (p)[3] >= 0x80 && (p)[3] <= 0xBF)
309 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR_3(p) \
310 (IS_UTF8_CHAR_3a(p) || \
311 IS_UTF8_CHAR_3b(p) || \
312 IS_UTF8_CHAR_3c(p) || \
314 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR_4(p) \
315 (IS_UTF8_CHAR_4a(p) || \
316 IS_UTF8_CHAR_4b(p) || \
319 /* IS_UTF8_CHAR(p) is strictly speaking wrong (not UTF-8) because it
320 * (1) allows UTF-8 encoded UTF-16 surrogates
321 * (2) it allows code points past U+10FFFF.
322 * The Perl_is_utf8_char() full "slow" code will handle the Perl
323 * "extended UTF-8". */
324 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR(p, n) \
325 ((n) == 1 ? IS_UTF8_CHAR_1(p) : \
326 (n) == 2 ? IS_UTF8_CHAR_2(p) : \
327 (n) == 3 ? IS_UTF8_CHAR_3(p) : \
328 (n) == 4 ? IS_UTF8_CHAR_4(p) : 0)
330 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR_FAST(n) ((n) <= 4)