3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * He still hopefully carried some of his gear in his pack: a small tinder-box,
13 * two small shallow pans, the smaller fitting into the larger; inside them a
14 * wooden spoon, a short two-pronged fork and some skewers were stowed; and
15 * hidden at the bottom of the pack in a flat wooden box a dwindling treasure,
19 /* This file contains pp ("push/pop") functions that
20 * execute the opcodes that make up a perl program. A typical pp function
21 * expects to find its arguments on the stack, and usually pushes its
22 * results onto the stack, hence the 'pp' terminology. Each OP structure
23 * contains a pointer to the relevant pp_foo() function.
25 * This particular file just contains pp_pack() and pp_unpack(). See the
26 * other pp*.c files for the rest of the pp_ functions.
31 #define PERL_IN_PP_PACK_C
34 /* Types used by pack/unpack */
36 e_no_len, /* no length */
37 e_number, /* number, [] */
41 typedef struct tempsym {
42 const char* patptr; /* current template char */
43 const char* patend; /* one after last char */
44 const char* grpbeg; /* 1st char of ()-group */
45 const char* grpend; /* end of ()-group */
46 I32 code; /* template code (!<>) */
47 I32 length; /* length/repeat count */
48 howlen_t howlen; /* how length is given */
49 int level; /* () nesting level */
50 U32 flags; /* /=4, comma=2, pack=1 */
51 /* and group modifiers */
52 STRLEN strbeg; /* offset of group start */
53 struct tempsym *previous; /* previous group */
56 #define TEMPSYM_INIT(symptr, p, e, f) \
58 (symptr)->patptr = (p); \
59 (symptr)->patend = (e); \
60 (symptr)->grpbeg = NULL; \
61 (symptr)->grpend = NULL; \
62 (symptr)->grpend = NULL; \
64 (symptr)->length = 0; \
65 (symptr)->howlen = e_no_len; \
66 (symptr)->level = 0; \
67 (symptr)->flags = (f); \
68 (symptr)->strbeg = 0; \
69 (symptr)->previous = NULL; \
73 # define PERL_PACK_CAN_BYTEORDER
74 # define PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
80 /* Maximum number of bytes to which a byte can grow due to upgrade */
84 * Offset for integer pack/unpack.
86 * On architectures where I16 and I32 aren't really 16 and 32 bits,
87 * which for now are all Crays, pack and unpack have to play games.
91 * These values are required for portability of pack() output.
92 * If they're not right on your machine, then pack() and unpack()
93 * wouldn't work right anyway; you'll need to apply the Cray hack.
94 * (I'd like to check them with #if, but you can't use sizeof() in
95 * the preprocessor.) --???
98 The appropriate SHORTSIZE, INTSIZE, LONGSIZE, and LONGLONGSIZE
99 defines are now in config.h. --Andy Dougherty April 1998
104 /* CROSSCOMPILE and MULTIARCH are going to affect pp_pack() and pp_unpack().
107 #if U16SIZE > SIZE16 || U32SIZE > SIZE32
108 # if BYTEORDER == 0x1234 || BYTEORDER == 0x12345678 /* little-endian */
109 # define OFF16(p) ((char*)(p))
110 # define OFF32(p) ((char*)(p))
112 # if BYTEORDER == 0x4321 || BYTEORDER == 0x87654321 /* big-endian */
113 # define OFF16(p) ((char*)(p) + (sizeof(U16) - SIZE16))
114 # define OFF32(p) ((char*)(p) + (sizeof(U32) - SIZE32))
116 ++++ bad cray byte order
120 # define OFF16(p) ((char *) (p))
121 # define OFF32(p) ((char *) (p))
124 /* Only to be used inside a loop (see the break) */
125 #define SHIFT16(utf8, s, strend, p, datumtype) STMT_START { \
127 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &(s), strend, OFF16(p), SIZE16, datumtype)) break; \
129 Copy(s, OFF16(p), SIZE16, char); \
134 /* Only to be used inside a loop (see the break) */
135 #define SHIFT32(utf8, s, strend, p, datumtype) STMT_START { \
137 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &(s), strend, OFF32(p), SIZE32, datumtype)) break; \
139 Copy(s, OFF32(p), SIZE32, char); \
144 #define PUSH16(utf8, cur, p) PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, OFF16(p), SIZE16)
145 #define PUSH32(utf8, cur, p) PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, OFF32(p), SIZE32)
147 /* Only to be used inside a loop (see the break) */
148 #define SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, var, datumtype) \
151 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &s, strend, \
152 (char *) &var, sizeof(var), datumtype)) break;\
154 Copy(s, (char *) &var, sizeof(var), char); \
159 #define PUSH_VAR(utf8, aptr, var) \
160 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, aptr, &(var), sizeof(var))
162 /* Avoid stack overflow due to pathological templates. 100 should be plenty. */
163 #define MAX_SUB_TEMPLATE_LEVEL 100
165 /* flags (note that type modifiers can also be used as flags!) */
166 #define FLAG_WAS_UTF8 0x40
167 #define FLAG_PARSE_UTF8 0x20 /* Parse as utf8 */
168 #define FLAG_UNPACK_ONLY_ONE 0x10
169 #define FLAG_DO_UTF8 0x08 /* The underlying string is utf8 */
170 #define FLAG_SLASH 0x04
171 #define FLAG_COMMA 0x02
172 #define FLAG_PACK 0x01
175 S_mul128(pTHX_ SV *sv, U8 m)
178 char *s = SvPV(sv, len);
181 if (!strnEQ(s, "0000", 4)) { /* need to grow sv */
182 SV * const tmpNew = newSVpvs("0000000000");
184 sv_catsv(tmpNew, sv);
185 SvREFCNT_dec(sv); /* free old sv */
190 while (!*t) /* trailing '\0'? */
193 const U32 i = ((*t - '0') << 7) + m;
194 *(t--) = '0' + (char)(i % 10);
200 /* Explosives and implosives. */
202 #if 'I' == 73 && 'J' == 74
203 /* On an ASCII/ISO kind of system */
204 #define ISUUCHAR(ch) ((ch) >= ' ' && (ch) < 'a')
207 Some other sort of character set - use memchr() so we don't match
210 #define ISUUCHAR(ch) (memchr(PL_uuemap, (ch), sizeof(PL_uuemap)-1) || (ch) == ' ')
214 #define TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING 0x100
215 #define TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0x200
216 #define TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN 0x400
217 #define TYPE_IS_PACK 0x800
218 #define TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK (TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN|TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
219 #define TYPE_MODIFIERS(t) ((t) & ~0xFF)
220 #define TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(t) ((t) & 0xFF)
222 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
223 # define SHRIEKING_ALLOWED_TYPES "sSiIlLxXnNvV@."
225 # define SHRIEKING_ALLOWED_TYPES "sSiIlLxX"
228 #ifndef PERL_PACK_CAN_BYTEORDER
229 /* Put "can't" first because it is shorter */
230 # define TYPE_ENDIANNESS(t) 0
231 # define TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(t) (t)
233 # define ENDIANNESS_ALLOWED_TYPES ""
235 # define DO_BO_UNPACK(var, type)
236 # define DO_BO_PACK(var, type)
237 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_PTR(var, type, pre_cast, post_cast)
238 # define DO_BO_PACK_PTR(var, type, pre_cast, post_cast)
239 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_N(var, type)
240 # define DO_BO_PACK_N(var, type)
241 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_P(var)
242 # define DO_BO_PACK_P(var)
243 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_PC(var)
244 # define DO_BO_PACK_PC(var)
246 #else /* PERL_PACK_CAN_BYTEORDER */
248 # define TYPE_ENDIANNESS(t) ((t) & TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK)
249 # define TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(t) ((t) & ~TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK)
251 # define ENDIANNESS_ALLOWED_TYPES "sSiIlLqQjJfFdDpP("
253 # define DO_BO_UNPACK(var, type) \
255 switch (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)) { \
256 case TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN: var = my_betoh ## type (var); break; \
257 case TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN: var = my_letoh ## type (var); break; \
262 # define DO_BO_PACK(var, type) \
264 switch (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)) { \
265 case TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN: var = my_htobe ## type (var); break; \
266 case TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN: var = my_htole ## type (var); break; \
271 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_PTR(var, type, pre_cast, post_cast) \
273 switch (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)) { \
274 case TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN: \
275 var = (post_cast*) my_betoh ## type ((pre_cast) var); \
277 case TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN: \
278 var = (post_cast *) my_letoh ## type ((pre_cast) var); \
285 # define DO_BO_PACK_PTR(var, type, pre_cast, post_cast) \
287 switch (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)) { \
288 case TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN: \
289 var = (post_cast *) my_htobe ## type ((pre_cast) var); \
291 case TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN: \
292 var = (post_cast *) my_htole ## type ((pre_cast) var); \
299 # define BO_CANT_DOIT(action, type) \
301 switch (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)) { \
302 case TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN: \
303 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't %s big-endian %ss on this " \
304 "platform", #action, #type); \
306 case TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN: \
307 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't %s little-endian %ss on this " \
308 "platform", #action, #type); \
315 # if PTRSIZE == INTSIZE
316 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_P(var) DO_BO_UNPACK_PTR(var, i, int, void)
317 # define DO_BO_PACK_P(var) DO_BO_PACK_PTR(var, i, int, void)
318 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_PC(var) DO_BO_UNPACK_PTR(var, i, int, char)
319 # define DO_BO_PACK_PC(var) DO_BO_PACK_PTR(var, i, int, char)
320 # elif PTRSIZE == LONGSIZE
321 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_P(var) DO_BO_UNPACK_PTR(var, l, long, void)
322 # define DO_BO_PACK_P(var) DO_BO_PACK_PTR(var, l, long, void)
323 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_PC(var) DO_BO_UNPACK_PTR(var, l, long, char)
324 # define DO_BO_PACK_PC(var) DO_BO_PACK_PTR(var, l, long, char)
325 # elif PTRSIZE == IVSIZE
326 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_P(var) DO_BO_UNPACK_PTR(var, l, IV, void)
327 # define DO_BO_PACK_P(var) DO_BO_PACK_PTR(var, l, IV, void)
328 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_PC(var) DO_BO_UNPACK_PTR(var, l, IV, char)
329 # define DO_BO_PACK_PC(var) DO_BO_PACK_PTR(var, l, IV, char)
331 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_P(var) BO_CANT_DOIT(unpack, pointer)
332 # define DO_BO_PACK_P(var) BO_CANT_DOIT(pack, pointer)
333 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_PC(var) BO_CANT_DOIT(unpack, pointer)
334 # define DO_BO_PACK_PC(var) BO_CANT_DOIT(pack, pointer)
337 # if defined(my_htolen) && defined(my_letohn) && \
338 defined(my_htoben) && defined(my_betohn)
339 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_N(var, type) \
341 switch (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)) { \
342 case TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN: my_betohn(&var, sizeof(type)); break;\
343 case TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN: my_letohn(&var, sizeof(type)); break;\
348 # define DO_BO_PACK_N(var, type) \
350 switch (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)) { \
351 case TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN: my_htoben(&var, sizeof(type)); break;\
352 case TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN: my_htolen(&var, sizeof(type)); break;\
357 # define DO_BO_UNPACK_N(var, type) BO_CANT_DOIT(unpack, type)
358 # define DO_BO_PACK_N(var, type) BO_CANT_DOIT(pack, type)
361 #endif /* PERL_PACK_CAN_BYTEORDER */
363 #define PACK_SIZE_CANNOT_CSUM 0x80
364 #define PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE 0x40 /* Not a fixed size element */
365 #define PACK_SIZE_MASK 0x3F
367 /* These tables are regenerated by genpacksizetables.pl (and then hand pasted
368 in). You're unlikely ever to need to regenerate them. */
370 #if TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING != 0x100
371 ++++shriek offset should be 256
374 typedef U8 packprops_t;
377 STATIC const packprops_t packprops[512] = {
379 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
380 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
381 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
382 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
384 /* C */ sizeof(unsigned char) | PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE,
385 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
386 /* D */ LONG_DOUBLESIZE,
393 /* I */ sizeof(unsigned int),
400 #if defined(HAS_QUAD)
401 /* Q */ sizeof(Uquad_t),
408 /* U */ sizeof(char) | PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE,
410 /* W */ sizeof(unsigned char) | PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE,
411 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
412 /* c */ sizeof(char),
413 /* d */ sizeof(double),
415 /* f */ sizeof(float),
424 /* p */ sizeof(char *) | PACK_SIZE_CANNOT_CSUM,
425 #if defined(HAS_QUAD)
426 /* q */ sizeof(Quad_t),
434 /* w */ sizeof(char) | PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE | PACK_SIZE_CANNOT_CSUM,
435 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
436 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
437 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
438 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
439 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
440 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
441 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
442 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
443 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
445 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
446 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
447 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
448 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
449 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
450 /* I */ sizeof(unsigned int),
452 /* L */ sizeof(unsigned long),
454 #if defined(PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN)
460 /* S */ sizeof(unsigned short),
462 #if defined(PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN)
467 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
471 /* l */ sizeof(long),
473 #if defined(PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN)
479 /* s */ sizeof(short),
481 #if defined(PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN)
486 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
487 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
488 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
489 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
490 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
491 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
492 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
493 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
494 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
497 /* EBCDIC (or bust) */
498 STATIC const packprops_t packprops[512] = {
500 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
501 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
502 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
503 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
504 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
505 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
506 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
507 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
509 /* c */ sizeof(char),
510 /* d */ sizeof(double),
512 /* f */ sizeof(float),
522 /* p */ sizeof(char *) | PACK_SIZE_CANNOT_CSUM,
523 #if defined(HAS_QUAD)
524 /* q */ sizeof(Quad_t),
528 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
532 /* w */ sizeof(char) | PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE | PACK_SIZE_CANNOT_CSUM,
533 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
534 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
535 /* C */ sizeof(unsigned char) | PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE,
536 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
537 /* D */ LONG_DOUBLESIZE,
544 /* I */ sizeof(unsigned int),
552 #if defined(HAS_QUAD)
553 /* Q */ sizeof(Uquad_t),
557 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
560 /* U */ sizeof(char) | PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE,
562 /* W */ sizeof(unsigned char) | PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE,
563 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
564 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
566 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
567 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
568 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
569 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
570 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
571 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
572 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
573 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
574 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
576 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
577 /* l */ sizeof(long),
579 #if defined(PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN)
584 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
585 /* s */ sizeof(short),
587 #if defined(PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN)
592 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
593 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
595 /* I */ sizeof(unsigned int),
596 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
597 /* L */ sizeof(unsigned long),
599 #if defined(PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN)
604 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
605 /* S */ sizeof(unsigned short),
607 #if defined(PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN)
612 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
613 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
618 uni_to_byte(pTHX_ const char **s, const char *end, I32 datumtype)
621 UV val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) *s, end-*s, &retlen,
622 ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
623 /* We try to process malformed UTF-8 as much as possible (preferrably with
624 warnings), but these two mean we make no progress in the string and
625 might enter an infinite loop */
626 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0)
627 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack",
628 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
630 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNPACK))
631 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNPACK),
632 "Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack",
633 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
640 #define SHIFT_BYTE(utf8, s, strend, datumtype) ((utf8) ? \
641 uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &(s), (strend), (datumtype)) : \
645 uni_to_bytes(pTHX_ const char **s, const char *end, const char *buf, int buf_len, I32 datumtype)
649 const char *from = *s;
651 const U32 flags = ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ?
652 UTF8_CHECK_ONLY : (UTF8_CHECK_ONLY | UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
653 for (;buf_len > 0; buf_len--) {
654 if (from >= end) return FALSE;
655 val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) from, end-from, &retlen, flags);
656 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0) {
657 from += UTF8SKIP(from);
659 } else from += retlen;
664 *(U8 *)buf++ = (U8)val;
666 /* We have enough characters for the buffer. Did we have problems ? */
669 /* Rewalk the string fragment while warning */
671 const int flags = ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY;
672 for (ptr = *s; ptr < from; ptr += UTF8SKIP(ptr)) {
673 if (ptr >= end) break;
674 utf8n_to_uvuni((U8 *) ptr, end-ptr, &retlen, flags);
676 if (from > end) from = end;
678 if ((bad & 2) && ckWARN(WARN_UNPACK))
679 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(datumtype & TYPE_IS_PACK ?
680 WARN_PACK : WARN_UNPACK),
681 "Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in %s",
682 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype),
683 datumtype & TYPE_IS_PACK ? "pack" : "unpack");
690 next_uni_uu(pTHX_ const char **s, const char *end, I32 *out)
694 const UV val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) *s, end-*s, &retlen, UTF8_CHECK_ONLY);
695 if (val >= 0x100 || !ISUUCHAR(val) ||
696 retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0) {
700 *out = PL_uudmap[val] & 077;
706 S_bytes_to_uni(const U8 *start, STRLEN len, char *dest) {
707 const U8 * const end = start + len;
709 while (start < end) {
710 const UV uv = NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*start);
711 if (UNI_IS_INVARIANT(uv))
712 *dest++ = (char)(U8)UTF_TO_NATIVE(uv);
714 *dest++ = (char)(U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(uv);
715 *dest++ = (char)(U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(uv);
722 #define PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, buf, len) \
725 (cur) = bytes_to_uni((U8 *) buf, len, (cur)); \
727 Copy(buf, cur, len, char); \
732 #define GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, in_len) \
734 STRLEN glen = (in_len); \
735 if (utf8) glen *= UTF8_EXPAND; \
736 if ((cur) + glen >= (start) + SvLEN(cat)) { \
737 (start) = sv_exp_grow(cat, glen); \
738 (cur) = (start) + SvCUR(cat); \
742 #define PUSH_GROWING_BYTES(utf8, cat, start, cur, buf, in_len) \
744 const STRLEN glen = (in_len); \
746 if (utf8) gl *= UTF8_EXPAND; \
747 if ((cur) + gl >= (start) + SvLEN(cat)) { \
749 SvCUR_set((cat), (cur) - (start)); \
750 (start) = sv_exp_grow(cat, gl); \
751 (cur) = (start) + SvCUR(cat); \
753 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, buf, glen); \
756 #define PUSH_BYTE(utf8, s, byte) \
759 const U8 au8 = (byte); \
760 (s) = bytes_to_uni(&au8, 1, (s)); \
761 } else *(U8 *)(s)++ = (byte); \
764 /* Only to be used inside a loop (see the break) */
765 #define NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags) \
768 if (str >= end) break; \
769 val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) str, end-str, &retlen, utf8_flags); \
770 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0) { \
772 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in pack"); \
777 static const char *_action( const tempsym_t* symptr )
779 return (const char *)(( symptr->flags & FLAG_PACK ) ? "pack" : "unpack");
782 /* Returns the sizeof() struct described by pat */
784 S_measure_struct(pTHX_ tempsym_t* symptr)
788 while (next_symbol(symptr)) {
792 switch (symptr->howlen) {
794 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Within []-length '*' not allowed in %s",
798 /* e_no_len and e_number */
799 len = symptr->length;
803 size = packprops[TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(symptr->code)] & PACK_SIZE_MASK;
806 /* endianness doesn't influence the size of a type */
807 switch(TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(symptr->code)) {
809 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid type '%c' in %s",
810 (int)TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(symptr->code),
812 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
813 case '.' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
814 case '@' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
819 case 'U': /* XXXX Is it correct? */
822 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Within []-length '%c' not allowed in %s",
823 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(symptr->code),
830 tempsym_t savsym = *symptr;
831 symptr->patptr = savsym.grpbeg;
832 symptr->patend = savsym.grpend;
833 /* XXXX Theoretically, we need to measure many times at
834 different positions, since the subexpression may contain
835 alignment commands, but be not of aligned length.
836 Need to detect this and croak(). */
837 size = measure_struct(symptr);
841 case 'X' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
842 /* XXXX Is this useful? Then need to treat MEASURE_BACKWARDS.
844 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
846 len = total % len; /* Assumed: the start is aligned. */
851 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'X' outside of string in %s", _action( symptr ) );
853 case 'x' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
854 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
856 star = total % len; /* Assumed: the start is aligned. */
857 if (star) /* Other portable ways? */
881 size = sizeof(char*);
891 /* locate matching closing parenthesis or bracket
892 * returns char pointer to char after match, or NULL
895 S_group_end(pTHX_ register const char *patptr, register const char *patend, char ender)
897 while (patptr < patend) {
898 const char c = *patptr++;
905 while (patptr < patend && *patptr != '\n')
909 patptr = group_end(patptr, patend, ')') + 1;
911 patptr = group_end(patptr, patend, ']') + 1;
913 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No group ending character '%c' found in template",
919 /* Convert unsigned decimal number to binary.
920 * Expects a pointer to the first digit and address of length variable
921 * Advances char pointer to 1st non-digit char and returns number
924 S_get_num(pTHX_ register const char *patptr, I32 *lenptr )
926 I32 len = *patptr++ - '0';
927 while (isDIGIT(*patptr)) {
928 if (len >= 0x7FFFFFFF/10)
929 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "pack/unpack repeat count overflow");
930 len = (len * 10) + (*patptr++ - '0');
936 /* The marvellous template parsing routine: Using state stored in *symptr,
937 * locates next template code and count
940 S_next_symbol(pTHX_ tempsym_t* symptr )
942 const char* patptr = symptr->patptr;
943 const char* const patend = symptr->patend;
945 symptr->flags &= ~FLAG_SLASH;
947 while (patptr < patend) {
948 if (isSPACE(*patptr))
950 else if (*patptr == '#') {
952 while (patptr < patend && *patptr != '\n')
957 /* We should have found a template code */
958 I32 code = *patptr++ & 0xFF;
959 U32 inherited_modifiers = 0;
961 if (code == ','){ /* grandfather in commas but with a warning */
962 if (((symptr->flags & FLAG_COMMA) == 0) && ckWARN(WARN_UNPACK)){
963 symptr->flags |= FLAG_COMMA;
964 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNPACK),
965 "Invalid type ',' in %s", _action( symptr ) );
970 /* for '(', skip to ')' */
972 if( isDIGIT(*patptr) || *patptr == '*' || *patptr == '[' )
973 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "()-group starts with a count in %s",
975 symptr->grpbeg = patptr;
976 patptr = 1 + ( symptr->grpend = group_end(patptr, patend, ')') );
977 if( symptr->level >= MAX_SUB_TEMPLATE_LEVEL )
978 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Too deeply nested ()-groups in %s",
982 /* look for group modifiers to inherit */
983 if (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(symptr->flags)) {
984 if (strchr(ENDIANNESS_ALLOWED_TYPES, TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(code)))
985 inherited_modifiers |= TYPE_ENDIANNESS(symptr->flags);
988 /* look for modifiers */
989 while (patptr < patend) {
994 modifier = TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING;
995 allowed = SHRIEKING_ALLOWED_TYPES;
997 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_BYTEORDER
999 modifier = TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN;
1000 allowed = ENDIANNESS_ALLOWED_TYPES;
1003 modifier = TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
1004 allowed = ENDIANNESS_ALLOWED_TYPES;
1006 #endif /* PERL_PACK_CAN_BYTEORDER */
1016 if (!strchr(allowed, TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(code)))
1017 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%c' allowed only after types %s in %s", *patptr,
1018 allowed, _action( symptr ) );
1020 if (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(code | modifier) == TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK)
1021 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s",
1022 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(code), _action( symptr ) );
1023 else if (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(code | modifier | inherited_modifiers) ==
1024 TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK)
1025 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s",
1026 *patptr, _action( symptr ) );
1028 if ((code & modifier) && ckWARN(WARN_UNPACK)) {
1029 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNPACK),
1030 "Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s",
1031 *patptr, (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(code),
1032 _action( symptr ) );
1039 /* inherit modifiers */
1040 code |= inherited_modifiers;
1042 /* look for count and/or / */
1043 if (patptr < patend) {
1044 if (isDIGIT(*patptr)) {
1045 patptr = get_num( patptr, &symptr->length );
1046 symptr->howlen = e_number;
1048 } else if (*patptr == '*') {
1050 symptr->howlen = e_star;
1052 } else if (*patptr == '[') {
1053 const char* lenptr = ++patptr;
1054 symptr->howlen = e_number;
1055 patptr = group_end( patptr, patend, ']' ) + 1;
1056 /* what kind of [] is it? */
1057 if (isDIGIT(*lenptr)) {
1058 lenptr = get_num( lenptr, &symptr->length );
1059 if( *lenptr != ']' )
1060 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed integer in [] in %s",
1061 _action( symptr ) );
1063 tempsym_t savsym = *symptr;
1064 symptr->patend = patptr-1;
1065 symptr->patptr = lenptr;
1066 savsym.length = measure_struct(symptr);
1070 symptr->howlen = e_no_len;
1075 while (patptr < patend) {
1076 if (isSPACE(*patptr))
1078 else if (*patptr == '#') {
1080 while (patptr < patend && *patptr != '\n')
1082 if (patptr < patend)
1085 if (*patptr == '/') {
1086 symptr->flags |= FLAG_SLASH;
1088 if (patptr < patend &&
1089 (isDIGIT(*patptr) || *patptr == '*' || *patptr == '['))
1090 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'/' does not take a repeat count in %s",
1091 _action( symptr ) );
1097 /* at end - no count, no / */
1098 symptr->howlen = e_no_len;
1102 symptr->code = code;
1103 symptr->patptr = patptr;
1107 symptr->patptr = patptr;
1112 There is no way to cleanly handle the case where we should process the
1113 string per byte in its upgraded form while it's really in downgraded form
1114 (e.g. estimates like strend-s as an upper bound for the number of
1115 characters left wouldn't work). So if we foresee the need of this
1116 (pattern starts with U or contains U0), we want to work on the encoded
1117 version of the string. Users are advised to upgrade their pack string
1118 themselves if they need to do a lot of unpacks like this on it
1121 need_utf8(const char *pat, const char *patend)
1124 while (pat < patend) {
1125 if (pat[0] == '#') {
1127 pat = (const char *) memchr(pat, '\n', patend-pat);
1128 if (!pat) return FALSE;
1129 } else if (pat[0] == 'U') {
1130 if (first || pat[1] == '0') return TRUE;
1131 } else first = FALSE;
1138 first_symbol(const char *pat, const char *patend) {
1139 while (pat < patend) {
1140 if (pat[0] != '#') return pat[0];
1142 pat = (const char *) memchr(pat, '\n', patend-pat);
1150 =for apidoc unpackstring
1152 The engine implementing unpack() Perl function. C<unpackstring> puts the
1153 extracted list items on the stack and returns the number of elements.
1154 Issue C<PUTBACK> before and C<SPAGAIN> after the call to this function.
1159 Perl_unpackstring(pTHX_ const char *pat, const char *patend, const char *s, const char *strend, U32 flags)
1163 if (flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8) flags |= FLAG_WAS_UTF8;
1164 else if (need_utf8(pat, patend)) {
1165 /* We probably should try to avoid this in case a scalar context call
1166 wouldn't get to the "U0" */
1167 STRLEN len = strend - s;
1168 s = (char *) bytes_to_utf8((U8 *) s, &len);
1171 flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
1174 if (first_symbol(pat, patend) != 'U' && (flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8))
1175 flags |= FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
1177 TEMPSYM_INIT(&sym, pat, patend, flags);
1179 return unpack_rec(&sym, s, s, strend, NULL );
1183 S_unpack_rec(pTHX_ tempsym_t* symptr, const char *s, const char *strbeg, const char *strend, const char **new_s )
1187 const I32 start_sp_offset = SP - PL_stack_base;
1193 const int bits_in_uv = CHAR_BIT * sizeof(cuv);
1194 bool beyond = FALSE;
1195 bool explicit_length;
1196 const bool unpack_only_one = (symptr->flags & FLAG_UNPACK_ONLY_ONE) != 0;
1197 bool utf8 = (symptr->flags & FLAG_PARSE_UTF8) ? 1 : 0;
1198 symptr->strbeg = s - strbeg;
1200 while (next_symbol(symptr)) {
1203 I32 datumtype = symptr->code;
1204 /* do first one only unless in list context
1205 / is implemented by unpacking the count, then popping it from the
1206 stack, so must check that we're not in the middle of a / */
1207 if ( unpack_only_one
1208 && (SP - PL_stack_base == start_sp_offset + 1)
1209 && (datumtype != '/') ) /* XXX can this be omitted */
1212 switch (howlen = symptr->howlen) {
1214 len = strend - strbeg; /* long enough */
1217 /* e_no_len and e_number */
1218 len = symptr->length;
1222 explicit_length = TRUE;
1224 beyond = s >= strend;
1226 props = packprops[TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)];
1228 /* props nonzero means we can process this letter. */
1229 const long size = props & PACK_SIZE_MASK;
1230 const long howmany = (strend - s) / size;
1234 if (!checksum || (props & PACK_SIZE_CANNOT_CSUM)) {
1235 if (len && unpack_only_one) len = 1;
1241 switch(TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)) {
1243 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid type '%c' in unpack", (int)TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype) );
1246 if (howlen == e_no_len)
1247 len = 16; /* len is not specified */
1255 tempsym_t savsym = *symptr;
1256 const U32 group_modifiers = TYPE_MODIFIERS(datumtype & ~symptr->flags);
1257 symptr->flags |= group_modifiers;
1258 symptr->patend = savsym.grpend;
1259 symptr->previous = &savsym;
1263 symptr->patptr = savsym.grpbeg;
1264 if (utf8) symptr->flags |= FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
1265 else symptr->flags &= ~FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
1266 unpack_rec(symptr, s, strbeg, strend, &s);
1267 if (s == strend && savsym.howlen == e_star)
1268 break; /* No way to continue */
1271 savsym.flags = symptr->flags & ~group_modifiers;
1275 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
1276 case '.' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1281 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
1282 const bool u8 = utf8 && !(datumtype & TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING);
1283 #else /* PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN */
1284 const bool u8 = utf8;
1286 if (howlen == e_star) from = strbeg;
1287 else if (len <= 0) from = s;
1289 tempsym_t *group = symptr;
1291 while (--len && group) group = group->previous;
1292 from = group ? strbeg + group->strbeg : strbeg;
1295 newSVuv( u8 ? (UV) utf8_length((const U8*)from, (const U8*)s) : (UV) (s-from)) :
1296 newSViv(-(u8 ? (IV) utf8_length((const U8*)s, (const U8*)from) : (IV) (from-s)));
1297 XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
1300 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
1301 case '@' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1304 s = strbeg + symptr->strbeg;
1305 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
1306 if (utf8 && !(datumtype & TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
1307 #else /* PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN */
1313 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'@' outside of string in unpack");
1318 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack");
1321 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'@' outside of string in unpack");
1325 case 'X' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1326 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
1329 const char *hop, *last;
1331 hop = last = strbeg;
1333 hop += UTF8SKIP(hop);
1340 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1344 len = (s - strbeg) % len;
1350 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'X' outside of string in unpack");
1351 while (--s, UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*s)) {
1353 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'X' outside of string in unpack");
1358 if (len > s - strbeg)
1359 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'X' outside of string in unpack" );
1363 case 'x' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING: {
1365 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
1367 if (utf8) ai32 = utf8_length((U8 *) strbeg, (U8 *) s) % len;
1368 else ai32 = (s - strbeg) % len;
1369 if (ai32 == 0) break;
1377 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'x' outside of string in unpack");
1382 if (len > strend - s)
1383 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'x' outside of string in unpack");
1388 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'/' must follow a numeric type in unpack");
1394 /* Preliminary length estimate is assumed done in 'W' */
1395 if (len > strend - s) len = strend - s;
1401 for (l=len, hop=s; l>0; l--, hop += UTF8SKIP(hop)) {
1402 if (hop >= strend) {
1404 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1409 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1411 } else if (len > strend - s)
1414 if (datumtype == 'Z') {
1415 /* 'Z' strips stuff after first null */
1416 const char *ptr, *end;
1418 for (ptr = s; ptr < end; ptr++) if (*ptr == 0) break;
1419 sv = newSVpvn(s, ptr-s);
1420 if (howlen == e_star) /* exact for 'Z*' */
1421 len = ptr-s + (ptr != strend ? 1 : 0);
1422 } else if (datumtype == 'A') {
1423 /* 'A' strips both nulls and spaces */
1425 if (utf8 && (symptr->flags & FLAG_WAS_UTF8)) {
1426 for (ptr = s+len-1; ptr >= s; ptr--)
1427 if (*ptr != 0 && !UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*ptr) &&
1428 !is_utf8_space((U8 *) ptr)) break;
1429 if (ptr >= s) ptr += UTF8SKIP(ptr);
1432 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1434 for (ptr = s+len-1; ptr >= s; ptr--)
1435 if (*ptr != 0 && !isSPACE(*ptr)) break;
1438 sv = newSVpvn(s, ptr-s);
1439 } else sv = newSVpvn(s, len);
1443 /* Undo any upgrade done due to need_utf8() */
1444 if (!(symptr->flags & FLAG_WAS_UTF8))
1445 sv_utf8_downgrade(sv, 0);
1447 XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
1453 if (howlen == e_star || len > (strend - s) * 8)
1454 len = (strend - s) * 8;
1458 Newxz(PL_bitcount, 256, char);
1459 for (bits = 1; bits < 256; bits++) {
1460 if (bits & 1) PL_bitcount[bits]++;
1461 if (bits & 2) PL_bitcount[bits]++;
1462 if (bits & 4) PL_bitcount[bits]++;
1463 if (bits & 8) PL_bitcount[bits]++;
1464 if (bits & 16) PL_bitcount[bits]++;
1465 if (bits & 32) PL_bitcount[bits]++;
1466 if (bits & 64) PL_bitcount[bits]++;
1467 if (bits & 128) PL_bitcount[bits]++;
1471 while (len >= 8 && s < strend) {
1472 cuv += PL_bitcount[uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype)];
1477 cuv += PL_bitcount[*(U8 *)s++];
1480 if (len && s < strend) {
1482 bits = SHIFT_BYTE(utf8, s, strend, datumtype);
1483 if (datumtype == 'b')
1485 if (bits & 1) cuv++;
1490 if (bits & 0x80) cuv++;
1497 sv = sv_2mortal(newSV(len ? len : 1));
1500 if (datumtype == 'b') {
1502 const I32 ai32 = len;
1503 for (len = 0; len < ai32; len++) {
1504 if (len & 7) bits >>= 1;
1506 if (s >= strend) break;
1507 bits = uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype);
1508 } else bits = *(U8 *) s++;
1509 *str++ = bits & 1 ? '1' : '0';
1513 const I32 ai32 = len;
1514 for (len = 0; len < ai32; len++) {
1515 if (len & 7) bits <<= 1;
1517 if (s >= strend) break;
1518 bits = uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype);
1519 } else bits = *(U8 *) s++;
1520 *str++ = bits & 0x80 ? '1' : '0';
1524 SvCUR_set(sv, str - SvPVX_const(sv));
1531 /* Preliminary length estimate, acceptable for utf8 too */
1532 if (howlen == e_star || len > (strend - s) * 2)
1533 len = (strend - s) * 2;
1534 sv = sv_2mortal(newSV(len ? len : 1));
1537 if (datumtype == 'h') {
1540 for (len = 0; len < ai32; len++) {
1541 if (len & 1) bits >>= 4;
1543 if (s >= strend) break;
1544 bits = uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype);
1545 } else bits = * (U8 *) s++;
1546 *str++ = PL_hexdigit[bits & 15];
1550 const I32 ai32 = len;
1551 for (len = 0; len < ai32; len++) {
1552 if (len & 1) bits <<= 4;
1554 if (s >= strend) break;
1555 bits = uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype);
1556 } else bits = *(U8 *) s++;
1557 *str++ = PL_hexdigit[(bits >> 4) & 15];
1561 SvCUR_set(sv, str - SvPVX_const(sv));
1567 int aint = SHIFT_BYTE(utf8, s, strend, datumtype);
1568 if (aint >= 128) /* fake up signed chars */
1571 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv((IV)aint)));
1572 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1573 cdouble += (NV)aint;
1582 if (explicit_length && datumtype == 'C')
1583 /* Switch to "character" mode */
1584 utf8 = (symptr->flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8) ? 1 : 0;
1587 if (datumtype == 'C' ?
1588 (symptr->flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8) &&
1589 !(symptr->flags & FLAG_WAS_UTF8) : utf8) {
1590 while (len-- > 0 && s < strend) {
1592 const UV val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) s, strend-s, &retlen,
1593 ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
1594 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0)
1595 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1598 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVuv((UV) val)));
1599 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1600 cdouble += (NV) val;
1604 } else if (!checksum)
1606 const U8 ch = *(U8 *) s++;
1607 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVuv((UV) ch)));
1609 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1610 while (len-- > 0) cdouble += (NV) *(U8 *) s++;
1612 while (len-- > 0) cuv += *(U8 *) s++;
1616 if (explicit_length) {
1617 /* Switch to "bytes in UTF-8" mode */
1618 if (symptr->flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8) utf8 = 0;
1620 /* Should be impossible due to the need_utf8() test */
1621 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "U0 mode on a byte string");
1625 if (len > strend - s) len = strend - s;
1627 if (len && unpack_only_one) len = 1;
1631 while (len-- > 0 && s < strend) {
1635 U8 result[UTF8_MAXLEN];
1636 const char *ptr = s;
1638 /* Bug: warns about bad utf8 even if we are short on bytes
1639 and will break out of the loop */
1640 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &ptr, strend, (char *) result, 1,
1643 len = UTF8SKIP(result);
1644 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &ptr, strend,
1645 (char *) &result[1], len-1, 'U')) break;
1646 auv = utf8n_to_uvuni(result, len, &retlen, ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV);
1649 auv = utf8n_to_uvuni((U8*)s, strend - s, &retlen, ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV);
1650 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0)
1651 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1655 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVuv((UV) auv)));
1656 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1657 cdouble += (NV) auv;
1662 case 's' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1663 #if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
1666 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, ashort, datumtype);
1667 DO_BO_UNPACK(ashort, s);
1669 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv((IV)ashort)));
1670 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1671 cdouble += (NV)ashort;
1683 #if U16SIZE > SIZE16
1686 SHIFT16(utf8, s, strend, &ai16, datumtype);
1687 DO_BO_UNPACK(ai16, 16);
1688 #if U16SIZE > SIZE16
1693 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv((IV)ai16)));
1694 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1695 cdouble += (NV)ai16;
1700 case 'S' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1701 #if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
1703 unsigned short aushort;
1704 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aushort, datumtype);
1705 DO_BO_UNPACK(aushort, s);
1707 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVuv((UV) aushort)));
1708 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1709 cdouble += (NV)aushort;
1722 #if U16SIZE > SIZE16
1725 SHIFT16(utf8, s, strend, &au16, datumtype);
1726 DO_BO_UNPACK(au16, 16);
1728 if (datumtype == 'n')
1729 au16 = PerlSock_ntohs(au16);
1732 if (datumtype == 'v')
1736 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVuv((UV)au16)));
1737 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1738 cdouble += (NV) au16;
1743 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
1744 case 'v' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1745 case 'n' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1748 # if U16SIZE > SIZE16
1751 SHIFT16(utf8, s, strend, &ai16, datumtype);
1753 if (datumtype == ('n' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
1754 ai16 = (I16) PerlSock_ntohs((U16) ai16);
1755 # endif /* HAS_NTOHS */
1757 if (datumtype == ('v' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
1758 ai16 = (I16) vtohs((U16) ai16);
1759 # endif /* HAS_VTOHS */
1761 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv((IV)ai16)));
1762 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1763 cdouble += (NV) ai16;
1768 #endif /* PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN */
1770 case 'i' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1773 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aint, datumtype);
1774 DO_BO_UNPACK(aint, i);
1776 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv((IV)aint)));
1777 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1778 cdouble += (NV)aint;
1784 case 'I' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1787 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, auint, datumtype);
1788 DO_BO_UNPACK(auint, i);
1790 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVuv((UV)auint)));
1791 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1792 cdouble += (NV)auint;
1800 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aiv, datumtype);
1801 #if IVSIZE == INTSIZE
1802 DO_BO_UNPACK(aiv, i);
1803 #elif IVSIZE == LONGSIZE
1804 DO_BO_UNPACK(aiv, l);
1805 #elif defined(HAS_QUAD) && IVSIZE == U64SIZE
1806 DO_BO_UNPACK(aiv, 64);
1808 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'j' not supported on this platform");
1811 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(aiv)));
1812 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1821 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, auv, datumtype);
1822 #if IVSIZE == INTSIZE
1823 DO_BO_UNPACK(auv, i);
1824 #elif IVSIZE == LONGSIZE
1825 DO_BO_UNPACK(auv, l);
1826 #elif defined(HAS_QUAD) && IVSIZE == U64SIZE
1827 DO_BO_UNPACK(auv, 64);
1829 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'J' not supported on this platform");
1832 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVuv(auv)));
1833 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1839 case 'l' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1840 #if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
1843 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, along, datumtype);
1844 DO_BO_UNPACK(along, l);
1846 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv((IV)along)));
1847 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1848 cdouble += (NV)along;
1859 #if U32SIZE > SIZE32
1862 SHIFT32(utf8, s, strend, &ai32, datumtype);
1863 DO_BO_UNPACK(ai32, 32);
1864 #if U32SIZE > SIZE32
1865 if (ai32 > 2147483647) ai32 -= 4294967296;
1868 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv((IV)ai32)));
1869 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1870 cdouble += (NV)ai32;
1875 case 'L' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1876 #if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
1878 unsigned long aulong;
1879 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aulong, datumtype);
1880 DO_BO_UNPACK(aulong, l);
1882 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVuv((UV)aulong)));
1883 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1884 cdouble += (NV)aulong;
1897 #if U32SIZE > SIZE32
1900 SHIFT32(utf8, s, strend, &au32, datumtype);
1901 DO_BO_UNPACK(au32, 32);
1903 if (datumtype == 'N')
1904 au32 = PerlSock_ntohl(au32);
1907 if (datumtype == 'V')
1911 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVuv((UV)au32)));
1912 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1913 cdouble += (NV)au32;
1918 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
1919 case 'V' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1920 case 'N' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1923 # if U32SIZE > SIZE32
1926 SHIFT32(utf8, s, strend, &ai32, datumtype);
1928 if (datumtype == ('N' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
1929 ai32 = (I32)PerlSock_ntohl((U32)ai32);
1932 if (datumtype == ('V' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
1933 ai32 = (I32)vtohl((U32)ai32);
1936 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv((IV)ai32)));
1937 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1938 cdouble += (NV)ai32;
1943 #endif /* PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN */
1947 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aptr, datumtype);
1948 DO_BO_UNPACK_PC(aptr);
1949 /* newSVpv generates undef if aptr is NULL */
1950 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(aptr, 0)));
1958 while (len > 0 && s < strend) {
1960 ch = SHIFT_BYTE(utf8, s, strend, datumtype);
1961 auv = (auv << 7) | (ch & 0x7f);
1962 /* UTF8_IS_XXXXX not right here - using constant 0x80 */
1965 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVuv(auv)));
1970 if (++bytes >= sizeof(UV)) { /* promote to string */
1973 sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%.*"UVuf, (int)TYPE_DIGITS(UV), auv);
1974 while (s < strend) {
1975 ch = SHIFT_BYTE(utf8, s, strend, datumtype);
1976 sv = mul128(sv, (U8)(ch & 0x7f));
1982 t = SvPV_nolen_const(sv);
1986 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
1991 if ((s >= strend) && bytes)
1992 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unterminated compressed integer in unpack");
1996 if (symptr->howlen == e_star)
1997 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'P' must have an explicit size in unpack");
1999 if (s + sizeof(char*) <= strend) {
2001 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aptr, datumtype);
2002 DO_BO_UNPACK_PC(aptr);
2003 /* newSVpvn generates undef if aptr is NULL */
2004 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(aptr, len)));
2011 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aquad, datumtype);
2012 DO_BO_UNPACK(aquad, 64);
2014 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(aquad >= IV_MIN && aquad <= IV_MAX ?
2015 newSViv((IV)aquad) : newSVnv((NV)aquad)));
2016 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
2017 cdouble += (NV)aquad;
2025 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, auquad, datumtype);
2026 DO_BO_UNPACK(auquad, 64);
2028 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(auquad <= UV_MAX ?
2029 newSVuv((UV)auquad):newSVnv((NV)auquad)));
2030 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
2031 cdouble += (NV)auquad;
2036 #endif /* HAS_QUAD */
2037 /* float and double added gnb@melba.bby.oz.au 22/11/89 */
2041 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, afloat, datumtype);
2042 DO_BO_UNPACK_N(afloat, float);
2044 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv((NV)afloat)));
2052 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, adouble, datumtype);
2053 DO_BO_UNPACK_N(adouble, double);
2055 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv((NV)adouble)));
2063 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, anv, datumtype);
2064 DO_BO_UNPACK_N(anv, NV);
2066 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv(anv)));
2071 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
2074 long double aldouble;
2075 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aldouble, datumtype);
2076 DO_BO_UNPACK_N(aldouble, long double);
2078 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv((NV)aldouble)));
2080 cdouble += aldouble;
2086 * Initialise the decode mapping. By using a table driven
2087 * algorithm, the code will be character-set independent
2088 * (and just as fast as doing character arithmetic)
2090 if (PL_uudmap[(U8)'M'] == 0) {
2093 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(PL_uuemap); ++i)
2094 PL_uudmap[(U8)PL_uuemap[i]] = i;
2096 * Because ' ' and '`' map to the same value,
2097 * we need to decode them both the same.
2099 PL_uudmap[(U8)' '] = 0;
2102 const STRLEN l = (STRLEN) (strend - s) * 3 / 4;
2103 sv = sv_2mortal(newSV(l));
2104 if (l) SvPOK_on(sv);
2107 while (next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &len)) {
2113 next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &a);
2114 next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &b);
2115 next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &c);
2116 next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &d);
2117 hunk[0] = (char)((a << 2) | (b >> 4));
2118 hunk[1] = (char)((b << 4) | (c >> 2));
2119 hunk[2] = (char)((c << 6) | d);
2120 sv_catpvn(sv, hunk, (len > 3) ? 3 : len);
2128 /* possible checksum byte */
2129 const char *skip = s+UTF8SKIP(s);
2130 if (skip < strend && *skip == '\n')
2136 while (s < strend && *s > ' ' && ISUUCHAR(*s)) {
2141 len = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
2143 if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
2144 a = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
2147 if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
2148 b = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
2151 if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
2152 c = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
2155 if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
2156 d = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
2159 hunk[0] = (char)((a << 2) | (b >> 4));
2160 hunk[1] = (char)((b << 4) | (c >> 2));
2161 hunk[2] = (char)((c << 6) | d);
2162 sv_catpvn(sv, hunk, (len > 3) ? 3 : len);
2167 else /* possible checksum byte */
2168 if (s + 1 < strend && s[1] == '\n')
2177 if (strchr("fFdD", TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype)) ||
2178 (checksum > bits_in_uv &&
2179 strchr("cCsSiIlLnNUWvVqQjJ", TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype))) ) {
2182 anv = (NV) (1 << (checksum & 15));
2183 while (checksum >= 16) {
2187 while (cdouble < 0.0)
2189 cdouble = Perl_modf(cdouble / anv, &trouble) * anv;
2190 sv = newSVnv(cdouble);
2193 if (checksum < bits_in_uv) {
2194 UV mask = ((UV)1 << checksum) - 1;
2199 XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
2203 if (symptr->flags & FLAG_SLASH){
2204 if (SP - PL_stack_base - start_sp_offset <= 0)
2205 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'/' must follow a numeric type in unpack");
2206 if( next_symbol(symptr) ){
2207 if( symptr->howlen == e_number )
2208 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Count after length/code in unpack" );
2210 /* ...end of char buffer then no decent length available */
2211 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "length/code after end of string in unpack" );
2213 /* take top of stack (hope it's numeric) */
2216 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Negative '/' count in unpack" );
2219 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Code missing after '/' in unpack" );
2221 datumtype = symptr->code;
2222 explicit_length = FALSE;
2230 return SP - PL_stack_base - start_sp_offset;
2238 I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
2241 const char *pat = SvPV_const(left, llen);
2242 const char *s = SvPV_const(right, rlen);
2243 const char *strend = s + rlen;
2244 const char *patend = pat + llen;
2248 cnt = unpackstring(pat, patend, s, strend,
2249 ((gimme == G_SCALAR) ? FLAG_UNPACK_ONLY_ONE : 0)
2250 | (DO_UTF8(right) ? FLAG_DO_UTF8 : 0));
2253 if ( !cnt && gimme == G_SCALAR )
2254 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
2259 doencodes(U8 *h, const char *s, I32 len)
2261 *h++ = PL_uuemap[len];
2263 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (s[0] >> 2))];
2264 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (((s[0] << 4) & 060) | ((s[1] >> 4) & 017)))];
2265 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (((s[1] << 2) & 074) | ((s[2] >> 6) & 03)))];
2266 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (s[2] & 077))];
2271 const char r = (len > 1 ? s[1] : '\0');
2272 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (s[0] >> 2))];
2273 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (((s[0] << 4) & 060) | ((r >> 4) & 017)))];
2274 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & ((r << 2) & 074))];
2275 *h++ = PL_uuemap[0];
2282 S_is_an_int(pTHX_ const char *s, STRLEN l)
2284 SV *result = newSVpvn(s, l);
2285 char *const result_c = SvPV_nolen(result); /* convenience */
2286 char *out = result_c;
2296 SvREFCNT_dec(result);
2319 SvREFCNT_dec(result);
2325 SvCUR_set(result, out - result_c);
2329 /* pnum must be '\0' terminated */
2331 S_div128(pTHX_ SV *pnum, bool *done)
2334 char * const s = SvPV(pnum, len);
2340 const int i = m * 10 + (*t - '0');
2341 const int r = (i >> 7); /* r < 10 */
2349 SvCUR_set(pnum, (STRLEN) (t - s));
2354 =for apidoc packlist
2356 The engine implementing pack() Perl function.
2362 Perl_packlist(pTHX_ SV *cat, const char *pat, const char *patend, register SV **beglist, SV **endlist )
2367 TEMPSYM_INIT(&sym, pat, patend, FLAG_PACK);
2369 /* We're going to do changes through SvPVX(cat). Make sure it's valid.
2370 Also make sure any UTF8 flag is loaded */
2371 SvPV_force_nolen(cat);
2373 sym.flags |= FLAG_PARSE_UTF8 | FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2375 (void)pack_rec( cat, &sym, beglist, endlist );
2378 /* like sv_utf8_upgrade, but also repoint the group start markers */
2380 marked_upgrade(pTHX_ SV *sv, tempsym_t *sym_ptr) {
2383 const char *from_ptr, *from_start, *from_end, **marks, **m;
2384 char *to_start, *to_ptr;
2386 if (SvUTF8(sv)) return;
2388 from_start = SvPVX_const(sv);
2389 from_end = from_start + SvCUR(sv);
2390 for (from_ptr = from_start; from_ptr < from_end; from_ptr++)
2391 if (!NATIVE_IS_INVARIANT(*from_ptr)) break;
2392 if (from_ptr == from_end) {
2393 /* Simple case: no character needs to be changed */
2398 len = (from_end-from_ptr)*UTF8_EXPAND+(from_ptr-from_start)+1;
2399 Newx(to_start, len, char);
2400 Copy(from_start, to_start, from_ptr-from_start, char);
2401 to_ptr = to_start + (from_ptr-from_start);
2403 Newx(marks, sym_ptr->level+2, const char *);
2404 for (group=sym_ptr; group; group = group->previous)
2405 marks[group->level] = from_start + group->strbeg;
2406 marks[sym_ptr->level+1] = from_end+1;
2407 for (m = marks; *m < from_ptr; m++)
2408 *m = to_start + (*m-from_start);
2410 for (;from_ptr < from_end; from_ptr++) {
2411 while (*m == from_ptr) *m++ = to_ptr;
2412 to_ptr = (char *) uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *) to_ptr, *(U8 *) from_ptr);
2416 while (*m == from_ptr) *m++ = to_ptr;
2417 if (m != marks + sym_ptr->level+1) {
2420 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Assertion: marks beyond string end");
2422 for (group=sym_ptr; group; group = group->previous)
2423 group->strbeg = marks[group->level] - to_start;
2428 SvLEN_set(sv, SvLEN(sv) + SvIVX(sv));
2429 from_start -= SvIVX(sv);
2432 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVf_OOK;
2435 Safefree(from_start);
2436 SvPV_set(sv, to_start);
2437 SvCUR_set(sv, to_ptr - to_start);
2442 /* Exponential string grower. Makes string extension effectively O(n)
2443 needed says how many extra bytes we need (not counting the final '\0')
2444 Only grows the string if there is an actual lack of space
2447 S_sv_exp_grow(pTHX_ SV *sv, STRLEN needed) {
2448 const STRLEN cur = SvCUR(sv);
2449 const STRLEN len = SvLEN(sv);
2451 if (len - cur > needed) return SvPVX(sv);
2452 extend = needed > len ? needed : len;
2453 return SvGROW(sv, len+extend+1);
2458 S_pack_rec(pTHX_ SV *cat, tempsym_t* symptr, SV **beglist, SV **endlist )
2461 tempsym_t lookahead;
2462 I32 items = endlist - beglist;
2463 bool found = next_symbol(symptr);
2464 bool utf8 = (symptr->flags & FLAG_PARSE_UTF8) ? 1 : 0;
2465 bool warn_utf8 = ckWARN(WARN_UTF8);
2467 if (symptr->level == 0 && found && symptr->code == 'U') {
2468 marked_upgrade(aTHX_ cat, symptr);
2469 symptr->flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2472 symptr->strbeg = SvCUR(cat);
2478 SV *lengthcode = NULL;
2479 I32 datumtype = symptr->code;
2480 howlen_t howlen = symptr->howlen;
2481 char *start = SvPVX(cat);
2482 char *cur = start + SvCUR(cat);
2484 #define NEXTFROM (lengthcode ? lengthcode : items-- > 0 ? *beglist++ : &PL_sv_no)
2488 len = strchr("@Xxu", TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype)) ?
2492 /* e_no_len and e_number */
2493 len = symptr->length;
2498 packprops_t props = packprops[TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)];
2500 if (props && !(props & PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE)) {
2501 /* We can process this letter. */
2502 STRLEN size = props & PACK_SIZE_MASK;
2503 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, (STRLEN) len * size);
2507 /* Look ahead for next symbol. Do we have code/code? */
2508 lookahead = *symptr;
2509 found = next_symbol(&lookahead);
2510 if (symptr->flags & FLAG_SLASH) {
2512 if (!found) Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Code missing after '/' in pack");
2513 if (strchr("aAZ", lookahead.code)) {
2514 if (lookahead.howlen == e_number) count = lookahead.length;
2517 if (SvGAMAGIC(*beglist)) {
2518 /* Avoid reading the active data more than once
2519 by copying it to a temporary. */
2521 const char *const pv = SvPV_const(*beglist, len);
2522 SV *const temp = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(pv, len));
2523 if (SvUTF8(*beglist))
2527 count = DO_UTF8(*beglist) ?
2528 sv_len_utf8(*beglist) : sv_len(*beglist);
2531 if (lookahead.code == 'Z') count++;
2534 if (lookahead.howlen == e_number && lookahead.length < items)
2535 count = lookahead.length;
2538 lookahead.howlen = e_number;
2539 lookahead.length = count;
2540 lengthcode = sv_2mortal(newSViv(count));
2543 /* Code inside the switch must take care to properly update
2544 cat (CUR length and '\0' termination) if it updated *cur and
2545 doesn't simply leave using break */
2546 switch(TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)) {
2548 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid type '%c' in pack",
2549 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
2551 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%%' may not be used in pack");
2554 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
2555 case '.' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2558 if (howlen == e_star) from = start;
2559 else if (len == 0) from = cur;
2561 tempsym_t *group = symptr;
2563 while (--len && group) group = group->previous;
2564 from = group ? start + group->strbeg : start;
2567 len = SvIV(fromstr);
2569 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
2570 case '@' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2573 from = start + symptr->strbeg;
2575 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
2576 if (utf8 && !(datumtype & TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
2577 #else /* PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN */
2581 while (len && from < cur) {
2582 from += UTF8SKIP(from);
2586 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in pack");
2588 /* Here we know from == cur */
2590 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len);
2591 Zero(cur, len, char);
2593 } else if (from < cur) {
2596 } else goto no_change;
2604 if (len > 0) goto grow;
2605 if (len == 0) goto no_change;
2612 tempsym_t savsym = *symptr;
2613 U32 group_modifiers = TYPE_MODIFIERS(datumtype & ~symptr->flags);
2614 symptr->flags |= group_modifiers;
2615 symptr->patend = savsym.grpend;
2617 symptr->previous = &lookahead;
2620 if (utf8) symptr->flags |= FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
2621 else symptr->flags &= ~FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
2622 was_utf8 = SvUTF8(cat);
2623 symptr->patptr = savsym.grpbeg;
2624 beglist = pack_rec(cat, symptr, beglist, endlist);
2625 if (SvUTF8(cat) != was_utf8)
2626 /* This had better be an upgrade while in utf8==0 mode */
2629 if (savsym.howlen == e_star && beglist == endlist)
2630 break; /* No way to continue */
2632 items = endlist - beglist;
2633 lookahead.flags = symptr->flags & ~group_modifiers;
2636 case 'X' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2637 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
2644 hop += UTF8SKIP(hop);
2651 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in pack");
2655 len = (cur-start) % len;
2659 if (len < 1) goto no_change;
2663 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%c' outside of string in pack",
2664 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
2665 while (--cur, UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*cur)) {
2667 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%c' outside of string in pack",
2668 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
2674 if (cur - start < len)
2675 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%c' outside of string in pack",
2676 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
2679 if (cur < start+symptr->strbeg) {
2680 /* Make sure group starts don't point into the void */
2682 const STRLEN length = cur-start;
2683 for (group = symptr;
2684 group && length < group->strbeg;
2685 group = group->previous) group->strbeg = length;
2686 lookahead.strbeg = length;
2689 case 'x' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING: {
2691 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
2693 if (utf8) ai32 = utf8_length((U8 *) start, (U8 *) cur) % len;
2694 else ai32 = (cur - start) % len;
2695 if (ai32 == 0) goto no_change;
2707 aptr = SvPV_const(fromstr, fromlen);
2708 if (DO_UTF8(fromstr)) {
2709 const char *end, *s;
2711 if (!utf8 && !SvUTF8(cat)) {
2712 marked_upgrade(aTHX_ cat, symptr);
2713 lookahead.flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2714 lookahead.strbeg = symptr->strbeg;
2717 cur = start + SvCUR(cat);
2719 if (howlen == e_star) {
2720 if (utf8) goto string_copy;
2724 end = aptr + fromlen;
2725 fromlen = datumtype == 'Z' ? len-1 : len;
2726 while ((I32) fromlen > 0 && s < end) {
2731 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in pack");
2734 if (datumtype == 'Z') len++;
2740 fromlen = len - fromlen;
2741 if (datumtype == 'Z') fromlen--;
2742 if (howlen == e_star) {
2744 if (datumtype == 'Z') len++;
2746 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len);
2747 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &aptr, end, cur, fromlen,
2748 datumtype | TYPE_IS_PACK))
2749 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Perl bug: predicted utf8 length not available");
2753 if (howlen == e_star) {
2755 if (datumtype == 'Z') len++;
2757 if (len <= (I32) fromlen) {
2759 if (datumtype == 'Z' && fromlen > 0) fromlen--;
2761 /* assumes a byte expands to at most UTF8_EXPAND bytes on
2763 expected_length <= from_len*UTF8_EXPAND + (len-from_len) */
2764 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, fromlen*(UTF8_EXPAND-1)+len);
2766 while (fromlen > 0) {
2767 cur = (char *) uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *) cur, * (U8 *) aptr);
2773 if (howlen == e_star) {
2775 if (datumtype == 'Z') len++;
2777 if (len <= (I32) fromlen) {
2779 if (datumtype == 'Z' && fromlen > 0) fromlen--;
2781 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len);
2782 Copy(aptr, cur, fromlen, char);
2786 memset(cur, datumtype == 'A' ? ' ' : '\0', len);
2792 const char *str, *end;
2799 str = SvPV_const(fromstr, fromlen);
2800 end = str + fromlen;
2801 if (DO_UTF8(fromstr)) {
2803 utf8_flags = warn_utf8 ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY;
2805 utf8_source = FALSE;
2806 utf8_flags = 0; /* Unused, but keep compilers happy */
2808 if (howlen == e_star) len = fromlen;
2809 field_len = (len+7)/8;
2810 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, field_len);
2811 if (len > (I32)fromlen) len = fromlen;
2814 if (datumtype == 'B')
2818 NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags);
2820 } else bits |= *str++ & 1;
2821 if (l & 7) bits <<= 1;
2823 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2828 /* datumtype == 'b' */
2832 NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags);
2833 if (val & 1) bits |= 0x80;
2834 } else if (*str++ & 1)
2836 if (l & 7) bits >>= 1;
2838 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2844 if (datumtype == 'B')
2845 bits <<= 7 - (l & 7);
2847 bits >>= 7 - (l & 7);
2848 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2851 /* Determine how many chars are left in the requested field */
2853 if (howlen == e_star) field_len = 0;
2854 else field_len -= l;
2855 Zero(cur, field_len, char);
2861 const char *str, *end;
2868 str = SvPV_const(fromstr, fromlen);
2869 end = str + fromlen;
2870 if (DO_UTF8(fromstr)) {
2872 utf8_flags = warn_utf8 ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY;
2874 utf8_source = FALSE;
2875 utf8_flags = 0; /* Unused, but keep compilers happy */
2877 if (howlen == e_star) len = fromlen;
2878 field_len = (len+1)/2;
2879 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, field_len);
2880 if (!utf8 && len > (I32)fromlen) len = fromlen;
2883 if (datumtype == 'H')
2887 NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags);
2888 if (val < 256 && isALPHA(val))
2889 bits |= (val + 9) & 0xf;
2892 } else if (isALPHA(*str))
2893 bits |= (*str++ + 9) & 0xf;
2895 bits |= *str++ & 0xf;
2896 if (l & 1) bits <<= 4;
2898 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2906 NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags);
2907 if (val < 256 && isALPHA(val))
2908 bits |= ((val + 9) & 0xf) << 4;
2910 bits |= (val & 0xf) << 4;
2911 } else if (isALPHA(*str))
2912 bits |= ((*str++ + 9) & 0xf) << 4;
2914 bits |= (*str++ & 0xf) << 4;
2915 if (l & 1) bits >>= 4;
2917 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2923 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2926 /* Determine how many chars are left in the requested field */
2928 if (howlen == e_star) field_len = 0;
2929 else field_len -= l;
2930 Zero(cur, field_len, char);
2938 aiv = SvIV(fromstr);
2939 if ((-128 > aiv || aiv > 127) &&
2941 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
2942 "Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack");
2943 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, (U8)(aiv & 0xff));
2948 utf8 = (symptr->flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8) ? 1 : 0;
2951 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len);
2955 aiv = SvIV(fromstr);
2956 if ((0 > aiv || aiv > 0xff) &&
2958 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
2959 "Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack");
2960 *cur++ = (char)(aiv & 0xff);
2965 U8 in_bytes = (U8)IN_BYTES;
2967 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-1;
2968 if (utf8) end -= UTF8_MAXLEN-1;
2972 auv = SvUV(fromstr);
2973 if (in_bytes) auv = auv % 0x100;
2978 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2980 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len+UTF8_MAXLEN);
2981 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-UTF8_MAXLEN;
2983 cur = (char *) uvuni_to_utf8_flags((U8 *) cur,
2986 0 : UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
2991 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2992 marked_upgrade(aTHX_ cat, symptr);
2993 lookahead.flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2994 lookahead.strbeg = symptr->strbeg;
2997 cur = start + SvCUR(cat);
2998 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-UTF8_MAXLEN;
3001 if (ckWARN(WARN_PACK))
3002 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
3003 "Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack");
3008 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
3009 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len+1);
3010 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-1;
3012 *(U8 *) cur++ = (U8)auv;
3021 if (!(symptr->flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8)) {
3022 marked_upgrade(aTHX_ cat, symptr);
3023 lookahead.flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
3024 lookahead.strbeg = symptr->strbeg;
3030 end = start+SvLEN(cat);
3031 if (!utf8) end -= UTF8_MAXLEN;
3035 auv = SvUV(fromstr);
3037 U8 buffer[UTF8_MAXLEN], *endb;
3038 endb = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(buffer, auv,
3040 0 : UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
3041 if (cur+(endb-buffer)*UTF8_EXPAND >= end) {
3043 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
3044 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur,
3045 len+(endb-buffer)*UTF8_EXPAND);
3046 end = start+SvLEN(cat);
3048 cur = bytes_to_uni(buffer, endb-buffer, cur);
3052 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
3053 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len+UTF8_MAXLEN);
3054 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-UTF8_MAXLEN;
3056 cur = (char *) uvuni_to_utf8_flags((U8 *) cur, auv,
3058 0 : UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
3063 /* Float and double added by gnb@melba.bby.oz.au 22/11/89 */
3069 anv = SvNV(fromstr);
3071 /* VOS does not automatically map a floating-point overflow
3072 during conversion from double to float into infinity, so we
3073 do it by hand. This code should either be generalized for
3074 any OS that needs it, or removed if and when VOS implements
3075 posix-976 (suggestion to support mapping to infinity).
3076 Paul.Green@stratus.com 02-04-02. */
3078 afloat = _float_constants[0]; /* single prec. inf. */
3079 else if (anv < -FLT_MAX)
3080 afloat = _float_constants[0]; /* single prec. inf. */
3081 else afloat = (float) anv;
3083 # if defined(VMS) && !defined(__IEEE_FP)
3084 /* IEEE fp overflow shenanigans are unavailable on VAX and optional
3085 * on Alpha; fake it if we don't have them.
3089 else if (anv < -FLT_MAX)
3091 else afloat = (float)anv;
3093 afloat = (float)anv;
3095 #endif /* __VOS__ */
3096 DO_BO_PACK_N(afloat, float);
3097 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, afloat);
3105 anv = SvNV(fromstr);
3107 /* VOS does not automatically map a floating-point overflow
3108 during conversion from long double to double into infinity,
3109 so we do it by hand. This code should either be generalized
3110 for any OS that needs it, or removed if and when VOS
3111 implements posix-976 (suggestion to support mapping to
3112 infinity). Paul.Green@stratus.com 02-04-02. */
3114 adouble = _double_constants[0]; /* double prec. inf. */
3115 else if (anv < -DBL_MAX)
3116 adouble = _double_constants[0]; /* double prec. inf. */
3117 else adouble = (double) anv;
3119 # if defined(VMS) && !defined(__IEEE_FP)
3120 /* IEEE fp overflow shenanigans are unavailable on VAX and optional
3121 * on Alpha; fake it if we don't have them.
3125 else if (anv < -DBL_MAX)
3127 else adouble = (double)anv;
3129 adouble = (double)anv;
3131 #endif /* __VOS__ */
3132 DO_BO_PACK_N(adouble, double);
3133 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, adouble);
3138 Zero(&anv, 1, NV); /* can be long double with unused bits */
3141 anv = SvNV(fromstr);
3142 DO_BO_PACK_N(anv, NV);
3143 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, anv);
3147 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
3149 long double aldouble;
3150 /* long doubles can have unused bits, which may be nonzero */
3151 Zero(&aldouble, 1, long double);
3154 aldouble = (long double)SvNV(fromstr);
3155 DO_BO_PACK_N(aldouble, long double);
3156 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aldouble);
3161 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
3162 case 'n' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
3168 ai16 = (I16)SvIV(fromstr);
3170 ai16 = PerlSock_htons(ai16);
3172 PUSH16(utf8, cur, &ai16);
3175 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
3176 case 'v' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
3182 ai16 = (I16)SvIV(fromstr);
3186 PUSH16(utf8, cur, &ai16);
3189 case 'S' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
3190 #if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
3192 unsigned short aushort;
3194 aushort = SvUV(fromstr);
3195 DO_BO_PACK(aushort, s);
3196 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aushort);
3206 au16 = (U16)SvUV(fromstr);
3207 DO_BO_PACK(au16, 16);
3208 PUSH16(utf8, cur, &au16);
3211 case 's' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
3212 #if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
3216 ashort = SvIV(fromstr);
3217 DO_BO_PACK(ashort, s);
3218 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, ashort);
3228 ai16 = (I16)SvIV(fromstr);
3229 DO_BO_PACK(ai16, 16);
3230 PUSH16(utf8, cur, &ai16);
3234 case 'I' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
3238 auint = SvUV(fromstr);
3239 DO_BO_PACK(auint, i);
3240 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, auint);
3247 aiv = SvIV(fromstr);
3248 #if IVSIZE == INTSIZE
3250 #elif IVSIZE == LONGSIZE
3252 #elif defined(HAS_QUAD) && IVSIZE == U64SIZE
3253 DO_BO_PACK(aiv, 64);
3255 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'j' not supported on this platform");
3257 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aiv);
3264 auv = SvUV(fromstr);
3265 #if UVSIZE == INTSIZE
3267 #elif UVSIZE == LONGSIZE
3269 #elif defined(HAS_QUAD) && UVSIZE == U64SIZE
3270 DO_BO_PACK(auv, 64);
3272 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'J' not supported on this platform");
3274 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, auv);
3281 anv = SvNV(fromstr);
3285 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
3286 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot compress negative numbers in pack");
3289 /* 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF may cast to 18446744073709551616.0,
3290 which is == UV_MAX_P1. IOK is fine (instead of UV_only), as
3291 any negative IVs will have already been got by the croak()
3292 above. IOK is untrue for fractions, so we test them
3293 against UV_MAX_P1. */
3294 if (SvIOK(fromstr) || anv < UV_MAX_P1) {
3295 char buf[(sizeof(UV)*CHAR_BIT)/7+1];
3296 char *in = buf + sizeof(buf);
3297 UV auv = SvUV(fromstr);
3300 *--in = (char)((auv & 0x7f) | 0x80);
3303 buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] &= 0x7f; /* clear continue bit */
3304 PUSH_GROWING_BYTES(utf8, cat, start, cur,
3305 in, (buf + sizeof(buf)) - in);
3306 } else if (SvPOKp(fromstr))
3308 else if (SvNOKp(fromstr)) {
3309 /* 10**NV_MAX_10_EXP is the largest power of 10
3310 so 10**(NV_MAX_10_EXP+1) is definately unrepresentable
3311 given 10**(NV_MAX_10_EXP+1) == 128 ** x solve for x:
3312 x = (NV_MAX_10_EXP+1) * log (10) / log (128)
3313 And with that many bytes only Inf can overflow.
3314 Some C compilers are strict about integral constant
3315 expressions so we conservatively divide by a slightly
3316 smaller integer instead of multiplying by the exact
3317 floating-point value.
3319 #ifdef NV_MAX_10_EXP
3320 /* char buf[1 + (int)((NV_MAX_10_EXP + 1) * 0.47456)]; -- invalid C */
3321 char buf[1 + (int)((NV_MAX_10_EXP + 1) / 2)]; /* valid C */
3323 /* char buf[1 + (int)((308 + 1) * 0.47456)]; -- invalid C */
3324 char buf[1 + (int)((308 + 1) / 2)]; /* valid C */
3326 char *in = buf + sizeof(buf);
3328 anv = Perl_floor(anv);
3330 const NV next = Perl_floor(anv / 128);
3331 if (in <= buf) /* this cannot happen ;-) */
3332 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot compress integer in pack");
3333 *--in = (unsigned char)(anv - (next * 128)) | 0x80;
3336 buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] &= 0x7f; /* clear continue bit */
3337 PUSH_GROWING_BYTES(utf8, cat, start, cur,
3338 in, (buf + sizeof(buf)) - in);
3347 /* Copy string and check for compliance */
3348 from = SvPV_const(fromstr, len);
3349 if ((norm = is_an_int(from, len)) == NULL)
3350 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can only compress unsigned integers in pack");
3352 Newx(result, len, char);
3355 while (!done) *--in = div128(norm, &done) | 0x80;
3356 result[len - 1] &= 0x7F; /* clear continue bit */
3357 PUSH_GROWING_BYTES(utf8, cat, start, cur,
3358 in, (result + len) - in);
3360 SvREFCNT_dec(norm); /* free norm */
3365 case 'i' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
3369 aint = SvIV(fromstr);
3370 DO_BO_PACK(aint, i);
3371 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aint);
3374 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
3375 case 'N' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
3381 au32 = SvUV(fromstr);
3383 au32 = PerlSock_htonl(au32);
3385 PUSH32(utf8, cur, &au32);
3388 #ifdef PERL_PACK_CAN_SHRIEKSIGN
3389 case 'V' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
3395 au32 = SvUV(fromstr);
3399 PUSH32(utf8, cur, &au32);
3402 case 'L' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
3403 #if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
3405 unsigned long aulong;
3407 aulong = SvUV(fromstr);
3408 DO_BO_PACK(aulong, l);
3409 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aulong);
3419 au32 = SvUV(fromstr);
3420 DO_BO_PACK(au32, 32);
3421 PUSH32(utf8, cur, &au32);
3424 case 'l' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
3425 #if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
3429 along = SvIV(fromstr);
3430 DO_BO_PACK(along, l);
3431 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, along);
3441 ai32 = SvIV(fromstr);
3442 DO_BO_PACK(ai32, 32);
3443 PUSH32(utf8, cur, &ai32);
3451 auquad = (Uquad_t) SvUV(fromstr);
3452 DO_BO_PACK(auquad, 64);
3453 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, auquad);
3460 aquad = (Quad_t)SvIV(fromstr);
3461 DO_BO_PACK(aquad, 64);
3462 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aquad);
3465 #endif /* HAS_QUAD */
3467 len = 1; /* assume SV is correct length */
3468 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, sizeof(char *));
3475 SvGETMAGIC(fromstr);
3476 if (!SvOK(fromstr)) aptr = NULL;
3478 /* XXX better yet, could spirit away the string to
3479 * a safe spot and hang on to it until the result
3480 * of pack() (and all copies of the result) are
3483 if ((SvTEMP(fromstr) || (SvPADTMP(fromstr) &&
3484 !SvREADONLY(fromstr))) && ckWARN(WARN_PACK)) {
3485 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
3486 "Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value");
3488 if (SvPOK(fromstr) || SvNIOK(fromstr))
3489 aptr = SvPV_nomg_const_nolen(fromstr);
3491 aptr = SvPV_force_flags_nolen(fromstr, 0);
3493 DO_BO_PACK_PC(aptr);
3494 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aptr);
3498 const char *aptr, *aend;
3502 if (len <= 2) len = 45;
3503 else len = len / 3 * 3;
3505 if (ckWARN(WARN_PACK))
3506 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
3507 "Field too wide in 'u' format in pack");
3510 aptr = SvPV_const(fromstr, fromlen);
3511 from_utf8 = DO_UTF8(fromstr);
3513 aend = aptr + fromlen;
3514 fromlen = sv_len_utf8(fromstr);
3515 } else aend = NULL; /* Unused, but keep compilers happy */
3516 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, (fromlen+2) / 3 * 4 + (fromlen+len-1)/len * 2);
3517 while (fromlen > 0) {
3520 U8 hunk[1+63/3*4+1];
3522 if ((I32)fromlen > len)
3528 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &aptr, aend, buffer, todo,
3529 'u' | TYPE_IS_PACK)) {
3531 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
3532 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Assertion: string is shorter than advertised");
3534 end = doencodes(hunk, buffer, todo);
3536 end = doencodes(hunk, aptr, todo);
3539 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, hunk, end-hunk);
3546 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
3548 *symptr = lookahead;
3557 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
3558 register SV *cat = TARG;
3560 SV *pat_sv = *++MARK;
3561 register const char *pat = SvPV_const(pat_sv, fromlen);
3562 register const char *patend = pat + fromlen;
3565 sv_setpvn(cat, "", 0);
3568 packlist(cat, pat, patend, MARK, SP + 1);
3578 * c-indentation-style: bsd
3580 * indent-tabs-mode: t
3583 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: