3 * Copyright (c) 1998-2000, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 * 'What a fix!' said Sam. 'That's the one place in all the lands we've ever
12 * heard of that we don't want to see any closer; and that's the one place
13 * we're trying to get to! And that's just where we can't get, nohow.'
15 * 'Well do I understand your speech,' he answered in the same language;
16 * 'yet few strangers do so. Why then do you not speak in the Common Tongue,
17 * as is the custom in the West, if you wish to be answered?'
19 * ...the travellers perceived that the floor was paved with stones of many
20 * hues; branching runes and strange devices intertwined beneath their feet.
24 #define PERL_IN_UTF8_C
30 Perl_uv_to_utf8(pTHX_ U8 *d, UV uv)
37 *d++ = (( uv >> 6) | 0xc0);
38 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
42 *d++ = (( uv >> 12) | 0xe0);
43 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
44 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
48 *d++ = (( uv >> 18) | 0xf0);
49 *d++ = (((uv >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
50 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
51 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
55 *d++ = (( uv >> 24) | 0xf8);
56 *d++ = (((uv >> 18) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
57 *d++ = (((uv >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
58 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
59 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
62 if (uv < 0x80000000) {
63 *d++ = (( uv >> 30) | 0xfc);
64 *d++ = (((uv >> 24) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
65 *d++ = (((uv >> 18) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
66 *d++ = (((uv >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
67 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
68 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
72 if (uv < 0x1000000000LL)
75 *d++ = 0xfe; /* Can't match U+FEFF! */
76 *d++ = (((uv >> 30) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
77 *d++ = (((uv >> 24) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
78 *d++ = (((uv >> 18) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
79 *d++ = (((uv >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
80 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
81 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
86 *d++ = 0xff; /* Can't match U+FFFE! */
87 *d++ = 0x80; /* 6 Reserved bits */
88 *d++ = (((uv >> 60) & 0x0f) | 0x80); /* 2 Reserved bits */
89 *d++ = (((uv >> 54) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
90 *d++ = (((uv >> 48) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
91 *d++ = (((uv >> 42) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
92 *d++ = (((uv >> 36) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
93 *d++ = (((uv >> 30) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
94 *d++ = (((uv >> 24) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
95 *d++ = (((uv >> 18) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
96 *d++ = (((uv >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
97 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
98 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
104 /* Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8 character.
105 * The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character will be returned if it
106 * is valid, otherwise 0. */
108 Perl_is_utf8_char(pTHX_ U8 *s)
119 if (!(u & 0x20)) { len = 2; }
120 else if (!(u & 0x10)) { len = 3; }
121 else if (!(u & 0x08)) { len = 4; }
122 else if (!(u & 0x04)) { len = 5; }
123 else if (!(u & 0x02)) { len = 6; }
124 else if (!(u & 0x01)) { len = 7; }
125 else { len = 13; } /* whoa! */
130 if ((*s & 0xc0) != 0x80)
138 Perl_utf8_to_uv(pTHX_ U8* s, I32* retlen)
149 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_UTF8))
150 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UTF8, "Malformed UTF-8 character");
156 if (!(uv & 0x20)) { len = 2; uv &= 0x1f; }
157 else if (!(uv & 0x10)) { len = 3; uv &= 0x0f; }
158 else if (!(uv & 0x08)) { len = 4; uv &= 0x07; }
159 else if (!(uv & 0x04)) { len = 5; uv &= 0x03; }
160 else if (!(uv & 0x02)) { len = 6; uv &= 0x01; }
161 else if (!(uv & 0x01)) { len = 7; uv = 0; }
162 else { len = 13; uv = 0; } /* whoa! */
169 if ((*s & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
171 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_UTF8))
172 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UTF8, "Malformed UTF-8 character");
178 uv = (uv << 6) | (*s++ & 0x3f);
183 /* utf8_distance(a,b) is intended to be a - b in pointer arithmetic */
186 Perl_utf8_distance(pTHX_ U8 *a, U8 *b)
204 /* WARNING: do not use the following unless you *know* off is within bounds */
207 Perl_utf8_hop(pTHX_ U8 *s, I32 off)
217 while ((*s & 0xc0) == 0x80)
226 =for apidoc Am|U8 *|utf8_to_bytes|U8 *s|STRLEN len
228 Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into ASCII encoding.
229 Unlike C<bytes_to_utf8>, this over-writes the original string.
235 Perl_utf8_to_bytes(pTHX_ U8* s, STRLEN len)
249 UV uv = utf8_to_uv(s, &ulen);
259 =for apidoc Am|U8 *|bytes_to_utf8|U8 *s|STRLEN len
261 Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
262 Returns a pointer to the newly-created string.
268 Perl_bytes_to_utf8(pTHX_ U8* s, STRLEN len)
276 Newz(801, d, len * 2 + 1, U8);
284 *d++ = (( uv >> 6) | 0xc0);
285 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
292 /* XXX NOTHING CALLS THE FOLLOWING TWO ROUTINES YET!!! */
294 * Convert native or reversed UTF-16 to UTF-8.
296 * Destination must be pre-extended to 3/2 source. Do not use in-place.
297 * We optimize for native, for obvious reasons. */
300 Perl_utf16_to_utf8(pTHX_ U16* p, U8* d, I32 bytelen)
302 U16* pend = p + bytelen / 2;
310 *d++ = (( uv >> 6) | 0xc0);
311 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
314 if (uv >= 0xd800 && uv < 0xdbff) { /* surrogates */
317 if (low < 0xdc00 || low >= 0xdfff) {
318 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_UTF8))
319 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UTF8, "Malformed UTF-16 surrogate");
323 uv = ((uv - 0xd800) << 10) + (low - 0xdc00) + 0x10000;
326 *d++ = (( uv >> 12) | 0xe0);
327 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
328 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
332 *d++ = (( uv >> 18) | 0xf0);
333 *d++ = (((uv >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
334 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
335 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
342 /* Note: this one is slightly destructive of the source. */
345 Perl_utf16_to_utf8_reversed(pTHX_ U16* p, U8* d, I32 bytelen)
348 U8* send = s + bytelen;
355 return utf16_to_utf8(p, d, bytelen);
358 /* for now these are all defined (inefficiently) in terms of the utf8 versions */
361 Perl_is_uni_alnum(pTHX_ U32 c)
363 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
364 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
365 return is_utf8_alnum(tmpbuf);
369 Perl_is_uni_alnumc(pTHX_ U32 c)
371 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
372 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
373 return is_utf8_alnumc(tmpbuf);
377 Perl_is_uni_idfirst(pTHX_ U32 c)
379 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
380 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
381 return is_utf8_idfirst(tmpbuf);
385 Perl_is_uni_alpha(pTHX_ U32 c)
387 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
388 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
389 return is_utf8_alpha(tmpbuf);
393 Perl_is_uni_ascii(pTHX_ U32 c)
395 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
396 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
397 return is_utf8_ascii(tmpbuf);
401 Perl_is_uni_space(pTHX_ U32 c)
403 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
404 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
405 return is_utf8_space(tmpbuf);
409 Perl_is_uni_digit(pTHX_ U32 c)
411 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
412 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
413 return is_utf8_digit(tmpbuf);
417 Perl_is_uni_upper(pTHX_ U32 c)
419 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
420 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
421 return is_utf8_upper(tmpbuf);
425 Perl_is_uni_lower(pTHX_ U32 c)
427 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
428 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
429 return is_utf8_lower(tmpbuf);
433 Perl_is_uni_cntrl(pTHX_ U32 c)
435 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
436 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
437 return is_utf8_cntrl(tmpbuf);
441 Perl_is_uni_graph(pTHX_ U32 c)
443 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
444 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
445 return is_utf8_graph(tmpbuf);
449 Perl_is_uni_print(pTHX_ U32 c)
451 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
452 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
453 return is_utf8_print(tmpbuf);
457 Perl_is_uni_punct(pTHX_ U32 c)
459 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
460 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
461 return is_utf8_punct(tmpbuf);
465 Perl_is_uni_xdigit(pTHX_ U32 c)
467 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
468 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
469 return is_utf8_xdigit(tmpbuf);
473 Perl_to_uni_upper(pTHX_ U32 c)
475 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
476 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
477 return to_utf8_upper(tmpbuf);
481 Perl_to_uni_title(pTHX_ U32 c)
483 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
484 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
485 return to_utf8_title(tmpbuf);
489 Perl_to_uni_lower(pTHX_ U32 c)
491 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
492 uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
493 return to_utf8_lower(tmpbuf);
496 /* for now these all assume no locale info available for Unicode > 255 */
499 Perl_is_uni_alnum_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
501 return is_uni_alnum(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
505 Perl_is_uni_alnumc_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
507 return is_uni_alnumc(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
511 Perl_is_uni_idfirst_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
513 return is_uni_idfirst(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
517 Perl_is_uni_alpha_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
519 return is_uni_alpha(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
523 Perl_is_uni_ascii_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
525 return is_uni_ascii(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
529 Perl_is_uni_space_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
531 return is_uni_space(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
535 Perl_is_uni_digit_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
537 return is_uni_digit(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
541 Perl_is_uni_upper_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
543 return is_uni_upper(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
547 Perl_is_uni_lower_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
549 return is_uni_lower(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
553 Perl_is_uni_cntrl_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
555 return is_uni_cntrl(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
559 Perl_is_uni_graph_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
561 return is_uni_graph(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
565 Perl_is_uni_print_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
567 return is_uni_print(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
571 Perl_is_uni_punct_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
573 return is_uni_punct(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
577 Perl_is_uni_xdigit_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
579 return is_uni_xdigit(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
583 Perl_to_uni_upper_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
585 return to_uni_upper(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
589 Perl_to_uni_title_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
591 return to_uni_title(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
595 Perl_to_uni_lower_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
597 return to_uni_lower(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
601 Perl_is_utf8_alnum(pTHX_ U8 *p)
603 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
606 PL_utf8_alnum = swash_init("utf8", "IsAlnum", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
607 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_alnum, p);
608 /* return *p == '_' || is_utf8_alpha(p) || is_utf8_digit(p); */
609 #ifdef SURPRISINGLY_SLOWER /* probably because alpha is usually true */
611 PL_utf8_alnum = swash_init("utf8", "",
612 sv_2mortal(newSVpv("+utf8::IsAlpha\n+utf8::IsDigit\n005F\n",0)), 0, 0);
613 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_alnum, p);
618 Perl_is_utf8_alnumc(pTHX_ U8 *p)
620 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
623 PL_utf8_alnum = swash_init("utf8", "IsAlnumC", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
624 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_alnum, p);
625 /* return is_utf8_alpha(p) || is_utf8_digit(p); */
626 #ifdef SURPRISINGLY_SLOWER /* probably because alpha is usually true */
628 PL_utf8_alnum = swash_init("utf8", "",
629 sv_2mortal(newSVpv("+utf8::IsAlpha\n+utf8::IsDigit\n005F\n",0)), 0, 0);
630 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_alnum, p);
635 Perl_is_utf8_idfirst(pTHX_ U8 *p)
637 return *p == '_' || is_utf8_alpha(p);
641 Perl_is_utf8_alpha(pTHX_ U8 *p)
643 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
646 PL_utf8_alpha = swash_init("utf8", "IsAlpha", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
647 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_alpha, p);
651 Perl_is_utf8_ascii(pTHX_ U8 *p)
653 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
656 PL_utf8_ascii = swash_init("utf8", "IsAscii", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
657 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_ascii, p);
661 Perl_is_utf8_space(pTHX_ U8 *p)
663 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
666 PL_utf8_space = swash_init("utf8", "IsSpace", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
667 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_space, p);
671 Perl_is_utf8_digit(pTHX_ U8 *p)
673 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
676 PL_utf8_digit = swash_init("utf8", "IsDigit", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
677 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_digit, p);
681 Perl_is_utf8_upper(pTHX_ U8 *p)
683 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
686 PL_utf8_upper = swash_init("utf8", "IsUpper", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
687 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_upper, p);
691 Perl_is_utf8_lower(pTHX_ U8 *p)
693 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
696 PL_utf8_lower = swash_init("utf8", "IsLower", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
697 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_lower, p);
701 Perl_is_utf8_cntrl(pTHX_ U8 *p)
703 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
706 PL_utf8_cntrl = swash_init("utf8", "IsCntrl", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
707 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_cntrl, p);
711 Perl_is_utf8_graph(pTHX_ U8 *p)
713 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
716 PL_utf8_graph = swash_init("utf8", "IsGraph", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
717 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_graph, p);
721 Perl_is_utf8_print(pTHX_ U8 *p)
723 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
726 PL_utf8_print = swash_init("utf8", "IsPrint", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
727 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_print, p);
731 Perl_is_utf8_punct(pTHX_ U8 *p)
733 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
736 PL_utf8_punct = swash_init("utf8", "IsPunct", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
737 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_punct, p);
741 Perl_is_utf8_xdigit(pTHX_ U8 *p)
743 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
746 PL_utf8_xdigit = swash_init("utf8", "IsXDigit", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
747 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_xdigit, p);
751 Perl_is_utf8_mark(pTHX_ U8 *p)
753 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
756 PL_utf8_mark = swash_init("utf8", "IsM", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
757 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_mark, p);
761 Perl_to_utf8_upper(pTHX_ U8 *p)
765 if (!PL_utf8_toupper)
766 PL_utf8_toupper = swash_init("utf8", "ToUpper", &PL_sv_undef, 4, 0);
767 uv = swash_fetch(PL_utf8_toupper, p);
768 return uv ? uv : utf8_to_uv(p,0);
772 Perl_to_utf8_title(pTHX_ U8 *p)
776 if (!PL_utf8_totitle)
777 PL_utf8_totitle = swash_init("utf8", "ToTitle", &PL_sv_undef, 4, 0);
778 uv = swash_fetch(PL_utf8_totitle, p);
779 return uv ? uv : utf8_to_uv(p,0);
783 Perl_to_utf8_lower(pTHX_ U8 *p)
787 if (!PL_utf8_tolower)
788 PL_utf8_tolower = swash_init("utf8", "ToLower", &PL_sv_undef, 4, 0);
789 uv = swash_fetch(PL_utf8_tolower, p);
790 return uv ? uv : utf8_to_uv(p,0);
793 /* a "swash" is a swatch hash */
796 Perl_swash_init(pTHX_ char* pkg, char* name, SV *listsv, I32 minbits, I32 none)
802 if (!gv_stashpv(pkg, 0)) { /* demand load utf8 */
804 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, newSVpv(pkg,0), Nullsv);
808 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
811 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(pkg, strlen(pkg))));
812 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(name, strlen(name))));
814 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(minbits)));
815 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(none)));
821 if (PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) /* XXX ought to be handled by lex_start */
822 strncpy(tmpbuf, PL_tokenbuf, sizeof tmpbuf);
823 if (call_method("SWASHNEW", G_SCALAR))
824 retval = newSVsv(*PL_stack_sp--);
826 retval = &PL_sv_undef;
829 if (PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
830 strncpy(PL_tokenbuf, tmpbuf, sizeof tmpbuf);
831 PL_curcop->op_private = PL_hints;
833 if (!SvROK(retval) || SvTYPE(SvRV(retval)) != SVt_PVHV)
834 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "SWASHNEW didn't return an HV ref");
839 Perl_swash_fetch(pTHX_ SV *sv, U8 *ptr)
841 HV* hv = (HV*)SvRV(sv);
842 U32 klen = UTF8SKIP(ptr) - 1;
843 U32 off = ptr[klen] & 127; /* NB: 64 bit always 0 when len > 1 */
845 STRLEN needents = (klen ? 64 : 128);
851 * This single-entry cache saves about 1/3 of the utf8 overhead in test
852 * suite. (That is, only 7-8% overall over just a hash cache. Still,
853 * it's nothing to sniff at.) Pity we usually come through at least
854 * two function calls to get here...
856 * NB: this code assumes that swatches are never modified, once generated!
859 if (hv == PL_last_swash_hv &&
860 klen == PL_last_swash_klen &&
861 (!klen || memEQ((char *)ptr,(char *)PL_last_swash_key,klen)) )
863 tmps = PL_last_swash_tmps;
864 slen = PL_last_swash_slen;
867 /* Try our second-level swatch cache, kept in a hash. */
868 SV** svp = hv_fetch(hv, (char*)ptr, klen, FALSE);
870 /* If not cached, generate it via utf8::SWASHGET */
871 if (!svp || !SvPOK(*svp) || !(tmps = (U8*)SvPV(*svp, slen))) {
876 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
880 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(utf8_to_uv(ptr, 0) & ~(needents - 1))));
881 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(needents)));
883 if (call_method("SWASHGET", G_SCALAR))
884 retval = newSVsv(*PL_stack_sp--);
886 retval = &PL_sv_undef;
890 if (PL_curcop == &PL_compiling)
891 PL_curcop->op_private = PL_hints;
893 svp = hv_store(hv, (char*)ptr, klen, retval, 0);
895 if (!svp || !(tmps = (U8*)SvPV(*svp, slen)) || slen < 8)
896 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "SWASHGET didn't return result of proper length");
899 PL_last_swash_hv = hv;
900 PL_last_swash_klen = klen;
901 PL_last_swash_tmps = tmps;
902 PL_last_swash_slen = slen;
904 Copy(ptr, PL_last_swash_key, klen, U8);
907 switch ((slen << 3) / needents) {
909 bit = 1 << (off & 7);
911 return (tmps[off] & bit) != 0;
916 return (tmps[off] << 8) + tmps[off + 1] ;
919 return (tmps[off] << 24) + (tmps[off+1] << 16) + (tmps[off+2] << 8) + tmps[off + 3] ;
921 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: swash_fetch");