3 * Copyright (c) 1998-2001, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 * 'What a fix!' said Sam. 'That's the one place in all the lands we've ever
12 * heard of that we don't want to see any closer; and that's the one place
13 * we're trying to get to! And that's just where we can't get, nohow.'
15 * 'Well do I understand your speech,' he answered in the same language;
16 * 'yet few strangers do so. Why then do you not speak in the Common Tongue,
17 * as is the custom in the West, if you wish to be answered?'
19 * ...the travellers perceived that the floor was paved with stones of many
20 * hues; branching runes and strange devices intertwined beneath their feet.
24 #define PERL_IN_UTF8_C
30 =for apidoc A|U8 *|uvuni_to_utf8|U8 *d|UV uv
32 Adds the UTF8 representation of the Unicode codepoint C<uv> to the end
33 of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
34 bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
35 end of the new character. In other words,
37 d = uvuni_to_utf8(d, uv);
39 is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
47 Perl_uvuni_to_utf8(pTHX_ U8 *d, UV uv)
49 if (UNI_IS_INVARIANT(uv)) {
50 *d++ = UTF_TO_NATIVE(uv);
53 #if defined(EBCDIC) || 1 /* always for testing */
55 STRLEN len = UNISKIP(uv);
58 *p-- = UTF_TO_NATIVE((uv & UTF_CONTINUATION_MASK) | UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK);
59 uv >>= UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT;
61 *p = UTF_TO_NATIVE((uv & UTF_START_MASK(len)) | UTF_START_MARK(len));
64 #else /* Non loop style */
66 *d++ = (( uv >> 6) | 0xc0);
67 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
71 *d++ = (( uv >> 12) | 0xe0);
72 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
73 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
77 *d++ = (( uv >> 18) | 0xf0);
78 *d++ = (((uv >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
79 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
80 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
84 *d++ = (( uv >> 24) | 0xf8);
85 *d++ = (((uv >> 18) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
86 *d++ = (((uv >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
87 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
88 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
91 if (uv < 0x80000000) {
92 *d++ = (( uv >> 30) | 0xfc);
93 *d++ = (((uv >> 24) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
94 *d++ = (((uv >> 18) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
95 *d++ = (((uv >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
96 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
97 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
101 if (uv < UTF8_QUAD_MAX)
104 *d++ = 0xfe; /* Can't match U+FEFF! */
105 *d++ = (((uv >> 30) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
106 *d++ = (((uv >> 24) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
107 *d++ = (((uv >> 18) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
108 *d++ = (((uv >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
109 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
110 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
115 *d++ = 0xff; /* Can't match U+FFFE! */
116 *d++ = 0x80; /* 6 Reserved bits */
117 *d++ = (((uv >> 60) & 0x0f) | 0x80); /* 2 Reserved bits */
118 *d++ = (((uv >> 54) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
119 *d++ = (((uv >> 48) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
120 *d++ = (((uv >> 42) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
121 *d++ = (((uv >> 36) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
122 *d++ = (((uv >> 30) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
123 *d++ = (((uv >> 24) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
124 *d++ = (((uv >> 18) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
125 *d++ = (((uv >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
126 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
127 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
131 #endif /* Loop style */
137 =for apidoc A|STRLEN|is_utf8_char|U8 *s
139 Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8
140 character. Note that an INVARIANT (i.e. ASCII) character is a valid UTF-8 character.
141 The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character will be returned if
142 it is valid, otherwise 0.
147 Perl_is_utf8_char(pTHX_ U8 *s)
153 if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(u))
156 if (!UTF8_IS_START(u))
161 if (len < 2 || !UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(s[1]))
166 u &= UTF_START_MASK(len);
170 if (!UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*s))
172 uv = UTF8_ACCUMULATE(uv, *s);
179 if (UNISKIP(uv) < len)
186 =for apidoc A|bool|is_utf8_string|U8 *s|STRLEN len
188 Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form a valid UTF8
189 string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid UTF8 string' does not mean
190 'a string that contains UTF8' because a valid ASCII string is a valid
197 Perl_is_utf8_string(pTHX_ U8 *s, STRLEN len)
204 len = strlen((char *)s);
220 =for apidoc A|UV|utf8n_to_uvuni|U8 *s|STRLEN curlen|STRLEN *retlen|U32 flags
222 Bottom level UTF-8 decode routine.
223 Returns the unicode code point value of the first character in the string C<s>
224 which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding and no longer than C<curlen>;
225 C<retlen> will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
227 If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, the behaviour
228 is dependent on the value of C<flags>: if it contains UTF8_CHECK_ONLY,
229 it is assumed that the caller will raise a warning, and this function
230 will silently just set C<retlen> to C<-1> and return zero. If the
231 C<flags> does not contain UTF8_CHECK_ONLY, warnings about
232 malformations will be given, C<retlen> will be set to the expected
233 length of the UTF-8 character in bytes, and zero will be returned.
235 The C<flags> can also contain various flags to allow deviations from
236 the strict UTF-8 encoding (see F<utf8.h>).
238 Most code should use utf8_to_uvchr() rather than call this directly.
244 Perl_utf8n_to_uvuni(pTHX_ U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN *retlen, U32 flags)
248 bool dowarn = ckWARN_d(WARN_UTF8);
249 STRLEN expectlen = 0;
252 /* This list is a superset of the UTF8_ALLOW_XXX. */
254 #define UTF8_WARN_EMPTY 1
255 #define UTF8_WARN_CONTINUATION 2
256 #define UTF8_WARN_NON_CONTINUATION 3
257 #define UTF8_WARN_FE_FF 4
258 #define UTF8_WARN_SHORT 5
259 #define UTF8_WARN_OVERFLOW 6
260 #define UTF8_WARN_SURROGATE 7
261 #define UTF8_WARN_BOM 8
262 #define UTF8_WARN_LONG 9
263 #define UTF8_WARN_FFFF 10
266 !(flags & UTF8_ALLOW_EMPTY)) {
267 warning = UTF8_WARN_EMPTY;
271 if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(uv)) {
274 return (UV) (NATIVE_TO_UTF(*s));
277 if (UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(uv) &&
278 !(flags & UTF8_ALLOW_CONTINUATION)) {
279 warning = UTF8_WARN_CONTINUATION;
283 if (UTF8_IS_START(uv) && curlen > 1 && !UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(s[1]) &&
284 !(flags & UTF8_ALLOW_NON_CONTINUATION)) {
285 warning = UTF8_WARN_NON_CONTINUATION;
290 uv = NATIVE_TO_UTF(uv);
292 if ((uv == 0xfe || uv == 0xff) &&
293 !(flags & UTF8_ALLOW_FE_FF)) {
294 warning = UTF8_WARN_FE_FF;
299 if (!(uv & 0x20)) { len = 2; uv &= 0x1f; }
300 else if (!(uv & 0x10)) { len = 3; uv &= 0x0f; }
301 else if (!(uv & 0x08)) { len = 4; uv &= 0x07; }
302 else if (!(uv & 0x04)) { len = 5; uv &= 0x03; }
304 else if (!(uv & 0x02)) { len = 6; uv &= 0x01; }
305 else { len = 7; uv &= 0x01; }
307 else if (!(uv & 0x02)) { len = 6; uv &= 0x01; }
308 else if (!(uv & 0x01)) { len = 7; uv = 0; }
309 else { len = 13; uv = 0; } /* whoa! */
317 if ((curlen < expectlen) &&
318 !(flags & UTF8_ALLOW_SHORT)) {
319 warning = UTF8_WARN_SHORT;
328 if (!UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*s) &&
329 !(flags & UTF8_ALLOW_NON_CONTINUATION)) {
331 warning = UTF8_WARN_NON_CONTINUATION;
335 uv = UTF8_ACCUMULATE(uv, *s);
337 /* These cannot be allowed. */
339 if (!(flags & UTF8_ALLOW_LONG)) {
340 warning = UTF8_WARN_LONG;
344 else { /* uv < ouv */
345 /* This cannot be allowed. */
346 warning = UTF8_WARN_OVERFLOW;
354 if (UNICODE_IS_SURROGATE(uv) &&
355 !(flags & UTF8_ALLOW_SURROGATE)) {
356 warning = UTF8_WARN_SURROGATE;
358 } else if (UNICODE_IS_BYTE_ORDER_MARK(uv) &&
359 !(flags & UTF8_ALLOW_BOM)) {
360 warning = UTF8_WARN_BOM;
362 } else if ((expectlen > UNISKIP(uv)) &&
363 !(flags & UTF8_ALLOW_LONG)) {
364 warning = UTF8_WARN_LONG;
366 } else if (UNICODE_IS_ILLEGAL(uv) &&
367 !(flags & UTF8_ALLOW_FFFF)) {
368 warning = UTF8_WARN_FFFF;
376 if (flags & UTF8_CHECK_ONLY) {
383 SV* sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpv("Malformed UTF-8 character ", 0));
386 case 0: /* Intentionally empty. */ break;
387 case UTF8_WARN_EMPTY:
388 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "(empty string)");
390 case UTF8_WARN_CONTINUATION:
391 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "(unexpected continuation byte 0x%02"UVxf")", uv);
393 case UTF8_WARN_NON_CONTINUATION:
394 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "(unexpected non-continuation byte 0x%02"UVxf" after start byte 0x%02"UVxf")",
397 case UTF8_WARN_FE_FF:
398 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "(byte 0x%02"UVxf")", uv);
400 case UTF8_WARN_SHORT:
401 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "(%d byte%s, need %d)",
402 curlen, curlen == 1 ? "" : "s", expectlen);
404 case UTF8_WARN_OVERFLOW:
405 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "(overflow at 0x%"UVxf", byte 0x%02x)",
408 case UTF8_WARN_SURROGATE:
409 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "(UTF-16 surrogate 0x%04"UVxf")", uv);
412 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "(byte order mark 0x%04"UVxf")", uv);
415 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "(%d byte%s, need %d)",
416 expectlen, expectlen == 1 ? "": "s", UNISKIP(uv));
419 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "(character 0x%04"UVxf")", uv);
422 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "(unknown reason)");
430 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UTF8,
431 "%s in %s", s, OP_DESC(PL_op));
433 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UTF8, "%s", s);
438 *retlen = expectlen ? expectlen : len;
444 =for apidoc A|UV|utf8_to_uvchr|U8 *s|STRLEN *retlen
446 Returns the native character value of the first character in the string C<s>
447 which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
448 length, in bytes, of that character.
450 If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is
451 returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
457 Perl_utf8_to_uvchr(pTHX_ U8 *s, STRLEN *retlen)
459 return Perl_utf8n_to_uvchr(aTHX_ s, UTF8_MAXLEN, retlen, 0);
463 =for apidoc A|UV|utf8_to_uvuni|U8 *s|STRLEN *retlen
465 Returns the Unicode code point of the first character in the string C<s>
466 which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
467 length, in bytes, of that character.
469 This function should only be used when returned UV is considered
470 an index into the Unicode semantic tables (e.g. swashes).
472 If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is
473 returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
479 Perl_utf8_to_uvuni(pTHX_ U8 *s, STRLEN *retlen)
481 /* Call the low level routine asking for checks */
482 return Perl_utf8n_to_uvuni(aTHX_ s, UTF8_MAXLEN, retlen, 0);
486 =for apidoc A|STRLEN|utf8_length|U8 *s|U8 *e
488 Return the length of the UTF-8 char encoded string C<s> in characters.
489 Stops at C<e> (inclusive). If C<e E<lt> s> or if the scan would end
490 up past C<e>, croaks.
496 Perl_utf8_length(pTHX_ U8 *s, U8 *e)
500 /* Note: cannot use UTF8_IS_...() too eagerly here since e.g.
501 * the bitops (especially ~) can create illegal UTF-8.
502 * In other words: in Perl UTF-8 is not just for Unicode. */
505 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: utf8_length: unexpected end");
510 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: utf8_length: unaligned end");
519 =for apidoc A|IV|utf8_distance|U8 *a|U8 *b
521 Returns the number of UTF8 characters between the UTF-8 pointers C<a>
524 WARNING: use only if you *know* that the pointers point inside the
531 Perl_utf8_distance(pTHX_ U8 *a, U8 *b)
535 /* Note: cannot use UTF8_IS_...() too eagerly here since e.g.
536 * the bitops (especially ~) can create illegal UTF-8.
537 * In other words: in Perl UTF-8 is not just for Unicode. */
544 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: utf8_distance: unaligned end");
554 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: utf8_distance: unaligned end");
564 =for apidoc A|U8 *|utf8_hop|U8 *s|I32 off
566 Return the UTF-8 pointer C<s> displaced by C<off> characters, either
569 WARNING: do not use the following unless you *know* C<off> is within
570 the UTF-8 data pointed to by C<s> *and* that on entry C<s> is aligned
571 on the first byte of character or just after the last byte of a character.
577 Perl_utf8_hop(pTHX_ U8 *s, I32 off)
579 /* Note: cannot use UTF8_IS_...() too eagerly here since e.g
580 * the bitops (especially ~) can create illegal UTF-8.
581 * In other words: in Perl UTF-8 is not just for Unicode. */
590 while (UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*s))
598 =for apidoc A|U8 *|utf8_to_bytes|U8 *s|STRLEN *len
600 Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
601 Unlike C<bytes_to_utf8>, this over-writes the original string, and
602 updates len to contain the new length.
603 Returns zero on failure, setting C<len> to -1.
609 Perl_utf8_to_bytes(pTHX_ U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
615 /* ensure valid UTF8 and chars < 256 before updating string */
616 for (send = s + *len; s < send; ) {
619 if (!UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(c) &&
620 (!UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(c) || (s >= send)
621 || !(c = *s++) || !UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(c))) {
630 *d++ = (U8)utf8_to_uvchr(s, &ulen);
639 =for apidoc A|U8 *|bytes_from_utf8|U8 *s|STRLEN *len|bool *is_utf8
641 Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
642 Unlike <utf8_to_bytes> but like C<bytes_to_utf8>, returns a pointer to
643 the newly-created string, and updates C<len> to contain the new
644 length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, C<len>
645 is unchanged. Do nothing if C<is_utf8> points to 0. Sets C<is_utf8> to
646 0 if C<s> is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
652 Perl_bytes_from_utf8(pTHX_ U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
662 /* ensure valid UTF8 and chars < 256 before converting string */
663 for (send = s + *len; s < send;) {
665 if (!UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(c)) {
666 if (UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(c) && s < send &&
667 (c = *s++) && UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(c))
676 Newz(801, d, (*len) - count + 1, U8);
677 s = start; start = d;
680 if (!UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(c)) {
681 /* Then it is two-byte encoded */
682 c = UTF8_ACCUMULATE(NATIVE_TO_UTF(c), *s++);
683 c = ASCII_TO_NATIVE(c);
693 =for apidoc A|U8 *|bytes_to_utf8|U8 *s|STRLEN *len
695 Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
696 Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
697 reflect the new length.
703 Perl_bytes_to_utf8(pTHX_ U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
710 Newz(801, d, (*len) * 2 + 1, U8);
714 UV uv = NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*s++);
715 if (UNI_IS_INVARIANT(uv))
716 *d++ = UTF_TO_NATIVE(uv);
718 *d++ = UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(uv);
719 *d++ = UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(uv);
728 * Convert native (big-endian) or reversed (little-endian) UTF-16 to UTF-8.
730 * Destination must be pre-extended to 3/2 source. Do not use in-place.
731 * We optimize for native, for obvious reasons. */
734 Perl_utf16_to_utf8(pTHX_ U8* p, U8* d, I32 bytelen, I32 *newlen)
740 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen");
745 UV uv = (p[0] << 8) + p[1]; /* UTF-16BE */
752 *d++ = (( uv >> 6) | 0xc0);
753 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
756 if (uv >= 0xd800 && uv < 0xdbff) { /* surrogates */
758 if (low < 0xdc00 || low >= 0xdfff)
759 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-16 surrogate");
760 uv = ((uv - 0xd800) << 10) + (low - 0xdc00) + 0x10000;
763 *d++ = (( uv >> 12) | 0xe0);
764 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
765 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
769 *d++ = (( uv >> 18) | 0xf0);
770 *d++ = (((uv >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
771 *d++ = (((uv >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
772 *d++ = (( uv & 0x3f) | 0x80);
776 *newlen = d - dstart;
780 /* Note: this one is slightly destructive of the source. */
783 Perl_utf16_to_utf8_reversed(pTHX_ U8* p, U8* d, I32 bytelen, I32 *newlen)
786 U8* send = s + bytelen;
793 return utf16_to_utf8(p, d, bytelen, newlen);
796 /* for now these are all defined (inefficiently) in terms of the utf8 versions */
799 Perl_is_uni_alnum(pTHX_ U32 c)
801 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
802 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
803 return is_utf8_alnum(tmpbuf);
807 Perl_is_uni_alnumc(pTHX_ U32 c)
809 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
810 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
811 return is_utf8_alnumc(tmpbuf);
815 Perl_is_uni_idfirst(pTHX_ U32 c)
817 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
818 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
819 return is_utf8_idfirst(tmpbuf);
823 Perl_is_uni_alpha(pTHX_ U32 c)
825 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
826 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
827 return is_utf8_alpha(tmpbuf);
831 Perl_is_uni_ascii(pTHX_ U32 c)
833 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
834 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
835 return is_utf8_ascii(tmpbuf);
839 Perl_is_uni_space(pTHX_ U32 c)
841 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
842 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
843 return is_utf8_space(tmpbuf);
847 Perl_is_uni_digit(pTHX_ U32 c)
849 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
850 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
851 return is_utf8_digit(tmpbuf);
855 Perl_is_uni_upper(pTHX_ U32 c)
857 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
858 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
859 return is_utf8_upper(tmpbuf);
863 Perl_is_uni_lower(pTHX_ U32 c)
865 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
866 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
867 return is_utf8_lower(tmpbuf);
871 Perl_is_uni_cntrl(pTHX_ U32 c)
873 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
874 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
875 return is_utf8_cntrl(tmpbuf);
879 Perl_is_uni_graph(pTHX_ U32 c)
881 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
882 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
883 return is_utf8_graph(tmpbuf);
887 Perl_is_uni_print(pTHX_ U32 c)
889 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
890 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
891 return is_utf8_print(tmpbuf);
895 Perl_is_uni_punct(pTHX_ U32 c)
897 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
898 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
899 return is_utf8_punct(tmpbuf);
903 Perl_is_uni_xdigit(pTHX_ U32 c)
905 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
906 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
907 return is_utf8_xdigit(tmpbuf);
911 Perl_to_uni_upper(pTHX_ U32 c, U8* p, STRLEN *lenp)
913 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
914 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
915 return to_utf8_upper(tmpbuf, p, lenp);
919 Perl_to_uni_title(pTHX_ U32 c, U8* p, STRLEN *lenp)
921 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
922 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
923 return to_utf8_title(tmpbuf, p, lenp);
927 Perl_to_uni_lower(pTHX_ U32 c, U8* p, STRLEN *lenp)
929 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
930 uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, (UV)c);
931 return to_utf8_lower(tmpbuf, p, lenp);
934 /* for now these all assume no locale info available for Unicode > 255 */
937 Perl_is_uni_alnum_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
939 return is_uni_alnum(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
943 Perl_is_uni_alnumc_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
945 return is_uni_alnumc(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
949 Perl_is_uni_idfirst_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
951 return is_uni_idfirst(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
955 Perl_is_uni_alpha_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
957 return is_uni_alpha(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
961 Perl_is_uni_ascii_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
963 return is_uni_ascii(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
967 Perl_is_uni_space_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
969 return is_uni_space(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
973 Perl_is_uni_digit_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
975 return is_uni_digit(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
979 Perl_is_uni_upper_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
981 return is_uni_upper(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
985 Perl_is_uni_lower_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
987 return is_uni_lower(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
991 Perl_is_uni_cntrl_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
993 return is_uni_cntrl(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
997 Perl_is_uni_graph_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
999 return is_uni_graph(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
1003 Perl_is_uni_print_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
1005 return is_uni_print(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
1009 Perl_is_uni_punct_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
1011 return is_uni_punct(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
1015 Perl_is_uni_xdigit_lc(pTHX_ U32 c)
1017 return is_uni_xdigit(c); /* XXX no locale support yet */
1021 Perl_is_utf8_alnum(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1023 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1026 /* NOTE: "IsWord", not "IsAlnum", since Alnum is a true
1027 * descendant of isalnum(3), in other words, it doesn't
1028 * contain the '_'. --jhi */
1029 PL_utf8_alnum = swash_init("utf8", "IsWord", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1030 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_alnum, p, TRUE);
1031 /* return *p == '_' || is_utf8_alpha(p) || is_utf8_digit(p); */
1032 #ifdef SURPRISINGLY_SLOWER /* probably because alpha is usually true */
1034 PL_utf8_alnum = swash_init("utf8", "",
1035 sv_2mortal(newSVpv("+utf8::IsAlpha\n+utf8::IsDigit\n005F\n",0)), 0, 0);
1036 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_alnum, p, TRUE);
1041 Perl_is_utf8_alnumc(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1043 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1046 PL_utf8_alnum = swash_init("utf8", "IsAlnumC", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1047 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_alnum, p, TRUE);
1048 /* return is_utf8_alpha(p) || is_utf8_digit(p); */
1049 #ifdef SURPRISINGLY_SLOWER /* probably because alpha is usually true */
1051 PL_utf8_alnum = swash_init("utf8", "",
1052 sv_2mortal(newSVpv("+utf8::IsAlpha\n+utf8::IsDigit\n005F\n",0)), 0, 0);
1053 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_alnum, p, TRUE);
1058 Perl_is_utf8_idfirst(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1060 return *p == '_' || is_utf8_alpha(p);
1064 Perl_is_utf8_alpha(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1066 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1069 PL_utf8_alpha = swash_init("utf8", "IsAlpha", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1070 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_alpha, p, TRUE);
1074 Perl_is_utf8_ascii(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1076 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1079 PL_utf8_ascii = swash_init("utf8", "IsAscii", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1080 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_ascii, p, TRUE);
1084 Perl_is_utf8_space(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1086 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1089 PL_utf8_space = swash_init("utf8", "IsSpacePerl", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1090 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_space, p, TRUE);
1094 Perl_is_utf8_digit(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1096 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1099 PL_utf8_digit = swash_init("utf8", "IsDigit", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1100 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_digit, p, TRUE);
1104 Perl_is_utf8_upper(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1106 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1109 PL_utf8_upper = swash_init("utf8", "IsUpper", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1110 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_upper, p, TRUE);
1114 Perl_is_utf8_lower(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1116 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1119 PL_utf8_lower = swash_init("utf8", "IsLower", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1120 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_lower, p, TRUE);
1124 Perl_is_utf8_cntrl(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1126 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1129 PL_utf8_cntrl = swash_init("utf8", "IsCntrl", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1130 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_cntrl, p, TRUE);
1134 Perl_is_utf8_graph(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1136 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1139 PL_utf8_graph = swash_init("utf8", "IsGraph", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1140 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_graph, p, TRUE);
1144 Perl_is_utf8_print(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1146 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1149 PL_utf8_print = swash_init("utf8", "IsPrint", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1150 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_print, p, TRUE);
1154 Perl_is_utf8_punct(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1156 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1159 PL_utf8_punct = swash_init("utf8", "IsPunct", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1160 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_punct, p, TRUE);
1164 Perl_is_utf8_xdigit(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1166 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1168 if (!PL_utf8_xdigit)
1169 PL_utf8_xdigit = swash_init("utf8", "IsXDigit", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1170 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_xdigit, p, TRUE);
1174 Perl_is_utf8_mark(pTHX_ U8 *p)
1176 if (!is_utf8_char(p))
1179 PL_utf8_mark = swash_init("utf8", "IsM", &PL_sv_undef, 0, 0);
1180 return swash_fetch(PL_utf8_mark, p, TRUE);
1184 =for apidoc A|UV|to_utf8_case|U8 *p|U8* ustrp|STRLEN *lenp|SV **swash|char *normal|char *special
1186 The "p" contains the pointer to the UTF-8 string encoding
1187 the character that is being converted.
1189 The "ustrp" is a pointer to the character buffer to put the
1190 conversion result to. The "lenp" is a pointer to the length
1193 The "swash" is a pointer to the swash to use.
1195 The "normal" is a string like "ToLower" which means the swash
1196 $utf8::ToLower, which is stored in lib/unicore/To/Lower.pl,
1197 and loaded by SWASHGET, using lib/utf8_heavy.pl.
1199 The "special" is a string like "utf8::ToSpecLower", which means
1200 the hash %utf8::ToSpecLower, which is stored in the same file,
1201 lib/unicore/To/Lower.pl, and also loaded by SWASHGET. The access
1202 to the hash is by Perl_to_utf8_case().
1208 Perl_to_utf8_case(pTHX_ U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp, SV **swashp,char *normal, char *special)
1213 *swashp = swash_init("utf8", normal, &PL_sv_undef, 4, 0);
1214 uv = swash_fetch(*swashp, p, TRUE);
1216 uv = UNI_TO_NATIVE(uv);
1222 uv = utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0);
1224 if ((hv = get_hv(special, FALSE)) &&
1225 (keysv = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%04"UVXf, uv))) &&
1226 (he = hv_fetch_ent(hv, keysv, FALSE, 0))) {
1227 SV *val = HeVAL(he);
1228 char *s = SvPV(val, *lenp);
1230 if (*lenp > 1 || UNI_IS_INVARIANT(c))
1231 Copy(s, ustrp, *lenp, U8);
1233 /* something in the 0x80..0xFF range */
1234 ustrp[0] = UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(c);
1235 ustrp[1] = UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(c);
1241 *lenp = UNISKIP(uv);
1242 uvuni_to_utf8(ustrp, uv);
1247 Perl_to_utf8_upper(pTHX_ U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
1249 return Perl_to_utf8_case(aTHX_ p, ustrp, lenp,
1250 &PL_utf8_toupper, "ToUpper", "utf8::ToSpecUpper");
1254 Perl_to_utf8_title(pTHX_ U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
1256 return Perl_to_utf8_case(aTHX_ p, ustrp, lenp,
1257 &PL_utf8_totitle, "ToTitle", "utf8::ToSpecTitle");
1261 Perl_to_utf8_lower(pTHX_ U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
1263 return Perl_to_utf8_case(aTHX_ p, ustrp, lenp,
1264 &PL_utf8_tolower, "ToLower", "utf8::ToSpecLower");
1268 Perl_to_utf8_fold(pTHX_ U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
1270 return Perl_to_utf8_case(aTHX_ p, ustrp, lenp,
1271 &PL_utf8_tofold, "ToFold", "utf8::ToSpecFold");
1274 /* a "swash" is a swatch hash */
1277 Perl_swash_init(pTHX_ char* pkg, char* name, SV *listsv, I32 minbits, I32 none)
1280 SV* tokenbufsv = sv_2mortal(NEWSV(0,0));
1282 HV *stash = gv_stashpvn(pkg, strlen(pkg), FALSE);
1285 if (!gv_fetchmeth(stash, "SWASHNEW", 8, -1)) { /* demand load utf8 */
1287 errsv_save = newSVsv(ERRSV);
1288 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, newSVpv(pkg,0), Nullsv);
1290 sv_setsv(ERRSV, errsv_save);
1291 SvREFCNT_dec(errsv_save);
1295 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1298 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(pkg, strlen(pkg))));
1299 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(name, strlen(name))));
1301 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(minbits)));
1302 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(none)));
1308 if (PL_curcop == &PL_compiling)
1309 /* XXX ought to be handled by lex_start */
1310 sv_setpv(tokenbufsv, PL_tokenbuf);
1311 errsv_save = newSVsv(ERRSV);
1312 if (call_method("SWASHNEW", G_SCALAR))
1313 retval = newSVsv(*PL_stack_sp--);
1315 retval = &PL_sv_undef;
1317 sv_setsv(ERRSV, errsv_save);
1318 SvREFCNT_dec(errsv_save);
1321 if (PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
1323 char* pv = SvPV(tokenbufsv, len);
1325 Copy(pv, PL_tokenbuf, len+1, char);
1326 PL_curcop->op_private = PL_hints;
1328 if (!SvROK(retval) || SvTYPE(SvRV(retval)) != SVt_PVHV)
1329 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "SWASHNEW didn't return an HV ref");
1334 /* This API is wrong for special case conversions since we may need to
1335 * return several Unicode characters for a single Unicode character
1336 * (see lib/unicore/SpecCase.txt) The SWASHGET in lib/utf8_heavy.pl is
1337 * the lower-level routine, and it is similarly broken for returning
1338 * multiple values. --jhi */
1340 Perl_swash_fetch(pTHX_ SV *sv, U8 *ptr, bool do_utf8)
1342 HV* hv = (HV*)SvRV(sv);
1351 UV c = NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*ptr);
1353 if (!do_utf8 && !UNI_IS_INVARIANT(c)) {
1354 tmputf8[0] = UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(c);
1355 tmputf8[1] = UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(c);
1358 /* Given a UTF-X encoded char 0xAA..0xYY,0xZZ
1359 * then the "swatch" is a vec() for al the chars which start
1361 * So the key in the hash (klen) is length of encoded char -1
1363 klen = UTF8SKIP(ptr) - 1;
1368 /* If char in invariant then swatch is for all the invariant chars
1369 * In both UTF-8 and UTF8-MOD that happens to be UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK
1371 needents = UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK;
1372 off = NATIVE_TO_UTF(ptr[klen]);
1376 /* If char is encoded then swatch is for the prefix */
1377 needents = (1 << UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT);
1378 off = NATIVE_TO_UTF(ptr[klen]) & UTF_CONTINUATION_MASK;
1382 * This single-entry cache saves about 1/3 of the utf8 overhead in test
1383 * suite. (That is, only 7-8% overall over just a hash cache. Still,
1384 * it's nothing to sniff at.) Pity we usually come through at least
1385 * two function calls to get here...
1387 * NB: this code assumes that swatches are never modified, once generated!
1390 if (hv == PL_last_swash_hv &&
1391 klen == PL_last_swash_klen &&
1392 (!klen || memEQ((char *)ptr, (char *)PL_last_swash_key, klen)) )
1394 tmps = PL_last_swash_tmps;
1395 slen = PL_last_swash_slen;
1398 /* Try our second-level swatch cache, kept in a hash. */
1399 SV** svp = hv_fetch(hv, (char*)ptr, klen, FALSE);
1401 /* If not cached, generate it via utf8::SWASHGET */
1402 if (!svp || !SvPOK(*svp) || !(tmps = (U8*)SvPV(*svp, slen))) {
1404 /* We use utf8n_to_uvuni() as we want an index into
1405 Unicode tables, not a native character number.
1407 UV code_point = utf8n_to_uvuni(ptr, UTF8_MAXLEN, NULL, 0);
1412 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1416 /* On EBCDIC & ~(0xA0-1) isn't a useful thing to do */
1417 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv((klen) ?
1418 (code_point & ~(needents - 1)) : 0)));
1419 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(needents)));
1421 errsv_save = newSVsv(ERRSV);
1422 if (call_method("SWASHGET", G_SCALAR))
1423 retval = newSVsv(*PL_stack_sp--);
1425 retval = &PL_sv_undef;
1427 sv_setsv(ERRSV, errsv_save);
1428 SvREFCNT_dec(errsv_save);
1432 if (PL_curcop == &PL_compiling)
1433 PL_curcop->op_private = PL_hints;
1435 svp = hv_store(hv, (char*)ptr, klen, retval, 0);
1437 if (!svp || !(tmps = (U8*)SvPV(*svp, slen)) || (slen << 3) < needents)
1438 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "SWASHGET didn't return result of proper length");
1441 PL_last_swash_hv = hv;
1442 PL_last_swash_klen = klen;
1443 PL_last_swash_tmps = tmps;
1444 PL_last_swash_slen = slen;
1446 Copy(ptr, PL_last_swash_key, klen, U8);
1449 switch ((int)((slen << 3) / needents)) {
1451 bit = 1 << (off & 7);
1453 return (tmps[off] & bit) != 0;
1458 return (tmps[off] << 8) + tmps[off + 1] ;
1461 return (tmps[off] << 24) + (tmps[off+1] << 16) + (tmps[off+2] << 8) + tmps[off + 3] ;
1463 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: swash_fetch");
1469 =for apidoc A|U8 *|uvchr_to_utf8|U8 *d|UV uv
1471 Adds the UTF8 representation of the Native codepoint C<uv> to the end
1472 of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
1473 bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
1474 end of the new character. In other words,
1476 d = uvchr_to_utf8(d, uv);
1478 is the recommended wide native character-aware way of saying
1485 /* On ASCII machines this is normally a macro but we want a
1486 real function in case XS code wants it
1488 #undef Perl_uvchr_to_utf8
1490 Perl_uvchr_to_utf8(pTHX_ U8 *d, UV uv)
1492 return Perl_uvuni_to_utf8(aTHX_ d, NATIVE_TO_UNI(uv));
1497 =for apidoc A|UV|utf8n_to_uvchr|U8 *s|STRLEN curlen|STRLEN *retlen|U32 flags
1499 Returns the native character value of the first character in the string C<s>
1500 which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
1501 length, in bytes, of that character.
1503 Allows length and flags to be passed to low level routine.
1507 /* On ASCII machines this is normally a macro but we want a
1508 real function in case XS code wants it
1510 #undef Perl_utf8n_to_uvchr
1512 Perl_utf8n_to_uvchr(pTHX_ U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN *retlen, U32 flags)
1514 UV uv = Perl_utf8n_to_uvuni(aTHX_ s, curlen, retlen, flags);
1515 return UNI_TO_NATIVE(uv);